FN Clarivate Analytics Web of Science
VR 1.0
PT J
AU Gupta, N
   Goel, K
   Shah, P
   Misra, A
AF Gupta, Nidhi
   Goel, Kashish
   Shah, Priyali
   Misra, Anoop
TI Childhood Obesity in Developing Countries: Epidemiology, Determinants,
   and Prevention
SO ENDOCRINE REVIEWS
LA English
DT Review
ID ASIAN INDIAN ADOLESCENTS; NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; C-REACTIVE
   PROTEIN; IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; POLYCYSTIC-OVARY-SYNDROME; TYPE-2
   DIABETES-MELLITUS; PRIMARY-SCHOOL CHILDREN; 3RD NATIONAL-HEALTH; DELHI
   BIRTH COHORT; BODY-MASS INDEX
AB Rapidly changing dietary practices and a sedentary lifestyle have led to increasing prevalence of childhood obesity (5-19 yr) in developing countries recently: 41.8% in Mexico, 22.1% in Brazil, 22.0% in India, and 19.3% in Argentina. Moreover, secular trends indicate increasing prevalence rates in these countries: 4.1 to 13.9% in Brazil during 1974-1997, 12.2 to 15.6% in Thailand during 1991-1993, and 9.8 to 11.7% in India during 2006-2009. Important determinants of childhood obesity include high socioeconomic status, residence in metropolitan cities, female gender, unawareness and false beliefs about nutrition, marketing by transnational food companies, increasing academic stress, and poor facilities for physical activity. Childhood obesity has been associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus, the early-onset metabolic syndrome, subclinical inflammation, dyslipidemia, coronary artery diseases, and adulthood obesity. Therapeutic lifestyle changes and maintenance of regular physical activity through parental initiative and social support interventions are the most important strategies in managing childhood obesity. Also, high-risk screening and effective health educational programs are urgently needed in developing countries. (Endocrine Reviews 33: 48-70, 2012)
C1 [Gupta, Nidhi] Childrens Hosp Michigan, Dept Pediat, Detroit, MI 48201 USA.
   [Gupta, Nidhi] Mayo Clin, Coll Med, Endocrine Res Unit, Rochester, MN 55905 USA.
   [Goel, Kashish] Mayo Clin, Coll Med, Div Cardiovasc Dis, Rochester, MN 55905 USA.
   [Gupta, Nidhi; Goel, Kashish; Shah, Priyali; Misra, Anoop] Diabet Fdn India, New Delhi 110016, India.
   [Shah, Priyali; Misra, Anoop] Natl Diabet Obes & Cholesterol Disorders Fdn N DO, New Delhi 110016, India.
   [Goel, Kashish] Wayne State Univ, Dept Internal Med, Detroit, MI 48202 USA.
   [Misra, Anoop] Fortis Hosp, Fortis C DOC Ctr Excellence Diabet Metab Dis & En, New Delhi 110070, India.
RP Misra, A (reprint author), Fortis Flt Lt Rajan Dhall Hosp, Dept Diabet & Metab Dis, New Delhi 110070, India.
EM anoopmisra@metabolicresearchindia.com
OI Gupta, Nidhi/0000-0001-6485-3318
FU National Diabetes, Obesity, and Cholesterol Disorders Foundation
   (N-DOC), NewDelhi; Diabetes Foundation (India); World Diabetes
   Foundation, Denmark
FX We acknowledge the support and cooperation of National Diabetes,
   Obesity, and Cholesterol Disorders Foundation (N-DOC), NewDelhi,
   Diabetes Foundation (India), and World Diabetes Foundation, Denmark in
   various research initiatives in childhood obesity undertaken by our
   group.
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NR 161
TC 243
Z9 268
U1 3
U2 133
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
PI CARY
PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA
SN 0163-769X
EI 1945-7189
J9 ENDOCR REV
JI Endocr. Rev.
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 33
IS 1
BP 48
EP 70
DI 10.1210/er.2010-0028
PG 23
WC Endocrinology & Metabolism
SC Endocrinology & Metabolism
GA 894CH
UT WOS:000300404100002
PM 22240243
OA Bronze
HC Y
HP N
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Adair, LS
   Fall, CHD
   Osmond, C
   Stein, AD
   Martorell, R
   Ramirez-Zea, M
   Sachdev, HS
   Dahly, DL
   Bas, I
   Norris, SA
   Micklesfield, L
   Hallal, P
   Victora, CG
AF Adair, Linda S.
   Fall, Caroline H. D.
   Osmond, Clive
   Stein, Aryeh D.
   Martorell, Reynaldo
   Ramirez-Zea, Manuel
   Sachdev, Harshpal Singh
   Dahly, Darren L.
   Bas, Isabelita
   Norris, Shane A.
   Micklesfield, Lisa
   Hallal, Pedro
   Victora, Cesar G.
CA COHORTS Grp
TI Associations of linear growth and relative weight gain during early life
   with adult health and human capital in countries of low and middle
   income: findings from five birth cohort studies
SO LANCET
LA English
DT Article
ID CATCH-UP GROWTH; BODY-MASS INDEX; EARLY-CHILDHOOD; BLOOD-PRESSURE;
   YOUNG-ADULTS; PROFILE; NUTRITION; SIZE; PATTERNS; RISK
AB Background Fast weight gain and linear growth in children in low-income and middle-income countries are associated with enhanced survival and improved cognitive development, but might increase risk of obesity and related adult cardiometabolic diseases. We investigated how linear growth and relative weight gain during infancy and childhood are related to health and human capital outcomes in young adults.
   Methods We used data from five prospective birth cohort studies from Brazil, Guatemala, India, the Philippines, and South Africa. We investigated body-mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, plasma glucose concentration, height, years of attained schooling, and related categorical indicators of adverse outcomes in young adults. With linear and logistic regression models, we assessed how these outcomes relate to birthweight and to statistically independent measures representing linear growth and weight gain independent of linear growth (relative weight gain) in three age periods: 0-2 years, 2 years to mid-childhood, and mid-childhood to adulthood.
   Findings We obtained data for 8362 participants who had at least one adult outcome of interest. A higher birthweight was consistently associated with an adult body-mass index of greater than 25 kg/m(2) (odds ratio 1.28, 95% CI 1.21-1.35) and a reduced likelihood of short adult stature (0.49, 0.44-0.54) and of not completing secondary school (0.82, 0.78-0.87). Faster linear growth was strongly associated with a reduced risk of short adult stature (age 2 years: 0.23, 0.20-0.52; mid-childhood: 0.39, 0.36-0.43) and of not completing secondary school (age 2 years: 0.74, 0.67-0.78; mid-childhood: 0.87, 0.83-0.92), but did raise the likelihood of overweight (age 2 years: 1.24, 1.17-1.31; mid-childhood: 1.12, 1.06-1.18) and elevated blood pressure (age 2 years: 1.12, 1.06-1.19; mid-childhood: 1.07, 1.01-1.13). Faster relative weight gain was associated with an increased risk of adult overweight (age 2 years: 1.51, 1.43-1.60; mid-childhood: 1.76, 1.69-1.91) and elevated blood pressure (age 2 years: 1.07, 1.01-1.13; mid-childhood: 1.22, 1.15-1.30). Linear growth and relative weight gain were not associated with dysglycaemia, but a higher birthweight was associated with decreased risk of the disorder (0.89, 0.81-0.98).
   Interpretation Interventions in countries of low and middle income to increase birthweight and linear growth during the first 2 years of life are likely to result in substantial gains in height and schooling and give some protection from adult chronic disease risk factors, with few adverse trade-offs.
C1 [Adair, Linda S.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Nutr, Chapel Hill, NC 27516 USA.
   [Fall, Caroline H. D.; Osmond, Clive] Univ Southampton, Southampton Gen Hosp, MRC Lifecourse Epidemiol Unit, Southampton, Hants, England.
   [Stein, Aryeh D.; Martorell, Reynaldo] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Hubert Dept Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.
   [Ramirez-Zea, Manuel] Inst Nutr Cent Amer & Panama, Unit Nutr & Chron Dis, Guatemala City, Guatemala.
   [Sachdev, Harshpal Singh] Sitaram Bhartia Inst Sci & Res, New Delhi, India.
   [Dahly, Darren L.] Univ Leeds, Ctr Biostat & Epidemiol, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England.
   [Bas, Isabelita] Univ San Carlos, Off Populat Studies Fdn, Cebu, Philippines.
   [Norris, Shane A.; Micklesfield, Lisa] Univ Witwatersrand, Fac Hlth Sci, Dept Pediat, MRC,Wits Dev Pathways Hlth Res Unit, Johannesburg, South Africa.
   [Hallal, Pedro; Victora, Cesar G.] Univ Fed Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.
RP Adair, LS (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Carolina Populat Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC 27516 USA.
EM linda_adair@unc.edu
RI Hallal, Pedro/A-3249-2011; Epidemiologicas, Centro de
   pesquisas/D-4561-2013; Victora, Cesar/D-4476-2013; Horta,
   Bernardo/A-7604-2008
OI Hallal, Pedro/0000-0003-1470-6461; Victora, Cesar/0000-0002-2465-2180;
   Horta, Bernardo/0000-0001-9843-412X; Stein, Aryeh/0000-0003-1138-6458;
   Micklesfield, Lisa/0000-0002-4994-0779; Osmond,
   Clive/0000-0002-9054-4655
FU Wellcome Trust; Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation; Medical Research
   Council [MC_UP_A620_1016, MC_UU_12011/3, MC_UU_12011/4, G0902101,
   G1001333]
FX Wellcome Trust and Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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NR 39
TC 238
Z9 244
U1 5
U2 66
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 0140-6736
J9 LANCET
JI Lancet
PD AUG 10
PY 2013
VL 382
IS 9891
BP 525
EP 534
DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60103-8
PG 10
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA 201SD
UT WOS:000323162400031
PM 23541370
OA Green Published
HC Y
HP N
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Sachdev, HS
   Fall, CH
   Osmond, C
   Lakshmy, R
   Biswas, SKD
   Leary, SD
   Reddy, KS
   Barker, DJ
   Bhargava, SK
AF Sachdev, HS
   Fall, CH
   Osmond, C
   Lakshmy, R
   Biswas, SKD
   Leary, SD
   Reddy, KS
   Barker, DJ
   Bhargava, SK
TI Anthropometric indicators of body composition in young adults: relation
   to size at birth and serial measurements of body mass index in childhood
   in the New Delhi birth cohort
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
LA English
DT Article
DE body composition; lean mass; obesity; developmental origins of adult
   disease; birth weight; childhood growth; nutritional transition; India
ID IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; ASIAN INDIAN MEN;
   CATCH-UP GROWTH; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; FAT
   DISTRIBUTION; DIABETES-MELLITUS; BLOOD-PRESSURE; FETAL ORIGINS
AB Background: South Asians have a muscle-thin but adipose body phenotype and high rates of obesity-related disease. Adult body composition may be predictable in early life.
   Objective: Anthropometric indexes of adult body composition were examined in relation to birth size and body mass index (BMI) during childhood.
   Design: A population-based cohort of 1526 men and women aged 26-32 y in Delhi, India, who were measured sequentially from birth until 21 y of age were followed up. Adult weight, height, skinfold thicknesses, and waist and hip circumferences were measured. BMI and indexes of adiposity (sum of skinfold thicknesses), central adiposity (waist-hip ratio), and lean mass (residual values after adjustment of BMI for skinfold thicknesses and height) were derived.
   Results: Mean birth weight was 2851 g. As children, many subjects were underweight-for-age (> 2 SDs below the National Center for Health Statistics mean; 53% at 2 y), but as adults, 47% were overweight, 11% were obese, and 51% were centrally obese (according to World Health Organization criteria). Birth weight was positively related to adult lean mass (P < 0.001) and, in women only, to adiposity (P = 0.006) but was unrelated to central adiposity. BMI from birth to age 21 y was increasingly strongly positively correlated with all outcomes. BMI and BMI gain in infancy and early childhood were correlated more strongly with adult lean mass than with adiposity or central adiposity. Higher BMI and greater BMI gain in late childhood and adolescence were associated with increased adult adiposity and central adiposity.
   Conclusions: Birth weight and BMI gain during infancy and early childhood predict adult lean mass more strongly than adult adiposity. Greater BMI gain in late childhood and adolescence predicts increased adult adiposity.
C1 Maulana Azad Med Coll, Dept Pediat, New Delhi, India.
   Sunder Lal Jain Hosp, Dept Pediat, Delhi, India.
   Univ Southampton, Southampton Gen Hosp, MRC, Epidemiol Resource Ctr, Southampton, Hants, England.
   All India Inst Med Sci, Dept Cardiol, New Delhi, India.
   Indian Council Med Res, New Delhi, India.
RP Sachdev, HS (reprint author), E-6-12 Vasant Vihar, New Delhi 110057, India.
EM hpssachdev@hotmail.com
RI Barker, David/A-5671-2013; Leary, Sam/B-4456-2016
OI Osmond, Clive/0000-0002-9054-4655
FU British Heart Foundation [PG/05/046/18730]
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NR 57
TC 212
Z9 218
U1 0
U2 11
PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA
SN 0002-9165
EI 1938-3207
J9 AM J CLIN NUTR
JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr.
PD AUG
PY 2005
VL 82
IS 2
BP 456
EP 466
PG 11
WC Nutrition & Dietetics
SC Nutrition & Dietetics
GA 956IJ
UT WOS:000231293100027
PM 16087993
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Lee, ACC
   Katz, J
   Blencowe, H
   Cousens, S
   Kozuki, N
   Vogel, JP
   Adair, L
   Baqui, AH
   Bhutta, ZA
   Caulfield, LE
   Christian, P
   Clarke, SE
   Ezzati, M
   Fawzi, W
   Gonzalez, R
   Huybregts, L
   Kariuki, S
   Kolsteren, P
   Lusingu, J
   Marchant, T
   Merialdi, M
   Mongkolchati, A
   Mullany, LC
   Ndirangu, J
   Newell, ML
   Nien, JK
   Osrin, D
   Roberfroid, D
   Rosen, HE
   Sania, A
   Silveira, MF
   Tielsch, J
   Vaidya, A
   Willey, BA
   Lawn, JE
   Black, RE
AF Lee, Anne C. C.
   Katz, Joanne
   Blencowe, Hannah
   Cousens, Simon
   Kozuki, Naoko
   Vogel, Joshua P.
   Adair, Linda
   Baqui, Abdullah H.
   Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.
   Caulfield, Laura E.
   Christian, Parul
   Clarke, Sian E.
   Ezzati, Majid
   Fawzi, Wafaie
   Gonzalez, Rogelio
   Huybregts, Lieven
   Kariuki, Simon
   Kolsteren, Patrick
   Lusingu, John
   Marchant, Tanya
   Merialdi, Mario
   Mongkolchati, Aroonsri
   Mullany, Luke C.
   Ndirangu, James
   Newell, Marie-Louise
   Nien, Jyh Kae
   Osrin, David
   Roberfroid, Dominique
   Rosen, Heather E.
   Sania, Ayesha
   Silveira, Mariangela F.
   Tielsch, James
   Vaidya, Anjana
   Willey, Barbara A.
   Lawn, Joy E.
   Black, Robert E.
CA CHERG SGA-Preterm Birth
TI National and regional estimates of term and preterm babies born small
   for gestational age in 138 low-income and middle-income countries in
   2010
SO LANCET GLOBAL HEALTH
LA English
DT Article
ID MULTIPLE MICRONUTRIENT SUPPLEMENTATION; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL;
   BRAZIL BIRTH COHORT; INTRAUTERINE GROWTH-RETARDATION; FETAL-GROWTH;
   SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS; NEONATAL-MORTALITY; INFANT-MORTALITY; DOUBLE-BLIND;
   TIME TRENDS
AB Background National estimates for the numbers of babies born small for gestational age and the comorbidity with preterm birth are unavailable. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of term and preterm babies born small for gestational age (term-SGA and preterm-SGA), and the relation to low birthweight (<2500 g), in 138 countries of low and middle income in 2010.
   Methods Small for gestational age was defined as lower than the 10th centile for fetal growth from the 1991 US national reference population. Data from 22 birth cohort studies (14 low-income and middle-income countries) and from the WHO Global Survey on Maternal and Perinatal Health (23 countries) were used to model the prevalence of term-SGA births. Prevalence of preterm-SGA infants was calculated from meta-analyses.
   Findings In 2010, an estimated 32.4 million infants were born small for gestational age in low-income and middle-income countries (27% of livebirths), of whom 10.6 million infants were born at term and low birthweight. The prevalence of term-SGA babies ranged from 5.3% of livebirths in east Asia to 41.5% in south Asia, and the prevalence of preterm-SGA infants ranged from 1.2% in north Africa to 3.0% in southeast Asia. Of 18 million low-birthweight babies, 59% were term-SGA and 41% were preterm-SGA. Two-thirds of small-for-gestational-age infants were born in Asia (17.4 million in south Asia). Preterm-SGA babies totalled 2.8 million births in low-income and middle-income countries. Most small-for-gestational-age infants were born in India, Pakistan, Nigeria, and Bangladesh.
   Interpretation The burden of small-for-gestational-age births is very high in countries of low and middle income and is concentrated in south Asia. Implementation of effective interventions for babies born too small or too soon is an urgent priority to increase survival and reduce disability, stunting, and non-communicable diseases.
C1 [Lee, Anne C. C.; Katz, Joanne; Kozuki, Naoko; Baqui, Abdullah H.; Caulfield, Laura E.; Christian, Parul; Mullany, Luke C.; Rosen, Heather E.; Black, Robert E.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA.
   [Lee, Anne C. C.] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Newborn Med, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
   [Blencowe, Hannah; Cousens, Simon; Willey, Barbara A.] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Fac Epidemiol & Populat Hlth, London WC1, England.
   [Clarke, Sian E.; Marchant, Tanya] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Fac Infect Dis & Trop Dis, London WC1, England.
   [Marchant, Tanya; Willey, Barbara A.] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Malaria Ctr, London WC1, England.
   [Marchant, Tanya; Willey, Barbara A.; Lawn, Joy E.] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Maternal Reprod & Child Hlth Ctr, London WC1, England.
   [Vogel, Joshua P.] Univ Western Australia, Fac Med Dent & Hlth Sci, Sch Populat Hlth, Crawley, WA, Australia.
   [Vogel, Joshua P.; Merialdi, Mario] WHO, UNDP UNFPA UNICEF WHO World Bank Special Programm, Dev & Res Training Human Reprod HRP, Dept Reprod Hlth & Res, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
   [Adair, Linda] Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA.
   [Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.] Aga Khan Univ, Div Women & Child Hlth, Karachi, Pakistan.
   [Ezzati, Majid] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, London, England.
   [Fawzi, Wafaie] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
   [Fawzi, Wafaie; Sania, Ayesha] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
   [Fawzi, Wafaie] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Global Hlth & Populat, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
   [Gonzalez, Rogelio] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Sch Med, Santiago, Chile.
   [Huybregts, Lieven; Kolsteren, Patrick] Univ Ghent, Dept Food Safety & Food Qual, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
   [Huybregts, Lieven; Kolsteren, Patrick; Roberfroid, Dominique] Woman & Child Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Publ Hlth, Inst Trop Med, Antwerp, Belgium.
   [Kariuki, Simon] Ctr Global Hlth Res, Kenya Med Res Inst, Kisumu, Kenya.
   [Kariuki, Simon] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent Kenya, Kisumu, Kenya.
   [Lusingu, John] Natl Inst Med Res, Tanga, Tanzania.
   [Mongkolchati, Aroonsri] Mahidol Univ, ASEAN Inst Hlth Dev, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.
   [Ndirangu, James; Newell, Marie-Louise] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Africa Ctr Hlth & Populat Studies, Kwa Zulu Natal, South Africa.
   [Newell, Marie-Louise] UCL, Inst Child Hlth, Ctr Paediat Epidemiol & Biostat, London, England.
   [Osrin, David; Vaidya, Anjana] UCL, Inst Child Hlth, Inst Global Hlth, London, England.
   [Nien, Jyh Kae] Univ Los Andes, Fetal Maternal Med Unit, Santiago, Chile.
   [Nien, Jyh Kae] Univ Los Andes, Fac Med, Santiago, Chile.
   [Silveira, Mariangela F.] Univ Fed Pelotas, Programa Posgrad Epidemiol, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
   [Tielsch, James] George Washington Univ, Dept Global Hlth, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Serv, Washington, DC USA.
   [Lawn, Joy E.] Saving Newborn Lives Save Children USA, Washington, DC USA.
RP Lee, ACC (reprint author), Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Newborn Med, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
EM alee6@partners.org
RI Huybregts, Lieven/B-9578-2009; Silveira, Mariangela/L-6868-2013
OI Huybregts, Lieven/0000-0002-3068-2853; Silveira,
   Mariangela/0000-0002-3551-9713; Lawn, Joy/0000-0002-4573-1443; Newell,
   Marie-Louise/0000-0002-1074-7699; Vogel, Joshua/0000-0002-3214-7096
FU Bill AMP; Melinda Gates Foundation; Medical Research Council
   [MR/K012126/1]
FX Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation by a grant to the US Fund for UNICEF to
   support the activities of the Child Health Epidemiology Reference Group
   (CHERG).
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NR 52
TC 188
Z9 192
U1 4
U2 35
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 2214-109X
J9 LANCET GLOB HEALTH
JI Lancet Glob. Health
PD JUL
PY 2013
VL 1
IS 1
BP E26
EP E36
DI 10.1016/S2214-109X(13)70006-8
PG 11
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA AH8XT
UT WOS:000336422200010
PM 25103583
OA DOAJ Gold, Green Published
HC Y
HP N
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Martorell, R
   Horta, BL
   Adair, LS
   Stein, AD
   Richter, L
   Fall, CHD
   Bhargava, SK
   Biswas, SKD
   Perez, L
   Barros, FC
   Victora, CG
AF Martorell, Reynaldo
   Horta, Bernardo L.
   Adair, Linda S.
   Stein, Aryeh D.
   Richter, Linda
   Fall, Caroline H. D.
   Bhargava, Santosh K.
   Biswas, S. K. Dey
   Perez, Lorna
   Barros, Fernando C.
   Victora, Cesar G.
CA Consortium Hlth Orientated Res T
TI Weight Gain in the First Two Years of Life Is an Important Predictor of
   Schooling Outcomes in Pooled Analyses from Five Birth Cohorts from Low-
   and Middle-Income Countries
SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
LA English
DT Article
ID BODY-MASS INDEX; EARLY-CHILDHOOD; POSTNATAL-GROWTH; COGNITIVE FUNCTION;
   GUATEMALAN ADULTS; SIZE; NUTRITION; EDUCATION; CHILDREN; PROFILE
AB Schooling predicts better reproductive outcomes, better long-term health, and increased lifetime earnings. We used data from 5 cohorts (Brazil, Guatemala, India, the Philippines, and South Africa) to explore the relative importance of birthweight and postnatal weight gain for schooling in pooled analyses (n = 7945) that used appropriate statistical methods [conditional weight (CW) gain measures that are uncorrelated with prior weights] and controlled for confounding. One SD increase in birthweight, similar to 0.5 kg, was associated with 0.21 y more schooling and 8% decreased risk of grade failure. One SD increase in CW gain between 0 and 2 y, similar to 0.7 kg, was associated with higher estimates, 0.43 y more schooling, and 12% decreased risk of failure. One SID increase of CW gain between 2 and 4 y, similar to 0.9 kg, was associated with only 0.07 y more schooling but not with failure. Also, in children born in the lowest tertile of birthweight, 1 SID increase of CW between 0 and 2 y was associated with 0.52 y more schooling compared with 0.30 y in those in the upper tertile. Relationships with age at school entry were inconsistent. In conclusion, weight gain during the first 2 y of life had the strongest associations with schooling followed by birthweight; weight gain between 2 and 4 y had little relationship to schooling, Catch-up growth in smaller babies benefited schooling. Nutrition interventions aimed at women and children under 2 y are among the key strategies for achieving the millennium development goal of universal primary education by 2015. J. Nutr. 140: 348-354, 2010.
C1 [Martorell, Reynaldo; Stein, Aryeh D.] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Hubert Dept Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.
   [Horta, Bernardo L.; Barros, Fernando C.; Victora, Cesar G.] Univ Fed Pelotas, BR-96090790 Pelotas, Brazil.
   [Adair, Linda S.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Nutr, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27516 USA.
   [Richter, Linda] Univ Witwatersrand, Birth Res Programme 20, ZA-4014 Durban, South Africa.
   [Richter, Linda] Human Sci Res Council, ZA-4014 Durban, South Africa.
   [Fall, Caroline H. D.] Univ Southampton, MRC, Epidemiol Resource Ctr, Southampton S016 6YD, Hants, England.
   [Bhargava, Santosh K.] SL Jain Hosp, Delhi 464551, India.
   [Biswas, S. K. Dey] Indian Council Med Res, New Delhi 138648, India.
   [Perez, Lorna] Univ San Carlos, Office Populat Studies Fdn, Cebu 6000, Philippines.
RP Martorell, R (reprint author), Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Hubert Dept Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.
EM rmart77@emory.edu
RI Martorell, Reynaldo/I-2539-2012; Barros, Fernando/D-4857-2013;
   Epidemiologicas, Centro de pesquisas/D-4561-2013; Horta,
   Bernardo/A-7604-2008; Victora, Cesar/D-4476-2013
OI Horta, Bernardo/0000-0001-9843-412X; Victora, Cesar/0000-0002-2465-2180;
   Stein, Aryeh/0000-0003-1138-6458
FU Wellcome Trust, UK; U.S. NIH and its Fogarty International Center; U.S.
   National Science Foundation; Nestle Foundation; Thrasher Foundation; AHA
   India; U.S. National Center for Health Statistics; Indian Council of
   Medical Research; British Heart Foundation; Medical Research Council UK;
   Human Sciences Research Council; South African Medical Research Council;
   Mellon Foundation; South-African Netherlands Programme on Alternative
   Development; University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg; Medical
   Research Council [G0400519, MC_U147585821, MC_UP_A620_1016, U1475000003]
FX Supported by the Wellcome Trust, UK. Funding sources for each of the
   Consortium on Health Orientated Research in Transitional Societies
   (COHORTS) sites are as follows: Brazil: Recent phases of the cohort
   study are funded by the Wellcome Trust's Health Consequences of
   Population Change Programme. Guatemala: Past and present funding for the
   study has come from the U.S. NIH and its Fogarty International Center;
   the U.S. National Science Foundation, the Nestle Foundation, the
   Thrasher Foundation, and the AHA India: The original cohort study was
   funded by the U.S. National Center for Health Statistics and the Indian
   Council of Medical Research. The latest phases are supported by the
   British Heart Foundation, the Medical Research Council UK, and the
   Indian Council of Medical Research. Philippines: Most recent follow-up
   surveys funded by the U.S. NIH, Fogarty International Center. South
   Africa: Funding was provided by the Wellcome Trust, Human Sciences
   Research Council, South African Medical Research Council, the Mellon
   Foundation, the South-African Netherlands Programme on Alternative
   Development, and the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg.
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NR 42
TC 112
Z9 114
U1 1
U2 21
PU AMER SOC NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA
SN 0022-3166
J9 J NUTR
JI J. Nutr.
PD FEB
PY 2010
VL 140
IS 2
BP 348
EP 354
DI 10.3945/jn.109.112300
PG 7
WC Nutrition & Dietetics
SC Nutrition & Dietetics
GA 546GN
UT WOS:000273799300019
PM 20007336
OA Green Published, Bronze
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Jha, P
   Kesler, MA
   Kumar, R
   Ram, F
   Ram, U
   Aleksandrowicz, L
   Bassani, DG
   Chandra, S
   Banthia, JK
AF Jha, Prabhat
   Kesler, Maya A.
   Kumar, Rajesh
   Ram, Faujdar
   Ram, Usha
   Aleksandrowicz, Lukasz
   Bassani, Diego G.
   Chandra, Shailaja
   Banthia, Jayant K.
TI Trends in selective abortions of girls in India: analysis of nationally
   representative birth histories from 1990 to 2005 and census data from
   1991 to 2011
SO LANCET
LA English
DT Article
ID SEX-RATIOS; TECHNOLOGY; POPULATION; MORTALITY
AB Background India's 2011 census revealed a growing imbalance between the numbers of girls and boys aged 0-6 years, which we postulate is due to increased prenatal sex determination with subsequent selective abortion of female fetuses. We aimed to establish the trends in sex ratio by birth order from 1990 to 2005 with three nationally representative surveys and to quantify the totals of selective abortions of girls with census cohort data.
   Methods We assessed sex ratios by birth order in 0.25 million births in three rounds of the nationally representative National Family Health Survey covering the period from 1990 to 2005. We estimated totals of selective abortion of girls by assessing the birth cohorts of children aged 0-6 years in the 1991,2001, and 2011 censuses. Our main statistic was the conditional sex ratio of second-order births after a firstborn girl and we used 3-year rolling weighted averages to test for trends, with differences between trends compared by linear regression.
   Findings The conditional sex ratio for second-order births when the firstborn was a girl fell from 906 per 1000 boys (99% CI 798-1013) in 1990 to 836 (733-939) in 2005; an annual decline of 0.52% (p for trend=0.002). Declines were much greater in mothers with 10 or more years of education than in mothers with no education, and in wealthier households compared with poorer households. By contrast, we did not detect any significant declines in the sex ratio for second-order births if the firstborn was a boy, or for firstborns. Between the 2001 and 2011 censuses, more than twice the number of Indian districts (local administrative areas) showed declines in the child sex ratio as districts with no change or increases. After adjusting for excess mortality rates in girls, our estimates of number of selective abortions of girls rose from 0-2.0 million in the 1980s, to 1.2-4.1 million in the 1990s, and to 3.1-6.0 million in the 2000s. Each 1% decline in child sex ratio at ages 0-6 years implied 1.2-3.6 million more selective abortions of girls. Selective abortions of girls totalled about 4.2-12.1 million from 1980-2010, with a greater rate of increase in the 1990s than in the 2000s.
   Interpretation Selective abortion of girls, especially for pregnancies after a firstborn girl, has increased substantially in India. Most of India's population now live in states where selective abortion of girls is common.
C1 [Jha, Prabhat; Kesler, Maya A.; Ram, Usha; Aleksandrowicz, Lukasz; Bassani, Diego G.] Univ Toronto, St Michaels Hosp, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Inst, Ctr Global Hlth Res, Toronto, ON M5B 2C5, Canada.
   [Jha, Prabhat; Kesler, Maya A.; Ram, Usha; Aleksandrowicz, Lukasz; Bassani, Diego G.] Univ Toronto, Dalla Lana Sch Publ Hlth, Toronto, ON M5B 2C5, Canada.
   [Kumar, Rajesh] Post Grad Inst Med Res & Educ, Sch Publ Hlth, Chandigarh, India.
   [Ram, Faujdar; Ram, Usha] Int Inst Populat Sci, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
   [Chandra, Shailaja] Govt India, Natl Populat Stabilisat Fund, New Delhi, India.
   [Banthia, Jayant K.] Govt Maharasthra, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
RP Jha, P (reprint author), Univ Toronto, St Michaels Hosp, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Inst, Ctr Global Hlth Res, Toronto, ON M5B 2C5, Canada.
EM prabhat.jha@utoronto.ca
RI Bassani, Diego/G-2827-2015
OI Bassani, Diego/0000-0001-6704-3820; Aleksandrowicz,
   Lukasz/0000-0002-3644-1372
FU Fogarty International Centre of the US National Institutes of Health
   [R01 TW05991-01]; International Development Research Centre [102172];
   Canadian Institute of Health Research (CIHR) [IEG-53506]; Li Ka Shing
   Knowledge Institute at St Michael's Hospital; University of Toronto;
   Canada Research Chair programme
FX The Registrar-General of India first established the ongoing national
   census in 1881, and is presently collaborating with several of the
   authors on the Million Death Study. External funding is from the Fogarty
   International Centre of the US National Institutes of Health (grant R01
   TW05991-01]), International Development Research Centre (grant 102172),
   Canadian Institute of Health Research (CIHR; IEG-53506), and the Li Ka
   Shing Knowledge Institute at St Michael's Hospital and University of
   Toronto (CGHR support). PJ is supported by the Canada Research Chair
   programme. The opinions expressed in this report are those of the
   authors and do not necessarily represent those of the Government of
   India. We thank Rahim Moineddin and Wilson Suraweera for statistical
   help, Vicky Hsiao and Brendon Pezzack for graphics, and Daniel Rosenblum
   and Ansely Wong for comments.
