Note: a. The C-20 configurations of the test ginsenosides are 20(S) except when indicated behind the substituent groups in this column. b. Glc: β-D-glucopyranosyl; Xyl: β-D-xylopyranosyl; Rha: α-L-rhamnopyranosyl. Numerical superscripts indicate the carbons at glucosidic bonds. c. C-K: ginsenoside Compound K. d. PPD: protopanaxadiol; PPT: protopanaxatriol.