Reduced Levels of Membrane-Bound Alkaline Phosphatase Are Common to Lepidopteran Strains Resistant to Cry Toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis

• Juan Luis Jurat-Fuentes ,

  * E-mail: jurat@utk.edu

  Affiliation Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America

  ⨯
• Lohitash Karumbaiah,

  Affiliation Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America

  ⨯
• Siva Rama Krishna Jakka,

  Affiliation Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America

  ⨯
• Changming Ning,

  Affiliation State Key Laboratory of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, People's Republic of China

  ⨯
• Chenxi Liu,

  Affiliation State Key Laboratory of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, People's Republic of China

  ⨯
• Kongming Wu,

  Affiliation State Key Laboratory of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, People's Republic of China

  ⨯
• Jerreme Jackson,

  Affiliation Genome Science and Technology Program, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America

  ⨯
• Fred Gould,

  Affiliation Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America

  ⨯
• Carlos Blanco,

  Affiliation Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Biotechnology Regulatory Services, United States Department of Agriculture, Riverdale, Maryland, United States of America

  ⨯
• Maribel Portilla,

  Affiliation Southern Insect Management Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Stoneville, Mississippi, United States of America

  ⨯
• Omaththage Perera,

  Affiliation Southern Insect Management Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Stoneville, Mississippi, United States of America

  ⨯
• Michael Adang

  Affiliations Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America

  ⨯