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NR 30
TC 103
Z9 104
U1 2
U2 12
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 0140-6736
EI 1474-547X
J9 LANCET
JI Lancet
PD JUN 4
PY 2011
VL 377
IS 9781
BP 1921
EP 1928
DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60649-1
PG 8
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA 777LW
UT WOS:000291623200028
PM 21612820
OA Green Accepted
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Adair, LS
   Martorell, R
   Stein, AD
   Hallal, PC
   Sachdev, HS
   Prabhakaran, D
   Wills, AK
   Norris, SA
   Dahly, DL
   Lee, NR
   Victora, CG
AF Adair, Linda S.
   Martorell, Reynaldo
   Stein, Aryeh D.
   Hallal, Pedro C.
   Sachdev, Harshpal S.
   Prabhakaran, Dorairaj
   Wills, Andrew K.
   Norris, Shane A.
   Dahly, Darren L.
   Lee, Nanette R.
   Victora, Cesar G.
CA COHORTS Grp
TI Size at birth, weight gain in infancy and childhood, and adult blood
   pressure in 5 low- and middle-income-country cohorts: when does weight
   gain matter?
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
LA English
DT Article
ID CATCH-UP GROWTH; BODY-MASS INDEX; FETAL ORIGINS; POSTNATAL-GROWTH; YOUNG
   ADULTHOOD; LATER LIFE; UNEXPLAINED RESIDUALS; SKINFOLD THICKNESS; SERIAL
   CHANGES; HYPOTHESIS
AB Background: Promoting catch-up growth in malnourished children has health benefits, but recent evidence suggests that accelerated child weight gain increases adult chronic disease risk.
   Objective: We aimed to determine how birth weight (BW) and weight gain to midchildhood relate to blood pressure (BP) in young adults.
   Design: We pooled data from birth cohorts in Brazil, Guatemala, India, the Philippines, and South Africa. We used conditional weight (CW), a residual of current weight regressed on prior weights, to represent deviations from expected weight gain from 0 to 12, 12 to 24, 24 to 48 mo, and 48 mo to adulthood. Adult BP and risk of prehypertension or hypertension (P/HTN) were modeled before and after adjustment for adult body mass index (BMI) and height. Interactions of CWs with small size-for-gestational age (SGA) at birth were tested.
   Results: Higher CWs were associated with increased BP and odds of P/HTN, with coefficients proportional to the contribution of each CW to adult BMI. Adjusted for adult height and BMI, no child CW was associated with adult BP, but 1 SD of BW was related to a 0.5-mm Hg lower systolic BP and a 9% lower odds of P/HTN. BW and CW associations with systolic BP and P/HTN were not different between adults born SGA and those with normal BW, but higher CW at 48 mo was associated with higher diastolic BP in those born SGA.
   Conclusions: Greater weight gain at any age relates to elevated adult BP, but faster weight gains in infancy and young childhood do not pose a higher risk than do gains at other ages. Am J Clin Nutr 2009;89:1383-92.
C1 [Adair, Linda S.] Univ N Carolina, Carolina Populat Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC 27516 USA.
   [Martorell, Reynaldo; Stein, Aryeh D.] Emory Univ, Dept Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.
   [Hallal, Pedro C.; Victora, Cesar G.] Univ Fed Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.
   [Sachdev, Harshpal S.] Sitaram Bhartia Inst Sci & Res, New Delhi, India.
   [Prabhakaran, Dorairaj] Ctr Chron Dis Control, New Delhi, India.
   [Wills, Andrew K.] Univ Southampton, MRC, Epidemiol Resource Ctr, Southampton, Hants, England.
   [Norris, Shane A.] Univ Witwatersrand, Dept Paediat, MRC, Mineral Metab Res Unit, Johannesburg, South Africa.
   [Dahly, Darren L.] Univ Leeds, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England.
   [Lee, Nanette R.] Off Populat Studies Fdn, Cebu, Philippines.
RP Adair, LS (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Carolina Populat Ctr, CB 8120,Univ Sq,123 W Franklin St, Chapel Hill, NC 27516 USA.
EM linda_adair@unc.edu
RI Victora, Cesar/D-4476-2013; Hallal, Pedro/A-3249-2011; Epidemiologicas,
   Centro de pesquisas/D-4561-2013; Martorell, Reynaldo/I-2539-2012; Horta,
   Bernardo/A-7604-2008
OI Victora, Cesar/0000-0002-2465-2180; Hallal, Pedro/0000-0003-1470-6461;
   Horta, Bernardo/0000-0001-9843-412X; Prabhakaran,
   Dorairaj/0000-0002-3172-834X; Stein, Aryeh/0000-0003-1138-6458
FU Wellcome Trust of the United Kingdom; US National Institutes of Health
   and the US National Science Foundation; Wellcome Trust's Health; US
   National Center for Health Statistics and the Indian Council of Medical
   Research; British Heart Foundation; Indian Council of Medical Research;
   Human Sciences Research Council; South African Medical Research Council;
   Mellon Foundation; Anglo American Chairman's Fund; Cebu, Philippines; US
   National Institutes of Health; Fogarty International Center [R01
   TW05596]; Medical Research Council [G0400519, MC_U147585821,
   U1475000003]
FX Supported by a grant from the Wellcome Trust of the United Kingdom.
   Funding for each of the individual cohort studies was as follows:
   Guatemala INTC (US National Institutes of Health and the US National
   Science Foundation), Pelotas (recent phases of the cohort study
   supported by the Wellcome Trust's Health Consequences of Population
   Change Programme), New Delhi (original cohort study supported by the US
   National Center for Health Statistics and the Indian Council of Medical
   Research; more recent phases supported by the British Heart Foundation,
   the Medical Research Council UK, and the Indian Council of Medical
   Research), Birth-to-Twenty (the Wellcome Trust, Human Sciences Research
   Council, South African Medical Research Council, the Mellon Foundation,
   the South-African Netherlands Programme on Alternative Development, and
   the Anglo American Chairman's Fund), and Cebu, Philippines (most recent
   follow-up surveys supported by the US National Institutes of Health,
   Fogarty International Center R01 TW05596).
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NR 48
TC 102
Z9 107
U1 0
U2 11
PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998
   USA
SN 0002-9165
J9 AM J CLIN NUTR
JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr.
PD MAY 1
PY 2009
VL 89
IS 5
BP 1383
EP 1392
DI 10.3945/ajcn.2008.27139
PG 10
WC Nutrition & Dietetics
SC Nutrition & Dietetics
GA 436EB
UT WOS:000265394300016
PM 19297457
OA Bronze, Green Published
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Reitsma, MB
   Fullman, N
   Ng, M
   Salama, JS
   Abajobir, A
   Abate, KH
   Abbafati, C
   Abera, SF
   Abraham, B
   Abyu, GY
   Adebiyi, AO
   Al-Aly, Z
   Aleman, AV
   Ali, R
   Al Alkerwi, A
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   Al-Raddadi, RM
   Amare, AT
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   Ammar, W
   Amrock, SM
   Antonio, CAT
   Asayesh, H
   Atnafu, NT
   Azzopardi, P
   Banerjee, A
   Barac, A
   Barrientos-Gutierrez, T
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   Bazargan-Hejazi, S
   Bedi, N
   Bell, B
   Bello, AK
   Bensenor, IM
   Beyene, AS
   Bhala, N
   Biryukov, S
   Bolt, K
   Brenner, H
   Butt, Z
   Cavalleri, F
   Cercy, K
   Chen, HL
   Christopher, DJ
   Ciobanu, LG
   Colistro, V
   Colomar, M
   Cornaby, L
   Dai, XC
   Damtew, SA
   Dandona, L
   Dandona, R
   Dansereau, E
   Davletov, K
   Dayama, A
   Degfie, TT
   Deribew, A
   Dharmaratne, SD
   Dimtsu, BD
   Doyle, KE
   Endries, AY
   Ermakov, SP
   Estep, K
   Faraon, EJA
   Farzadfar, F
   Feigin, VL
   Feigl, AB
   Fischer, F
   Friedman, J
   Ghiwot, TT
   Gall, SL
   Gao, WN
   Gillum, RF
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   Gopalani, SV
   Gotay, CC
   Gupta, R
   Gupta, R
   Gupta, V
   Hamadeh, RR
   Hankey, G
   Harb, HL
   Hay, SI
   Horino, M
   Horita, N
   Hosgood, HD
   Husseini, A
   Ileanu, BV
   Islami, F
   Jiang, GH
   Jiang, Y
   Jonas, JB
   Kabir, Z
   Kamal, R
   Kasaeian, A
   Kesavachandran, CN
   Khader, YS
   Khalil, I
   Khang, YH
   Khera, S
   Khubchandani, J
   Kim, D
   Kim, YJ
   Kimokoti, RW
   Kinfu, Y
   Knibbs, LD
   Kokubo, Y
   Kolte, D
   Kopec, J
   Kosen, S
   Kotsakis, GA
   Koul, PA
   Koyanagi, A
   Krohn, KJ
   Krueger, H
   Defo, BK
   Bicer, BK
   Kulkarni, C
   Kumar, GA
   Leasher, JL
   Lee, A
   Leinsalu, M
   Li, T
   Linn, S
   Liu, P
   Liu, SW
   Lo, LT
   Lopez, AD
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   Abd El Razek, HM
   Majeed, A
   Malekzadeh, R
   Malta, DC
   Manamo, WA
   Martinez-Raga, J
   Mekonnen, AB
   Mendoza, W
   Miller, TR
   Mohammad, KA
   Morawska, L
   Musa, KI
   Nagel, G
   Neupane, SP
   Nguyen, Q
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   Mahesh, PA
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   Patton, GC
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   Rai, RK
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   Shishani, K
   Shiue, I
   Sigfusdottir, ID
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   Singh, V
   Slepak, EL
   Soneji, S
   Soriano, JB
   Soshnikov, S
   Sreeramareddy, CT
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   Swaminathan, S
   Szoeke, CEI
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   Tsilimparis, N
   Tymeson, H
   Ukwaja, KN
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   Violante, FS
   Vladimirov, SK
   Vlassov, V
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   Yano, YCR
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   Yonemoto, N
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   Younis, MZ
   Yu, CH
   Zaidi, Z
   Zaki, ME
   Zhang, AL
   Zipkin, B
   Murray, CJL
   Forouzanfar, MH
   Gakidou, E
AF Reitsma, Marissa B.
   Fullman, Nancy
   Ng, Marie
   Salama, Joseph S.
   Abajobir, Amanuel
   Abate, Kalkidan Hassen
   Abbafati, Cristiana
   Abera, Semaw Ferede
   Abraham, Biju
   Abyu, Gebre Yitayih
   Adebiyi, Akindele Olupelumi
   Al-Aly, Ziyad
   Aleman, Alicia V.
   Ali, Raghib
   Al Alkerwi, Ala'a
   Allebeck, Peter
   Al-Raddadi, Rajaa Mohammad
   Amare, Azmeraw T.
   Amberbir, Alemayehu
   Ammar, Walid
   Amrock, Stephen Marc
   Antonio, Carl Abelardo T.
   Asayesh, Hamid
   Atnafu, Niguse Tadela
   Azzopardi, Peter
   Banerjee, Amitava
   Barac, Aleksandra
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   Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad
   Bedi, Neeraj
   Bell, Brent
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   Bensenor, Isabela M.
   Beyene, Addisu Shunu
   Bhala, Neeraj
   Biryukov, Stan
   Bolt, Kaylin
   Brenner, Hermann
   Butt, Zahid
   Cavalleri, Fiorella
   Cercy, Kelly
   Chen, Honglei
   Christopher, Devasahayam Jesudas
   Ciobanu, Liliana G.
   Colistro, Valentina
   Colomar, Mercedes
   Cornaby, Leslie
   Dai, Xiaochen
   Damtew, Solomon Abrha
   Dandona, Lalit
   Dandona, Rakhi
   Dansereau, Emily
   Davletov, Kairat
   Dayama, Anand
   Degfie, Tizta Tilahun
   Deribew, Amare
   Dharmaratne, Samath D.
   Dimtsu, Balem Demtsu
   Doyle, Kerrie E.
   Endries, Aman Yesuf
   Ermakov, Sergey Petrovich
   Estep, Kara
   Faraon, Emerito Jose Aquino
   Farzadfar, Farshad
   Feigin, Valery L.
   Feigl, Andrea B.
   Fischer, Florian
   Friedman, Joseph
   Ghiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde
   Gall, Seana L.
   Gao, Wayne
   Gillum, Richard F.
   Gold, Audra L.
   Gopalani, Sameer Vali
   Gotay, Carolyn C.
   Gupta, Rahul
   Gupta, Rajeev
   Gupta, Vipin
   Hamadeh, Randah Ribhi
   Hankey, Graeme
   Harb, Hilda L.
   Hay, Simon I.
   Horino, Masako
   Horita, Nobuyuki
   Hosgood, H. Dean
   Husseini, Abdullatif
   Ileanu, Bogdan Vasile
   Islami, Farhad
   Jiang, Guohong
   Jiang, Ying
   Jonas, Jost B.
   Kabir, Zubair
   Kamal, Ritul
   Kasaeian, Amir
   Kesavachandran, Chandrasekharan Nair
   Khader, Yousef S.
   Khalil, Ibrahim
   Khang, Young-Ho
   Khera, Sahil
   Khubchandani, Jagdish
   Kim, Daniel
   Kim, Yun Jin
   Kimokoti, Ruth W.
   Kinfu, Yohannes
   Knibbs, Luke D.
   Kokubo, Yoshihiro
   Kolte, Dhaval
   Kopec, Jacek
   Kosen, Soewarta
   Kotsakis, Georgios A.
   Koul, Parvaiz A.
   Koyanagi, Ai
   Krohn, Kristopher J.
   Krueger, Hans
   Defo, Barthelemy Kuate
   Bicer, Burcu Kucuk
   Kulkarni, Chanda
   Kumar, G. Anil
   Leasher, Janet L.
   Lee, Alexander
   Leinsalu, Mall
   Li, Tong
   Linn, Shai
   Liu, Patrick
   Liu, Shiwei
   Lo, Loon-Tzian
   Lopez, Alan D.
   Ma, Stefan
   Abd El Razek, Hassan Magdy
   Majeed, Azeem
   Malekzadeh, Reza
   Malta, Deborah Carvalho
   Manamo, Wondimu Ayele
   Martinez-Raga, Jose
   Mekonnen, Alemayehu Berhane
   Mendoza, Walter
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   Morawska, Lidia
   Musa, Kamarul Imran
   Nagel, Gabriele
   Neupane, Sudan Prasad
   Quyen Nguyen
   Nguyen, Grant
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   Mahesh, P. A.
   Pana, Adrian
   Park, Eun-Kee
   Patil, Snehal T.
   Patton, George C.
   Pedro, Joao
   Qorbani, Mostafa
   Rafay, Anwar
   Rahman, Mahfuzar
   Rai, Rajesh Kumar
   Ram, Usha
   Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal
   Refaat, Amany H.
   Reinig, Nickolas
   Roba, Hirbo Shore
   Rodriguez, Alina
   Roman, Yesenia
   Roth, Gregory
   Roy, Ambuj
   Sagar, Rajesh
   Salomon, Joshua
   Sanabria, Juan
   Santos, Itamar de Souza
   Sartorius, Benn
   Satpathy, Maheswar
   Sawhney, Monika
   Sawyer, Susan
   Saylan, Mete
   Schaub, Michael P.
   Schluger, Neil
   Schutte, Aletta Elisabeth
   Sepanlou, Sadaf G.
   Serdar, Berrin
   Shaikh, Masood Ali
   She, Jun
   Shin, Min-Jeong
   Shiri, Rahman
   Shishani, Kawkab
   Shiue, Ivy
   Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora
   Silverberg, Jonathan I.
   Singh, Jasvinder
   Singh, Virendra
   Slepak, Erica Leigh
   Soneji, Samir
   Soriano, Joan B.
   Soshnikov, Sergey
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   Swaminathan, Soumya
   Szoeke, Cassandra E. I.
   Tefera, Worku Mekonnen
   Topor-Madry, Roman
   Tran, Bach
   Tsilimparis, Nikolaos
   Tymeson, Hayley
   Ukwaja, Kingsley Nnanna
   Updike, Rachel
   Uthman, Olalekan A.
   Violante, Francesco Saverio
   Vladimirov, Sergey K.
   Vlassov, Vasiliy
   Vollset, Stein Emil
   Vos, Theo
   Weiderpass, Elisabete
   Wen, Chi-Pan
   Werdecker, Andrea
   Wilson, Shelley
   Wubshet, Mamo
   Xiao, Lin
   Yakob, Bereket
   Yano, Yuichiro
   Ye, Penpeng
   Yonemoto, Naohiro
   Yoon, Seok-Jun
   Younis, Mustafa Z.
   Yu, Chuanhua
   Zaidi, Zoubida
   Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed
   Zhang, Anthony Lin
   Zipkin, Ben
   Murray, Christopher J. L.
   Forouzanfar, Mohammad H.
   Gakidou, Emmanuela
CA GBD 2015 Tobacco Collaborators
TI Smoking prevalence and attributable disease burden in 195 countries and
   territories, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of
   Disease Study 2015
SO LANCET
LA English
DT Article
ID TOBACCO CONTROL POLICIES; SELF-REPORTED SMOKING; FRAMEWORK CONVENTION;
   LIFE EXPECTANCY; HEALTH; MORTALITY; IMPACT; IMPLEMENTATION; RISKS;
   PROMOTION
AB Background The scale-up of tobacco control, especially after the adoption of the Framework Convention for Tobacco Control, is a major public health success story. Nonetheless, smoking remains a leading risk for early death and disability worldwide, and therefore continues to require sustained political commitment. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) offers a robust platform through which global, regional, and national progress toward achieving smoking-related targets can be assessed.
   Methods We synthesised 2818 data sources with spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression and produced estimates of daily smoking prevalence by sex, age group, and year for 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2015. We analysed 38 risk-outcome pairs to generate estimates of smoking-attributable mortality and disease burden, as measured by disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs). We then performed a cohort analysis of smoking prevalence by birth-year cohort to better understand temporal age patterns in smoking. We also did a decomposition analysis, in which we parsed out changes in all-cause smoking-attributable DALYs due to changes in population growth, population ageing, smoking prevalence, and risk-deleted DALY rates. Finally, we explored results by level of development using the Socio-demographic Index (SDI).
   Findings Worldwide, the age-standardised prevalence of daily smoking was 25.0% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 24.2-25.7) for men and 5.4% (5.1-5.7) for women, representing 28.4% (25.8-31.1) and 34.4% (29.4-38.6) reductions, respectively, since 1990. A greater percentage of countries and territories achieved significant annualised rates of decline in smoking prevalence from 1990 to 2005 than in between 2005 and 2015; however, only four countries had significant annualised increases in smoking prevalence between 2005 and 2015 (Congo [Brazzaville] and Azerbaijan for men and Kuwait and Timor-Leste for women). In 2015, 11.5% of global deaths (6.4 million [95% UI 5.7-7.0 million]) were attributable to smoking worldwide, of which 52.2% took place in four countries (China, India, the USA, and Russia). Smoking was ranked among the five leading risk factors by DALYs in 109 countries and territories in 2015, rising from 88 geographies in 1990. In terms of birth cohorts, male smoking prevalence followed similar age patterns across levels of SDI, whereas much more heterogeneity was found in age patterns for female smokers by level of development. While smoking prevalence and risk-deleted DALY rates mostly decreased by sex and SDI quintile, population growth, population ageing, or a combination of both, drove rises in overall smoking-attributable DALYs in low-SDI to middle-SDI geographies between 2005 and 2015.
   Interpretation The pace of progress in reducing smoking prevalence has been heterogeneous across geographies, development status, and sex, and as highlighted by more recent trends, maintaining past rates of decline should not be taken for granted, especially in women and in low-SDI to middle-SDI countries. Beyond the effect of the tobacco industry and societal mores, a crucial challenge facing tobacco control initiatives is that demographic forces are poised to heighten smoking's global toll, unless progress in preventing initiation and promoting cessation can be substantially accelerated. Greater success in tobacco control is possible but requires effective, comprehensive, and adequately implemented and enforced policies, which might in turn require global and national levels of political commitment beyond what has been achieved during the past 25 years.
C1 [Reitsma, Marissa B.; Fullman, Nancy; Ng, Marie; Salama, Joseph S.; Bell, Brent; Biryukov, Stan; Bolt, Kaylin; Cercy, Kelly; Cornaby, Leslie; Dai, Xiaochen; Dandona, Lalit; Dandona, Rakhi; Dansereau, Emily; Estep, Kara; Friedman, Joseph; Gold, Audra L.; Hay, Simon I.; Khalil, Ibrahim; Kotsakis, Georgios A.; Krohn, Kristopher J.; Lee, Alexander; Liu, Patrick; Nguyen, Grant; Reinig, Nickolas; Roman, Yesenia; Roth, Gregory; Slepak, Erica Leigh; Subart, Michelle L.; Tymeson, Hayley; Updike, Rachel; Vollset, Stein Emil; Vos, Theo; Wilson, Shelley; Zipkin, Ben; Murray, Christopher J. L.; Forouzanfar, Mohammad H.; Gakidou, Emmanuela] Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA.
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   [Abate, Kalkidan Hassen; Ghiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde] Jimma Univ, Jimma, Ethiopia.
   [Abbafati, Cristiana] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
   [Abera, Semaw Ferede] Univ Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany.
   [Abraham, Biju] NMSM Govt Coll Kalpetta, Kalpetta, Kerala, India.
   [Abera, Semaw Ferede; Abyu, Gebre Yitayih; Dimtsu, Balem Demtsu] Mekelle Univ, Mekelle, Ethiopia.
   [Adebiyi, Akindele Olupelumi] Univ Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
   [Al-Aly, Ziyad] Washington Univ, St Louis, MO USA.
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   [Ali, Raghib; Deribew, Amare; Hay, Simon I.] Univ Oxford, Oxford, England.
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   [Atnafu, Niguse Tadela] Mizan Tepi Univ, Mizan Teferi, Ethiopia.
   [Atnafu, Niguse Tadela] PMA 2020, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
   [Azzopardi, Peter] Univ Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.
   [Azzopardi, Peter] South Australian Hlth & Med Res Inst, Murdoch Childrens Res Inst, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
   [Banerjee, Amitava; Pedro, Joao] Bucharest Univ Econ Studies, Bucharest, Romania.
   [Barac, Aleksandra] Univ Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
   [Barrientos-Gutierrez, Tonatiuh; Tefera, Worku Mekonnen] Univ Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
   [Basto-Abreu, Ana Cristina] Univ Montreal, Montreal, PQ, Canada.
   [Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad] Charles R Drew Univ Med & Sci, 1621 E 120th St, Los Angeles, CA 90059 USA.
   [Bedi, Neeraj] Coll Publ Hlth & Trop Med, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
   [Bello, Aminu K.] Univ Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
   [Bensenor, Isabela M.] Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
   [Beyene, Addisu Shunu; Roba, Hirbo Shore] Haramaya Univ, Harar, Ethiopia.
   [Bhala, Neeraj] Queen Elizabeth Hosp Birmingham, Birmingham, W Midlands, England.
   [Bhala, Neeraj] Univ Otago, Sch Med, Otago, New Zealand.
   [Brenner, Hermann] German Canc Res Ctr, Heidelberg, Germany.
   [Butt, Zahid] Al Shifa Trust Eye Hosp, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
   [Chen, Honglei] Michigan State Univ, Lansing, MI USA.
   [Christopher, Devasahayam Jesudas] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [Ciobanu, Liliana G.] New York Med Coll, Valhalla, NY 10595 USA.
   [Colistro, Valentina] Minist Salud Publ, Montevideo, Uruguay.
   [Colomar, Mercedes] UNICEM, Montevideo, Uruguay.
   [Damtew, Solomon Abrha] Wolaita Sodo Univ, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia.
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RP Gakidou, E (reprint author), Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA.
EM gakidou@uw.edu
RI Koyanagi, Ai/D-3833-2018; Martinez-Raga, Jose/B-6251-2017; Schutte,
   Aletta/E-5126-2018; UBneuro, UBneuro/U-8656-2017; Musa, Kamarul
   Imran/N-3198-2015; Stein, Dan/A-1752-2008; Patton, George/B-5246-2013;
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   Hermann/B-4627-2017; Malekzadeh, Reza/U-1382-2017; Nagel,
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   B/O-1215-2017; Ukwaja, Kingsley/A-7794-2013; Satpathy,
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   Elisabete/M-4029-2016; Kasaeian, Amir/C-8290-2017
OI Koyanagi, Ai/0000-0002-9565-5004; Martinez-Raga,
   Jose/0000-0002-2856-6562; Schutte, Aletta/0000-0001-9217-4937; Musa,
   Kamarul Imran/0000-0002-3708-0628; Stein, Dan/0000-0001-7218-7810;
   Patton, George/0000-0001-5039-8326; Violante,
   Francesco/0000-0003-4084-2782; Leinsalu, Mall/0000-0003-4453-4760; El
   Sayed Zaki, Maysaa/0000-0001-5431-0248; Santos,
   Itamar/0000-0003-3212-8466; Brenner, Hermann/0000-0002-6129-1572;
   Malekzadeh, Reza/0000-0002-9820-6335; Nagel,
   Gabriele/0000-0001-6185-8535; Malta, Deborah/0000-0002-8214-5734;
   Soriano, Joan B/0000-0001-9740-2994; Ukwaja,
   Kingsley/0000-0002-1974-8735; Satpathy, Maheswar/0000-0003-3521-4781;
   Hankey, Graeme/0000-0002-6044-7328; Weiderpass,
   Elisabete/0000-0003-2237-0128; Kasaeian, Amir/0000-0003-2018-9368;
   Neupane, Sudan Prasad/0000-0002-7389-4178; Refaat,
   Amany/0000-0002-0501-6146; Kuate Defo, Barthelemy/0000-0002-6589-0564;
   singh, jasvinder/0000-0003-3485-0006; Morawska,
   Lidia/0000-0002-0594-9683; Abajobir, Amanuel Alemu/0000-0002-6878-0627;
   Sepanlou, Sadaf/0000-0002-3669-5129; Khang,
   Young-Ho/0000-0002-9585-8266; Antonio, Carl
   Abelardo/0000-0001-7476-0553; Rodriguez, Alina/0000-0003-1209-8802; Hay,
   Simon/0000-0002-0611-7272; Soshnikov, Sergey/0000-0002-6983-7066; Amare,
   Azmeraw T./0000-0002-7940-0335; Qorbani, Mostafa/0000-0001-9465-7588;
   Vladimirov, Sergey/0000-0003-3341-3533; Linn, Shai/0000-0002-0867-2958;
   Alkerwi, Ala'a/0000-0002-7448-3936; Uthman,
   Olalekan/0000-0002-8567-3081; Leasher, Janet/0000-0002-8779-5162;
   Islami, Farhad/0000-0002-7357-5994; Vlassov,
   Vasiliy/0000-0001-5203-549X; Barrientos-Gutierrez,
   Tonatiuh/0000-0002-0826-9106; Chen, Honglei/0000-0003-3446-7779;
   Farzadfar, Farshad/0000-0001-8288-4046; Pedro, Joao/0000-0003-2405-521X;
   khader, yousef/0000-0002-7830-6857
FU Bill AMP; Melinda Gates Foundation; Bloomberg Philanthropies; Bill AMP;
   Melinda Gates Foundation; Bloomberg Philanthropies
FX Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and Bloomberg Philanthropies.
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NR 75
TC 97
Z9 99
U1 17
U2 76
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 0140-6736
EI 1474-547X
J9 LANCET
JI Lancet
PD MAY 13
PY 2017
VL 389
IS 10082
BP 1885
EP 1906
DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30819-X
PG 22
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA EU4AZ
UT WOS:000400973500025
PM 28390697
OA Green Published, Other Gold
HC Y
HP N
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Gladstone, BP
   Ramani, S
   Mukhopadhya, I
   Muliyil, J
   Sarkar, R
   Rehman, AM
   Jaffar, S
   Gomara, MI
   Gray, JJ
   Brown, DWG
   Desselberger, U
   Crawford, SE
   John, J
   Babji, S
   Estes, MK
   Kang, G
AF Gladstone, Beryl P.
   Ramani, Sasirekha
   Mukhopadhya, Indrani
   Muliyil, Jayaprakash
   Sarkar, Rajiv
   Rehman, Andrea M.
   Jaffar, Shabbar
   Gomara, Miren Iturriza
   Gray, James J.
   Brown, David W. G.
   Desselberger, Ulrich
   Crawford, Sue E.
   John, Jacob
   Babji, Sudhir
   Estes, Mary K.
   Kang, Gagandeep
TI Protective Effect of Natural Rotavirus Infection in an Indian Birth
   Cohort
SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; COMMUNITY COHORT; CHILDREN; VACCINE;
   EFFICACY; DIARRHEA; INFANTS; DISEASE; IMMUNITY; SAFETY
AB BACKGROUND
   More than 500,000 deaths are attributed to rotavirus gastroenteritis annually worldwide, with the highest mortality in India. Two successive, naturally occurring rotavirus infections have been shown to confer complete protection against moderate or severe gastroenteritis during subsequent infections in a birth cohort in Mexico. We studied the protective effect of rotavirus infection on subsequent infection and disease in a birth cohort in India (where the efficacy of oral vaccines in general has been lower than expected).
   METHODS
   We recruited children at birth in urban slums in Vellore; they were followed for 3 years after birth, with home visits twice weekly. Stool samples were collected every 2 weeks, as well as on alternate days during diarrheal episodes, and were tested by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and polymerase-chain-reaction assay. Serum samples were obtained every 6 months and evaluated for seroconversion, defined as an increase in the IgG antibody level by a factor of 4 or in the IgA antibody level by a factor of 3.
   RESULTS
   Of 452 recruited children, 373 completed 3 years of follow-up. Rotavirus infection generally occurred early in life, with 56% of children infected by 6 months of age. Levels of reinfection were high, with only approximately 30% of all infections identified being primary. Protection against moderate or severe disease increased with the order of infection but was only 79% after three infections. With G1P[8], the most common viral strain, there was no evidence of homotypic protection.
   CONCLUSIONS
   Early infection and frequent reinfection in a locale with high viral diversity resulted in lower protection than has been reported elsewhere, providing a possible explanation why rotavirus vaccines have had lower-than-expected efficacy in Asia and Africa. (Funded by the Wellcome Trust.)
C1 [Gladstone, Beryl P.; Ramani, Sasirekha; Mukhopadhya, Indrani; Sarkar, Rajiv; Babji, Sudhir; Kang, Gagandeep] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Gastrointestinal Sci, Wellcome Trust Res Lab, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [Muliyil, Jayaprakash; John, Jacob] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Community Hlth, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [Gladstone, Beryl P.] Univ Med Ctr Freiburg, Inst Med Biometry & Med Informat, Clin Epidemiol Grp, Freiburg, Germany.
   [Ramani, Sasirekha; Crawford, Sue E.; Estes, Mary K.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol Virol & Microbiol, Houston, TX 77030 USA.
   [Mukhopadhya, Indrani] Univ Aberdeen, Sch Med, Inst Med Sci, Gastrointestinal Res Grp, Aberdeen AB9 2ZD, Scotland.
   [Gray, James J.] Norfolk & Norwich Univ Hosp, Specialist Virol Lab, Norwich, Norfolk, England.
   [Desselberger, Ulrich] Univ Cambridge, Addenbrookes Hosp, Dept Med, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, England.
   [Rehman, Andrea M.; Jaffar, Shabbar] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Infect Dis Epidemiol, London, England.
   [Gomara, Miren Iturriza; Gray, James J.; Brown, David W. G.] Hlth Protect Agcy, Ctr Infect, Enter Virus Unit, London, England.
RP Kang, G (reprint author), Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Gastrointestinal Sci, Wellcome Trust Res Lab, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India.
EM gkang@cmcvellore.ac.in
RI Iturriza Gomara, Miren/B-4351-2013
OI Iturriza Gomara, Miren/0000-0001-5816-6423; Mukhopadhya,
   Indrani/0000-0003-2577-518X; John, Jacob/0000-0003-3654-5099; Rehman,
   Andrea/0000-0001-9967-5822
FU Wellcome Trust; Medical Research Council [G0700837]
FX Supported by the Wellcome Trust.
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NR 33
TC 97
Z9 101
U1 0
U2 4
PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC
PI WALTHAM
PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA
SN 0028-4793
J9 NEW ENGL J MED
JI N. Engl. J. Med.
