Interacting Symbionts and Immunity in the Amphibian Skin Mucosome Predict Disease Risk and Probiotic Effectiveness

• Douglas C. Woodhams ,

  * E-mail: dwoodhams@gmail.com

  Current address: Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

  Affiliations Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America

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• Hannelore Brandt,

  Affiliation Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

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• Simone Baumgartner,

  Current address: Department of Aquatic Ecology, Duebendorf, Switzerland, and Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH-Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland

  Affiliation Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

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• Jos Kielgast,

  Current address: Section for Freshwater Biology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark and Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate Natural History Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark

  Affiliation Section for Freshwater Biology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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• Eliane Küpfer,

  Affiliations Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, Department of Evolutionary Biology, Technical University of Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany

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• Ursina Tobler,

  Affiliations Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, KARCH, Neuchâtel, Switzerland

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• Leyla R. Davis,

  Affiliation Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

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• Benedikt R. Schmidt,

  Affiliations Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, KARCH, Neuchâtel, Switzerland

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• Christian Bel,

  Affiliation Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

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• Sandro Hodel,

  Affiliation Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

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• Rob Knight,

  Affiliation Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America

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• Valerie McKenzie

  Affiliation Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America

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