Habitat Fragmentation, Variable Edge Effects, and the Landscape-Divergence Hypothesis

• William F. Laurance ,

  *To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: laurancew@si.edu

  Affiliation Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Republic of Panama

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• Henrique E. M. Nascimento,

  Affiliation Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, National Institute for Amazonian Research (INPA), Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Manaus, Brazil

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• Susan G. Laurance,

  Affiliation Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Republic of Panama

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• Ana Andrade,

  Affiliation Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, National Institute for Amazonian Research (INPA), Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Manaus, Brazil

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• Robert M. Ewers,

  Affiliation Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, United Kingdom

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• Kyle E. Harms,

  Affiliations Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Republic of Panama, Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America

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• Regina C. C. Luizão,

  Affiliation Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, National Institute for Amazonian Research (INPA), Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Manaus, Brazil

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• José E. Ribeiro

  Affiliation Department of Botany, National Institute for Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, Brazil

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