PD JUL 28
PY 2011
VL 365
IS 4
BP 337
EP 346
DI 10.1056/NEJMoa1006261
PG 10
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA 798AJ
UT WOS:000293172200012
PM 21793745
OA Green Published, Green Accepted
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Stein, AD
   Wang, M
   Martorell, R
   Norris, SA
   Adair, LS
   Bas, I
   Sachdev, HS
   Bhargava, SK
   Fall, CHD
   Gigante, DP
   Victora, CG
AF Stein, Aryeh D.
   Wang, Meng
   Martorell, Reynaldo
   Norris, Shane A.
   Adair, Linda S.
   Bas, Isabelita
   Sachdev, Harshpal Singh
   Bhargava, Santosh K.
   Fall, Caroline H. D.
   Gigante, Denise P.
   Victora, Cesar G.
CA Cohorts Grp
TI Growth Patterns in Early Childhood and Final Attained Stature: Data from
   Five Birth Cohorts from Low- And Middle-Income Countries
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID BODY-MASS INDEX; SECULAR TRENDS; YOUNG-ADULTS; CHILDREN; HEIGHT; SIZE;
   PROFILE; HEALTH; UNDERNUTRITION; CONSEQUENCES
AB Growth failure is cumulative, and short stature is associated with multiple indices of reduced human capital. Few studies have been able to address in a single analysis both consideration of the timing of growth failure and comparison across populations. We analyzed data from birth cohorts in Brazil, Guatemala, India, the Philippines, and South Africa (n = 4,659). We used data on length at birth (available for three of the five cohorts), 12 mo, 24 mo, and mid-childhood to construct cohort- and sex- specific conditional length measures. We modeled adult height as a function of conditional length in childhood. The five cohorts experienced varying degrees of growth failure. As adults, the Brazil sample was 0.35 +/- 0.89 standard deviations (SD) below the World Health Organization reference, while adult Guatemalans were 1.91 +/- 0.87 SD below the reference. All five cohorts experienced a nadir in height for age Z-score at 24 mo. Birth length (in the three cohorts with this variable), and conditional length at 12 mo (in all five cohorts) were the most strongly associated with adult height. Growth in the periods 12-24 mo and 24 mo to mid-childhood showed inconsistent patterns across tertiles of adult height. Despite variation in the magnitude of cumulative growth failure across cohorts, the five cohorts show highly consistent age-specific associations with adult stature. Growth failure prior to age 12 mo was most strongly associated with adult stature. These consistencies speak to the importance of interventions to address intrauterine growth failure and growth failure in the first 12 mo of life. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 22:353-359, 2010. (C) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
C1 [Stein, Aryeh D.; Wang, Meng; Martorell, Reynaldo] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Hubert Dept Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.
   [Norris, Shane A.] Univ Witwatersrand, Birth Res Programme 20, Johannesburg, South Africa.
   [Norris, Shane A.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Paediat, Cambridge, England.
   [Adair, Linda S.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Nutr, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA.
   [Bas, Isabelita] Univ San Carlos, Off Populat Studies Fdn, Cebu, Philippines.
   [Sachdev, Harshpal Singh] Sitaram Bhartia Inst Sci & Res, Dept Pediat, New Delhi, India.
   [Bhargava, Santosh K.] SL Jain Hosp, Dept Pediat, Delhi, India.
   [Fall, Caroline H. D.] Univ Southampton, MRC Epidemiol Resource Ctr, Southampton, Hants, England.
   [Gigante, Denise P.; Victora, Cesar G.] Univ Fed Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.
RP Stein, AD (reprint author), Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Hubert Dept Global Hlth, 1518 Clifton Rd NE,748, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.
EM aryeh.stein@emory.edu
RI Horta, Bernardo/A-7604-2008; Victora, Cesar/D-4476-2013; Martorell,
   Reynaldo/I-2539-2012; Hallal, Pedro/A-3249-2011; Epidemiologicas, Centro
   de pesquisas/D-4561-2013
OI Horta, Bernardo/0000-0001-9843-412X; Victora, Cesar/0000-0002-2465-2180;
   Hallal, Pedro/0000-0003-1470-6461; Osmond, Clive/0000-0002-9054-4655;
   Stein, Aryeh/0000-0003-1138-6458
FU Wellcome Trust (UK); U.S. National Institutes of Health; U.S. National
   Science Foundation; Nestle Foundation; Thrasher Foundation; American
   Heart Association; U.S. National Center for Health Statistics; Indian
   Council of Medical Research; British Heart Foundation; Medical Research
   Council UK; Fogarty International Center; Human Sciences Research
   Council; South African Medical Research Council; Mellon Foundation;
   University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg; Medical Research Council
   [U1475000003, G0400519, MC_U147585821]
FX Grant sponsors: Wellcome Trust (UK), U.S. National Institutes of Health,
   U.S. National Science Foundation, Nestle Foundation, Thrasher
   Foundation, American Heart Association, U.S. National Center for Health
   Statistics, Indian Council of Medical Research, British Heart
   Foundation, Medical Research Council UK, Fogarty International Center,
   Human Sciences Research Council, South African Medical Research Council,
   Mellon Foundation, the South-African Netherlands Programme, University
   of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg.
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NR 28
TC 94
Z9 97
U1 0
U2 11
PU WILEY-LISS
PI HOBOKEN
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA
SN 1042-0533
J9 AM J HUM BIOL
JI Am. J. Hum. Biol.
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2010
VL 22
IS 3
BP 353
EP 359
DI 10.1002/ajhb.20998
PG 7
WC Anthropology; Biology
SC Anthropology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics
GA 588ET
UT WOS:000277051100011
PM 19856426
OA Green Published
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Banerjee, I
   Ramani, S
   Primrose, B
   Moses, P
   Iturriza-Gomara, M
   Gray, JJ
   Jaffar, S
   Monica, B
   Muliyil, JP
   Brown, DW
   Estes, MK
   Kang, G
AF Banerjee, Indrani
   Ramani, Sasirekha
   Primrose, Beryl
   Moses, Prabhakar
   Iturriza-Gomara, Miren
   Gray, James J.
   Jaffar, Shabbar
   Monica, Bindhu
   Muliyil, Jaya Prakash
   Brown, David W.
   Estes, Mary K.
   Kang, Gagandeep
TI Comparative study of the epidemiology of rotavirus in children from a
   community-based birth cohort and a hospital in South India
SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID GROUP-A ROTAVIRUS; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; ACUTE DIARRHEA; MOLECULAR
   EPIDEMIOLOGY; P-TYPE; STRAINS; VACCINE; INFECTION; VP7; GENOTYPE
AB Rotavirus gastroenteritis is the major cause of severe dehydrating diarrhea in children worldwide. This study compares rotavirus diarrhea in 351 children in a community-based cohort and 343 children admitted to a hospital during the same period. Clinical information and fecal specimens were obtained during diarrheal episodes. Fecal samples were screened for VP6 antigen, and the positive samples were G and P typed by reverse transcription-PCR. Rotavirus was detected in 82/1,152 (7.1%) episodes of diarrhea in the community and 94/343 (27.4%) cases in the hospital. The median age of affected children (7.5 versus 10.5 months) and the mean severity of symptoms (Vesikari score, 7.6 +/- 3.4 versus 11 +/- 2.5) were lower in the community. A larger proportion of children in the community were breast-fed than were children admitted to the hospital (73% versus 34.8%). In the community, the genotypes identified in symptomatic patients, in order of frequency, were G1 (36.5%), G10 (17.1%), G2 (15.9%), and G9 (7.3%) and mixed infections (7.3%). The most common G-P combinations were GIP[8], G2P[4], GIP[4], and G10P[11]. The distribution of G types from hospitalized children was G1 (46.8%), G9 (19.1%), G2 (8.5%), G10 (1.1%), and 4.3% mixed infections. The most common G-P combinations were GIP[81 and G9P[8]. This study documents significant genetic heterogeneity of rotaviruses in the community and the hospital. G10P[11] strains resembling a vaccine candidate strain caused disease in the community, indicating the need for careful epidemiological studies as well as safety studies for the vaccine candidates.
C1 Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Gastrointestinal Sci, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India.
   Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Child Hlth Unit 3, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India.
   Hlth Protect Agcy, Ctr Infect, Virus Reference Dept, London, England.
   London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London WC1, England.
   Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol Virol & Microbiol, Houston, TX 77030 USA.
RP Kang, G (reprint author), Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Gastrointestinal Sci, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India.
EM gkang@cmcvellore.ac.in
RI Iturriza Gomara, Miren/B-4351-2013
OI Iturriza Gomara, Miren/0000-0001-5816-6423; Kang,
   Gagandeep/0000-0002-3656-564X; Mukhopadhya, Indrani/0000-0003-2577-518X
FU Medical Research Council [G0700837]; Wellcome Trust [063144]
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   Santos N, 2005, REV MED VIROL, V15, P29, DOI 10.1002/rmv.448
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NR 47
TC 87
Z9 87
U1 1
U2 5
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA
SN 0095-1137
EI 1098-660X
J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL
JI J. Clin. Microbiol.
PD JUL
PY 2006
VL 44
IS 7
BP 2468
EP 2474
DI 10.1128/JCM.01882-05
PG 7
WC Microbiology
SC Microbiology
GA 065JY
UT WOS:000239157400024
PM 16825366
OA Green Published, Bronze
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Baqui, AH
   El Arifeen, S
   Saha, SK
   Persson, L
   Zaman, K
   Gessner, BD
   Moulton, LH
   Black, RE
   Santosham, M
AF Baqui, Abdullah H.
   El Arifeen, Shams
   Saha, Samir K.
   Persson, LarsAke
   Zaman, K.
   Gessner, Bradford D.
   Moulton, Lawrence H.
   Black, Robert E.
   Santosham, Mathuram
TI Effectiveness of Haemophilus influenzae type B conjugate vaccine on
   prevention of pneumonia and meningitis in Bangladeshi children - A
   case-control study
SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE hib vaccine; effectiveness; case-control study; Bangladesh
ID BLOOD CULTURES; DISEASE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; DIAGNOSIS; EFFICACY; INFANTS;
   BURDEN
AB Background: Few Asian countries have introduced Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) conjugate vaccine because of its cost and uncertainty regarding disease burden.
   Methods: To estimate the effectiveness of Hib conjugate vaccine in preventing pneumonia and meningitis in children age <2 years, an incident case-control study was conducted in a birth cohort of about 68,000 infants in Dhaka city, Bangladesh. DPT vaccine was systematically replaced, by a combined Hib-DPT vaccine in selected immunization centers of the study area. Four matched community- and 2 hospital-controls were randomly selected for each confirmed case of pneumonia and meningitis from the study area.
   Results: About 35% of the infants received each of the 3 doses of Hib-DPT vaccine. There were 2679 children who had a chest roentgenogram. For 475 children, a radiologist and a pediatrician independently identified substantial alveolar consolidation. Following at least 2 doses of Hib vaccine, the preventable fractions [95% confidence intervals (CI)] using community and hospital controls were 17% (- 10% to 38%) and 35% (13% to 52%) respectively. Of these 475 cases, 2 radiologists with the World Health Organization concurred with the findings for 343 patients, yielding preventable fractions of 34% (6% to 53%) and 44% (20% to 61%). Fifteen confirmed Hib meningitis cases were identified; the preventable fractions (95% CI) using community and hospital controls, respectively, were 89% (28% to 100%) and 93% (53% to 100%).
   Conclusions: The study documented that significant fractions of pneumonia and meningitis in Bangladeshi children age <2 years can be prevented by the Hib conjugate vaccine.
C1 Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA.
   ICDDR B, Child Hlth Program, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
   Dhaka Shishu Hosp, Dept Microbiol, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
   Uppsala Univ, Uppsala, Sweden.
   Assoc Aide Med Prevent, Paris, France.
RP Baqui, AH (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Room E-8138,615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA.
EM abaqui@jhsph.edu
OI Moulton, Lawrence/0000-0001-7041-7387; Black, Robert/0000-0001-9926-7984
CR Baqui AH, 1998, B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN, V76, P161
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NR 26
TC 84
Z9 85
U1 0
U2 2
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA
SN 0891-3668
J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J
JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J.
PD JUL
PY 2007
VL 26
IS 7
BP 565
EP 571
DI 10.1097/INF.0b013e31806166a0
PG 7
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics
GA 185FS
UT WOS:000247697400003
PM 17596795
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Veena, SR
   Krishnaveni, GV
   Srinivasan, K
   Wills, AK
   Muthayya, S
   Kurpad, AV
   Yajnik, CS
   Fall, CHD
AF Veena, Sargoor R.
   Krishnaveni, Ghattu V.
   Srinivasan, Krishnamachari
   Wills, Andrew K.
   Muthayya, Sumithra
   Kurpad, Anura V.
   Yajnik, Chittaranjan S.
   Fall, Caroline H. D.
TI Higher Maternal Plasma Folate but Not Vitamin B-12 Concentrations during
   Pregnancy Are Associated with Better Cognitive Function Scores in 9-to
   10-Year-Old Children in South India
SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
LA English
DT Article
ID FOLIC-ACID; MICROBIOLOGICAL ASSAY; COBALAMIN STATUS; BRAIN-DEVELOPMENT;
   DEFICIENCY; WOMEN; HYPERHOMOCYSTEINEMIA; HOMOCYSTEINE; FETAL;
   NEURODEVELOPMENT
AB Folate and vitamin B-12 are essential for normal brain development. Few studies have examined the relationship of maternal folate and vitamin B-12 status during pregnancy and offspring cognitive function. To test the hypothesis that lower maternal plasma folate and vitamin B-12 concentrations and higher plasma homocysteine concentrations during pregnancy are associated with poorer neurodevelopment, 536 children (aged 9-10 y) from the Mysore Parthenon birth cohort underwent cognitive function assessment during 2007-2008 using 3 core tests from the Kaufman Assessment Battery, and additional tests measuring learning, long-term storage/retrieval, attention and concentration, and visuo-spatial and verbal abilities. Maternal folate, vitamin B-12, and homocysteine concentrations were measured at 30 +/- 2 wk gestation. During pregnancy, 4% of mothers had low folate concentrations (<7 nmol/L), 42.5% had low vitamin B-12 concentrations (<150 pmol/L), and 3% had hyperhomocysteinemia (>10 mu mol/L). The children's cognitive test scores increased by 0.1-0.2 SD per SD increase across the entire range of maternal folate concentrations (P < 0.001 for all), with no apparent associations at the deficiency level. The associations with learning, long-term storage/retrieval, visuo-spatial ability, attention, and concentration were independent of the parents' education, socioeconomic status, religion, and the child's sex, age, current size, and folate and vitamin B-12 concentrations. There were no consistent associations of maternal vitamin B-12 and homocysteine concentrations with childhood cognitive performance. In this Indian population, higher maternal folate, but not vitamin B-12, concentrations during pregnancy predicted better childhood cognitive ability. It also suggests that, in terms of neurodevelopment, the concentration used to define folate deficiency may be set too low. J. Nutr. 140: 1014-1022, 2010.
C1 [Veena, Sargoor R.; Krishnaveni, Ghattu V.] Holdsworth Mem Hosp, Epidemiol Res Unit, Mysore 570021, Karnataka, India.
   [Srinivasan, Krishnamachari; Muthayya, Sumithra; Kurpad, Anura V.] St Johns Natl Acad Hlth Sci, St Johns Res Inst, Bangalore 560034, Karnataka, India.
   [Wills, Andrew K.; Fall, Caroline H. D.] Southampton Gen Hosp, MRC, Epidemiol Resource Ctr, Southampton SO16 6YD, Hants, England.
   [Yajnik, Chittaranjan S.] King Edward Med Hosp, Diabet Unit, Pune 411011, Maharashtra, India.
RP Veena, SR (reprint author), Holdsworth Mem Hosp, Epidemiol Res Unit, Mysore 570021, Karnataka, India.
EM veenasr@gmail.com
OI Krishnaveni, Ghattu V/0000-0002-6532-8272
FU Wellcome Trust [079877/Z/06/Z]; Medical Research Council [G0400519];
   Medical Research Council [MC_U147585821, U1475000003, MC_UP_A620_1016]
FX Supported by The Wellcome Trust grant 079877/Z/06/Z and by Medical
   Research Council grant G0400519 (ID no.71108).
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NR 53
TC 78
Z9 81
U1 1
U2 8
PU AMER SOC NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA
SN 0022-3166
J9 J NUTR
JI J. Nutr.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 140
IS 5
BP 1014
EP 1022
DI 10.3945/jn.109.118075
PG 9
WC Nutrition & Dietetics
SC Nutrition & Dietetics
GA 589CI
UT WOS:000277121800021
PM 20335637
OA Green Accepted, Bronze
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Fall, CHD
   Sachdev, HS
   Osmond, C
   Lakshmy, R
   Biswas, SD
   Prabhakaran, D
   Tandon, N
   Ramji, S
   Reddy, KS
   Barker, DJP
   Bhargava, SK
AF Fall, Caroline H. D.
   Sachdev, Harshpal Singh
   Osmond, Clive
   Lakshmy, Ramakrishnan
   Biswas, Sushant Dey
   Prabhakaran, Dorairaj
   Tandon, Nikhil
   Ramji, Siddharth
   Reddy, K. Srinath
   Barker, David J. P.
   Bhargava, Santosh K.
TI Adult Metabolic Syndrome and Impaired Glucose Tolerance Are Associated
   With Different Patterns of BMI Gain During Infancy Data from the New
   Delhi birth cohort
SO DIABETES CARE
LA English
DT Article
ID BODY-MASS INDEX; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; HIGH
   PREVALENCE; YOUNG-ADULTS; RISK-FACTOR; CHILDHOOD; WEIGHT; GROWTH;
   ADIPOSITY
AB OBJECTIVE - The purpose of this study was to describe patterns of infant, childhood, and adolescent BMI and weight associated with adult metabolic risk factors for cardiovascular disease.
   RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - We measured waist circumference, blood pressure, glucose, insulin and lipid concentrations, and the prevalence Of Metabolic syndrome (National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III definition) in 1,492 men and women aged 26-32 years in Delhi, India, whose weight and height were recorded every 6 months throughout infancy (0-2 years), childhood (2-11 years), and adolescence (11 years-adult).
   RESULTS - Men and women With metabolic syndrome (29% overall), any of its component features, or higher (greater than upper quartile) insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment) had more rapid BMI or weight gain than the rest of the cohort throughout infancy, childhood, and adolescence. Glucose intolerance (impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes) was, like metabolic syndrome, associated with rapid BMI gain in childhood and adolescence but with lower BMI in infancy.
   CONCLUSIONS - in this Indian population, patterns of infant BMI and weight gain differed for individuals who developed metabolic syndrome (rapid gain) compared with those who developed glucose intolerance (low infant BMI). Rapid BMI gain during childhood and adolescence was a risk factor for both disorders.
C1 [Fall, Caroline H. D.; Osmond, Clive; Barker, David J. P.] MRC, Epidemiol Resource Ctr, Southampton, Hants, England.
   [Sachdev, Harshpal Singh] Sitaram Bhartia Inst Sci & Res, New Delhi, India.
   [Lakshmy, Ramakrishnan; Tandon, Nikhil] All India Inst Med Sci, New Delhi, India.
   [Biswas, Sushant Dey] Indian Council Med Res, New Delhi, India.
   [Prabhakaran, Dorairaj] Ctr Chron Dis Control, New Delhi, India.
   [Ramji, Siddharth] Maulana Azad Med Coll, New Delhi, India.
   [Reddy, K. Srinath] Publ Hlth Fdn India, New Delhi, India.
   [Bhargava, Santosh K.] Sunder Lal Jain Hosp, New Delhi, India.
RP Fall, CHD (reprint author), MRC, Epidemiol Resource Ctr, Southampton, Hants, England.
EM chdf@mrc.soton.ac.uk
RI Barker, David/A-5671-2013
OI Prabhakaran, Dorairaj/0000-0002-3172-834X; Osmond,
   Clive/0000-0002-9054-4655
FU Indian Council of Medical Research; National Institutes of Health
   (U.S.); British Heart Foundation; Medical Research Council (U.K.);
   Medical Research Council [MC_U147585821, U1475000003, G0400519]
FX We thank the participants and field and laboratory Staff. We acknowledge
   Dr. Shanti Ghosh and I.M. Moriyama who initiated the cohort study with
   Dr. Bhargava, Vinod Kapani for technical input, and Rajeshwari Verma and
   Bhaskar Singh for maintaining liaison with the cohort.
CR Baird J, 2005, BMJ-BRIT MED J, V331, P929, DOI 10.1136/bmj.38586.411273.E0
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NR 25
TC 77
Z9 77
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC
PI ALEXANDRIA
PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA
SN 0149-5992
J9 DIABETES CARE
JI Diabetes Care
PD DEC
PY 2008
VL 31
IS 12
BP 2349
EP 2356
DI 10.2337/dc08-0911
PG 8
WC Endocrinology & Metabolism
SC Endocrinology & Metabolism
GA 381RB
UT WOS:000261552500025
PM 18835958
OA Green Published, Green Accepted, Other Gold
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Norris, SA
   Osmond, C
   Gigante, D
   Kuzawa, CW
   Ramakrishnan, L
   Lee, NR
   Ramirez-Zea, M
   Richter, LM
   Stein, AD
   Tandon, N
   Fall, CHD
AF Norris, Shane A.
   Osmond, Clive
   Gigante, Denise
   Kuzawa, Christopher W.
   Ramakrishnan, Lakshmy
   Lee, Nanette R.
   Ramirez-Zea, Manual
   Richter, Linda M.
   Stein, Aryeh D.
   Tandon, Nikhil
   Fall, Caroline H. D.
CA COHORTS Grp
TI Size at Birth, Weight Gain in Infancy and Childhood, and Adult Diabetes
   Risk in Five Low- or Middle-Income Country Birth Cohorts
SO DIABETES CARE
LA English
DT Article
ID IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; YOUNG ADULTHOOD; GROWTH; FETAL; PROFILE;
   ORIGINS; OBESITY; MODEL; LIFE
AB OBJECTIVE-We examined associations of birth weight and weight gain in infancy and early childhood with type 2 diabetes (DM) risk in five cohorts from low- and middle-income countries.
   RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS-Participants were 6,511 young adults from Brazil, Guatemala, India, the Philippines, and South Africa. Exposures were weight at birth, at 24 and 48 months, and adult weight, and conditional weight gain (CWG, deviation from expected weight gain) between these ages. Outcomes were adult fasting glucose, impaired fasting glucose or DM (IFG/DM), and insulin resistance homeostasis model assessment (IR-HOMA, three cohorts).
   RESULTS-Birth weight was inversely associated with adult glucose and risk of IFG/DM (odds ratio 0.91 [95% CI 0.84-0.99] per SD). Weight at 24 and 48 months and CWG 0-24 and 24-48 months were unrelated to glucose and IFG/DM; however, CWG 48 months adulthood was positively related to IFG/DM (1.32 [1.22-1.43] per SD). After adjusting for adult waist circumference, birth weight, weight at 24 and 48 months and CWG 0-24 months were inversely associated with glucose and IFG/DM. Birth weight was unrelated to IR-HOMA, whereas greater CWG at 0-24 and 24-48 months and 48 months adulthood predicted higher IR-HOMA (all P < 0.001). After adjusting for adult waist circumference, birth weight was inversely related to IR-HOMA.
   CONCLUSIONS-Lower birth weight and accelerated weight gain after 48 months are risk factors for adult glucose intolerance. Accelerated weight gain between 0 and 24 months did not predict glucose intolerance but did predict higher insulin resistance.
C1 [Norris, Shane A.; Richter, Linda M.] Univ Witwatersrand, Fac Hlth Sci, MRC, Wits Dev Pathways Hlth Res Unit, Johannesburg, South Africa.
   [Osmond, Clive; Fall, Caroline H. D.] Univ Southampton, MRC, Lifecourse Epidemiol Unit, Southampton, Hants, England.
   [Gigante, Denise] Univ Fed Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
   [Kuzawa, Christopher W.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Anthropol, Evanston, IL 60208 USA.
   [Ramakrishnan, Lakshmy] All India Inst Med Sci, Dept Cardiac Biochem, New Delhi, India.
   [Lee, Nanette R.] Off Populat Studies Fdn, Cebu, Philippines.
   [Ramirez-Zea, Manual] Inst Nutr Cent Amer & Panama, Guatemala City, Guatemala.
   [Stein, Aryeh D.] Emory Univ, Hubert Dept Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.
   [Tandon, Nikhil] All India Inst Med Sci, Dept Endocrinol, New Delhi, India.
RP Norris, SA (reprint author), Univ Witwatersrand, Fac Hlth Sci, MRC, Wits Dev Pathways Hlth Res Unit, Johannesburg, South Africa.
EM san@global.co.za
RI Hallal, Pedro/A-3249-2011; Horta, Bernardo/A-7604-2008; Barros,
   Fernando/D-4857-2013; Epidemiologicas, Centro de pesquisas/D-4561-2013
OI Hallal, Pedro/0000-0003-1470-6461; Horta, Bernardo/0000-0001-9843-412X;
   Stein, Aryeh/0000-0003-1138-6458; Osmond, Clive/0000-0002-9054-4655;
   Victora, Cesar/0000-0002-2465-2180
FU Wellcome Trust (U.K.); Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation; INTCS
   (Guatemala)-U.S. National Institutes of Health; U.S. National Science
   Foundation; Pelotas Birth Cohort (Brazil) Wellcome Trust; New Delhi
   Birth Cohort Study (India) Indian Council of Medical Research; U.S.
   National Center for Health Statistics, Medical Research Council (U.K.);
   British Heart Foundation; BTT (South Africa)-Wellcome Trust; Human
   Sciences Research Council; South African Medical Research Council;
   South-African Netherlands Programme on Alternative Development,; Anglo
   American Chairman's Fund; University of the Witwatersrand; CLHNS (the
   Philippines)-U.S. National Institutes of Health; Medical Research
   Council [MC_UP_A620_1016]
FX COHORTS is supported by Wellcome Trust (U.K.) and the Bill and Melinda
   Gates Foundation. Funding for the individual cohorts was as follows:
   INTCS (Guatemala)-U.S. National Institutes of Health and U.S. National
   Science Foundation; Pelotas Birth Cohort (Brazil) Wellcome Trust; New
   Delhi Birth Cohort Study (India) Indian Council of Medical Research,
   U.S. National Center for Health Statistics, Medical Research Council
   (U.K.), and British Heart Foundation; BTT (South Africa)-Wellcome Trust,
   Human Sciences Research Council, South African Medical Research Council,
   South-African Netherlands Programme on Alternative Development, Anglo
   American Chairman's Fund, and University of the Witwatersrand; and CLHNS
   (the Philippines)-U.S. National Institutes of Health.
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NR 25
TC 74
Z9 76
U1 1
U2 10
PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC
PI ALEXANDRIA
PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA
SN 0149-5992
J9 DIABETES CARE
JI Diabetes Care
PD JAN
PY 2012
VL 35
IS 1
BP 72
EP 79
DI 10.2337/dc11-0456
PG 8
WC Endocrinology & Metabolism
SC Endocrinology & Metabolism
GA 871XV
UT WOS:000298771900013
PM 22100968
OA Other Gold, Green Published
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Fall, CHD
   Borja, JB
   Osmond, C
   Richter, L
   Bhargava, SK
   Martorell, R
   Stein, AD
   Barros, FC
   Victora, CG
AF Fall, Caroline H. D.
   Borja, Judith B.
   Osmond, Clive
   Richter, Linda
   Bhargava, Santosh K.
   Martorell, Reynaldo
   Stein, Aryeh D.
   Barros, Fernando C.
   Victora, Cesar G.
CA COHORTS Grp
TI Infant-feeding patterns and cardiovascular risk factors in young
   adulthood: data from five cohorts in low- and middle-income countries
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Infant feeding; breastfeeding; complementary feeding; blood pressure;
   diabetes; body composition
ID LATER BLOOD-PRESSURE; BODY-MASS INDEX; CHILD UNDERNUTRITION; SKINFOLD
   THICKNESS; PUBLISHED EVIDENCE; EARLY NUTRITION; BIRTH COHORT;
   WEIGHT-GAIN; LATER LIFE; OBESITY
AB Background Infant-feeding patterns may influence lifelong health. This study tested the hypothesis that longer duration of breastfeeding and later introduction of complementary foods in infancy are associated with reduced adult cardiovascular risk.
   Methods Data were pooled from 10 912 subjects in the age range of 15-41 years from five prospective birth-cohort studies in low-/middle-income countries (Brazil, Guatemala, India, Philippines and South Africa). Associations were examined between infant feeding (duration of breastfeeding and age at introduction of complementary foods) and adult blood pressure (BP), plasma glucose concentration and adiposity (skinfolds, waist circumference, percentage body fat and overweight/obesity). Analyses were adjusted for maternal socio-economic status, education, age, smoking, race and urban/rural residence and infant birth weight.
   Results There were no differences in outcomes between adults who were ever breastfed compared with those who were never breastfed. Duration of breastfeeding was not associated with adult diabetes prevalence or adiposity. There were U-shaped associations between duration of breastfeeding and systolic BP and hypertension; however, these were weak and inconsistent among the cohorts. Later introduction of complementary foods was associated with lower adult adiposity. Body mass index changed by -0.19kg/m(2) [95% confidence interval (CI) -0.37 to -0.01] and waist circumference by -0.45cm (95% CI -0.88 to -0.02) per 3-month increase in age at introduction of complementary foods.
   Conclusions There was no evidence that longer duration of breastfeeding is protective against adult hypertension, diabetes or overweight/adiposity in these low-/middle-income populations. Further research is required to determine whether 'exclusive' breastfeeding may be protective. Delaying complementary foods until 6 months, as recommended by the World Health Organization, may reduce the risk of adult overweight/adiposity, but the effect is likely to be small.
C1 [Fall, Caroline H. D.; Osmond, Clive] Univ Southampton, Southampton Gen Hosp, MRC Epidemiol Resource Ctr, Southampton SO16 6YD, Hants, England.
   [Borja, Judith B.] Univ San Carlos, Off Populat Studies Fdn, Cebu, Philippines.
   [Richter, Linda] Univ Witwatersrand, Human Sci Res Council, ZA-2050 Wits, South Africa.
   [Bhargava, Santosh K.] Sunder Lal Jain Hosp, New Delhi, India.
   [Martorell, Reynaldo; Stein, Aryeh D.] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Hubert Dept Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.
   [Barros, Fernando C.] Univ Catolica Pelotas, Postgrad Programme Hlth & Behav, Pelotas, Brazil.
   [Victora, Cesar G.] Univ Fed Pelotas, Postgrad Programme Epidemiol, Pelotas, Brazil.
RP Fall, CHD (reprint author), Univ Southampton, Southampton Gen Hosp, MRC Epidemiol Resource Ctr, Tremona Rd, Southampton SO16 6YD, Hants, England.
EM chdf@mrc.soton.ac.uk
RI Epidemiologicas, Centro de pesquisas/D-4561-2013; Barros,
   Fernando/D-4857-2013; Victora, Cesar/D-4476-2013; Horta,
   Bernardo/A-7604-2008; Hallal, Pedro/A-3249-2011; Martorell,
   Reynaldo/I-2539-2012
OI Victora, Cesar/0000-0002-2465-2180; Horta, Bernardo/0000-0001-9843-412X;
   Hallal, Pedro/0000-0003-1470-6461; Prabhakaran,
   Dorairaj/0000-0002-3172-834X; Osmond, Clive/0000-0002-9054-4655; popkin,
   barry/0000-0001-9495-9324; Stein, Aryeh/0000-0003-1138-6458
FU Wellcome Trust, UK; Wellcome Trust; US National Institutes of Health; US
   National Science Foundation; Nestle Foundation; Thrasher Foundation;
   American Heart Association; US National Center for Health Statistics;
   Indian Council of Medical Research; British Heart Foundation; Medical
   Research Council UK; Fogarty International Center; Human Sciences
   Research Council; South African Medical Research Council; Mellon
   Foundation; South-African Netherlands Programme on Alternative
   Development; Anglo American Chairman's Fund; Medical Research Council
   [MC_UP_A620_1016]
FX The COHORTS collaboration is funded by the Wellcome Trust, UK. Funding
   sources for each of the COHORTS sites are as follows: Brazil: Wellcome
   Trust. Guatemala: US National Institutes of Health, US National Science
   Foundation, Nestle Foundation, Thrasher Foundation and American Heart
   Association. India: US National Center for Health Statistics, Indian
   Council of Medical Research, British Heart Foundation, Medical Research
   Council UK. The Philippines: US National Institutes of Health, Fogarty
   International Center. South Africa: Wellcome Trust, Human Sciences
   Research Council, South African Medical Research Council, Mellon
   Foundation, South-African Netherlands Programme on Alternative
   Development and the Anglo American Chairman's Fund. All
   authors/researchers are independent of the funding bodies.
