Is Opium a Real Risk Factor for Esophageal Cancer or Just a Methodological Artifact? Hospital and Neighborhood Controls in Case-Control Studies

• Ramin Shakeri,

  Affiliations Digestive Disease Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

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• Farin Kamangar,

  Affiliations Department of Public Health Analysis, School of Community Health and Policy, Morgan State University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America, Digestive Disease Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

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• Dariush Nasrollahzadeh,

  Affiliations Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden, Digestive Disease Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

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• Mehdi Nouraie,

  Affiliations Department of Internal Medicine and Center for Sickle Cell Disease, Howard University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America, Digestive Disease Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

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• Hooman Khademi,

  Affiliations Digestive Disease Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France

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• Arash Etemadi,

  Affiliations Digestive Disease Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

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• Farhad Islami,

  Affiliations International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France, Digestive Disease Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

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• Hajiamin Marjani,

  Affiliation Digestive Disease Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

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• Saman Fahimi,

  Affiliations University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom, Digestive Disease Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

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• Alireza Sepehr,

  Affiliations Department of Pathology, BIDMC, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Digestive Disease Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

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• Atieh Rahmati,

  Affiliations Digestive Disease Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease Research Center, Firoozgar Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

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• Christian C. Abnet,

  Affiliation Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

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• Sanford M. Dawsey,

  Affiliation Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

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• Paul Brennan,

  Affiliation International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France

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• Paolo Boffetta,

  Affiliations The Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America, International Prevention Research Institute, Lyon, France

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• Reza Malekzadeh,

  Affiliation Digestive Disease Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

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•  [ ... ],
• Reza Majdzadeh

  * E-mail: rezamajd@tums.ac.ir

  Affiliations Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Knowledge Utilization Research Center (KURC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

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