Histology of the Pharyngeal Constrictor Muscle in 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome and Non-Syndromic Children with Velopharyngeal Insufficiency

Open Access

Peer-reviewed

Research Article

Josine C. C. Widdershoven ,

* E-mail: josine.widdershoven@mumc.nl

Affiliation Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
⨯
Nicole E. Spruijt,

Affiliation Department of Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
⨯
Wim G. M. Spliet,

Affiliation Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
⨯
Corstiaan C. Breugem,

Affiliation Department of Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
⨯
Moshe Kon,

Affiliation Department of Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
⨯
Aebele B. Mink van der Molen

Affiliation Department of Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
⨯

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Slow-twitch muscle fibers
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Muscle fibers
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Fast-twitch muscle fibers
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Pharyngeal muscles
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Histology
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Nerve fibers
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Hypotonia
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Muscle analysis
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