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NR 59
TC 73
Z9 79
U1 1
U2 16
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 0300-5771
J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL
JI Int. J. Epidemiol.
PD FEB
PY 2011
VL 40
IS 1
BP 47
EP 62
DI 10.1093/ije/dyq155
PG 16
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA 739MC
UT WOS:000288720900010
PM 20852257
OA Green Published, Bronze
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Tate, JE
   Chitambar, S
   Esposito, DH
   Sarkar, R
   Gladstone, B
   Ramani, S
   Raghava, MV
   Sowmyanarayanan, TV
   Gandhe, S
   Arora, R
   Parashar, UD
   Kang, G
AF Tate, Jacqueline E.
   Chitambar, Shobha
   Esposito, Douglas H.
   Sarkar, Rajiv
   Gladstone, Beryl
   Ramani, Sasirekha
   Raghava, Mohan Venkata
   Sowmyanarayanan, Thuppal V.
   Gandhe, Swati
   Arora, Rashmi
   Parashar, Umesh D.
   Kang, Gagandeep
TI Disease and economic burden of rotavirus diarrhoea in India
SO VACCINE
LA English
DT Article
DE Rotavirus; Disease burden; India
ID SOUTH-INDIA; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; BIRTH COHORT; CHILDREN; EPIDEMIOLOGY;
   VACCINATION; INFECTION; EFFICACY; VELLORE; SAFETY
AB We used published and unpublished studies and national statistics to estimate the number of deaths, hospitalizations, and outpatient visits due to rotavirus diarrhoea and the associated national economic burden of disease in India. Annually in India, rotavirus diarrhoea causes an estimated 122,000-153,000 deaths. 457,000-884,000 hospitalizations, and 2 million outpatient visits in children <5 years of age. India spends Rs 2.0-3.4 billion (US$ 41-72 million) annually in medical costs to treat rotavirus diarrhoea. The use of specific interventions against rotavirus, such as newly available vaccines, would help prevent much of this large disease and economic burden. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Kang, Gagandeep] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Gastrointestinal Sci, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [Tate, Jacqueline E.; Esposito, Douglas H.; Parashar, Umesh D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA.
   [Chitambar, Shobha; Gandhe, Swati] Natl Inst Virol, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
   [Arora, Rashmi] Indian Council Med Res, New Delhi, India.
RP Kang, G (reprint author), Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Gastrointestinal Sci, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India.
EM gkang@cmcvellore.ac.in
OI Mohan, Venkata Raghava/0000-0001-5787-7223
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NR 24
TC 71
Z9 73
U1 0
U2 8
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0264-410X
EI 1873-2518
J9 VACCINE
JI Vaccine
PD NOV 20
PY 2009
VL 27
SU 5
BP F18
EP F24
DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.08.098
PG 7
WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental
SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine
GA 541KQ
UT WOS:000273415000005
PM 19931713
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Fall, CHD
   Sachdev, HS
   Osmond, C
   Restrepo-Mendez, MC
   Victora, C
   Martorell, R
   Stein, AD
   Sinha, S
   Tandon, N
   Adair, L
   Bas, I
   Norris, S
   Richter, LM
AF Fall, Caroline H. D.
   Sachdev, Harshpal Singh
   Osmond, Clive
   Restrepo-Mendez, Maria Clara
   Victora, Cesar
   Martorell, Reynaldo
   Stein, Aryeh D.
   Sinha, Shikha
   Tandon, Nikhil
   Adair, Linda
   Bas, Isabelita
   Norris, Shane
   Richter, Linda M.
CA COHORTS Investigators
TI Association between maternal age at childbirth and child and adult
   outcomes in the off spring: a prospective study in five low-income and
   middle-income countries (COHORTS collaboration)
SO LANCET GLOBAL HEALTH
LA English
DT Article
ID ADVERSE PERINATAL OUTCOMES; POPULATION-BASED COHORT; BLOOD-PRESSURE;
   ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY; TEENAGE PREGNANCY; BIRTH-WEIGHT; MORTALITY;
   HEALTH; RISK; MOTHERHOOD
AB Background Both young and advanced maternal age is associated with adverse birth and child outcomes. Few studies have examined these associations in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) and none have studied adult outcomes in the off spring. We aimed to examine both child and adult outcomes in five LMICs.
   Methods In this prospective study, we pooled data from COHORTS (Consortium for Health Orientated Research in Transitioning Societies)-a collaboration of five birth cohorts from LMICs (Brazil, Guatemala, India, the Philippines, and South Africa), in which mothers were recruited before or during pregnancy, and the children followed up to adulthood. We examined associations between maternal age and off spring birthweight, gestational age at birth, height-for-age and weight-for-height Z scores in childhood, attained schooling, and adult height, body composition (body-mass index, waist circumference, fat, and lean mass), and cardiometabolic risk factors (blood pressure and fasting plasma glucose concentration), along with binary variables derived from these. Analyses were unadjusted and adjusted for maternal socioeconomic status, height and parity, and breastfeeding duration.
   Findings We obtained data for 22 188 mothers from the five cohorts, enrolment into which took place at various times between 1969 and 1989. Data for maternal age and at least one outcome were available for 19 403 off spring (87%). In unadjusted analyses, younger (<= 19 years) and older (>= 35 years) maternal age were associated with lower birthweight, gestational age, child nutritional status, and schooling. After adjustment, associations with younger maternal age remained for low birthweight (odds ratio [OR] 1.18 (95% CI 1.02-1.36)], preterm birth (1.26 [1.03-1.53]), 2-year stunting (1.46 [1.25-1.70]), and failure to complete secondary schooling (1.38 [1.18-1.62]) compared with mothers aged 20-24 years. After adjustment, older maternal age remained associated with increased risk of preterm birth (OR 1.33 [95% CI 1.05-1.67]), but children of older mothers had less 2-year stunting (0.64 [0.54-0.77]) and failure to complete secondary schooling (0.59 [0.48-0.71]) than did those with mothers aged 20-24 years. Off spring of both younger and older mothers had higher adult fasting glucose concentrations (roughly 0.05 mmol/L).
   Interpretation Children of young mothers in LMICs are disadvantaged at birth and in childhood nutrition and schooling. Efforts to prevent early childbearing should be strengthened. After adjustment for confounders, children of older mothers have advantages in nutritional status and schooling. Extremes of maternal age could be associated with disturbed off spring glucose metabolism.
C1 [Fall, Caroline H. D.; Osmond, Clive] Univ Southampton, MRC Lifecourse Epidemiol Unit, Southampton SO16 6YD, Hants, England.
   [Sachdev, Harshpal Singh; Sinha, Shikha] Sitaram Bhartia Inst Sci & Res, New Delhi, India.
   [Restrepo-Mendez, Maria Clara; Victora, Cesar] Univ Fed Pelotas, Capao Do Leao, Pelotas, Brazil.
   [Martorell, Reynaldo; Stein, Aryeh D.] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Hubert Dept Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.
   [Tandon, Nikhil] All India Inst Med Sci, New Delhi, India.
   [Adair, Linda] Univ N Carolina, Dept Nutr, Chapel Hill, NC USA.
   [Bas, Isabelita] Univ San Carlos, Off Populat Studies Fdn, Cebu, Philippines.
   [Norris, Shane] Univ Witwatersrand, Med Res Council Dev Pathways Hlth Res Unit, Johannesburg, South Africa.
   [Richter, Linda M.] Human Sci Res Council, Durban, South Africa.
RP Fall, CHD (reprint author), Univ Southampton, Southampton Gen Hosp, MRC Lifecourse Epidemiol Unit, Southampton SO16 6YD, Hants, England.
EM chdf@mrc.soton.ac.uk
RI Victora, Cesar/D-4476-2013
OI Victora, Cesar/0000-0002-2465-2180; Restrepo-Mendez, Maria
   Clara/0000-0001-7714-7340; Osmond, Clive/0000-0002-9054-4655
FU Wellcome Trust (UK); Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation; US National
   Institutes of Health; Guatemala (US National Institutes of Health);
   Guatemala (US National Science Foundation); Pelotas (Wellcome Trust);
   New Delhi (Indian Council of Medical Research, US National Center for
   Health Statistics); New Delhi (Medical Research Council [UK]); New Delhi
   (British Heart Foundation); Birth To Twenty (Wellcome Trust); Birth To
   Twenty (Human Sciences Research Council); Birth To Twenty (South African
   Medical Research Council); Birth To Twenty (Mellon Foundation); Birth To
   Twenty (South-African Netherlands Programme on Alternative Development);
   Birth To Twenty (Anglo American Chairman's Fund, University of the
   Witwatersrand); Cebu (US National Institutes of Health); Medical
   Research Council [MC_UP_A620_1016, MC_UU_12011/3]
FX COHORTS is supported by the Wellcome Trust (UK), the Bill & Melinda
   Gates Foundation, and the US National Institutes of Health. Funding for
   the individual cohorts was as follows: Guatemala (US National Institutes
   of Health; US National Science Foundation); Pelotas (Wellcome Trust);
   New Delhi (Indian Council of Medical Research, US National Center for
   Health Statistics; Medical Research Council [UK]; British Heart
   Foundation); Birth To Twenty (Wellcome Trust, Human Sciences Research
   Council, South African Medical Research Council, Mellon Foundation,
   South-African Netherlands Programme on Alternative Development, Anglo
   American Chairman's Fund, University of the Witwatersrand); Cebu (US
   National Institutes of Health).
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NR 44
TC 70
Z9 71
U1 3
U2 36
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 2214-109X
J9 LANCET GLOB HEALTH
JI Lancet Glob. Health
PD JUL
PY 2015
VL 3
IS 7
BP E366
EP E377
DI 10.1016/S2214-109X(15)00038-8
PG 12
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA CK6CH
UT WOS:000356314900016
PM 25999096
OA DOAJ Gold
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Raqib, R
   Alam, DS
   Sarker, P
   Ahmad, SM
   Ara, G
   Yunus, M
   Moore, SE
   Fuchs, G
AF Raqib, Rubhana
   Alam, Dewan S.
   Sarker, Protim
   Ahmad, Shaikh Meshbahuddin
   Ara, Gul
   Yunus, Mohammed
   Moore, Sophie E.
   Fuchs, George
TI Low birth weight is associated with altered immune function in rural
   Bangladeshi children: a birth cohort study
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
LA English
DT Article
DE low birth weight; T cell receptor excision circles; TRECS; telomere; CD3
   T cells; C-reactive protein
ID PRETERM INFANTS; THYMIC FUNCTION; PRENATAL UNDERNUTRITION; ZINC
   SUPPLEMENTATION; GROWTH-RETARDATION; GAMBIAN CHILDREN; FOLLOW-UP;
   DISEASE; TERM; AGE
AB Background: Low birth weight is generally an outcome of a fetal insult or nutritional insufficiency. Recent studies have shown that such exposure early in life may have long-term implications for later immunocompetence and susceptibility to infectious diseases.
   Objective: We aimed to investigate the effect of birth weight on immune function in preschool-age children.
   Design: A birth cohort cross-sectional study was conducted in children (n = 132) aged 60.8 +/- 0.32 mo who were born in Matlab, a rural area of Bangladesh, and whose weight and length were measured within 72 h of birth. The outcome measures were thymopoiesis, T cell turnover, acute phase response, and percentage of lymphocytes.
   Results: Children born with low birth weight (< 2500 g; LBW group, n = 66) had significantly higher concentrations of T cell receptor excision circles in peripheral blood mononuclear cells-a biomarker for thymopoiesis-and significantly higher serum bactericidal activity and C-reactive protein concentrations than did children born with normal birth weight (>= 2500 g; NBW group, n = 66) (P < 0.05 for both). The LBW group children had significantly lower concentrations of interleukin 7 in plasma (P = 0.02), shorter telomere length in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (P = 0.02), and a lower percentage of CD3 T cells (P = 0.06) than did the NBW group children.
   Conclusions: Greater peripheral T cell turnover (shorter telomeres and lower CD3 concentrations) due to immune activation (elevated C-reactive protein concentrations and bactericidal activity) may have resulted in a greater need for replenishment from the thymus (higher T cell receptor excision circles); these events may cause lower immune functional reserve in preschool-age children born with LBW. Thus, LBW has implications for immunocompetence and increased vulnerability to infectious diseases in later life.
C1 ICDDRB, Immunol Lab, Div Sci Lab, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh.
   Ctr Hlth & Populat Res, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
   London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, MRC, Int Nutr Grp, London WC1, England.
   Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Pediat, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA.
RP Raqib, R (reprint author), ICDDRB, Immunol Lab, Div Sci Lab, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh.
EM rubhana@icddrb.org
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NR 40
TC 70
Z9 75
U1 1
U2 11
PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998
   USA
SN 0002-9165
J9 AM J CLIN NUTR
JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr.
PD MAR
PY 2007
VL 85
IS 3
BP 845
EP 852
PG 8
WC Nutrition & Dietetics
SC Nutrition & Dietetics
GA 146ES
UT WOS:000244917900026
PM 17344508
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Kuzawa, CW
   Hallal, PC
   Adair, L
   Bhargava, SK
   Fall, CHD
   Lee, N
   Norris, SA
   Osmond, C
   Ramirez-zea, M
   Sachdev, HS
   Stein, AD
   Victora, CG
AF Kuzawa, Christopher W.
   Hallal, Pedro C.
   Adair, Linda
   Bhargava, Santosh K.
   Fall, Caroline H. D.
   Lee, Nanette
   Norris, Shane A.
   Osmond, Clive
   Ramirez-zea, Manuel
   Sachdev, Harshpal Singh
   Stein, Aryeh D.
   Victora, Cesar G.
CA COHORTS Grp
TI Birth weight, postnatal weight gain, and adult body composition in five
   low and middle income countries
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID CHILDHOOD GROWTH; ABDOMINAL OBESITY; MASS INDEX; YOUNG ADULTHOOD; COHORT
   PROFILE; LIFE; SIZE; INFANCY; ORIGINS; DISEASE
AB Objectives: To evaluate the associations between birth weight (BW), infancy, and childhood weight gain and adult body composition.
   Methods: Subjects included participants of five birth cohort studies from low and middle income nations Brazil, Guatemala, India, Philippines, and South Africa; n = 3432). We modeled adult body composition as a function of BW and conditional weight gain CW), representing changes in weight trajectory relative to peers, in three age intervals 012 months, 12-24 months, 24 months-mid childhood).
   Results: In 34 of 36 site-and sex-specific models, regression coefficients associated with BW and CWs were higher for adult fat-free than for fat mass. The strength of coefficients predicting fat-free mass relative to those predicting fat mass was greatest for BW, intermediate for CWs through 24 months, and weaker thereafter. However, because fat masses were smaller and showed larger variances than fat-free masses, weaker relationships with fat mass still yielded modest but significant increases in adult % body fat PBF). CWat 12 months and mid-childhood tended to be the strongest predictors of PBF, whereas BW was generally the weakest predictor of PBF. For most early growth measures, a 1 SD change predicted less than a 1% change in adult body fat, suggesting that any health impacts of early growth on changes in adult body composition are likely to be small in these cohorts.
   Conclusions: BW and weight trajectories up to 24 months tend to be more strongly associated with adult fat-free mass than with fat mass, while weight trajectories in mid-childhood predict both fat mass and fat-free mass. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 24: 5-13, 2012. (C) 2011Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
C1 [Kuzawa, Christopher W.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Anthropol, Evanston, IL 60208 USA.
   [Kuzawa, Christopher W.] Northwestern Univ, Ctr Social Dispar, Cells Soc 2, Evanston, IL 60208 USA.
   [Kuzawa, Christopher W.] Northwestern Univ, Inst Policy Res, Evanston, IL 60208 USA.
   [Hallal, Pedro C.; Victora, Cesar G.] Univ Fed Pelotas, Postgrad Program Epidemiol, Pelotas, Brazil.
   [Adair, Linda] Univ N Carolina, Dept Nutr, Chapel Hill, NC USA.
   [Bhargava, Santosh K.] Sunder Lal Jain Hosp, Delhi, India.
   [Fall, Caroline H. D.; Osmond, Clive] Univ Southampton, Lifecourse Epidemiol Unit, Southampton, Hants, England.
   [Lee, Nanette] Univ San Carlos, Off Populat Studies Fdn, Cebu, Philippines.
   [Norris, Shane A.] Univ Witwatersrand, Dept Paediat, MRC WITS Dev Pathways Hlth Res Unit, Johannesburg, South Africa.
   [Ramirez-zea, Manuel] INCAP, Guatemala City, Guatemala.
   [Sachdev, Harshpal Singh] Sitaram Bhartia Inst Sci & Res, New Delhi, India.
   [Stein, Aryeh D.] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Hubert Dept Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.
RP Kuzawa, CW (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Anthropol, Evanston, IL 60208 USA.
EM kuzawa@northwestern.edu
RI Epidemiologicas, Centro de pesquisas/D-4561-2013; Hallal,
   Pedro/A-3249-2011; Victora, Cesar/D-4476-2013; Horta,
   Bernardo/A-7604-2008
OI Hallal, Pedro/0000-0003-1470-6461; Victora, Cesar/0000-0002-2465-2180;
   Horta, Bernardo/0000-0001-9843-412X; Stein, Aryeh/0000-0003-1138-6458;
   Osmond, Clive/0000-0002-9054-4655; Prabhakaran,
   Dorairaj/0000-0002-3172-834X
FU Wellcome Trust (UK); US National Institutes of Health; US National
   Science Foundation; US National Center for Health Statistics; Indian
   Council of Medical Research; British Heart Foundation; Human Sciences
   Research Council; South African Medical Research Council; Mellon
   Foundation; South-African Netherlands Programme on Alternative
   Development; Anglo American Chairman's Fund; Fogarty International
   Center; Medical Research Council [G1001333, MC_UP_A620_1016]
FX Contract grant sponsors: Wellcome Trust (UK), US National Institutes of
   Health, US National Science Foundation, US National Center for Health
   Statistics, Indian Council of Medical Research, British Heart
   Foundation, Human Sciences Research Council, South African Medical
   Research Council, the Mellon Foundation, South-African Netherlands
   Programme on Alternative Development, Anglo American Chairman's Fund,
   Fogarty International Center.
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NR 47
TC 52
Z9 54
U1 0
U2 14
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 1042-0533
J9 AM J HUM BIOL
JI Am. J. Hum. Biol.
PD JAN-FEB
PY 2012
VL 24
IS 1
BP 5
EP 13
DI 10.1002/ajhb.21227
PG 9
WC Anthropology; Biology
SC Anthropology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics
GA 860BH
UT WOS:000297920400002
PM 22121058
OA Green Accepted
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Sur, D
   Gupta, DN
   Mondal, SK
   Ghosh, S
   Manna, B
   Rajendran, K
   Bhattacharya, SK
AF Sur, D
   Gupta, DN
   Mondal, SK
   Ghosh, S
   Manna, B
   Rajendran, K
   Bhattacharya, SK
TI Impact of zinc supplementation on diarrheal morbidity and growth pattern
   of low birth weight infants in Kolkata, India: A randomized,
   double-blind, placebo-controlled, community-based study
SO PEDIATRICS
LA English
DT Article
DE low birth weight; zinc supplementation; diarrhea; nutrition;
   breastfeeding
ID CHILDREN; TRIAL
AB Objective. To assess the impact of zinc supplementation on diarrheal morbidity and growth pattern of low birth weight ( LBW) infants.
   Methodology. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, community-based study conducted in the Tiljala slum of eastern Kolkata, India, between 1999 and 2001, a birth cohort of 100 LBW infants was randomly allocated into either an intervention group receiving 1 mL daily dose of 5 mg of elemental zinc as zinc sulfate in vitamin B complex-based syrup or a placebo group receiving an identical placebo of 1 mL of vitamin-based syrup from birth up to 1 completed year of age. Active weekly surveillance was conducted for detection of diarrhea. Anthropometric measurements of each child were recorded once every month as close to the child's birth date as possible. Data were analyzed by using statistical software packages SPSSPC + 4.0 ( SPSS, Inc, Chicago, IL) and Epi Info 6.0 ( Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA).
   Results. Among the zinc-supplemented group, diarrheal incidence of 1.36 episodes per child per year were observed, whereas it was 1.93 episodes per child per year among the placebo group, giving a relative risk of 1.4 ( 95% confidence interval: 1.02- 2.00). Linear growth and weight for age showed significant differences between the supplemented and placebo groups only at the end of 1 year. Interestingly, the impact of zinc supplementation was masked to a large extent by the protective action of breastfeeding.
   Conclusions. The study showed that zinc supplementation had a beneficial impact on the incidence of diarrhea and also weight gain among LBW infants.
C1 Natl Inst Cholera & Enter Dis, Div Epidemiol, Beliaghata 700010, Kolkata, India.
RP Sur, D (reprint author), Natl Inst Cholera & Enter Dis, Div Epidemiol, P-33,CIT Rd,Scheme XM, Beliaghata 700010, Kolkata, India.
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NR 26
TC 50
Z9 52
U1 1
U2 6
PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS
PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE
PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA
SN 0031-4005
J9 PEDIATRICS
JI Pediatrics
PD DEC
PY 2003
VL 112
IS 6
BP 1327
EP 1332
DI 10.1542/peds.112.6.1327
PG 6
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA 749YK
UT WOS:000186957500017
PM 14654605
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Addo, OY
   Stein, AD
   Fall, CH
   Gigante, DP
   Guntupalli, AM
   Horta, BL
   Kuzawa, CW
   Lee, N
   Norris, SA
   Prabhakaran, P
   Richter, LM
   Sachdev, HS
   Martorell, R
AF Addo, O. Yaw
   Stein, Aryeh D.
   Fall, Caroline H.
   Gigante, Denise P.
   Guntupalli, Aravinda M.
   Horta, Bernardo L.
   Kuzawa, Christopher W.
   Lee, Nanette
   Norris, Shane A.
   Prabhakaran, Poornima
   Richter, Linda M.
   Sachdev, Harshpal S.
   Martorell, Reynaldo
CA Consortium Hlth Orientated Res Tra
TI Maternal Height and Child Growth Patterns
SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
LA English
DT Article
ID MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES; FOR-GESTATIONAL-AGE; COHORT PROFILE; BIRTH
   COHORT; BODY-COMPOSITION; BLOOD-PRESSURE; STATURE; MORTALITY; HEALTH;
   SIZE
AB Objective To examine associations between maternal height and child growth during 4 developmental periods: intrauterine, birth to age 2 years, age 2 years to mid-childhood (MC), and MC to adulthood.
   Study design Pooled analysis of maternal height and offspring growth using 7630 mother-child pairs from 5 birth cohorts (Brazil, Guatemala, India, the Philippines, and South Africa). We used conditional height measures that control for collinearity in height across periods. We estimated associations between maternal height and offspring growth using multivariate regression models adjusted for household income, child sex, birth order, and study site.
   Results Maternal height was associated with birth weight and with both height and conditional height at each age examined. The strongest associations with conditional heights were for adulthood and 2 years of age. A 1-cm increase in maternal height predicted a 0.024 (95% CI: 0.021-0.028) SD increase in offspring birth weight, a 0.037 (95% CI: 0.033-0.040) SD increase in conditional height at 2 years, a 0.025 (95% CI: 0.021-0.029 SD increase in conditional height in MC, and a 0.044 (95% CI: 0.040-0.048) SD increase in conditional height in adulthood. Short mothers (<150.1 cm) were more likely to have a child who was stunted at 2 years (prevalence ratio = 3.20 (95% CI: 2.80-3.60) and as an adult (prevalence ratio = 4.74, (95% CI: 4.13-5.44). There was no evidence of heterogeneity by site or sex.
   Conclusion Maternal height influences offspring linear growth over the growing period. These influences likely include genetic and non-genetic factors, including nutrition-related intergenerational influences on growth that prevent the attainment of genetic height potential in low-and middle-income countries.
C1 [Addo, O. Yaw; Stein, Aryeh D.; Martorell, Reynaldo] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Hubert Dept Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.
   [Fall, Caroline H.] Univ Southampton, Lifecourse Epidemiol Unit, MRC, Southampton, Hants, England.
   [Gigante, Denise P.; Horta, Bernardo L.] Univ Fed Pelotas, Postgrad Program Epidemiol, Pelotas, Brazil.
   [Guntupalli, Aravinda M.] Univ Southampton, Ctr Res Ageing, Southampton, Hants, England.
   [Kuzawa, Christopher W.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Anthropol, Evanston, IL 60208 USA.
   [Lee, Nanette] Univ San Carlos, Off Populat Studies Fdn, Cebu, Philippines.
   [Norris, Shane A.; Richter, Linda M.] Univ Witwatersrand, Fac Hlth Sci, Wits Dev Pathways Hlth Res Unit, MRC, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa.
   [Norris, Shane A.; Richter, Linda M.] Human Sci Res Council, Johannesburg, South Africa.
   [Sachdev, Harshpal S.] Sitaram Bhartia Inst Sci & Res, Dept Pediat, New Delhi, India.
RP Addo, OY (reprint author), Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Hubert Dept Global Hlth, Mailstop 1599-001-BX SPH GH,1599 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.
EM Yaw.addo@emory.edu
RI Horta, Bernardo/A-7604-2008
OI Horta, Bernardo/0000-0001-9843-412X; Osmond, Clive/0000-0002-9054-4655;
   Stein, Aryeh/0000-0003-1138-6458; Addo, O.Yaw/0000-0003-1269-759X
FU Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation; The Wellcome Trust (United Kingdom);
   Institute of Nutrition of Central America; Panama Nutrition Trial Cohort
   (Guatemala); US National Institutes of Health; US National Science
   Foundation; Pelotas Birth Cohort (Brazil) Wellcome Trust; New Delhi
   Birth Cohort Study (India); Indian Council of Medical Research; US
   National Center for Health Statistics; Medical Research Council (United
   Kingdom); British Heart Foundation; Birth to Twenty Cohort (South
   Africa); Wellcome Trust; Human Sciences Research Council; South African
   Medical Research Council; South-African Netherlands Program on
   Alternative Development; Anglo-American Chairman's Fund; University of
   the Witwatersrand; Cebu Longitudinal Health, and Nutrition Survey (the
   Philippines) US National Institutes of Health; Medical Research Council
   [MC_UU_12011/3, G1001333, MC_UP_A620_1016]
FX The current COHORTS analysis is supported by the Bill and Melinda Gates
   Foundation and The Wellcome Trust (United Kingdom). Funding for data
   collection for the five Cohorts were: Institute of Nutrition of Central
   America, Panama Nutrition Trial Cohort (Guatemala), US National
   Institutes of Health, and US National Science Foundation; Pelotas Birth
   Cohort (Brazil) Wellcome Trust; New Delhi Birth Cohort Study (India),
   Indian Council of Medical Research, US National Center for Health
   Statistics, Medical Research Council (United Kingdom), and British Heart
   Foundation; Birth to Twenty Cohort (South Africa), Wellcome Trust, Human
   Sciences Research Council, South African Medical Research Council,
   South-African Netherlands Program on Alternative Development,
   Anglo-American Chairman's Fund and University of the Witwatersrand; and
   Cebu Longitudinal Health, and Nutrition Survey (the Philippines) US
   National Institutes of Health. The authors declare no conflicts of
   interest.
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NR 38
TC 48
Z9 52
U1 0
U2 15
PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 0022-3476
EI 1097-6833
J9 J PEDIATR-US
JI J. Pediatr.
PD AUG
PY 2013
VL 163
IS 2
BP 549
EP +
DI 10.1016/j.jpeds.2013.02.002
PG 7
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA 198YG
UT WOS:000322959500049
PM 23477997
OA Other Gold, Green Accepted, Green Published
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Aggarwal, R
   Ghoshal, UC
   Naik, SR
AF Aggarwal, R
   Ghoshal, UC
   Naik, SR
TI Assessment of cost-effectiveness of universal hepatitis B immunization
   in a low-income country with intermediate endemicity using a Markov
   model
SO JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Joint Meeting of the
   Indian-Association-for-the-Study-of-the-Liver/European-Association-for-t
   he-Study-of-the-Liver
CY MAR 31-APR 02, 2002
CL NEW DELHI, INDIA
SP Indian Assoc Study Liver, European Assoc Study Liver
DE cost-benefit analysis; cost-utility analysis; economic analysis;
   hepatitis B virus; prevention; Monte-Carlo simulation
ID HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA; PROGNOSTIC INDICATORS; BENEFIT-ANALYSIS;
   CIRRHOSIS; VIRUS; VACCINATION; CHILDREN; SURVIVAL; GAMBIA
AB Background/Aims: Most countries with high hepatitis B (HB) virus endemicity and most high-income countries have introduced immunization programmes against this infection. However, several low-income countries with intermediate HB endemicity have not done so. We performed a cost-effectiveness analysis of universal childhood HB immunization in such countries using India as an example, since available data on this aspect are limited.
   Methods: Marginal cost of every life-year and quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained with universal HB vaccination was calculated using a Markov model. Two types of analyses (including and excluding expenditure on treatment of long-term complications of HB infection) were done. Several sensitivity analyses and Monte-Carlo simulation were performed.
   Results: Universal immunization reduced the HB carrier rate by 71%, and increased the number of years and QALY lived by a birth-cohort by 0.173 years (61.072 vs. 60.899 years) and 0.213 years (61.056 vs. 60.843 years), respectively. Marginal costs were US$16.27 per life-year gained and US$13.22 per QALY gained, much lower than annual per capita income. One-way sensitivity analysis and Monte-Carlo simulation confirmed the robustness of the conclusions.
   Conclusions: Universal HB immunization is highly cost-effective in low-income countries with intermediate endemicity rates. (C) 2002 European Association for the Study of the Liver. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 Sanjay Gandhi Postgrad Inst Med Sci, Dept Gastroenterol, Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India.
RP Aggarwal, R (reprint author), Sanjay Gandhi Postgrad Inst Med Sci, Dept Gastroenterol, Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India.
EM rakesh@sgpgi.ac.in
OI Aggarwal, Rakesh/0000-0001-9689-494X
CR Aggarwal R., 1994, National Medical Journal of India, V7, P216
   AGGARWAL R, 2002, IN PRESS NATL MED J, V15
   Aoki N, 2000, GASTROINTEST ENDOSC, V52, P707, DOI 10.1067/mge.2000.110729
   Chang MH, 1997, NEW ENGL J MED, V336, P1855, DOI 10.1056/NEJM199706263362602
   Cher DJ, 1997, J AM MED INFORM ASSN, V4, P301, DOI 10.1136/jamia.1997.0040301
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   *WORLD HLTH ASS, 1992, RES WHA 45 17 IMM VA
NR 36
TC 45
Z9 45
U1 0
U2 5
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0168-8278
EI 1600-0641
J9 J HEPATOL
JI J. Hepatol.
PD FEB
PY 2003
VL 38
IS 2
BP 215
EP 222
DI 10.1016/S0168-8278(02)00382-3
PG 8
WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology
SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology
GA 643ZF
UT WOS:000180892900012
PM 12547411
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Krishnaveni, GV
   Veena, SR
   Karat, SC
   Yajnik, CS
   Fall, CHD
AF Krishnaveni, Ghattu V.
   Veena, Sargoor R.
   Karat, Samuel C.
   Yajnik, Chittaranjan S.
   Fall, Caroline H. D.
TI Association between maternal folate concentrations during pregnancy and
   insulin resistance in Indian children
SO DIABETOLOGIA
LA English
DT Article
DE Child; Folate; Homocysteine; Insulin resistance; Pregnancy; Programming;
   Vitamin B12
ID ANTENATAL MICRONUTRIENT SUPPLEMENTATION; VITAMIN-B-12 STATUS;
   MICROBIOLOGICAL ASSAY; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE;
   SOUTH-INDIA; RURAL NEPAL; BONE MASS; NUTRITION; LIFE
AB Aims/hypothesis In an Indian birth cohort, higher maternal homocysteine concentration in pregnancy was associated with lower birthweight of the offspring. Lower maternal vitamin B12 and higher folate concentrations were associated with higher offspring insulin resistance. Disordered one-carbon metabolism during early development may increase later metabolic risk. We explored these associations in another birth cohort in India at three age points.
   Methods We measured plasma vitamin B12, folate and homocysteine concentrations at 30 +/- 2 weeks' gestation in 654 women who delivered at one hospital. Neonatal anthropometry was recorded, and the children's glucose and insulin concentrations were measured at 5, 9.5 and 13.5 years of age. Insulin resistance was estimated using HOMA of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR).
