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Open Access

Peer-reviewed

Research Article

Evaluation of the Distribution and Impacts of Parasites, Pathogens, and Pesticides on Honey Bee (Apis mellifera) Populations in East Africa

  • Elliud Muli ,

    Contributed equally to this work with: Elliud Muli, Harland Patch, Maryann Frazier

    Affiliations The International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya, Department of Biological Sciences, South Eastern Kenya University (SEKU), Kitui, Kenya

    ⨯
  • Harland Patch ,

    Contributed equally to this work with: Elliud Muli, Harland Patch, Maryann Frazier

    hmpatch@psu.edu

    Affiliation Department of Entomology, Center for Pollinator Research, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America

    ⨯
  • Maryann Frazier ,

    Contributed equally to this work with: Elliud Muli, Harland Patch, Maryann Frazier

    Affiliation Department of Entomology, Center for Pollinator Research, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America

    ⨯
  • James Frazier,

    Affiliation Department of Entomology, Center for Pollinator Research, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America

    ⨯
  • Baldwyn Torto,

    Affiliation The International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya

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  • Tracey Baumgarten,

    Affiliation Department of Entomology, Center for Pollinator Research, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America

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  • Joseph Kilonzo,

    Affiliation The International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya

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  • James Ng'ang'a Kimani,

    Affiliation The International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya

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  • Fiona Mumoki,

    Affiliation The International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya

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  • Daniel Masiga,

    Affiliation The International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya

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  • James Tumlinson,

    Affiliation Department of Entomology, Center for Pollinator Research, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America

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  • Christina Grozinger

    Affiliation Department of Entomology, Center for Pollinator Research, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America

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