Effectiveness of Inactivated Influenza Vaccines in Preventing Influenza-Associated Deaths and Hospitalizations among Ontario Residents Aged ≥65 Years: Estimates with Generalized Linear Models Accounting for Healthy Vaccinee Effects

• Benjamin J. Ridenhour ,

  * E-mail: ridenhour.1@nd.edu

  Affiliations Influenza Division, United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America, Eck Institute for Global Health, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana, United States of America

  ⨯
• Michael A. Campitelli,

  Affiliation Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

  ⨯
• Jeffrey C. Kwong,

  Affiliations Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Ontario Agency for Health Protection and Promotion, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

  ⨯
• Laura C. Rosella,

  Affiliations Ontario Agency for Health Protection and Promotion, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

  ⨯
• Ben G. Armstrong,

  Affiliation Department of Social and Environmental Health Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Punam Mangtani,

  Affiliations Department of Social and Environmental Health Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Andrew J. Calzavara,

  Affiliation Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

  ⨯
• David K. Shay

  Affiliation Influenza Division, United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

  ⨯