   Results Maternal homocysteine concentrations were inversely associated with all neonatal anthropometric measurements (p < 0.05), and positively associated with glucose concentrations in the children at 5 (30 min; p = 0.007) and 9.5 years of age (120 min; p = 0.02). Higher maternal folate concentrations were associated with higher HOMA-IR in the children at 9.5 (p = 0.03) and 13.5 years of age (p = 0.03). Maternal vitamin B12 concentrations were unrelated to offspring outcomes.
   Conclusions/interpretation Maternal vitamin B12 status did not predict insulin resistance in our cohort. However, associations of maternal homocysteine and folate concentrations with birth size, and with childhood insulin resistance and glycaemia in the offspring, suggest a role for nutritionally driven disturbances in one-carbon metabolism in fetal programming of diabetes.
C1 [Krishnaveni, Ghattu V.; Veena, Sargoor R.; Karat, Samuel C.] CSI Holdsworth Mem Hosp, Epidemiol Res Unit, Mysore 570021, Karnataka, India.
   [Yajnik, Chittaranjan S.] KEM Hosp, Diabet Unit, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
   [Fall, Caroline H. D.] Southampton Gen Hosp, MRC Lifecourse Epidemiol Unit, Southampton SO9 4XY, Hants, England.
RP Krishnaveni, GV (reprint author), CSI Holdsworth Mem Hosp, Epidemiol Res Unit, POB 38, Mysore 570021, Karnataka, India.
EM gv.krishnaveni@gmail.com
OI Krishnaveni, Ghattu V/0000-0002-6532-8272
FU Parthenon Trust (Switzerland); Medical Research Council (UK); Wellcome
   Trust [079877/Z/06/Z, 095147/Z/10/Z]; Fogarty International Center;
   Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human
   Development at the National Institutes of Health, USA [1 D43 HD065249];
   DFID; Medical Research Council [MC_UP_A620_1016, MC_UU_12011/3,
   MR/J000094/1]
FX The Parthenon Cohort was initially funded by the Parthenon Trust
   (Switzerland) and is now supported by the Medical Research Council (UK),
   DFID and the Wellcome Trust (079877/Z/06/Z and 095147/Z/10/Z).; G. V.
   Krishnaveni was mentored in non-communicable disease epidemiology
   supported by Fogarty International Center and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver
   National Institute of Child Health & Human Development at the National
   Institutes of Health, USA (grant no. 1 D43 HD065249).
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NR 44
TC 43
Z9 47
U1 0
U2 20
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0012-186X
EI 1432-0428
J9 DIABETOLOGIA
JI Diabetologia
PD JAN
PY 2014
VL 57
IS 1
BP 110
EP 121
DI 10.1007/s00125-013-3086-7
PG 12
WC Endocrinology & Metabolism
SC Endocrinology & Metabolism
GA 270QG
UT WOS:000328332900014
PM 24162586
OA Green Published, Other Gold
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Jagai, JS
   Sarkar, R
   Castronovo, D
   Kattula, D
   McEntee, J
   Ward, H
   Kang, G
   Naumova, EN
AF Jagai, Jyotsna S.
   Sarkar, Rajiv
   Castronovo, Denise
   Kattula, Deepthi
   McEntee, Jesse
   Ward, Honorine
   Kang, Gagandeep
   Naumova, Elena N.
TI Seasonality of Rotavirus in South Asia: A Meta-Analysis Approach
   Assessing Associations with Temperature, Precipitation, and Vegetation
   Index
SO PLOS ONE
LA English
DT Article
ID HOSPITAL-BASED SURVEILLANCE; AGED LESS-THAN-5 YEARS; ACUTE WATERY
   DIARRHEA; TIME-SERIES ANALYSIS; GLOBAL SEASONALITY; CHILDHOOD DIARRHEA;
   GENOMIC DIVERSITY; NORTHERN INDIA; DISEASE BURDEN; BIRTH COHORT
AB Background: Rotavirus infection causes a significant proportion of diarrhea in infants and young children worldwide leading to dehydration, hospitalization, and in some cases death. Rotavirus infection represents a significant burden of disease in developing countries, such as those in South Asia.
   Methods: We conducted a meta-analysis to examine how patterns of rotavirus infection relate to temperature and precipitation in South Asia. Monthly rotavirus data were abstracted from 39 published epidemiological studies and related to monthly aggregated ambient temperature and cumulative precipitation for each study location using linear mixed-effects models. We also considered associations with vegetation index, gathered from remote sensing data. Finally, we assessed whether the relationship varied in tropical climates and humid mid-latitude climates.
   Results: Overall, as well as in tropical and humid mid-latitude climates, low temperature and precipitation levels are significant predictors of an increased rate of rotaviral diarrhea. A 1 degrees C decrease in monthly ambient temperature and a decrease of 10 mm in precipitation are associated with 1.3% and 0.3% increase above the annual level in rotavirus infections, respectively. When assessing lagged relationships, temperature and precipitation in the previous month remained significant predictors and the association with temperature was stronger in the tropical climate. The same association was seen for vegetation index; a seasonal decline of 0.1 units results in a 3.8% increase in rate of rotavirus.
   Conclusions: In South Asia the highest rate of rotavirus was seen in the colder, drier months. Meteorological characteristics can be used to better focus and target public health prevention programs.
C1 [Jagai, Jyotsna S.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
   [Jagai, Jyotsna S.; Ward, Honorine; Naumova, Elena N.] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth & Community Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA.
   [Sarkar, Rajiv; Kattula, Deepthi; Ward, Honorine; Kang, Gagandeep; Naumova, Elena N.] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [Castronovo, Denise] Mapping Sustainabil LLC, Jupiter, FL USA.
   [McEntee, Jesse] Cardiff Univ, ESRC Ctr Business Relationships Accountabil Susta, Cardiff, S Glam, Wales.
   [Naumova, Elena N.] Tufts Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Sch Engn, Medford, MA 02155 USA.
RP Jagai, JS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
EM jagai.jyotsna@epa.gov; elena.naumova@tufts.edu
OI Naumova, Elena/0000-0002-9562-4734; Kang, Gagandeep/0000-0002-3656-564X
FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [NIEHS ES 013171];
   CDC/IMCR; National Institutes of Health (NIH); Ruth L. Kirschstein NIH
   National Research Trainee Fellowship [T90-DK070117-05]; FIC Global
   Infectious Disease Research Training grant [D43 TW007392]; PHS grant
   "Molecular epidemiology of cryptosporidiosis in India" [R03 TW2711]; PHS
   grant "Immune Response to Cryptosporidium in a Birth Cohort of Children
   of South India" [NIAID R01 AI072222]; CDC/Indo-US Concept "Environmental
   Indicators for Diarrheal Infections in South India"; Global Infectious
   Disease Research Training Grant [D43TW007392]
FX This work was funded in part by the National Institute of Environmental
   Health Sciences (NIEHS ES 013171, ENN); CDC/IMCR, National Institutes of
   Health (NIH), Ruth L. Kirschstein NIH National Research Trainee
   Fellowship (T90-DK070117-05, JSJ); FIC Global Infectious Disease
   Research Training grant (D43 TW007392, RS); PHS grants "Molecular
   epidemiology of cryptosporidiosis in India" (R03 TW2711, GK) and "Immune
   Response to Cryptosporidium in a Birth Cohort of Children of South
   India" (NIAID R01 AI072222, HW); CDC/Indo-US Concept "Environmental
   Indicators for Diarrheal Infections in South India" (ENN); and the
   Global Infectious Disease Research Training Grant (D43TW007392; GK). The
   funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis,
   decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
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NR 82
TC 43
Z9 43
U1 1
U2 24
PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA
SN 1932-6203
J9 PLOS ONE
JI PLoS One
PD MAY 31
PY 2012
VL 7
IS 5
AR e38168
DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0038168
PG 14
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 959TY
UT WOS:000305338500098
PM 22693594
OA DOAJ Gold, Green Published
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Dhillon, PK
   Yeole, BB
   Dikshit, R
   Kurkure, AP
   Bray, F
AF Dhillon, P. K.
   Yeole, B. B.
   Dikshit, R.
   Kurkure, A. P.
   Bray, F.
TI Trends in breast, ovarian and cervical cancer incidence in Mumbai, India
   over a 30-year period, 1976-2005: an age-period-cohort analysis
SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF CANCER
LA English
DT Article
DE neoplasm; breast; ovary; cervix; time trends; India
ID SQUAMOUS-CELL CARCINOMA; BODY-MASS INDEX; 13 EUROPEAN COUNTRIES;
   TEMPORAL VARIATION; INCIDENCE RATES; UNITED-STATES; HONG-KONG;
   MORTALITY; ADENOCARCINOMA; WOMEN
AB BACKGROUND: Demographic, socioeconomic and cultural changes in India have increased longevity, delayed childbearing, decreased parity and resulted in a more westernised lifestyle, contributing to the increasing burden of cancer, especially among women.
   METHODS: We evaluated secular changes in the incidence of breast, cervical and ovarian cancer in Mumbai women aged 30-64 between 1976 and 2005. Age-standardised incidence rates were calculated and presented by site and calendar period. An age-period-cohort (APC) analysis quantified recent time trends and the significance of birth cohort and calendar period effects. The estimated annual percent change (EAPC) was obtained from the drift parameter, expressing the linear time trend common to both calendar period and birth cohort.
   RESULTS: Over the 30-year study period, the age-standardised rates significantly increased for breast cancer (EAPC: 1.1% (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.0, 1.3)), significantly decreased for cervical cancer (EAPC: -1.8% (95% CI: -2.0, -1.6)) and there was no statistically significant change for ovarian cancer (EAPC: 0.3% (95% CI: -0.1, 0.6)). For breast and cervical cancer, the best-fitting model was the APC model.
   CONCLUSIONS: The rates of breast, cervical and ovarian cancer remain low in comparison with western countries, and the divergent trends of breast (increasing) and cervical cancer (decreasing) in Mumbai were similar to those observed in several other Asian countries. The changing risk profile in successive generations - improved education, higher socioeconomic status, later age at marriage and at first child, and lower parity - may in combination partially explain the diverging generational changes in breast and cervical cancer in Mumbai in the last decades. British Journal of Cancer (2011) 105, 723-730. doi:10.1038/bjc.2011.301 www.bjcancer.com Published online 9 August 2011 (C) 2011 Cancer Research UK
C1 [Dhillon, P. K.; Yeole, B. B.; Kurkure, A. P.] Indian Canc Soc, Mumbai Canc Registry, Bombay, Maharashtra, India.
   [Dhillon, P. K.] Publ Hlth Fdn India, S Asia Network Chron Dis, Safdarjung Dev Area C 1152, New Delhi 110016, India.
   [Dikshit, R.] Tata Mem Hosp, Dept Epidemiol, Bombay 400012, Maharashtra, India.
   [Bray, F.] Int Agcy Res Canc, Sect Canc Informat, F-69372 Lyon, France.
RP Dhillon, PK (reprint author), Indian Canc Soc, Mumbai Canc Registry, Bombay, Maharashtra, India.
EM preet.kaur.dhillon@gmail.com
FU International Agency for Research on Cancer Research Training
   Fellowship; NCI [T32 CA009001]; Indian Council of Medical Research
FX We dedicate this paper to the memory of our co-author, colleague and
   friend, Professor BB Yeole, who passed away in January 2011. Professor
   Yeole was the longstanding Director of the Mumbai Cancer Registry and
   one of the chief architects of cancer registration in India. Dr Dhillon
   was supported by an International Agency for Research on Cancer Research
   Training Fellowship and a Cancer Epidemiology Training Grant NCI T32
   CA009001. The Mumbai Cancer registry has been partly funded by the
   National Cancer Registry Program of the Indian Council of Medical
   Research since 1982.
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NR 62
TC 41
Z9 41
U1 1
U2 15
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 0007-0920
J9 BRIT J CANCER
JI Br. J. Cancer
PD AUG 23
PY 2011
VL 105
IS 5
BP 723
EP 730
DI 10.1038/bjc.2011.301
PG 8
WC Oncology
SC Oncology
GA 811KG
UT WOS:000294207800018
PM 21829198
OA Green Published, Other Gold
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Gladstone, BP
   Muliyil, JP
   Jaffar, S
   Wheeler, JG
   Le Fevre, A
   Iturriza-Gomara, M
   Gray, JJ
   Bose, A
   Estes, MK
   Brown, DW
   Kang, G
AF Gladstone, B. P.
   Muliyil, J. P.
   Jaffar, S.
   Wheeler, J. G.
   Le Fevre, A.
   Iturriza-Gomara, M.
   Gray, J. J.
   Bose, A.
   Estes, M. K.
   Brown, D. W.
   Kang, G.
TI Infant morbidity in an Indian slum birth cohort
SO ARCHIVES OF DISEASE IN CHILDHOOD
LA English
DT Article
ID PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; URBAN SLUM; INFECTION; MORTALITY; COMMUNITY;
   DISEASE; HEALTH; ASIA
AB Objective: To establish incidence rates, clinic referrals, hospitalisations, mortality rates and baseline determinants of morbidity among infants in an Indian slum.
   Design: A community-based birth cohort with twice-weekly surveillance. Setting: Vellore, South India. Subjects: 452 newborns recruited over 18 months, followed through infancy.
   Main outcome measures: Incidence rates of gastrointestinal illness, respiratory illness, undifferentiated fever, other infections and non-infectious morbidity; rates of community-based diagnoses, clinic visits and hospitalisation; and rate ratios of baseline factors for morbidity.
   Results: Infants experienced 12 episodes (95% confidence interval (CI) 11 to 13) of illness, spending about one fifth of their infancy with an illness. Respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms were most common with incidence rates (95% CI) of 7.4 (6.9 to 7.9) and 3.6 (3.3 to 3.9) episodes per child-year. Factors independently associated with a higher incidence of respiratory and gastrointestinal illness were age (3-5 months), male sex, cold/wet season and household involved in beedi work. The rate (95% CI) of hospitalisation, mainly for respiratory and gastrointestinal illness, was 0.28 (0.22 to 0.35) per child-year.
   Conclusions: The morbidity burden due to respiratory and gastrointestinal illness is high in a South Indian urban slum, with children ill for approximately one fifth of infancy, mainly with respiratory and gastrointestinal illnesses. The risk factors identified were younger age, male sex, cold/wet season and household involvement in beedi work.
C1 [Kang, G.] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Gastrointestinal Sci, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [Gladstone, B. P.; Muliyil, J. P.; Bose, A.] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Community Hlth, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [Jaffar, S.; Wheeler, J. G.; Le Fevre, A.] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London WC1, England.
   [Iturriza-Gomara, M.; Gray, J. J.; Brown, D. W.] Hlth Protect Agcy, Enter Virus Unit, London, England.
   [Estes, M. K.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol Virol & Microbiol, Houston, TX 77030 USA.
RP Kang, G (reprint author), Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Gastrointestinal Sci, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India.
EM gkang@cmcvellore.ac.in
RI Iturriza Gomara, Miren/B-4351-2013
OI Iturriza Gomara, Miren/0000-0001-5816-6423; Rehman,
   Andrea/0000-0001-9967-5822; Kang, Gagandeep/0000-0002-3656-564X
FU Medical Research Council [G0700837]; NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI080656];
   Wellcome Trust [063144]
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NR 27
TC 39
Z9 39
U1 3
U2 3
PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND
SN 0003-9888
J9 ARCH DIS CHILD
JI Arch. Dis. Child.
PD JUN
PY 2008
VL 93
IS 6
BP 479
EP 484
DI 10.1136/adc.2006.114546
PG 6
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA 303TY
UT WOS:000256065000008
PM 17916587
OA Green Accepted
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Bhutta, ZA
   Yusuf, K
AF Bhutta, ZA
   Yusuf, K
TI Early-onset neonatal sepsis in Pakistan: A case control study of risk
   factors in a birth cohort
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PERINATOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE early-onset neonatal sepsis; risk factors; maternal urinary tract
   infection; asphyxia
ID BODY-SURFACE CULTURES; INTRAAMNIOTIC INFECTION; SEPTICEMIA; MORTALITY;
   COLONIZATION; MEMBRANES; RUPTURE; TRACT; WOMEN
AB We prospectively evaluated risk factors for early-onset neonatal (EON) sepsis in a case-control study among inborn patients at the Aga Khan University Medical Centre in Karachi between 1990-1993. A total of 38 cases with blood culture proven bacterial sepsis were identified within 72 hr of birth (prevalence 5.6 of 1000 live births) and matched with two consecutive gender matched births with no complications. The most common isolates were Staphylococcus aureus (18%), group B Streptococci (13%), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (13%). Univariate analysis of maternal risk factors revealed a significant association between maternal urinary tract infection (UTI) (odds ratio [OR]20, 95% confidence interval [Cl]2.4-166.9), maternal pyrexia (P < 0.0001), vaginal discharge (P < 0.05), vaginal examinations during labor (P = 0.03), and EON sepsis. The infected newborns also had significantly lower apgar scores at birth (P < 0.0001) and a significantly greater number were intubated at birth (Fisher's exact test P = 0.04). infected newborn infants were transferred out of the labor room earlier than noninfected controls and significantly fewer received exclusive breastfeeds (OR 0.33, 95% CI 0.1-0.8). Our data suggest the possibility that both vertical transmission from the mother as well as postnatal acquisition of infection from the environment may be of importance in the pathogenesis of EON sepsis in Karachi. Preventive measures should focus at recognition of high-risk infants, strict asepsis during labor, and early institution of exclusive breastfeeding.
C1 AGA KHAN UNIV HOSP,DEPT PEDIAT,KARACHI,PAKISTAN.
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NR 33
TC 38
Z9 38
U1 0
U2 2
PU THIEME MEDICAL PUBL INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 333 SEVENTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10001
SN 0735-1631
J9 AM J PERINAT
JI Am. J. Perinatol.
PD OCT
PY 1997
VL 14
IS 9
BP 577
EP 581
DI 10.1055/s-2007-994338
PG 5
WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics
SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics
GA YG299
UT WOS:A1997YG29900015
PM 9394171
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Kirkpatrick, BD
   Colgate, ER
   Mychaleckyj, JC
   Hague, R
   Dickson, DM
   Carmolli, MP
   Nayak, U
   Taniuchi, M
   Naylor, C
   Qadri, F
   Ma, JZ
   Alam, M
   Walsh, MC
   Diehl, SA
   Petri, WA
AF Kirkpatrick, Beth D.
   Colgate, E. Ross
   Mychaleckyj, Josyf C.
   Hague, Rashidul
   Dickson, Dorothy M.
   Carmolli, Marya P.
   Nayak, Uma
   Taniuchi, Mami
   Naylor, Caitlin
   Qadri, Firdausi
   Ma, Jennie Z.
   Alam, Masud
   Walsh, Mary Claire
   Diehl, Sean A.
   Petri, William A., Jr.
CA PROVIDE Study Teams
TI The "Performance of Rotavirus and Oral Polio Vaccines in Developing
   Countries" (PROVIDE) Study: Description of Methods of an Interventional
   Study Designed to Explore Complex Biologic Problems
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE
LA English
DT Article
ID MUCOSAL IMMUNITY; DIARRHEA; CHILDREN; MALNUTRITION; ENTEROPATHY;
   INFECTION; INFANTS; INDIA
AB Oral vaccines appear less effective in children in the developing world. Proposed biologic reasons include concurrent enteric infections, malnutrition, breast milk interference, and environmental enteropathy (EE). Rigorous study design and careful data management are essential to begin to understand this complex problem while assuring research subject safety. Herein, we describe the methodology and lessons learned in the PROVIDE study (Dhaka, Bangladesh). A randomized clinical trial platform evaluated the efficacy of delayed-dose oral rotavirus vaccine as well as the benefit of an injectable polio vaccine replacing one dose of oral polio vaccine. This rigorous infrastructure supported the additional examination of hypotheses of vaccine underperformance. Primary and secondary efficacy and immunogenicity measures for rotavirus and polio vaccines were measured, as well as the impact of EE and additional exploratory variables. Methods for the enrollment and 2-year follow-up of a 700 child birth cohort are described, including core laboratory, safety, regulatory, and data management practices. Intense efforts to standardize clinical, laboratory, and data management procedures in a developing world setting provide clinical trials rigor to all outcomes. Although this study infrastructure requires extensive time and effort, it allows optimized safety and confidence in the validity of data gathered in complex, developing country settings.
C1 [Kirkpatrick, Beth D.; Colgate, E. Ross; Dickson, Dorothy M.; Carmolli, Marya P.; Walsh, Mary Claire; Diehl, Sean A.] Univ Vermont, Coll Med, Dept Med, Burlington, VT 05405 USA.
   [Kirkpatrick, Beth D.; Colgate, E. Ross; Dickson, Dorothy M.; Carmolli, Marya P.; Walsh, Mary Claire; Diehl, Sean A.] Univ Vermont, Coll Med, Vaccine Testing Ctr, Burlington, VT 05405 USA.
   [Mychaleckyj, Josyf C.; Nayak, Uma; Taniuchi, Mami; Naylor, Caitlin; Ma, Jennie Z.; Petri, William A., Jr.] Univ Virginia, Dept Med, Charlottesville, VA USA.
   [Hague, Rashidul; Qadri, Firdausi; Alam, Masud] Icddr B, PROVIDE Study Teams, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
RP Kirkpatrick, BD (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Coll Med, Vaccine Testing Ctr, 89 Beaumont Ave, Burlington, VT 05405 USA.
EM beth.kirkpatrick@med.uvm.edu; ross.colgate@med.uvm.edu;
   jcm6t@virginia.edu; rhaque@icddrb.org; dorothy.dickson@med.uvm.edu;
   marya.carmolli@med.uvm.edu; mary-claire.walsh@med.uvm.edu;
   mt2f@cms.mail.virginia.edu; cgn5q@virginia.edu; fqadri@icddrb.org;
   jzm4h@eservices.virginia.edu; masud@icddrb.org;
   mary-claire.walsh@med.uvm.edu; sean.diehl@med.uvm.edu;
   wap3g@cms.mail.virginia.edu
FU Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
FX Support for this work was from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.
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NR 20
TC 35
Z9 35
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE
PI MCLEAN
PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA
SN 0002-9637
EI 1476-1645
J9 AM J TROP MED HYG
JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg.
PD APR
PY 2015
VL 92
IS 4
BP 744
EP 751
DI 10.4269/ajtmh.14-0518
PG 8
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine
GA CF8QY
UT WOS:000352828200013
PM 25711607
OA Green Published, Bronze
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Vasan, SK
   Fall, T
   Neville, MJ
   Antonisamy, B
   Fall, CH
   Geethanjali, FS
   Gu, HF
   Raghupathy, P
   Samuel, P
   Thomas, N
   Brismar, K
   Ingelsson, E
   Karpe, F
AF Vasan, Senthil K.
   Fall, Tove
   Neville, Matthew J.
   Antonisamy, Belavendra
   Fall, Caroline H.
   Geethanjali, Finney S.
   Gu, Harvest F.
   Raghupathy, Palany
   Samuel, Prasanna
   Thomas, Nihal
   Brismar, Kerstin
   Ingelsson, Erik
   Karpe, Fredrik
TI Associations of Variants in FTO and Near MC4R With Obesity Traits in
   South Asian Indians
SO OBESITY
LA English
DT Article
ID BODY-FAT DISTRIBUTION; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; COMMON VARIANTS; MASS INDEX;
   GENE VARIANTS; IMPACT; ADULTS; RISK; POPULATION; WEIGHT
AB Recent genome-wide association studies show that loci in FTO and melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) associate with obesity-related traits. Outside Western populations the associations between these variants have not always been consistent and in Indians it has been suggested that FTO relates to diabetes without an obvious intermediary obesity phenotype. We investigated the association between genetic variants in FTO (rs9939609) and near MC4R (rs17782313) with obesity- and type 2 diabetes (T2DM)-related traits in a longitudinal birth cohort of 2,151 healthy individuals from the Vellore birth cohort in South India. The FTO locus displayed significant associations with several conventional obesity-related anthropometric traits. The per allele increase is about 1% for BMI, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), and waist-hip ratio. Consistent associations were observed for adipose tissue-specific measurements such as skinfold thickness reinforcing the association with obesity-related traits. Obesity associations for the MC4R locus were weak or nonsignificant but a signal for height (P < 0.001) was observed. The effect on obesity-related traits for FTO was seen in adulthood, but not at younger ages. The loci also showed nominal associations with increased blood glucose but these associations were lost on BMI adjustment. The effect of FTO on obesity-related traits was driven by an urban environmental influence. We conclude that rs9939609 variant in the FTO locus is associated with measures of adiposity and metabolic consequences in South Indians with an enhanced effect associated with urban living. The detection of these associations in Indians is challenging because conventional anthropometric obesity measures work poorly in the Indian "thin-fat" phenotype.
C1 [Vasan, Senthil K.; Thomas, Nihal; Karpe, Fredrik] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Endocrinol Diabet & Metab, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [Vasan, Senthil K.; Gu, Harvest F.; Brismar, Kerstin] Karolinska Inst, Dept Mol Med & Surg, Rolf Luft Res Ctr Diabet & Endocrinol, Stockholm, Sweden.
   [Fall, Tove; Ingelsson, Erik] Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Epidemiol & Biostat, Stockholm, Sweden.
   [Neville, Matthew J.; Karpe, Fredrik] Oxford Ctr Diabet Endocrinol & Metab, Oxford, England.
   [Antonisamy, Belavendra; Samuel, Prasanna] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Biostat, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [Fall, Caroline H.] MRC, Epidemiol Unit, Southampton, Hants, England.
   [Geethanjali, Finney S.] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Clin Biochem, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [Raghupathy, Palany] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Child Hlth, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [Karpe, Fredrik] ORH Trust, NIHR Oxford Biomed Res Ctr, Oxford, England.
RP Karpe, F (reprint author), Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Endocrinol Diabet & Metab, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
EM vaskan@ki.se; Fredrik.Karpe@ocdem.ox.ac.uk
RI Fall, Tove/O-7226-2014
OI Karpe, Fredrik/0000-0002-2751-1770; Vasan, Senthil/0000-0002-3630-6568;
   Brismar, Kerstin/0000-0002-5241-514X
FU British Heart Foundation; Family Erling-Persson Foundation; Medical
   Research Council [MC_UP_A620_1016]
FX The study was supported by the British Heart Foundation. S.K.V. is
   supported by Family Erling-Persson Foundation.
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   1985, ENERGY PROTEIN REQUI
NR 36
TC 35
Z9 37
U1 0
U2 3
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI NEW YORK
PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA
SN 1930-7381
J9 OBESITY
JI Obesity
PD NOV
PY 2012
VL 20
IS 11
BP 2268
EP 2277
DI 10.1038/oby.2012.64
PG 10
WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics
SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics
GA 029JS
UT WOS:000310492200015
PM 22421923
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Gurley, ES
   Homaira, N
   Salje, H
   Ram, PK
   Haque, R
   Petri, W
   Bresee, J
   Moss, WJ
   Breysse, P
   Luby, SP
   Azziz-Baumgartner, E
AF Gurley, E. S.
   Homaira, N.
   Salje, H.
   Ram, P. K.
   Haque, R.
   Petri, W.
   Bresee, J.
   Moss, W. J.
   Breysse, P.
   Luby, S. P.
   Azziz-Baumgartner, E.
TI Indoor exposure to particulate matter and the incidence of acute lower
   respiratory infections among children: A birth cohort study in urban
   Bangladesh
SO INDOOR AIR
LA English
DT Article
DE Respiratory infection; Particulate matter; Indoor air pollution;
   Incidence; Bangladesh
ID AIR-POLLUTION; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; CHILDHOOD PNEUMONIA; RURAL
   BANGLADESH; TRACT DISEASE; RISK-FACTORS; MORTALITY; INFANTS; HEALTH;
   METAANALYSIS
AB Abstract
   Approximately half of all children under two years of age in Bangladesh suffer from an acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) each year. Exposure to indoor biomass smoke has been consistently associated with an increased risk of ALRI in young children. Our aim was to estimate the effect of indoor exposure to particulate matter (PM2.5) on the incidence of ALRI among children in a low-income, urban community in Bangladesh. We followed 257 children through two years of age to determine their frequency of ALRI and measured the PM2.5 concentrations in their sleeping space. Poisson regression was used to estimate the association between ALRI and the number of hours per day that PM2.5 concentrations exceeded 100 mu g/m(3), adjusting for known confounders. Each hour that PM2.5 concentrations exceeded 100 mu g/m(3) was associated with a 7% increase in incidence of ALRI among children aged 0-11 months (adjusted incidence rate ratio (IRR) 1.07, 95% CI 1.01-1.14), but not in children 12-23 months old (adjusted IRR 1.00, 95% CI 0.92-1.09). Results from this study suggest that reducing indoor PM2.5 exposure could decrease the frequency of ALRI among infants, the children at highest risk of death from these infections.
C1 [Gurley, E. S.; Homaira, N.; Haque, R.; Luby, S. P.; Azziz-Baumgartner, E.] Icddr B, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh.
   [Gurley, E. S.; Salje, H.; Moss, W. J.; Breysse, P.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA.
   [Ram, P. K.] SUNY Buffalo, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Profess, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA.
   [Petri, W.] Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA.
   [Bresee, J.; Luby, S. P.; Azziz-Baumgartner, E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Atlanta, GA USA.
RP Gurley, ES (reprint author), Icddr B, 68 Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh.
EM egurley@icddrb.org
RI Gurley, Emily/B-7903-2010
OI Gurley, Emily/0000-0002-8648-9403; Luby, Stephen/0000-0001-5385-899X;
   Salje, Henrik/0000-0003-3626-4254
FU United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
   [U01/CI000628-02]; National Institutes of Health, USA (NIH) [5R01
   AI043596]
FX This study was funded by the United States Centers for Disease Control
   and Prevention (CDC), grant number U01/CI000628-02 and the National
   Institutes of Health, USA (NIH), grant number 5R01 AI043596. icddr,b
   acknowledges with gratitude the commitment of CDC and NIH to its
   research efforts. The authors wish to thank the children and their
   families for their participation in this cohort. We appreciate the
   efforts of study clinic staff and field workers, and the statistical
   assistance of Jaynal Abedin and Yushuf Sharker.
CR Ahmed S, 2001, J TROP PEDIATRICS, V47, P98, DOI 10.1093/tropej/47.2.98
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NR 33
TC 34
Z9 34
U1 0
U2 21
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0905-6947
EI 1600-0668
J9 INDOOR AIR
JI Indoor Air
PD OCT
PY 2013
VL 23
IS 5
BP 379
EP 386
DI 10.1111/ina.12038
PG 8
WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Public,
   Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Public, Environmental &
   Occupational Health
GA 217TX
UT WOS:000324385600004
PM 23906055
OA Green Accepted
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Ahmed, T
   Mahfuz, M
   Islam, MM
   Mondal, D
   Hossain, MI
   Ahmed, AMS
   Tofail, F
   Gaffar, SMA
   Haque, R
   Guerrant, RL
   Petri, WA
AF Ahmed, Tahmeed
   Mahfuz, Mustafa
   Islam, Md Munirul
   Mondal, Dinesh
   Hossain, Md Iqbal
   Ahmed, A. M. Shamsir
   Tofail, Fahmida
   Gaffar, S. M. Abdul
   Haque, Rashidul
   Guerrant, Richard L.
   Petri, William A.
TI The MAL-ED Cohort Study in Mirpur, Bangladesh
SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
DE Bangladesh; birth cohort; case-control; MAL-ED; malnutrition
ID MALNUTRITION; CHILDREN
AB The Etiology, Risk Factors and Interactions of Enteric Infections and Malnutrition and the Consequences for Child Health and Development (MAL-ED) study site in Bangladesh is located in the capital city of Dhaka in an urban slum that has one of the highest population densities in the world. The site is in the Bauniabadh area of Mirpur, Dhaka. A typical squatter settlement, the average family size of households in Mirpur Bauniabadh is 4.5, with 48% females. About 20% of households have a monthly income of only US$62. About 30% of mothers never attended school, and only 3% obtained secondary school education. The majority of the people are day laborers, garment workers, and transport workers. About 72% of caregivers always wash their hands after helping the child defecate and 6.6% never wash their hands. The diarrheal attack rate for Mirpur is 4.69 episodes per child per year. The study site is representative of a typical urban slum of Dhaka city in terms of demographics, socioeconomic status, and general health indicators.
C1 [Ahmed, Tahmeed; Mahfuz, Mustafa; Islam, Md Munirul; Mondal, Dinesh; Hossain, Md Iqbal; Tofail, Fahmida; Gaffar, S. M. Abdul; Haque, Rashidul] Icddr B, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh.
   [Ahmed, A. M. Shamsir] Univ Queensland, Sch Populat Hlth, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.
   [Guerrant, Richard L.; Petri, William A.] Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA.
