HLA Genes, Islet Autoantibodies and Residual C-Peptide at the Clinical Onset of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and the Risk of Retinopathy 15 Years Later

• Richard A. Jensen ,

  * E-mail: richaj@uw.edu

  Affiliation Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, School of Medicine, and the Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

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• Elisabet Agardh,

  Affiliation Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology, University Hospital MAS, Malmö, Sweden

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• Åke Lernmark,

  Affiliations Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

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• Soffia Gudbjörnsdottir,

  Affiliation Department of Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden

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• Nicholas L. Smith,

  Affiliations Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, School of Medicine, and the Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Seattle Epidemiologic Research and Information Center of the Department of Veterans Affairs, Office of Research and Development, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

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• David S. Siscovick,

  Affiliations Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, School of Medicine, and the Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

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• Carina Törn,

  Affiliation Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

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• on behalf of the DISS Group

  ¶Members of the DISS group are listed in the Acknowledgments.

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