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Open Access

Peer-reviewed

Research Article

Determinants of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease, Including Hookah Smoking and Opium Use– A Cross-Sectional Analysis of 50,000 Individuals

  • Farhad Islami ,

    farhad.islami@mssm.edu (FI); sianasseri@yahoo.com (SN-M)

    Affiliations Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, The Tisch Cancer Institute and Institute for Transitional Epidemiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America

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  • Siavosh Nasseri-Moghaddam ,

    farhad.islami@mssm.edu (FI); sianasseri@yahoo.com (SN-M)

    Affiliation Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    ⨯
  • Akram Pourshams,

    Affiliation Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

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  • Hossein Poustchi,

    Affiliation Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

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  • Shahryar Semnani,

    Affiliation Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran

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  • Farin Kamangar,

    Affiliations Department of Public Health Analysis, School of Community Health and Policy, Morgan State University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    ⨯
  • Arash Etemadi,

    Affiliations Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America, Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    ⨯
  • Shahin Merat,

    Affiliation Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

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  • Masoud Khoshnia,

    Affiliation Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran

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  • Sanford M. Dawsey,

    Affiliation Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

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  • Paul D. Pharoah,

    Affiliation Departments of Oncology and Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

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  • Paul Brennan,

    Affiliation International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France

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  • Christian C. Abnet,

    Affiliation Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

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  • Paolo Boffetta,

    Affiliations The Tisch Cancer Institute and Institute for Transitional Epidemiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America, International Prevention Research Institute, Lyon, France

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  • Reza Malekzadeh

    Affiliation Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    ⨯

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