RP Ahmed, T (reprint author), Icddr B, Ctr Nutr & Food Secur, GPO Box 128, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh.
EM tahmeed@icddrb.org
RI Mahfuz, Mustafa/H-5923-2017
OI Mahfuz, Mustafa/0000-0002-4090-785X
FU Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation; Foundation for the National Institutes
   of Health; National Institutes of Health, Fogarty International Center;
   Australian Agency for International Development; Government of the
   People's Republic of Bangladesh; Canadian International Development
   Agency; Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency; Department
   for International Development, UK
FX The Etiology, Risk Factors, and Interactions of Enteric Infections and
   Malnutrition and the Consequences for Child Health and Development
   Project (MAL-ED) is carried out as a collaborative project supported by
   the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the Foundation for the National
   Institutes of Health, and the National Institutes of Health, Fogarty
   International Center. The icddr,b gratefully acknowledges the following
   donors that provide unrestricted support: Australian Agency for
   International Development, Government of the People's Republic of
   Bangladesh, Canadian International Development Agency, Swedish
   International Development Cooperation Agency, and the Department for
   International Development, UK.
CR Ahmed T, 1999, LANCET, V353, P1919, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(98)07499-6
   Ahmed T, 2012, J PEDIATR GASTR NUTR, V55, P626, DOI 10.1097/MPG.0b013e318272b600
   Ahmed T, 2012, J HEALTH POPUL NUTR, V30, P1
   Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh, 2011, BANGL STAT YB 2010
   Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh, 2011, 2011 BANGL POP HOUS
   Banglapedia, SEAS BANGL
   Kottek M, 2006, METEOROL Z, V15, P259, DOI 10.1127/0941-2948/2006/0130
   Mondal D, 2012, CLIN INFECT DIS, V54, P185, DOI 10.1093/cid/cir807
   National Institute of Population Research and Training  Mitra and Associates  & ICF International, 2013, BANGL DEM HLTH SURV
   National Institute of Population Research and Training  Mitra and Associates  & Macro International, 2009, BANGL DEM HLTH SURV
   Psaki SR, 2014, POPUL HEALTH METR, V12, DOI 10.1186/1478-7954-12-8
   Regional Office for South-East Asia World Health Organization, TUB S E AS BANGL COU
   UNAIDS, 2009, EP FACT SHEET HIV AI
   Weatherbase, DHAK MONTHL WEATH AV
   World Health Organization Multicentre Growth Reference Study Group, 2006, ACTA PAEDIATR, V450, P38
NR 15
TC 32
Z9 32
U1 0
U2 3
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
PI CARY
PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA
SN 1058-4838
EI 1537-6591
J9 CLIN INFECT DIS
JI Clin. Infect. Dis.
PD NOV 1
PY 2014
VL 59
SU 4
BP S280
EP S286
DI 10.1093/cid/ciu458
PG 7
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
GA AT0TJ
UT WOS:000344647400012
PM 25305298
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Lundeen, EA
   Stein, AD
   Adair, LS
   Behrinan, JR
   Bhargava, SK
   Dearden, KA
   Gigante, D
   Norris, SA
   Richter, LM
   Fall, CHD
   Martorell, R
   Sachdev, HS
   Victora, CG
AF Lundeen, Elizabeth A.
   Stein, Aryeh D.
   Adair, Linda S.
   Behrinan, Jere R.
   Bhargava, Santosh K.
   Dearden, Kirk A.
   Gigante, Denise
   Norris, Shane A.
   Richter, Linda M.
   Fall, Caroline H. D.
   Martorell, Reynaldo
   Sachdev, Harshpal Singh
   Victora, Cesar G.
CA COHORTS Investigators
TI Height-for-age z scores increase despite increasing height deficits
   among children in 5 developing countries
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
LA English
DT Article
ID MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES; NUTRITIONAL INTERVENTIONS; CRITICAL WINDOWS;
   EARLY-CHILDHOOD; GROWTH; UNDERNUTRITION; CONSEQUENCES; ADOLESCENTS;
   PATTERNS; HEALTH
AB Background: Growth failure remains a persistent challenge in many countries, and understanding child growth patterns is critical to the development of appropriate interventions and their evaluation. The interpretation of changes in mean height-for-age z scores (HAZs) over time to define catch-up growth has been a subject of debate. Most studies of child growth have been cross-sectional or have focused on children through age 5 y.
   Objective: The aim was to characterize patterns of linear growth among individuals followed from birth into adulthood.
   Design: We compared HAZs and difference in height (cm) from the WHO reference median at birth, 12 mo, 24 mo, mid-childhood, and adulthood for 5287 individuals from birth cohorts in Brazil, Guatemala, India, the Philippines, and South Africa.
   Results: Mean HAZs were <0 at birth in the 3 cohorts with data and ranged from -0.6 (Brazil) to -2.9 (Guatemala) at age 24 mo. Between 24 mo and mid-childhood, HAZ values increased by 0.3-0.5 in South Africa, Guatemala, and the Philippines and were unchanged in Brazil and India. Between mid-childhood and adulthood, mean HAZs increased in all cohorts but remained <0 in adulthood [mean range: -0.3 (Brazil) to -1.8 (Guatemala and Philippines)]. However, from 24 mo to adulthood, height differences from the reference median became greater.
   Conclusions: From age 2 y to adulthood, mean HAZs increased, even though height deficits relative to the reference median also increased. These 2 metrics may result in different interpretations of the potential for and the impact of catch-up growth in height.
C1 [Lundeen, Elizabeth A.] Emory Univ, Nutr & Hlth Sci program, Grad Div Biol & Biomed Sci, Atlanta, GA USA.
   [Stein, Aryeh D.; Martorell, Reynaldo] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Hubert Dept Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.
   [Adair, Linda S.] Univ N Carolina, Gillings Sch Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA.
   [Behrinan, Jere R.] Univ Penn, Econ Sociol & Populat Studies Ctr, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
   [Bhargava, Santosh K.] Sunderlal Jain Hosp, New Delhi, India.
   [Dearden, Kirk A.] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Boston, MA 02215 USA.
   [Dearden, Kirk A.] Boston Univ, Ctr Global Hlth & Dev, Boston, MA 02215 USA.
   [Lundeen, Elizabeth A.; Stein, Aryeh D.; Norris, Shane A.; Richter, Linda M.] Univ Witwatersrand, Dev Pathways Hlth Res Unit, Johannesburg, South Africa.
   [Richter, Linda M.] Human Sci Res Council, Durban, South Africa.
   [Fall, Caroline H. D.] Univ Southampton, MRC, Lifecourse Epidemiol Unit, Southampton, Hants, England.
   [Sachdev, Harshpal Singh] Sitaram Bhartia Inst Sci & Res, New Delhi, India.
   [Gigante, Denise; Victora, Cesar G.] Univ Fed Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
RP Stein, AD (reprint author), Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Hubert Dept Global Hlth, Mailstop 1518-002-7BB, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.
EM aryeh.stein@emory.edu
RI Victora, Cesar/D-4476-2013; Horta, Bernardo/A-7604-2008;
   Epidemiologicas, Centro de pesquisas/D-4561-2013
OI Victora, Cesar/0000-0002-2465-2180; Horta, Bernardo/0000-0001-9843-412X;
   Prabhakaran, Dorairaj/0000-0002-3172-834X; Osmond,
   Clive/0000-0002-9054-4655; Stein, Aryeh/0000-0003-1138-6458
FU Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (Global Health) [OPP1032713]; Eunice
   Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Development [R01
   HD070993]; Grand Challenges Canada [0072-03]; Wellcome Trust
   [089257/Z/09/Z]; Pelotas Birth Cohort (Brazil): Wellcome Trust; INCAP
   Nutrition Trial Cohort Study (Guatemala): NIH; New Delhi Birth Cohort
   Study (India): Indian Council of Medical Research; Cebu Longitudinal
   Health and Nutrition Study (the Philippines): NIH; Birth to Twenty
   (South Africa): Wellcome Trust; New Delhi Birth Cohort Study (India): US
   National Center for Health Statistics; New Delhi Birth Cohort Study
   (India): Medical Research Council (United Kingdom); New Delhi Birth
   Cohort Study (India): British Heart Foundation; Birth to Twenty (South
   Africa): Human Sciences Research Council; Birth to Twenty (South
   Africa): South African Medical Research Council; Birth to Twenty (South
   Africa): South-African Netherlands Programme on Alternative Development;
   Birth to Twenty (South Africa): Anglo American Chairman's Fund; Birth to
   Twenty (South Africa): University of the Witwatersrand; Medical Research
   Council [MC_UU_12011/3, G1001333, MC_UP_A620_1016, U1475000003];
   National Institute for Health Research [NF-SI-0513-10012]
FX Funding for data analysis for this article was provided by the Bill and
   Melinda Gates Foundation (Global Health grant OPP1032713), the Eunice
   Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Development
   (grant R01 HD070993), and Grand Challenges Canada (grant 0072-03). The
   Consortium of Health-orientated Research in Transitioning Societies
   (COHORTS) collaboration has received past funding from the Wellcome
   Trust (089257/Z/09/Z). Funding for the individual cohorts was as
   follows- Pelotas Birth Cohort (Brazil): Wellcome Trust; INCAP Nutrition
   Trial Cohort Study (Guatemala): NIH; New Delhi Birth Cohort Study
   (India): Indian Council of Medical Research, US National Center for
   Health Statistics, Medical Research Council (United Kingdom), and
   British Heart Foundation; Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Study
   (the Philippines): NIH; Birth to Twenty (South Africa): Wellcome Trust,
   Human Sciences Research Council, South African Medical Research Council,
   South-African Netherlands Programme on Alternative Development, Anglo
   American Chairman's Fund, and University of the Witwatersrand.
CR Black RE, 2013, LANCET, V382, P427, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60937-X
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   de Onis M, 2012, PUBLIC HEALTH NUTR, V15, P142, DOI 10.1017/S1368980011001315
   Fink G, AM J CLIN NUTR
   Hoddinott J, 2013, AM J CLIN NUTR, V98, P1170, DOI 10.3945/ajcn.113.064584
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   Marshall WA, 1986, HUMAN GROWTH COMPREH, V1
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NR 17
TC 32
Z9 34
U1 0
U2 13
PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA
SN 0002-9165
EI 1938-3207
J9 AM J CLIN NUTR
JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr.
PD SEP
PY 2014
VL 100
IS 3
BP 821
EP 825
DI 10.3945/ajcn.114.084368
PG 5
WC Nutrition & Dietetics
SC Nutrition & Dietetics
GA AN6WJ
UT WOS:000340738800012
PM 25008854
OA Green Published, Bronze
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Pathela, P
   Hasan, KZ
   Roy, E
   Huq, F
   Siddique, AK
   Sack, RB
AF Pathela, P
   Hasan, KZ
   Roy, E
   Huq, F
   Siddique, AK
   Sack, RB
TI Diarrheal illness in a cohort of children 0-2 years of age in rural
   Bangladesh: I. Incidence and risk factors
SO ACTA PAEDIATRICA
LA English
DT Article
DE birth cohort; diarrhea; incidence; risk factors
ID PERSISTENT DIARRHEA; FEEDING PRACTICES; YOUNG-CHILDREN; DISEASES;
   EPIDEMIOLOGY; COMMUNITY; CONTAMINATION; ASSOCIATION; DURATION; INFANT
AB Aim: To describe clinical characteristics and age- and season-specific incidences of diarrheal episodes, and to evaluate risk factors associated with the occurrence of diarrheal disease. Methods: A total of 252 infants from rural Bangladesh were followed through household surveillance for 2 y from birth during the years 1993-1996. Demographic and household determinants were linked to the probability of illness using logistic regression models. Results: The overall incidence of diarrhea was 4.25 episodes per child per year. Peak rates of overall, acute, and persistent diarrhea occurred in the 6-11-mo and 12-17-mo age groups. Diarrheal rates peaked during the spring and summer. Among host-related characteristics, having a sibling in the household and having had prior diarrhea were significant risk factors for diarrhea. Among environmental characteristics, spring season remained a highly statistically significant risk factor for diarrhea.
   Conclusion: Diarrheal disease continues to be a substantial burden in young children in rural Bangladesh. Most diarrheal episodes are of short duration, and should primarily be treated with oral rehydration therapy to prevent diarrhea-related mortality. Improved knowledge of oral rehydration therapy, feeding during episodes to prevent further malnutrition, prolonged breastfeeding, and the keeping of livestock in corralled areas of the home are advocated.
C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA.
   Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA.
   Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh.
RP Sack, RB (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, 615 N Wolfe St,Rm 5035, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA.
EM rsack@jhsph.edu
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NR 26
TC 31
Z9 32
U1 0
U2 5
PU WILEY
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0803-5253
EI 1651-2227
J9 ACTA PAEDIATR
JI Acta Paediatr.
PD APR
PY 2006
VL 95
IS 4
BP 430
EP 437
DI 10.1080/08035250500444875
PG 8
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA 040LX
UT WOS:000237381300010
PM 16720490
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Ajjampur, SSR
   Sankaran, P
   Kannan, A
   Sathyakumar, K
   Sarkar, R
   Gladstone, BP
   Kang, G
AF Ajjampur, Sitara S. R.
   Sankaran, Premi
   Kannan, Arun
   Sathyakumar, Kirthi
   Sarkar, Rajiv
   Gladstone, Beryl P.
   Kang, Gagandeep
TI Short Report: Giardia duodenalis Assemblages Associated with Diarrhea in
   Children in South India Identified by PCR-RFLP
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE
LA English
DT Article
ID FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; HUMAN FECES;
   GENOTYPE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INFECTION; LAMBLIA; INTESTINALIS; ROTAVIRUS;
   COMMUNITY
AB Giardial diarrhea in a birth cohort of 452 children in all urban slum in South India was characterized. Of the 155 episodes that occurred in 99 children, 73% were acute diarrhea. Children with better educated mothers and a toilet at home had lower odds of acquiring giardial diarrhea. whereas low socioeconomic status and drinking municipal water were associated with greater risk. Children with co-infections tended to have a slightly longer duration of diarrhea (P = 0.061) and showed significantly more wasting after all episode than children with diarrhea resulting from Giardia alone (P = 0.032). Among the 99 cases, 50 diarrheal and 51 asymptomatic Giardia positive samples were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) at the triose phosphate isomerase gene. Assemblage B was predominant both in giardial diarrhea (80%) and asymptomatic giardiasis (94%). Children with Assemblage A subgroup-II alone or dual infections with both assemblage A and B had diarrhea more frequently (P = 0.07).
C1 [Ajjampur, Sitara S. R.; Sankaran, Premi; Kannan, Arun; Sathyakumar, Kirthi; Kang, Gagandeep] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Gastrointestinal Sci, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [Sarkar, Rajiv; Gladstone, Beryl P.] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Community Hlth, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India.
RP Ajjampur, SSR (reprint author), Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Gastrointestinal Sci, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India.
EM sitararao@cmcvellore.ac.in; haipremi@gmail.com; k.arunkannan@gmail.com;
   kirthi86sk@gmail.com; rsarkar@cmcvellore.ac.in; berylg@cmcvellore.ac.in;
   gkang@cmcvellore.ac.in
FU Fogarty International Research Cooperative Agreement; National
   Institutes of Health [FIC R03TW2711]; Global Infectious Disease Research
   [D43 TW007392]; Fogarty International Clinical Research Scholars
   Programs
FX This work Was Supported by the Fogarty International Research
   Cooperative Agreement. National Institutes of Health grant FIC
   R03TW2711, the Global Infectious Disease Research training award D43
   TW007392. and the Fogarty International Clinical Research Scholars
   Programs.
CR Ajjampur SSR, 2007, J CLIN MICROBIOL, V45, P915, DOI 10.1128/JCM.01590-06
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NR 27
TC 30
Z9 31
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE
PI MCLEAN
PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA
SN 0002-9637
J9 AM J TROP MED HYG
JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg.
PD JAN
PY 2009
VL 80
IS 1
BP 16
EP 19
DI 10.4269/ajtmh.2009.80.16
PG 4
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine
GA 393RY
UT WOS:000262391700005
PM 19141832
OA Green Accepted
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Ramani, S
   Banerjee, I
   Gladstone, BP
   Sarkar, R
   Selvapandian, D
   Le Fevre, AM
   Jaffar, S
   Iturriza-Gomara, M
   Gray, JJ
   Estes, MK
   Brown, DW
   Kang, G
AF Ramani, Sasirekha
   Banerjee, Indrani
   Gladstone, Beryl Primrose
   Sarkar, Rajiv
   Selvapandian, David
   Le Fevre, Andrea M.
   Jaffar, Shabbar
   Iturriza-Gomara, Miren
   Gray, James J.
   Estes, Mary K.
   Brown, David W.
   Kang, Gagandeep
TI Geographic information systems and genotyping in identification of
   rotavirus G12 infections in residents of an urban slum with subsequent
   detection in hospitalized children: Emergence of G12 genotype in south
   India
SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; GROUP-A ROTAVIRUSES; NEW-DELHI; STRAINS;
   DISEASE; SEVERITY; THAILAND
AB Rotavirus infections by G12 strains in several countries have recently been described. In this study, we report the emergence of G12 strains in south India. Fourteen cases of G12 infection were identified between June and September 2005. G12 was seen in combination with P[6], P[8], or nontypeable P type. Nine cases, including five symptomatic infections and four asymptomatic infections, were identified as part of routine surveillance for rotavirus infections in a birth cohort in the community between June and July 2005. Significant temporal and time-space clustering of eight of these cases represents a possible recent introduction of a new rotavirus VP7 genotype. Previous rotavirus infections had been documented for six of the nine children in the community. In the following 2 months, five cases of G12 infection were identified among children presenting to a referral hospital with diarrhea. This is the first description of symptomatic and asymptomatic G12 infections in children in the community. The detection of G12 strains from different parts of the world in recent years suggests the possibility of its emergence as an important global genotype. Monitoring of cocirculating rotavirus strains and detection of emerging strains is important in the context of the availability of rotavirus vaccines.
C1 Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept GI Sci, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India.
   Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Community Hlth, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India.
   Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Gastrointestinal Sci, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India.
   Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London WC1E 7HT, England.
   Hlth Protect Agcy, Virus Reference Dept, Ctr Infect, London, England.
   Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol Virol & Microbiol, Houston, TX 77030 USA.
RP Kang, G (reprint author), Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept GI Sci, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India.
EM gkang@cmcvellore.ac.in
RI Iturriza Gomara, Miren/B-4351-2013
OI Iturriza Gomara, Miren/0000-0001-5816-6423; Kang,
   Gagandeep/0000-0002-3656-564X; Rehman, Andrea/0000-0001-9967-5822;
   Mukhopadhya, Indrani/0000-0003-2577-518X
FU Wellcome Trust [063144]; Medical Research Council [G0700837]
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NR 26
TC 30
Z9 31
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA
SN 0095-1137
EI 1098-660X
J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL
JI J. Clin. Microbiol.
PD FEB
PY 2007
VL 45
IS 2
BP 432
EP 437
DI 10.1128/JCM.01710-06
PG 6
WC Microbiology
SC Microbiology
GA 137CI
UT WOS:000244270000028
PM 17135437
OA Bronze, Green Published
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Bhandari, N
   Bahl, R
   Taneja, S
   Martines, J
   Bhan, MK
AF Bhandari, N
   Bahl, R
   Taneja, S
   Martines, J
   Bhan, MK
TI Pathways to infant mortality in urban slums of Delhi, India:
   Implications for improving the quality of community- and hospital-based
   programmes
SO JOURNAL OF HEALTH POPULATION AND NUTRITION
LA English
DT Article
DE infant mortality; causes of death; slums; healthcare; India
ID VERBAL AUTOPSIES; MANAGEMENT; CHILDREN; TRIAL; CARE
AB The study aimed at obtaining insights into the processes underlying infant deaths to help identify preventive interventions which may bring down infant mortality rates further. Verbal autopsies were performed on 162 deaths of liveborn infants that occurred in a birth cohort in two urban slums of Delhi, India, between February 1995 and August 1996. A structured verbal autopsy form was used for ascertaining the cause of death. The narratives of caretakers on seeking of care and treatment received for illness were reviewed to identify the actions and behaviours that might have contributed to death. Seeking of care was less common (57%) for illnesses that led to death in the first week of life than at later ages. The first-week deaths commonly (61%) occurred within 24 hours of recognition of illness which might have been too a short time for effective interventions by care providers. Only six of 45 neonates who had features of sepsis, pneumonia or meningitis, major congenital malformations, birth asphyxia, or prematurity were advised by primary care providers for hospitalization. Similarly, only 25 (41%) of 61 older infants who had severe malnutrition and sepsis or meningitis, diarrhoea or pneumonia, or other illnesses were referred to hospital. Parenteral antibiotics were prescribed less often than warranted. Only two of 16 neonates with serious bacterial infections and eight of 19 postneonates with features of sepsis or meningitis received parenteral antibiotics. Inappropriate healthcare practices were common among the practitioners of modern and indigenous systems of medicine and registered medical practitioners. Forty percent of the neonates and a little over half of the older infants, advised for hospitalization, were taken to hospital. Fifteen percent of the infants taken to hospital were refused admission. Of 21 hospitalized infants discharged alive, five (23%) died within 48 hours and 13 (62%) within a week of returning home. A major effort is required to improve skills of healthcare providers of the biomedical and indigenous systems of medicine in caring for neonates and infants. Development of home-based treatment regimens for young infants and objective criteria for their hospitalization and discharge should receive a high priority.
C1 All India Inst Med Sci, Dept Pediat, New Delhi 110029, India.
   WHO, Dept Child & Adolescent Hlth & Dev, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
RP Bhan, MK (reprint author), All India Inst Med Sci, Dept Pediat, New Delhi 110029, India.
CR Bahl R, 1998, AM J CLIN NUTR, V68, p414S, DOI 10.1093/ajcn/68.2.414S
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NR 17
TC 30
Z9 30
U1 0
U2 2
PU I C D D R B-CENTRE HEALTH POPULATION RESEARCH
PI DHAKA
PA MOHAKHALI, 1212 DHAKA, BANGLADESH
SN 1606-0997
J9 J HEALTH POPUL NUTR
JI J. Heatlh Popul. Nutr.
PD JUN
PY 2002
VL 20
IS 2
BP 148
EP 155
PG 8
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
   Health
GA 583MV
UT WOS:000177412400008
PM 12186195
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Sachdev, HPS
   Osmond, C
   Fall, CHD
   Lakshmy, R
   Ramji, S
   Biswas, SKD
   Prabhakaran, D
   Tandon, N
   Reddy, KS
   Barker, DJP
   Bhargava, SK
AF Sachdev, H. P. S.
   Osmond, C.
   Fall, C. H. D.
   Lakshmy, R.
   Ramji, S.
   Biswas, S. K. Dey
   Prabhakaran, D.
   Tandon, N.
   Reddy, K. S.
   Barker, D. J. P.
   Bhargava, S. K.
TI Predicting adult metabolic syndrome from childhood body mass index:
   follow-up of the New Delhi birth cohort
SO ARCHIVES OF DISEASE IN CHILDHOOD
LA English
DT Article
ID INSULIN-RESISTANCE; YOUNG ADULTHOOD; OBESITY; DISEASE; WEIGHT; SIZE;
   RISK
AB Objectives: To assess whether serial measurements of childhood body mass index (BMI) give clinically useful predictions of the risk of developing adult metabolic syndrome and impaired glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes.
   Design/setting: Follow-up of a community-based birth cohort in Delhi, India.
   Participants: 1492 men and women aged 26-32 years whose BMI was recorded 6-monthly throughout childhood.
   Main outcome measures: The predictive value of childhood BMI for adult metabolic syndrome and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and diabetes mellitus.
   Results: 25% of subjects had metabolic syndrome and 15% had IGT/diabetes mellitus. Both outcomes were associated with greater childhood BMI gain ( metabolic syndrome: OR 1.63 (95% CI 1.44 to 1.85); IGT/diabetes mellitus: 1.39 (1.20 to 1.60) per unit increase in within-cohort BMI SD score between 5 and 14 years). The best predictions of adult disease were obtained using a combined test comprising (i) any increase in BMI SD score between 5 and 14 years and (ii) a BMI SD score. 0 at 14 years (metabolic syndrome: sensitivity 45%, specificity 78%; IGT/diabetes mellitus: 37%, 73%). Likelihood ratios were low (metabolic syndrome: 1.4-2.0; IGT/diabetes mellitus: 1.2-1.4). A single high BMI measurement at 14 years ( overweight or obese, according to International Obesity Task Force criteria) was highly specific but insensitive ( metabolic syndrome: sensitivity 7%, specificity 97%; IGT/diabetes mellitus: 8%, 97%). Charts for plotting BMI SD scores through childhood were produced.
   Conclusions: Serial measurements of childhood BMI give useful predictions of adult risk and could guide advice to children and parents on preventing later disease.
C1 [Sachdev, H. P. S.] Sitaram Bhartia Inst Sci & Res, Dept Paediat, New Delhi, India.
   [Osmond, C.; Fall, C. H. D.; Barker, D. J. P.] Univ Southampton, Southampton Gen Hosp, MRC, Epidemiol Resource Ctr, Southampton, Hants, England.
   [Lakshmy, R.; Tandon, N.] All India Inst Med Sci, New Delhi, India.
   [Ramji, S.] Maulana Azad Med Coll, Dept Paediat, New Delhi, India.
   [Biswas, S. K. Dey] Indian Council Med Res, New Delhi, India.
   [Prabhakaran, D.] Ctr Chron Dis Control, New Delhi, India.
   [Reddy, K. S.] Publ Hlth Fdn India, New Delhi, India.
   [Bhargava, S. K.] Sunder Lal Jain Hosp, Dept Paediat, Delhi, India.
RP Sachdev, HPS (reprint author), E-6-12 Vasant Vihar, New Delhi 110057, India.
EM hpssachdev@gmail.com
RI Barker, David/A-5671-2013
OI Prabhakaran, Dorairaj/0000-0002-3172-834X; Osmond,
   Clive/0000-0002-9054-4655
FU National Centre for Health Statistics, USA; Indian Council of Medical
   Research; British Heart Foundation; Medical Research Council
   [MC_U147585821, U1475000003, G0400519]
FX The original cohort study was funded by the National Centre for Health
   Statistics, USA and the Indian Council of Medical Research, and this
   study was funded by the British Heart Foundation. All the researchers
   are independent of the funder, and the funder played no part in the
   study design, collection, analysis and interpretation of data, the
   writing of the report, or the decision to submit the article for
   publication.
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NR 22
TC 28
Z9 29
U1 1
U2 5
PU BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND
SN 0003-9888
EI 1468-2044
J9 ARCH DIS CHILD
JI Arch. Dis. Child.
PD OCT
PY 2009
VL 94
IS 10
BP 768
EP 774
DI 10.1136/adc.2008.140905
PG 7
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA 497BF
UT WOS:000270028100005
PM 19015213
OA Green Accepted
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Bhuiyan, TR
   Qadri, F
   Saha, A
   Svennerholm, AM
AF Bhuiyan, Taufiqur-Rahman
   Qadri, Firdausi
   Saha, Amit
   Svennerholm, Ann-Mari
TI Infection by Helicobacter Pylori in Bangladeshi Children From Birth to
   Two Years Relation to Blood Group, Nutritional Status, and Seasonality
SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE birth cohort; Helicobacter pylori; epidemiology
ID ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA-COLI; C-13-UREA BREATH TEST;
   DEVELOPED-COUNTRIES; COLONIZATION; PREVALENCE; LIFE; ANTIBODIES;
   CHILDHOOD; COMMUNITY; INFANTS
AB Background: A birth cohort of 238 children was followed in all urban slum in Dhaka, Bangladesh, to determine incidence, prevalence, and epidemiologic factors related to Helicobacter pylori infection.
   Methods: H. pylori infection was determined by a specific stool antigen test its well as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detecting specific IgA and IgG antibodies in sera in children who completed 2 years of follow-up.
   Results: Using the stool antigen test and serology, 50% and 60% of infants respectively, were positive for H. pylori by 2 years: an increase in the inflection rate was seen after 6 months of age. Determination of specific antibodies in sera and detection of H. pylori antigen in stool were comparable. A typical seasonality, peaking in spring and autumn, was observed for acquisition of initial H. pylori infection. Children with blood group "A" were More susceptible to H. pylori infection than those with other ABO blood groups. Malnutrition did not seem to promote colonization by H. pylori However, H. pylori-infected children were more often infected by multiple enteropathogens, often isolated at different time points.
   Conclusions: This study shows that noninvasive diagnostic methods such as serology and the stool antigen test are suitable for the Study of acquisition of H. pylori infections in infants and call be used in field settings as well as in laboratories and clinical setting having less well equipped facilities. The Study also shows seasonality for initial H. pylori infection and it relationship between blood group "A" and infection.
C1 [Qadri, Firdausi] Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Immunol Lab, Div Sci Lab, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
   [Bhuiyan, Taufiqur-Rahman; Svennerholm, Ann-Mari] Univ Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Acad, Inst Biomed, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Gothenburg, Sweden.
RP Qadri, F (reprint author), Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Immunol Lab, Div Sci Lab, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
EM fqadri@icddrb.org
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NR 41
TC 28
Z9 29
U1 0
U2 1
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA
SN 0891-3668
EI 1532-0987
J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J
JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J.
PD FEB
PY 2009
VL 28
IS 2
BP 79
EP 85
DI 10.1097/INF.0b013e31818a5d9d
PG 7
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics
GA 401OX
UT WOS:000262952100001
PM 19116602
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Kosek, MN
   Ahmed, T
   Bhutta, Z
   Caulfield, L
   Guerrant, R
   Houpt, E
   Kang, G
   Kosek, M
   Lee, G
   Lima, A
   McCormick, BJJ
   Platts-Mills, J
   Seidman, J
   Caulfield, L
   Kosek, M
   Lee, G
   McCormick, BJJ
   Seidman, J
   Blank, R
   Gottlieb, M
   Knobler, SL
   Lang, DR
   Miller, MA
   Tountas, KH
   Bhutta, ZA
   Caulfield, L
   Checkley, W
   Guerrant, RL
   Houpt, E
   Kosek, MN
   Lang, DR
   Mason, CJ
   Miller, MA
   Murray-Kolb, LE
   Petri, WA
   Seidman, JC
   Ahmed, T
   Bessong, P
   Bhutta, ZA
   Haque, R
   John, S
   Kang, G
   Kosek, MN
   Lima, AAM
   Mduma, ER
   Oria, RB
   Shrestha, PS
   Shrestha, SK
   Svensen, E
   Zaidi, AKM
   Abreu, CB
   Acosta, AM
   Ahmed, I
   Ahmed, AMS
   Ali, A
   Ambikapathi, R
   Barrett, L
   Bauck, A
   Bayyo, E
   Bodhidatta, L
   Bose, A
   Carreon, JD
   Chandyo, RK
   Charu, V
   Costa, H
   Dillingham, R
   Di Moura, A
   Doan, V
   Quirino, J
   Graham, J
   Hoest, C
   Hossain, I
   Islam, M
   Jennifer, MS
   Kaki, S
   Koshy, B
   Lee, G
   Leite, AM
   Lima, NL
   Maciel, BLL
   Mahfuz, M
   Mahopo, C
   Maphula, A
   McCormick, BJJ
   McGrath, M
   Mohale, A
   Moraes, M
   Mota, FS
   Muliyil, J
   Mvungi, R
   Nayyar, G
   Nyathi, E
   Olortegui, MP
   Oria, R
   Vasquez, AO
   Pan, WK
   Pascal, J
   Patil, CL
   Pendergast, L
   Pinedo, SR
   Platts-Mills, J
   Psaki, S
   Raghava, MV
   Ramanujam, K
   Rasheed, M
   Rasmussen, ZA
   Richard, SA
   Rose, A
   Roshan, R
   Schaefer, B
   Scharf, R
   Seidman, JC
   Sharma, SL
   Shrestha, B
   Shrestha, R
   Simons, S
   Soares, AM
   Mota, RMS
   Soofi, S
   Strand, T
   Tofail, F
   Thomas, RJ
   Turab, A
   Ulak, M
   Wang, V
   Yarrot, L
   Yori, PP
   Alam, D
   Ambikapathi, R
   Amour, C
   Chavez, CB
   Babji, S
   De Burga, RR
   Doan, V
   Flores, JT
   Gratz, J
   George, AT
   Hariraju, D
   Havt, A
   Houpt, E
   Karunakaran, P
   Lazarus, RP
   Lima, IF
   McGrath, M
   Mondal, D
   Medeiros, PHQS
   Nshama, R
   Quetz, J
   Qureshi, S
   Raju, S
   Ramachandran, A
   Ramadas, R
   Ross, AC
   Salas, MS
   Samie, A
   Schulze, K
   Seidman, JC
   Sundaram, ES
   Swema, BM
   Trigoso, DR
AF Kosek, Margaret N.
