Streptococcus pneumoniae in Biofilms Are Unable to Cause Invasive Disease Due to Altered Virulence Determinant Production

• Carlos J. Sanchez,

  Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America

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• Nikhil Kumar,

  Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

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• Anel Lizcano,

  Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America

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• Pooja Shivshankar,

  Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America

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• Julie C. Dunning Hotopp,

  Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

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• James H. Jorgensen,

  Affiliations Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America, Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America

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• Hervé Tettelin,

  Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

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• Carlos J. Orihuela

  * E-mail: orihuela@uthscsa.edu

  Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America

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