A Conserved Behavioral State Barrier Impedes Transitions between Anesthetic-Induced Unconsciousness and Wakefulness: Evidence for Neural Inertia

• Eliot B. Friedman,

  Affiliations Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Center for Sleep and Respiratory Neurobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

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• Yi Sun,

  Affiliation Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

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• Jason T. Moore,

  Affiliations Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

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• Hsiao-Tung Hung,

  Affiliations Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Center for Sleep and Respiratory Neurobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

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• Qing Cheng Meng,

  Affiliation Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

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• Priyan Perera,

  Affiliation Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

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• William J. Joiner,

  Current address: Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America

  Affiliation Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

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• Steven A. Thomas,

  Affiliation Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

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• Roderic G. Eckenhoff,

  Affiliation Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

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• Amita Sehgal,

  Affiliations Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Center for Sleep and Respiratory Neurobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

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• Max B. Kelz

  * E-mail: kelzma@uphs.upenn.edu

  Affiliations Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Center for Sleep and Respiratory Neurobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

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