   Ahmed, Tahmeed
   Bhutta, Zulfiquar
   Caulfield, Laura
   Guerrant, Richard
   Houpt, Eric
   Kang, Gagandeep
   Kosek, Margaret
   Lee, Gwenyth
   Lima, Aldo
   McCormick, Benjamin J. J.
   Platts-Mills, James
   Seidman, Jessica
   Caulfield, Laura
   Kosek, Margaret
   Lee, Gwenyth
   McCormick, Benjamin J. J.
   Seidman, Jessica
   Blank, R.
   Gottlieb, Michael
   Knobler, Stacey L.
   Lang, Dennis R.
   Miller, Mark A.
   Tountas, Karen H.
   Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.
   Caulfield, Laura
   Checkley, William
   Guerrant, Richard L.
   Houpt, Eric
   Kosek, Margaret N.
   Lang, Dennis R.
   Mason, Carl J.
   Miller, Mark A.
   Murray-Kolb, Laura E.
   Petri, William A., Jr.
   Seidman, Jessica C.
   Ahmed, Tahmeed
   Bessong, Pascal
   Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.
   Haque, Rashidul
   John, Sushil
   Kang, Gagandeep
   Kosek, Margaret N.
   Lima, Aldo A. M.
   Mduma, Estomih R.
   Oria, Reinaldo B.
   Shrestha, Prakash Sunder
   Shrestha, Sanjaya Kumar
   Svensen, Erling
   Zaidi, Anita K. M.
   Abreu, Claudia B.
   Acosta, Angel Mendez
   Ahmed, Imran
   Ahmed, A. M. Shamsir
   Ali, Asad
   Ambikapathi, Ramya
   Barrett, Leah
   Bauck, Aubrey
   Bayyo, Eliwaza
   Bodhidatta, Ladaporn
   Bose, Anuradha
   Carreon, J. Daniel
   Chandyo, Ram Krishna
   Charu, Vivek
   Costa, Hilda
   Dillingham, Rebecca
   Di Moura, Alessandra
   Doan, Viyada
   Quirino Filho, Jose
   Graham, Jhanelle
   Hoest, Christel
   Hossain, Iqbal
   Islam, Munirul
   Jennifer, M. Steffi
   Kaki, Shiny
   Koshy, Beena
   Lee, Gwenyth
   Leite, Alvaro M.
   Lima, NoLia L.
   Maciel, Bruna L. L.
   Mahfuz, Mustafa
   Mahopo, Cloupas
   Maphula, Angelina
   McCormick, Benjamin J. J.
   McGrath, Monica
   Mohale, Archana
   Moraes, Milena
   Mota, Francisco S.
   Muliyil, Jayaprakash
   Mvungi, Regisiana
   Nayyar, Gaurvika
   Nyathi, Emanuel
   Olortegui, Maribel Paredes
   Oria, Reinaldo
   Vasquez, Angel Orbe
   Pan, William K.
   Pascal, John
   Patil, Crystal L.
   Pendergast, Laura
   Pinedo, Silvia Rengifo
   Platts-Mills, James
   Psaki, Stephanie
   Raghava, Mohan Venkata
   Ramanujam, Karthikeyan
   Rasheed, Muneera
   Rasmussen, Zeba A.
   Richard, Stephanie A.
   Rose, Anuradha
   Roshan, Reeba
   Schaefer, Barbara
   Scharf, Rebecca
   Seidman, Jessica C.
   Sharma, Srujan L.
   Shrestha, Binob
   Shrestha, Rita
   Simons, Suzanne
   Soares, Alberto M.
   Mota, Rosa M. S.
   Soofi, Sajid
   Strand, Tor
   Tofail, Fahmida
   Thomas, Rahul J.
   Turab, Ali
   Ulak, Manjeswori
   Wang, Vivian
   Yarrot, Ladislaus
   Yori, Pablo Penataro
   Alam, Didar
   Ambikapathi, Ramya
   Amour, Caroline
   Chavez, Cesar Banda
   Babji, Sudhir
   De Burga, Rosa Rios
   Doan, Viyada
   Flores, Julian Torres
   Gratz, Jean
   George, Ajila T.
   Hariraju, Dinesh
   Havt, Alexandre
   Houpt, Eric
   Karunakaran, Priyadarshani
   Lazarus, Robin P.
   Lima, Ila F.
   McGrath, Monica
   Mondal, Dinesh
   Medeiros, Pedro H. Q. S.
   Nshama, Rosemary
   Quetz, Josiane
   Qureshi, Shahida
   Raju, Sophy
   Ramachandran, Anup
   Ramadas, Rakhi
   Ross, A. Catharine
   Salas, Mery Siguas
   Samie, Amidou
   Schulze, Kerry
   Seidman, Jessica C.
   Sundaram, Shanmuga E.
   Swema, Buliga Mujaga
   Trigoso, Dixner Rengifo
CA MAL-ED Network Investigators
   Data Anal Grp
   Sample Processing Management
TI Causal Pathways from Enteropathogens to Environmental Enteropathy:
   Findings from the MAL-ED Birth Cohort Study
SO EBIOMEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
DE Enteropathy; Undernutrition; Stunting; Enteropathogen; Child growth;
   Child health
ID INTESTINAL PERMEABILITY; ENTERIC DYSFUNCTION; RURAL BANGLADESH;
   NUTRITIONAL-STATUS; GAMBIAN CHILDREN; BARRIER FUNCTION; GUT MICROBIOTA;
   LINEAR GROWTH; INFLAMMATION; INFANTS
AB Background: Environmental enteropathy (EE), the adverse impact of frequent and numerous enteric infections on the gut resulting in a state of persistent immune activation and altered permeability, has been proposed as a key determinant of growth failure in children in low- and middle-income populations. A theory-driven systems model to critically evaluate pathways through which enteropathogens, gut permeability, and intestinal and systemic inflammation affect child growth was conducted within the framework of the Etiology, Risk Factors and Interactions of Enteric Infections and Malnutrition and the Consequences for Child Health and Development (MAL-ED) birth cohort study that included children from eight countries.
   Methods: Non-diarrheal stool samples (N-22,846) from 1253 children from multiple sites were evaluated for a panel of 40 enteropathogens and fecal concentrations of myeloperoxidase, alpha-1-antitrypsin, and neopterin. Among these same children, urinary lactulose: mannitol (L:M) (N=6363) and plasma alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) (N=2797) were also measured. The temporal sampling design was used to create a directed acyclic graph of proposed mechanistic pathways between enteropathogen detection in non-diarrheal stools, biomarkers of intestinal permeability and inflammation, systemic inflammation and change in length- and weight- for age in children 0-2 years of age.
   Findings: Children in these populations had frequent enteric infections and high levels of both intestinal and systemic inflammation. Higher burdens of enteropathogens, especially those categorized as being enteroinvasive or causing mucosal disruption, were associated with elevated biomarker concentrations of gut and systemic inflammation and, via these associations, indirectly associated with both reduced linear and ponderal growth. Evidence for the association with reduced linear growth was stronger for systemic inflammation than for gut inflammation; the opposite was true of reduced ponderal growth. Although Giardia was associated with reduced growth, the association was not mediated by any of the biomarkers evaluated.
   Interpretation: The large quantity of empirical evidence contributing to this analysis supports the conceptual model of EE. The effects of EE on growth faltering in young children were small, but multiple mechanistic pathways underlying the attribution of growth failure to asymptomatic enteric infections had statistical support in the analysis. The strongest evidence for EE was the association between enteropathogens and linear growth mediated through systemic inflammation.
   Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. (C) 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Acosta, Angel Mendez; Olortegui, Maribel Paredes; Vasquez, Angel Orbe; Pinedo, Silvia Rengifo; Chavez, Cesar Banda; De Burga, Rosa Rios; Flores, Julian Torres; Salas, Mery Siguas; Trigoso, Dixner Rengifo] AB PRISMA, Iquitos, Peru.
   [Zaidi, Anita K. M.; Ahmed, Imran; Ali, Asad; Rasheed, Muneera; Soofi, Sajid; Turab, Ali; Alam, Didar; Qureshi, Shahida] Aga Khan Univ, Karachi, Pakistan.
   [Mason, Carl J.; Bodhidatta, Ladaporn] Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok, Thailand.
   [John, Sushil; Kang, Gagandeep; Bose, Anuradha; Jennifer, M. Steffi; Kaki, Shiny; Koshy, Beena; Muliyil, Jayaprakash; Raghava, Mohan Venkata; Ramanujam, Karthikeyan; Rose, Anuradha; Roshan, Reeba; Sharma, Srujan L.; Thomas, Rahul J.; Babji, Sudhir; George, Ajila T.; Hariraju, Dinesh; Karunakaran, Priyadarshani; Lazarus, Robin P.; Raju, Sophy; Ramachandran, Anup; Ramadas, Rakhi; Sundaram, Shanmuga E.] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [Pan, William K.] Duke Univ, Durham, NC USA.
   [Knobler, Stacey L.; Checkley, William; Carreon, J. Daniel; Charu, Vivek; Quirino Filho, Jose; Graham, Jhanelle; Hoest, Christel; McCormick, Benjamin J. J.; Mohale, Archana; Nayyar, Gaurvika; Pan, William K.; Psaki, Stephanie; Rasmussen, Zeba A.; Richard, Stephanie A.; Schaefer, Barbara; Wang, Vivian] NIH, Fogarty Int Center, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
   [Blank, R.; Gottlieb, Michael; Tountas, Karen H.] Fdn NIH, Bethesda, MD USA.
   [Mduma, Estomih R.; Svensen, Erling; Bayyo, Eliwaza; Mvungi, Regisiana; Pascal, John; Yarrot, Ladislaus; Amour, Caroline; Nshama, Rosemary; Swema, Buliga Mujaga] Haydom Lutheran Hosp, Haydom, Tanzania.
   [Ahmed, Tahmeed; Haque, Rashidul; Ahmed, A. M. Shamsir; Hossain, Iqbal; Islam, Munirul; Mahfuz, Mustafa; Tofail, Fahmida; Mondal, Dinesh] Haydom Lutheran Hosp, Haydom, Tanzania.
   [Shrestha, Prakash Sunder; Chandyo, Ram Krishna; Shrestha, Rita; Ulak, Manjeswori; Ross, A. Catharine] Icddr, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
   [Caulfield, Laura; Checkley, William; Kosek, Margaret N.; Bauck, Aubrey; Lee, Gwenyth; Yori, Pablo Penataro] Tribhuvan Univ, Inst Med, Kathmandu, Nepal.
   [Murray-Kolb, Laura E.; Schaefer, Barbara; Simons, Suzanne; Ross, A. Catharine] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA.
   [Pendergast, Laura] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
   [Lima, Aldo A. M.; Oria, Reinaldo B.; Abreu, Claudia B.; Costa, Hilda; Di Moura, Alessandra; Quirino Filho, Jose; Leite, Alvaro M.; Lima, NoLia L.; Maciel, Bruna L. L.; Moraes, Milena; Mota, Francisco S.; Oria, Reinaldo; Soares, Alberto M.; Mota, Rosa M. S.; Havt, Alexandre; Lima, Ila F.; Medeiros, Pedro H. Q. S.; Quetz, Josiane] Temple Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA.
   [Strand, Tor] Univ Fed Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil.
   [Patil, Crystal L.] Univ Bergen, N-5020 Bergen, Norway.
   [Bessong, Pascal; Mahopo, Cloupas; Maphula, Angelina; Nyathi, Emanuel; Samie, Amidou] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL USA.
   [Guerrant, Richard L.; Petri, William A., Jr.; Barrett, Leah; Dillingham, Rebecca; Platts-Mills, James; Scharf, Rebecca; Gratz, Jean] Univ Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa.
   [Shrestha, Sanjaya Kumar; Shrestha, Binob; Strand, Tor] Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA.
   [Svensen, Erling] Walter Reed AFRIMS Res Unit, Kathmandu, Nepal.
   [Svensen, Erling] Haukeland Hosp, Bergen, Norway.
RP Kosek, MN (reprint author), AB PRISMA, Iquitos, Peru.
EM mkosek@jhu.edu; rebecca.blank@gmail.com; mgottlieb@fnih.org;
   Stacey.Knobler@nih.gov; Lang4@fnih.org; Mark.Miller3@nih.gov;
   ktountas@fnih.org; zulfiqar.bhutta@aku.edu; lcaulfi1@jhu.edu;
   wcheckl1@jhmi.edu; guerrant@virginia.edu; erh6k@virginia.edu;
   mkosek@jhmi.edu; Lang4@fnih.org; carlmason@icloud.com;
   Mark.Miller3@nih.gov; lem118@psu.edu; wap3g@virginia.edu;
   Jessica.Seidman@nih.gov; tahmeed@icddrb.org;
   pascal.bessong@univen.ac.za; zulfiqar.bhutta@aku.edu; rhaque@icddrb.org;
   rikkisush@cmcvellore.ac.in; gkang@cmcvellore.ac.in; mkosek@jhmi.edu;
   alima@ufc.br; estomih.mduma@haydom.co.tz;
   rbo5u@hscmail.mcc.virginia.edu; prakashsunder@hotmail.com;
   ShresthaSK@afrims.org; Erling.Svensen@cih.uib.no; anita.zaidi@aku.edu;
   claudia_beghini2004@yahoo.com.br; amendez@prisma.org.pe;
   imran.ahmed@aku.edu; a.ahmed@uq.net.au; asad.ali@aku.edu;
   rambikapathi@gmail.com; ljbarrett@mindspring.com; abauck1@jhu.edu;
   elb.bayo@gmail.com; ladapornb@afrims.org; abose@cmcvellore.ac.in;
   carreonj@mail.nih.gov; ram.chandyo@uib.no; vcharu@jhsph.edu;
   hildacosta@hotmail.com; rd8v@virginia.edu;
   ferrer.alessandra@yahoo.com.br; Viyada.Doan@nih.gov;
   jqf_ce@yahoo.com.br; jhalexia@gmail.com; christel.host@nih.gov;
   ihossain@icddrb.org; mislam@icddrb.org; stefjeni.11@gmail.com;
   shinykaki@gmail.com; beenakoshy1@rediffmail.com; gwenyth.lee@gmail.com;
   alvaromadeiro@yahoo.com.br; brunalimamaciel@gmail.com;
   mustafa@icddrb.org; mahopotc@gmail.com; angelina.maphula@univen.ac.za;
   ben.mccormick@gmail.com; mcgrath.monica@gmail.com; mohalea@mail.nih.gov;
   milenamaia@hotmail.com; sulivan.mota@iprede.org.br; jpmuliyil@gmail.com;
   regisiana@yahoo.com; gaurvika@gmail.com; Emanuel.Nyathi@univen.ac.za;
   mparedeso@prisma.org.pe; rbo5u@hscmail.mcc.virginia.edu;
   angel_orbe@hotmail.com; william.pan@duke.edu;
   johnagustinopaschal@gmail.com; cpatil@uic.edu;
   laura.pendergast@temple.edu; laura.pendergast@temple.edu;
   siguase36@hotmail.com; jp5t@hscmail.mcc.virginia.edu;
   spsaki@popcouncil.org; venkat@cmcvellore.ac.in;
   karthikeyan05@yahoo.co.in; muneera.rasheed@aku.edu;
   Zeba.Rasmussen@nih.gov; Stephanie.Richard@nih.gov;
   anurose@cmcvellore.ac.in; reebageorge@hotmail.com; bas19@psu.edu;
   rebeccascharf@virginia.edu; Jessica.Seidman@nih.gov;
   srujan.sharma@gmail.com; binobs@afrims.org; ritas_12@yahoo.com;
   sxs126@psu.edu; soaresam@ufc.br; rosa@dema.ufc.br; sajid.soofi@aku.edu;
   Tors@me.com; ftofail@icddrb.org; rj_thomas99@yahoo.com;
   turab.ali@aku.edu; manjeswori@gmail.com; aijun.wang@nih.gov;
   ladisblacy@yahoo.com; pyori@jhsph.edu; didar.alam@aku.edu;
   rambikapathi@gmail.com; lyneamour@gmail.com; cebchavez@yahoo.com;
   sudhirbabji@cmcvellore.ac.in; rosaburga@gmail.com; Viyada.Doan@nih.gov;
   jflores@prisma.org.pe; jean.gratz@gmail.com; agilatgeorge@gmail.com;
   dinesh85@gmail.com; ahavtbinda@gmail.com; erh6k@virginia.edu;
   priyadarshinicmc15@gmail.com; robin.lazarus@gmail.com;
   ilafarm@yahoo.com.br; mcgrath.monica@gmail.com; din63d@icddrb.org;
   phquintela@hotmail.com; nshamarosemary@yahoo.com; jquetz@gmail.com;
   shahida.qureshi@aku.edu; sophyraju@gmail.com; anuprama@yahoo.co.uk;
   rakhi.ram9@gmail.com; Acr6@psu.edu; msiguas@prisma.org.pe;
   samieamidou@yahoo.com; kschulz1@jhu.edu; Jessica.Seidman@nih.gov;
   shanmugame@cmcvellore.ac.in; buligamujaga@yahoo.co.uk;
   drengifo@prisma.org.pe
RI Lima, Aldo/D-8251-2018; Mahfuz, Mustafa/H-5923-2017
OI Lima, Aldo/0000-0002-0299-1747; Mahfuz, Mustafa/0000-0002-4090-785X;
   Scharf, Rebecca/0000-0002-3381-5594; MASON, CARL/0000-0002-3676-2811;
   Havt, Alexandre/0000-0002-4546-2976; Oria, Reinaldo/0000-0002-6914-5481;
   Quetz, Josiane/0000-0001-7889-003X; Bessong, Pascal/0000-0003-0561-272X;
   Strand, Tor/0000-0002-4038-151X
FU Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation [47075]; Foundation for the National
   Institutes of Health; National Institutes of Health, Fogarty
   International Center
FX The Etiology, Risk Factors and Interactions of Enteric Infections and
   Malnutrition and the Consequences for Child Health and Development
   Project (MAL-ED) is carried out as a collaborative project supported by
   the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (47075), the Foundation for the
   National Institutes of Health, and the National Institutes of Health,
   Fogarty International Center. We particularly want to thank the children
   and caregivers who participated in the study for their invaluable
   contributions. Tom Brewer and Gretchen Meller are also thanked for their
   early support of the project. We are truly indebted to the following
   individuals for their advisory role in the MAL-ED study: Henry Binder,
   Maureen Black, Kathleen Braden, Robert Breiman, Susan Bull, Katherine
   Dewey, Christopher Duggan, Christine Grady, Gerry Keusch, Nancy Krebs,
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   Katherine Tucker and Theodore Wachs. Fraser Lewis is recognized and
   appreciated for his critical review of and guidance on the analytical
   methods and statistical approaches applied in the MAL-ED study. We thank
   Leslie Pray and Alicia Livinski for their editorial assistance. Special
   thanks go to Roger Glass and George Griffin for their continued support
   and guidance.
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NR 52
TC 27
Z9 27
U1 3
U2 6
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 2352-3964
J9 EBIOMEDICINE
JI EBioMedicine
PD APR
PY 2017
VL 18
BP 109
EP 117
DI 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.02.024
PG 9
WC Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine, Research & Experimental
SC General & Internal Medicine; Research & Experimental Medicine
GA EV9KO
UT WOS:000402105100021
PM 28396264
OA DOAJ Gold, Green Published
HC Y
HP N
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Ajjampur, SSR
   Sarkar, R
   Sankaran, P
   Kannan, A
   Menon, VK
   Muliyil, J
   Ward, H
   Kang, G
AF Ajjampur, Sitara S. R.
   Sarkar, Rajiv
   Sankaran, Premi
   Kannan, Arun
   Menon, Vipin K.
   Muliyil, Jayaprakash
   Ward, Honorine
   Kang, Gagandeep
TI Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Cryptosporidium Infections in Children in a
   Semi-Urban Slum Community in Southern India
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE
LA English
DT Article
ID PERUVIAN CHILDREN; NORTHEAST BRAZIL; MULTIPLEX PCR; BIRTH COHORT;
   DIARRHEA; PARVUM; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ASSOCIATION; ROTAVIRUS; CHILDHOOD
AB Cryptosporidium is a leading cause of childhood diarrhea in de eloping countries We investigated symp tomatic and asymptomatic cryptosporidiosis in 20 children less than two years of age in a semi urban slum in southern India All surveillance (conducted every two weeks) and diarrheal samples from 20 children (n = 1 036) with cryptospo ridial diarrhea previously identified by stool microscopy were tested by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism for species and subgenotype determination Thirty five episodes of cryptosporidiosis were identified in 20 children of which 25 were diarrhea' Fifteen episodes were associated with prolonged oocyst shedding Multiple episodes of cryptosporidiosis occurred in 40% of the children Most infections were with C hominis, subtype la Children with multiple infections had significantly lower weight for age and height for age Z scores at 24 months but had scores comparable with children with a single episode by 36 months Multiple symptomatic Cryptosporidium infections associated with prolonged oocyst shedding occur frequently in this disease endemic area and may contribute to the long term effects of cryptosporidiosis on physical growth in these children
C1 [Ajjampur, Sitara S. R.; Sarkar, Rajiv; Sankaran, Premi; Kannan, Arun; Menon, Vipin K.; Kang, Gagandeep] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Gastrointestinal Sci, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [Muliyil, Jayaprakash] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Community Hlth, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [Ward, Honorine] Tufts Med Ctr, Div Geog Med & Infect Dis, Boston, MA USA.
RP Kang, G (reprint author), Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Gastrointestinal Sci, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India.
OI Menon, Vipin/0000-0001-7404-678X; Kang, Gagandeep/0000-0002-3656-564X
FU Fogarty International Research [R03TW2711]; Global Infectious Disease
   [D43TW007392]; Wellcome Trust [063144]
FX This study was supported by Fogarty International Research Cooperative
   Agreement R03TW2711 and Global Infectious Disease Training Grant
   D43TW007392 National Institutes of Health Birth cohort studies were
   supported by Wellcome Trust Grant 063144
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NR 35
TC 26
Z9 28
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE
PI MCLEAN
PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA
SN 0002-9637
EI 1476-1645
J9 AM J TROP MED HYG
JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg.
PD NOV
PY 2010
VL 83
IS 5
BP 1110
EP 1115
DI 10.4269/ajtmh.2010.09.0644
PG 6
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine
GA 679TV
UT WOS:000284184600029
PM 21036847
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Veena, SR
   Krishnaveni, GV
   Wills, AK
   Kurpad, AV
   Muthayya, S
   Hill, JC
   Karat, SC
   Nagarajaiah, KK
   Fall, CHD
   Srinivasan, K
AF Veena, Sargoor R.
   Krishnaveni, Ghattu V.
   Wills, Andrew K.
   Kurpad, Anura V.
   Muthayya, Sumithra
   Hill, Jacqueline C.
   Karat, Samuel C.
   Nagarajaiah, Kiran K.
   Fall, Caroline H. D.
   Srinivasan, Krishnamachari
TI Association of Birthweight and Head Circumference at Birth to Cognitive
   Performance in 9-to 10-Year-Old Children in South India: Prospective
   Birth Cohort Study
SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID POSTNATAL-GROWTH; NEONATAL ANTHROPOMETRY; INTRAUTERINE GROWTH; BRAIN
   VOLUME; CHILDHOOD; INTELLIGENCE; INFANTS; LIFE; OUTCOMES; BORN
AB To examine whether birthweight and head circumference at birth are associated with childhood cognitive ability in South India, cognitive function was assessed using three core tests from the Kaufman Assessment Battery for children and additional tests measuring long-term retrieval/storage, attention and concentration, and visuospatial and verbal abilities among 505 full-term born children (mean age 9.7 y). In multiple linear regression adjusted for age, sex, gestation, socioeconomic status, parent's education, maternal age, parity, body mass index, height, rural/urban residence, and time of testing, Atlantis score (learning ability/long-term storage and retrieval) rose by 0.1 SD per SD increase in newborn weight and head circumference, respectively (p < 0.05 for all), and Kohs' block design score (visuospatial ability) increased by 0.1 SD per SD increase in birthweight (p < 0,05). The associations were reduced after further adjustment for current head circumference. There were no associations of birthweight and/or head circumference with measures of short-term memory, fluid reasoning, verbal abilities, and attention and concentration. In conclusion, higher birthweight and larger head circumference at birth are associated with better childhood cognitive ability. The effect may be specific to learning. long-term storage and retrieval, and visuospatial abilities, but this requires confirmation by further research. (Pediatr Res 67: 424-429, 2010)
C1 [Veena, Sargoor R.; Krishnaveni, Ghattu V.; Karat, Samuel C.; Nagarajaiah, Kiran K.] Holdsworth Mem Hosp, Epidemiol Res Unit, Mysore 570021, Karnataka, India.
   [Wills, Andrew K.; Hill, Jacqueline C.; Fall, Caroline H. D.] Southampton Gen Hosp, MRC, Epidemiol Resource Ctr, Southampton SO16 6YD, Hants, England.
   [Kurpad, Anura V.; Muthayya, Sumithra; Srinivasan, Krishnamachari] St Johns Natl Acad Hlth Sci, St Johns Res Inst, Bangalore 560034, Karnataka, India.
RP Veena, SR (reprint author), Holdsworth Mem Hosp, Epidemiol Res Unit, POB 38, Mysore 570021, Karnataka, India.
EM veenasr@gmail.com
OI Krishnaveni, Ghattu V/0000-0002-6532-8272
FU Parthenon Trust, Switzerland; Wellcome Trust; Medical Research Council,
   United Kingdom; Medical Research Council [MC_UP_A620_1016, U1475000003]
FX Supported by the Parthenon Trust, Switzerland, the Wellcome Trust and
   Medical Research Council, United Kingdom.
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NR 45
TC 26
Z9 26
U1 0
U2 8
PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC
PI BALTIMORE
PA 351 W CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA
SN 0031-3998
J9 PEDIATR RES
JI Pediatr. Res.
PD APR
PY 2010
VL 67
IS 4
BP 424
EP 429
DI 10.1203/PDR.0b013e3181d00b45
PG 6
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA 573AU
UT WOS:000275881600016
PM 20032815
OA Green Accepted, Bronze
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Lakshmy, R
   Fall, CHD
   Sachdev, HS
   Osmond, C
   Prabhakaran, D
   Biswas, SD
   Tandon, N
   Ramji, S
   Reddy, KS
   Barker, DJP
   Bhargava, SK
AF Lakshmy, Ramakrishnan
   Fall, Caroline H. D.
   Sachdev, Harshpal Singh
   Osmond, Clive
   Prabhakaran, Dorairaj
   Biswas, Sushant Dey
   Tandon, Nikhil
   Ramji, Siddharth
   Reddy, Kolli Srinath
   Barker, David J. P.
   Bhargava, Santosh K.
TI Childhood body mass index and adult pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic
   risk factors: data from the New Delhi birth cohort
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Birth weight; growth; C-reactive protein; fibrinogen; plasminogen
   activator inhibitor-1
ID C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE;
   WEIGHT-GAIN; METABOLIC SYNDROME; LIFE-COURSE; FACTOR-VII;
   CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; PLASMA-FIBRINOGEN; YOUNG ADULTHOOD
AB Objective Weight gain and growth in early life may influence adult pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic cardiovascular risk factors.
   Methods Follow-up of a birth cohort in New Delhi, India, whose weight and height were measured every 6 months until age 21 years. Body mass index (BMI) at birth, during infancy (2 years), childhood (11 years) and adulthood (26-32 years) and BMI gain between these ages were analysed in 886 men and 640 women with respect to adult fibrinogen, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) concentrations.
   Results All the pro-inflammatory/pro-thrombotic risk factors were higher in participants with higher adiposity. In women, BMI at birth and age 2 years was inversely related to fibrinogen (P = 0.002 and 0.05) and, after adjusting for adult adiposity, to hsCRP (P = 0.02 and 0.009). After adjusting for adult adiposity, BMI at 2 years was inversely related to hsCRP and PAI-1 concentrations (P < 0.001 and 0.02) in men. BMI gain between 2 and 11 years and/or 11 years to adulthood was positively associated with fibrinogen and hsCRP in women and with hsCRP and PAI-1 in men.
   Conclusions Thinness at birth or during infancy, and accelerated BMI gain during childhood/adolescence are associated with a pro-inflammatory/pro-thrombotic state in adult life. An altered inflammatory state could be one link between small newborn/infant size and adult cardiovascular disease. Associations between pro-inflammatory markers and childhood/adolescent BMI gain are probably mediated through adult adiposity.
C1 [Lakshmy, Ramakrishnan; Tandon, Nikhil] All India Inst Med Sci, Dept Cardiac Biochem, Dept Endocrinol, New Delhi 110029, India.
   [Fall, Caroline H. D.; Osmond, Clive; Barker, David J. P.] MRC Epidemiol Resource Ctr, Southampton, Hants, England.
   [Bhargava, Santosh K.] Sunder Lal Jain Hosp, Dept Pediat, New Delhi, India.
   [Reddy, Kolli Srinath] Publ Hlth Fdn India, New Delhi, India.
   [Ramji, Siddharth] Maulana Azad Med Coll, Dept Pediat, New Delhi, India.
   [Sachdev, Harshpal Singh] Sitaram Bhartia Inst Sci & Res, Dept Pediat & Clin Epidemiol, New Delhi, India.
   [Biswas, Sushant Dey] Indian Council Med Res, New Delhi, India.
   [Prabhakaran, Dorairaj] Ctr Chron Dis Control, New Delhi, India.
RP Lakshmy, R (reprint author), All India Inst Med Sci, Dept Cardiac Biochem, Dept Endocrinol, New Delhi 110029, India.
EM lakshmy_ram@yahoo.com
OI Osmond, Clive/0000-0002-9054-4655; Prabhakaran,
   Dorairaj/0000-0002-3172-834X
FU British Heart Foundation [RG98001]; National Center for Health
   Statistics; Indian Council of Medical Research; Medical Research Council
   [MC_UP_A620_1016]
FX British Heart Foundation (grant RG98001). The original cohort studies
   were supported by the National Center for Health Statistics and the
   Indian Council of Medical Research.
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NR 47
TC 25
Z9 26
U1 0
U2 7
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 0300-5771
J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL
JI Int. J. Epidemiol.
PD FEB
PY 2011
VL 40
IS 1
BP 102
EP 111
DI 10.1093/ije/dyq121
PG 10
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA 739MC
UT WOS:000288720900013
PM 20660641
OA Green Accepted, Bronze
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Pathela, P
   Hasan, KZ
   Roy, E
   Alam, K
   Huq, F
   Siddique, AK
   Sack, RB
AF Pathela, P
   Hasan, KZ
   Roy, E
   Alam, K
   Huq, F
   Siddique, AK
   Sack, RB
TI Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis-associated diarrhea in children 0-2
   years of age in rural Bangladesh
SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
ID CHILDHOOD DIARRHEA; DISEASE; PREVALENCE; LAMBS
AB The burden of enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF)-related diarrhea was determined in a birth cohort of 252 children in rural Bangladesh. Isolation rates of ETBF in stool and risk factors for acquisition of ETBF and disease were established. Of 382 B. fragilis-positive specimens, 14.4% of the strains found in them produced enterotoxin, as determined by a tissue-culture assay. The overall isolation rate of ETBF was 2.3% (40/1750) from diarrheal specimens and 0.3% (15/5679) from nondiarrheal specimens collected throughout the 2 years of the study (P < .001). ETBF was isolated from 20.3% (40/197) of the B. fragilis-positive diarrheal specimens and from 8.1% (15/185) of the B. fragilis-positive nondiarrheal specimens (P < .001) and was significantly associated with acute diarrheal disease in children >= 1 year of age (P = .0001). The diarrheal illness was mild in nature. In conditional multivariate analyses that examined environmental and host risk factors, the presence of livestock in the household area was linked to the acquisition of ETBF (chickens, P < .05; cows, P = .06). ETBF was found to be a small but significant contributor to diarrheal disease in this rural community. Improved management of livestock may be useful for the prevention of ETBF infection.
C1 Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA.
   Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA.
   Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh.
RP Sack, RB (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, 615 N Wolfe St,Rm 5035, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA.
EM rsack@jhsph.edu
CR Albert MJ, 1999, J CLIN MICROBIOL, V37, P3458
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NR 22
TC 24
Z9 25
U1 0
U2 0
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA
SN 0022-1899
J9 J INFECT DIS
JI J. Infect. Dis.
