Fine-Scale Variation in Vector Host Use and Force of Infection Drive Localized Patterns of West Nile Virus Transmission

• Gabriel L. Hamer ,

  * E-mail: ghamer@msu.edu

  Affiliations Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, Lansing, Michigan, United States of America

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• Luis F. Chaves,

  Affiliations Department of Environmental Studies, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America, Programa de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica, Graduate School of Environmental Science & Global Center of Excellence Program on Integrated Field and Environmental Studies, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan

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• Tavis K. Anderson,

  Affiliation Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America

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• Uriel D. Kitron,

  Affiliation Department of Environmental Studies, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

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• Jeffrey D. Brawn,

  Affiliation Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America

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• Marilyn O. Ruiz,

  Affiliation Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America

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• Scott R. Loss,

  Affiliation Conservation Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America

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• Edward D. Walker,

  Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, Lansing, Michigan, United States of America

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• Tony L. Goldberg

  Affiliation Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America

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