PD APR 15
PY 2005
VL 191
IS 8
BP 1245
EP 1252
DI 10.1086/428947
PG 8
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
GA 908QR
UT WOS:000227804500008
PM 15776370
OA Bronze
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Hamadani, JD
   Tofail, F
   Huda, SN
   Alam, DS
   Ridout, DA
   Attanasio, O
   Grantham-McGregor, SM
AF Hamadani, Jena D.
   Tofail, Fahmida
   Huda, Syed N.
   Alam, Dewan S.
   Ridout, Deborah A.
   Attanasio, Orazio
   Grantham-McGregor, Sally M.
TI Cognitive Deficit and Poverty in the First 5 Years of Childhood in
   Bangladesh
SO PEDIATRICS
LA English
DT Article
DE poverty; growth; cognition; home stimulation; parental education;
   MINIMat
ID MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES; YOUNG-CHILDREN; SOCIOECONOMIC GRADIENTS; BIRTH
   COHORT; WEIGHT-GAIN; SUPPLEMENTATION; INFANTS; GROWTH; INDONESIA;
   EDUCATION
AB OBJECTIVE: We aimed to determine the timing and size of the cognitive deficit associated with poverty in the first 5 years of life and to examine the role of parental characteristics, pre- and postnatal growth, and stimulation in the home in Bangladeshi children. We hypothesized that the effect of poverty on cognition begins in infancy and is mainly mediated by these factors.
   METHODS: We enrolled 2853 singletons, a subsample from a pregnancy supplementation trial in a poor rural area. We assessed mental development at 7, 18, and 64 months; anthropometry at birth, 12, 24, and 64 months; home stimulation at 18 and 64 months; and family's socioeconomic background. In multiple regression analyses, we examined the effect of poverty at birth on IQ at 64 months and the extent that other factors mediated the effect.
   RESULTS: A mean cognitive deficit of 0.2 (95% confidence interval -0.4 to -0.02) z scores between the first and fifth wealth quintiles was apparent at 7 months and increased to 1.2 (95% confidence interval -1.3 to -1.0) z scores of IQ by 64 months. Parental education, pre- and postnatal growth in length, and home stimulation mediated 86% of the effects of poverty on IQ and had independent effects. Growth in the first 2 years had larger effects than later growth. Home stimulation had effects throughout the period.
   CONCLUSIONS: Effects of poverty on children's cognition are mostly mediated through parental education, birth size, growth in the first 24 months, and home stimulation in the first 5 years.
C1 [Hamadani, Jena D.; Tofail, Fahmida; Alam, Dewan S.] Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
   [Huda, Syed N.] Univ Dhaka, Inst Nutr & Food Sci, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh.
   [Ridout, Deborah A.] UCL, Ctr Paediat Epidemiol & Biostat, London, England.
   [Grantham-McGregor, Sally M.] UCL, Ctr Int Hlth & Dev, Inst Child Hlth, London, England.
   [Attanasio, Orazio] UCL, Dept Econ, London, England.
RP Hamadani, JD (reprint author), Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Ctr Child & Adolescent Hlth, Child Dev Unit, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
EM jena@icddrb.org
FU United Nations Children's Fund; UK Medical Research Council; Swedish
   Research Council; Department for International Development;
   International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh; Global
   Health Research Fund-Japan; Child Health and Nutrition Research
   Initiative; Uppsala University; US Agency for International Development;
   EU project Public Health Impact of long-term, low-level Mixed element
   Exposure in susceptible population strata, European Community
   [FOOD-CT-2006-016253]; Swedish International Development Cooperation
   Agency; Karolinska Institutet; Department for Research Cooperation;
   Economic and Social Research Council [ES/K010700/1]
FX The Maternal and Infant Nutrition Intervention in Matlab study was
   funded by the United Nations Children's Fund, UK Medical Research
   Council, Swedish Research Council, Department for International
   Development, International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research,
   Bangladesh, Global Health Research Fund-Japan, Child Health and
   Nutrition Research Initiative, Uppsala University, and the US Agency for
   International Development. This work was also supported by the EU
   project Public Health Impact of long-term, low-level Mixed element
   Exposure in susceptible population strata, sponsored by the European
   Community (FOOD-CT-2006-016253; the European Community is not liable for
   any use that may be made of the information contained therein), the
   Swedish Research Council, the Swedish International Development
   Cooperation Agency and their Department for Research Cooperation, and
   Karolinska Institutet.
CR Adair LS, 2013, LANCET, V382, P525, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60103-8
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NR 38
TC 23
Z9 23
U1 0
U2 11
PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS
PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE
PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA
SN 0031-4005
EI 1098-4275
J9 PEDIATRICS
JI Pediatrics
PD OCT
PY 2014
VL 134
IS 4
BP E1001
EP E1008
DI 10.1542/peds.2014-0694
PG 8
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA AQ9CV
UT WOS:000343140500009
PM 25266433
OA Bronze
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Kabir, Z
   Long, J
   Reddaiah, VP
   Kevany, J
   Kapoor, SK
AF Kabir, Z
   Long, J
   Reddaiah, VP
   Kevany, J
   Kapoor, SK
TI Non-specific effect of measles vaccination on overall child mortality in
   an area of rural India with high vaccination coverage: a
   population-based case-control study
SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION
LA English
DT Article
DE measles vaccine; infant mortality; treatment outcome; sensitivity and
   specificity; socioeconomic factors; case-control studies; India (source
   : MeSH, NLM)
ID VITAMIN-A SUPPLEMENTATION; GUINEA-BISSAU; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES;
   BALLABGARH PROJECT; CONTROLLED TRIAL; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; WEST-AFRICA;
   IMMUNIZATION; SURVIVAL; MORBIDITY
AB Objective. To determine whether vaccination against measles in a population with sustained high vaccination coverage and relatively low child mortality reduces overall child mortality.
   Methods In April and May 2000, a population-based, case-control study was conducted at Ballabgarh (an area in rural northern India). Eligible cases were 330 children born between 1 January 1991 and 31 December 1998 who died aged 12-59 months. A programme,was used to match 320 controls for age, sex, family size, and area of residence from a birth cohort of 15 578 born during the same time period.
   Findings The analysis used 318 matched pairs and suggested that children aged 12-59 months who did not receive measles vaccination in infancy were three times more likely to die than those vaccinated against measles. Children from lower caste households who were not vaccinated in infancy had the highest risk of mortality (odds ratio, 8.9). A 27%-increase in child mortality was attributable to failure to vaccinate against measles in the study population.
   Conclusion Measles vaccine seems to have a non-specific reducing effect on overall child mortality in this population. If true, children in lower castes may reap the greatest gains in survival. The findings should be interpreted with caution because the nutritional status of the children was not recorded and may be a residual confounder. "All-cause mortality" is a potentially useful epidemiological endpoint for future vaccine trials.
C1 Comprehens Rural Hlth Serv Project, AIIMS, Haryana, India.
   Adelaide & Meath Hosp, Natl Childrens Hosp, Trinity Coll, Ctr Hlth Sci,Dept Community Hlth & Gen Practice, Dublin, Ireland.
   All India Inst Med Sci, Ctr Community Med, New Delhi, India.
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NR 45
TC 23
Z9 23
U1 0
U2 2
PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION
PI GENEVA 27
PA MARKETING AND DISSEMINATION, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND
SN 0042-9686
J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN
JI Bull. World Health Organ.
PY 2003
VL 81
IS 4
BP 244
EP 250
PG 7
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA 672AE
UT WOS:000182497600004
PM 12764490
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Mukhopadhya, I
   Sarkar, R
   Menon, VK
   Babji, S
   Paul, A
   Rajendran, P
   Sowmyanarayanan, TV
   Moses, PD
   Iturriza-Gomara, M
   Gray, JJ
   Kang, G
AF Mukhopadhya, Indrani
   Sarkar, Rajiv
   Menon, Vipin Kumar
   Babji, Sudhir
   Paul, Anu
   Rajendran, Priya
   Sowmyanarayanan, Thuppal V.
   Moses, Prabhakar D.
   Iturriza-Gomara, Miren
   Gray, James J.
   Kang, Gagandeep
TI Rotavirus shedding in symptomatic and asymptomatic children using
   reverse transcription-quantitative PCR
SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE rotavirus; RT-qPCR; virus shedding; children
ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; GROUP-A ROTAVIRUS; REACTION RT-PCR; BIRTH
   COHORT; SOUTH-INDIA; ACUTE GASTROENTERITIS; CLINICAL SEVERITY; COMMUNITY
   COHORT; BILIARY ATRESIA; STOOL SPECIMENS
AB Reverse transcription-real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) for the VP6 gene was used to study group A rotavirus shedding in children with symptomatic and asymptomatic rotavirus infection. Sequential stool samples (n=345) from 10 children with rotavirus associated diarrhea and from five children (n=161) with asymptomatic rotavirus infection were collected over a period of 2 months. A RT-qPCR assay on the samples using a rotavirus VP6 plasmid standard demonstrated high reproducibility, with an inter-assay coefficient of variation (CV) of 1.40-2.97% and an intra-assay CV of 0.03-3.03%. The median duration of shedding was longer in children with diarrhea compared to asymptomatic children (24 days vs. 18 days; P=0.066). The median quantitation cycle (C-q) at presentation in symptomatic children was 17.21 compared to 30.98 in asymptomatic children (P=0.086). The temporal pattern in symptomatic children consisted of a high initial viral shedding coinciding with the duration of diarrhea, followed by a rapid fall, and then a small increase in secondary shedding 21 days later. Compared to children with rotavirus diarrhea, those with asymptomatic infection shed lower quantities of virus throughout the observation period. No difference was noted between the G and P genotypes of samples collected at onset of infection and during the shedding period. Shedding was intermittent in a subset of children in both groups. RT-qPCR is a useful method to characterize shedding patterns. J. Med. Virol. 85:1661-1668, 2013. (c) 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
C1 [Mukhopadhya, Indrani; Sarkar, Rajiv; Menon, Vipin Kumar; Babji, Sudhir; Paul, Anu; Rajendran, Priya; Sowmyanarayanan, Thuppal V.; Kang, Gagandeep] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Gastrointestinal Sci, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [Moses, Prabhakar D.] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Child Hlth, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [Iturriza-Gomara, Miren; Gray, James J.] Hlth Protect Agcy, Ctr Infect, Enter Virus Unit, Virus Reference Dept, London, England.
RP Kang, G (reprint author), Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Gastrointestinal Sci, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India.
EM gkang@cmcvellore.ac.in
OI Kang, Gagandeep/0000-0002-3656-564X; Menon, Vipin/0000-0001-7404-678X;
   Mukhopadhya, Indrani/0000-0003-2577-518X
FU Wellcome Trust under the Trilateral Cooperative Initiative for Research
   in Infectious Diseases in the Developing World [063144]; Fogarty
   International Center Global Infectious Disease Research Training Program
   [D43 TW007392]
FX Grant sponsor: Wellcome Trust under the Trilateral Cooperative
   Initiative for Research in Infectious Diseases in the Developing World;
   Grant number: 063144; Grant sponsor: Fogarty International Center Global
   Infectious Disease Research Training Program (to R. S., V. K. M., S. B.,
   A. P., and P. R.); Grant number: D43 TW007392.
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NR 36
TC 22
Z9 23
U1 1
U2 13
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0146-6615
J9 J MED VIROL
JI J. Med. Virol.
PD SEP
PY 2013
VL 85
IS 9
BP 1661
EP 1668
DI 10.1002/jmv.23641
PG 8
WC Virology
SC Virology
GA 181WD
UT WOS:000321699700024
PM 23775335
OA Green Accepted
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Arndt, MB
   Richardson, BA
   Ahmed, T
   Mahfuz, M
   Haque, R
   John-Stewart, GC
   Denno, DM
   Petri, WA
   Kosek, M
   Walson, JL
AF Arndt, Michael B.
   Richardson, Barbra A.
   Ahmed, Tahmeed
   Mahfuz, Mustafa
   Haque, Rashidul
   John-Stewart, Grace C.
   Denno, Donna M.
   Petri, William A., Jr.
   Kosek, Margaret
   Walson, Judd L.
CA Coordination MAL-ED Network
TI Fecal Markers of Environmental Enteropathy and Subsequent Growth in
   Bangladeshi Children
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE
LA English
DT Article
ID MAL-ED COHORT; INFLAMMATORY-BOWEL-DISEASE; MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES;
   ENTERIC DYSFUNCTION; LATE CHILDHOOD; PROTEIN LOSS; UNDERNUTRITION;
   ALPHA-1-ANTITRYPSIN; INTERVENTIONS; CONSEQUENCES
AB Environmental enteropathy (EE), a subclinical intestinal disorder characterized by mucosal inflammation, reduced barrier integrity, and malabsorption, appears to be associated with increased risk of stunting in children in low- and middle-income countries. Fecal biomarkers indicative of EE (neopterin [NEO], myeloperoxidase [MPO], and alpha-1-antitrypsin [AAT]) have been negatively associated with 6-month linear growth. Associations between fecal markers (NEO, MPO, and AAT) and short-term linear growth were examined in a birth cohort of 246 children in Bangladesh. Marker concentrations were categorized in stool samples based on their distribution (< first quartile, interquartile range, > third quartile), and a 10-point composite EE score was calculated. Piecewise linear mixed-effects models were used to examine the association between markers measured quarterly (in months 3-21, 3-9, and 12-21) and 3-month change in length-for-age z-score (Delta LAZ). Children with high MPO levels at quarterly time points lost significantly more LAZ per 3-month period during the second year of life than those with low MPO (Delta LAZ = -0.100; 95% confidence interval = -0.167 to -0.032). AAT and NEO were not associated with growth; however, composite EE score was negatively associated with subsequent 3-month growth. In this cohort of children from an urban setting in Bangladesh, elevated MPO levels, but not NEO or AAT levels, were associated with decreases in short-term linear growth during the second year of life, supporting previous data suggesting the relevance of MPO as a marker of EE.
C1 [Arndt, Michael B.; John-Stewart, Grace C.; Walson, Judd L.] Univ Washington, Dept Epidemiol, Box 357236, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
   [Richardson, Barbra A.] Univ Washington, Dept Biostat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
   [Richardson, Barbra A.; John-Stewart, Grace C.; Denno, Donna M.; Walson, Judd L.] Univ Washington, Dept Global Hlth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
   [John-Stewart, Grace C.; Walson, Judd L.] Univ Washington, Dept Med, Seattle, WA USA.
   [John-Stewart, Grace C.; Denno, Donna M.; Walson, Judd L.] Univ Washington, Dept Pediat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
   [Ahmed, Tahmeed; Mahfuz, Mustafa; Denno, Donna M.; Walson, Judd L.] Icddr B, Nutr & Clin Serv Div, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
   [Haque, Rashidul] Icddr B, Parasitol Lab, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
   [Petri, William A., Jr.] Univ Virginia, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis & Int Hlth, Charlottesville, VA USA.
   [Kosek, Margaret] Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA.
   [Kosek, Margaret] Asociac Benef Proyectos Informat Salud Med & Agr, Lima, Peru.
   [Walson, Judd L.] Childhood Acute Illness & Nutr Network CHAIN, Nairobi, Kenya.
   [Kosek, Margaret] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Div Global Dis Epidemiol & Control, Baltimore, MD USA.
RP Arndt, MB (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Epidemiol, Box 357236, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
EM marndt@uw.edu; barbrar@uw.edu; tahmeed@icddrb.org; mustafa@icddrb.org;
   rhaque@icddrb.org; gjohn@uw.edu; ddenno@uw.edu; wap3g@virginia.edu;
   mkosek@jhu.edu; walson@uw.edu
OI Arndt, Michael/0000-0001-9063-0644
FU Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation EED Planning Grant
FX This research and publication were made possible with support from the
   Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation EED Planning Grant.
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NR 36
TC 21
Z9 21
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE
PI MCLEAN
PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA
EI 1476-1645
J9 AM J TROP MED HYG
JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 95
IS 3
BP 694
EP 701
DI 10.4269/ajtmh.16-0098
PG 8
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine
GA ET3VA
UT WOS:000400206400037
PM 27352872
OA Green Published, Bronze
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Veena, SR
   Krishnaveni, GV
   Srinivasan, K
   Kurpad, AV
   Muthayya, S
   Hill, JC
   Kiran, KN
   Fall, CHD
AF Veena, S. R.
   Krishnaveni, G. V.
   Srinivasan, K.
   Kurpad, A. V.
   Muthayya, S.
   Hill, J. C.
   Kiran, K. N.
   Fall, C. H. D.
TI Childhood cognitive ability: relationship to gestational diabetes
   mellitus in India
SO DIABETOLOGIA
LA English
DT Article
DE Children; Cognitive function; Gestational diabetes mellitus; India
ID SOUTH-INDIA; PREGNANCY
AB Our aim was to test the hypothesis that gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in mothers is associated with poorer cognitive ability in their offspring in India.
   During 1997 to 1998 maternal GDM status was assessed by OGTT at 30 +/- 2 weeks of gestation. Between 2007 and 2008, at a mean age of 9.7 years, 515 children (32 offspring of GDM mothers [ODM]; 483 offspring of non-GDM mothers [controls]) from the Mysore Parthenon birth cohort underwent cognitive function assessment using tests from the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children-Second Edition and additional tests measuring learning, long-term storage/retrieval, short-term memory, reasoning, attention and concentration, and visuo-spatial and verbal abilities.
   Compared with controls, ODM scored higher in tests for learning, long-term retrieval/storage (p = 0.008), reasoning (p = 0.02), verbal ability (p = 0.01), and attention and concentration (p = 0.003). In multiple regression, adjusted for the child's age, sex, gestation, neonatal weight and head circumference, maternal age, parity and BMI, and the parent's socioeconomic status, education and rural/urban residence, this difference remained significant only for learning, long-term retrieval/storage (beta = 0.4 SD (95% CI 0.01-0.75); p = 0.04) and verbal ability (beta = 0.5 SD (95% CI 0.09-0.83); p = 0.02), and not with other test scores.
   In this population of healthy Indian children, there was no evidence of lower cognitive ability in ODM. In fact some cognitive scores were higher in ODM.
C1 [Veena, S. R.; Krishnaveni, G. V.; Kiran, K. N.] Holdsworth Mem Hosp, Epidemiol Res Unit, Mysore 570021, Karnataka, India.
   [Srinivasan, K.; Kurpad, A. V.; Muthayya, S.] St Johns Natl Acad Hlth Sci, St Johns Res Inst, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
   [Hill, J. C.; Fall, C. H. D.] Southampton Gen Hosp, MRC Epidemiol Resource Ctr, Southampton SO9 4XY, Hants, England.
RP Veena, SR (reprint author), Holdsworth Mem Hosp, Epidemiol Res Unit, POB 38, Mysore 570021, Karnataka, India.
EM veenasr@gmail.com
OI Krishnaveni, Ghattu V/0000-0002-6532-8272
FU Parthenon Trust, Switzerland; Wellcome Trust, UK; Medical Research
   Council, UK; Medical Research Council [MC_UP_A620_1016, G0400519,
   MC_U147585821, U1475000003]
FX We are grateful to the families for their participation. We thank all
   the staff of the Holdsworth Memorial Hospital Obstetric Department, I.
   Annamma, Lalitha, B. Balappa, G. Singh, Savitha, M.N. Swarnagowri, M.N.
   Jayakumar, A. Saroja, S. Geetha, K.J. Chachyamma and S.J. Manohar (from
   Epidemiology Research Unit, HMH, Mysore), A.V. Ramthal and P.T. Pakkal
   (from St John's Research Institute, Bangalore), J. Pearce and P. Coakley
   (from MRC Epidemiology Resource Centre, Southampton) for their
   contributions, and Sneha-India for its support. The study was funded by
   the Parthenon Trust, Switzerland, the Wellcome Trust, UK, and the
   Medical Research Council, UK.
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NR 11
TC 21
Z9 22
U1 0
U2 8
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0012-186X
J9 DIABETOLOGIA
JI Diabetologia
PD OCT
PY 2010
VL 53
IS 10
BP 2134
EP 2138
DI 10.1007/s00125-010-1847-0
PG 5
WC Endocrinology & Metabolism
SC Endocrinology & Metabolism
GA 647IT
UT WOS:000281612600009
PM 20614102
OA Green Accepted, Bronze
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Raghupathy, P
   Antonisamy, B
   Geethanjali, FS
   Saperia, J
   Leary, SD
   Priya, G
   Richard, J
   Barker, DJP
   Fall, CHD
AF Raghupathy, Palany
   Antonisamy, Belavendra
   Geethanjali, Finney S.
   Saperia, Julia
   Leary, Samantha D.
   Priya, G.
   Richard, Joseph
   Barker, David J. P.
   Fall, Caroline H. D.
TI Glucose tolerance, insulin resistance and insulin secretion in young
   south Indian adults: Relationships to parental size, neonatal size and
   childhood body mass index
SO DIABETES RESEARCH AND CLINICAL PRACTICE
LA English
DT Article
DE Type 2 diabetes mellitus; Impaired glucose tolerance; Insulin
   resistance; Childhood body mass index; Young adulthood
ID BIRTH-WEIGHT; FETAL-GROWTH; TAMIL-NADU; PREVALENCE; INTOLERANCE;
   METABOLISM; PREGNANCY; DISEASE; OBESITY; RISK
AB Objective: To study the relationship of newborn size and post-natal growth to glucose intolerance in south Indian adults.
   Research design and methods: 2218 men and women (mean age 28 years) were studied from a population-based birth cohort born, in a large town and adjacent rural villages. The prevalence of adult diabetes mellitus [DM] and impaired glucose tolerance [IGT], and insulin resistance and insulin secretion (calculated) were examined in relation to BMI and height at birth, and in infancy, childhood and adolescence and changes in BMI and height between these stages.
   Results: Sixty-two (2.8%) subjects had Type 2 diabetes (DM) and 362 (16.3%) had impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). IGT and DM combined (IGT/DM) and insulin resistance were associated with low childhood body mass index (BMI) (p < 0.001 for both) and above-average BMI gain between childhood or adolescence and adult life (p < 0.001 for both). There were no direct associations between birthweight or infant size and IGT/DM; however, after adjusting for adult BMI, lower birthweight was associated with an increased risk.
   Conclusions: The occurrence of IGT and Type 2 DM is associated with thinness at birth and in childhood followed by accelerated BMI gain through adolescence. (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.
C1 [Raghupathy, Palany] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Child Hlth, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [Antonisamy, Belavendra; Priya, G.; Richard, Joseph] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Biostat, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [Geethanjali, Finney S.] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Clin Biochem, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [Saperia, Julia; Leary, Samantha D.; Barker, David J. P.; Fall, Caroline H. D.] Univ Southampton, Southampton Gen Hosp, MRC, Epidemiol Resource Ctr, Southampton SO16 6YD, Hants, England.
RP Raghupathy, P (reprint author), 39,6th Cross Rd,35th Main,KAS Officers Colony,BTM, Bangalore 560068, Karnataka, India.
EM p.raghupathy@gmail.com
RI Berryman, Katie/J-4236-2014; Barker, David/A-5671-2013; Leary,
   Sam/B-4456-2016
FU British Heart Foundation [RG/98001]; Medical Research Council (UK);
   Sneha-India; Medical Research Council [MC_UP_A620_1016, G0400519,
   MC_U147585821, U1475000003]
FX This study was supported by the British Heart Foundation and the Medical
   Research Council (UK). We thank the subjects who participated, the
   medical officers, field and laboratory staff, Abel Rajaratnam and R.
   Selvakumar for their kind co-operation. We also acknowledge the support
   of Sneha-India.; Funding: British Heart Foundation (RG/98001).
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NR 32
TC 21
Z9 23
U1 1
U2 6
PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD
PI CLARE
PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000,
   IRELAND
SN 0168-8227
J9 DIABETES RES CLIN PR
JI Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract.
PD FEB
PY 2010
VL 87
IS 2
BP 283
EP 292
DI 10.1016/j.diabres.2009.11.015
PG 10
WC Endocrinology & Metabolism
SC Endocrinology & Metabolism
GA 561OU
UT WOS:000274988300023
PM 20115937
OA Green Accepted
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Rogawski, ET
   Bartelt, LA
   Platts-Mills, JA
   Seidman, JC
   Samie, A
   Havt, A
   Babji, S
   Trigoso, DR
   Qureshi, S
   Shakoor, S
   Haque, R
   Mduma, E
   Bajracharya, S
   Gaffar, SMA
   Lima, AAM
   Kang, G
   Kosek, MN
   Ahmed, T
   Svensen, E
   Mason, C
   Bhutta, ZA
   Lang, DR
   Gottlieb, M
   Guerrant, RL
   Houpt, ER
   Bessong, PO
AF Rogawski, Elizabeth T.
   Bartelt, Luther A.
   Platts-Mills, James A.
   Seidman, Jessica C.
   Samie, Amidou
   Havt, Alexandre
   Babji, Sudhir
   Trigoso, Dixner Rengifo
   Qureshi, Shahida
   Shakoor, Sadia
   Haque, Rashidul
   Mduma, Estomih
   Bajracharya, Samita
   Gaffar, S. M. Abdul
   Lima, Aldo A. M.
   Kang, Gagandeep
   Kosek, Margaret N.
   Ahmed, Tahmeed
   Svensen, Erling
   Mason, Carl
   Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.
   Lang, Dennis R.
   Gottlieb, Michael
   Guerrant, Richard L.
   Houpt, Eric R.
   Bessong, Pascal O.
CA MAL-ED Network Investigators
TI Determinants and Impact of Giardia Infection in the First 2 Years of
   Life in the MAL-ED Birth Cohort
SO JOURNAL OF THE PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASES SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
DE children; Giardia; growth; intestinal permeability; risk factors
ID DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; LAMBLIA INFECTION; PHYSICAL GROWTH;
   YOUNG-CHILDREN; DIARRHEA; DISEASE; DUODENALIS; INTESTINALIS;
   INFLAMMATION; MICROBIOME
AB Background. Giardia are among the most common enteropathogens detected in children in low-resource settings. We describe here the epidemiology of infection with Giardia in the first 2 years of life in the Etiology, Risk Factors, and Interactions of Enteric Infections and Malnutrition and the Consequences for Child Health and Development Project (MAL-ED), a multisite birth-cohort study.
   Methods. From 2089 children, 34 916 stool samples collected during monthly surveillance and episodes of diarrhea were tested for Giardia using an enzyme immunoassay. We quantified the risk of Giardia detection, identified risk factors, and assessed the associations with micronutrients, markers of gut inflammation and permeability, diarrhea, and growth using multivariable linear regression.
   Results. The incidence of at least 1 Giardia detection varied according to site (range, 37.7%-96.4%) and was higher in the second year of life. Exclusive breastfeeding (HR for first Giardia detection in a monthly surveillance stool sample, 0.46 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.28-0.75]), higher socioeconomic status (HR, 0.74 [95% CI, 0.56-0.97]), and recent metronidazole treatment (risk ratio for any surveillance stool detection, 0.69 [95% CI, 0.56-0.84]) were protective. Persistence of Giardia (consecutive detections) in the first 6 months of life was associated with reduced subsequent diarrheal rates in Naushahro Feroze, Pakistan but not at any other site. Giardia detection was also associated with an increased lactulose/mannitol ratio. Persistence of Giardia before 6 months of age was associated with a -0.29 (95% CI, -0.53 to -0.05) deficit in weight-for-age z score and -0.29 (95% CI, -0.64 to 0.07) deficit in length-for-age z score at 2 years.
   Conclusions. Infection with Giardia occurred across epidemiological contexts, and repeated detections in 40% of the children suggest that persistent infections were common. Early persistent infection with Giardia, independent of diarrhea, might contribute to intestinal permeability and stunted growth.
C1 [Rogawski, Elizabeth T.; Platts-Mills, James A.; Guerrant, Richard L.; Houpt, Eric R.] Univ Virginia, Div Infect Dis & Int Hlth, Charlottesville, VA USA.
   [Bartelt, Luther A.] Univ N Carolina, Div Infect Dis, Chapel Hill, NC USA.
   [Seidman, Jessica C.] NIH, Fogarty Int Ctr, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
   [Samie, Amidou; Bessong, Pascal O.] Univ Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa.
   [Havt, Alexandre; Lima, Aldo A. M.] Univ Fed Ceara, Clin Res Unit, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil.
   [Havt, Alexandre; Lima, Aldo A. M.] Univ Fed Ceara, Inst Biomed, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil.
   [Babji, Sudhir; Kang, Gagandeep] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [Trigoso, Dixner Rengifo; Kosek, Margaret N.] Asociac Benef PRISMA, Iquitos, Peru.
   [Qureshi, Shahida; Shakoor, Sadia; Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.] Aga Khan Univ, Karachi, Pakistan.
   [Haque, Rashidul; Gaffar, S. M. Abdul; Ahmed, Tahmeed] Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
   [Mduma, Estomih] Haydom Lutheran Hosp, Haydom, Tanzania.
   [Bajracharya, Samita] Walter Reed AFRIMS Res Unit Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal.
   [Kosek, Margaret N.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA.
   [Svensen, Erling] Haukeland Hosp, Bergen, Norway.
   [Mason, Carl] Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok, Thailand.
   [Lang, Dennis R.; Gottlieb, Michael] Fdn Natl Inst Hlth, Bethesda, MD USA.
RP Rogawski, ET (reprint author), POB 801379,Carter Harrison Res Bldg MR 6, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA.
EM etr5m@virginia.edu
RI Lima, Aldo/D-8251-2018
OI Lima, Aldo/0000-0002-0299-1747; Bessong, Pascal/0000-0003-0561-272X;
   MASON, CARL/0000-0002-3676-2811; Oria, Reinaldo/0000-0002-6914-5481;
   Havt, Alexandre/0000-0002-4546-2976
FU Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation; Foundation for the National
   Institutes of Health; National Institutes of Health Fogarty
   International Center [D43-TW009359]
FX MAL-ED is carried out as a collaborative project supported by the Bill
   and Melinda Gates Foundation, the Foundation for the National Institutes
   of Health, and the National Institutes of Health Fogarty International
   Center (grant D43-TW009359 to E.T.R.).
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NR 40
TC 20
Z9 20
U1 1
U2 1
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 2048-7193
EI 2048-7207
J9 J PEDIATR INFECT DIS
JI J. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. Soc.
PD JUN
PY 2017
VL 6
IS 2
BP 153
EP 160
DI 10.1093/jpids/piw082
PG 8
WC Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics
SC Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics
GA FO2PF
UT WOS:000416621100010
PM 28204556
OA Green Published, Bronze
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Kattula, D
   Sarkar, R
   Sivarathinaswamy, P
   Velusamy, V
   Venugopal, S
   Naumova, EN
   Muliyil, J
   Ward, H
   Kang, G
AF Kattula, Deepthi
   Sarkar, Rajiv
   Sivarathinaswamy, Prabhu
   Velusamy, Vasanthakumar
   Venugopal, Srinivasan
   Naumova, Elena N.
   Muliyil, Jayaprakash
   Ward, Honorine
   Kang, Gagandeep
TI The first 1000 days of life: prenatal and postnatal risk factors for
   morbidity and growth in a birth cohort in southern India
SO BMJ OPEN
LA English
DT Article
ID DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; MATERNAL ANEMIA; AIR-POLLUTION; URBAN SLUMS;
   CHILDREN; HEALTH; WEIGHT; MORTALITY; DETERMINANTS; INFECTIONS
AB Objective: To estimate the burden and assess prenatal and postnatal determinants of illnesses experienced by children residing in a semiurban slum, during the first 1000 days of life.
   Design: Community-based birth cohort
   Setting: Southern India
   Participants: Four hundred and ninety-seven children of 561 pregnant women recruited and followed for 2 years with surveillance and anthropometry.
   Main outcome measure: Incidence rates of illness; rates of clinic visits and hospitalisations; factors associated with low birth weight, various illnesses and growth.
   Results: Data on 10 377.7 child-months of follow-up estimated an average rate of 14.8 illnesses/child-year. Gastrointestinal and respiratory illnesses were 20.6% and 47.8% of the total disease burden, respectively. The hospitalisation rate reduced from 46/100 child-years during infancy to 19/100 child-years in the second year. Anaemia during pregnancy (OR=2.3, 95% CI=1.08 to 5.18), less than four antenatal visits (OR=6.8, 95% CI=2.1 to 22.5) and preterm birth (OR=3.3, 95% CI=1.1 to 9.7) were independent prenatal risk factors for low birth weight. Female gender (HR=0.88, 95% CI=0.79 to 0.99) and 6 months of exclusive breast feeding (HR=0.76, 95% CI=0.66 to 0.88) offered protection against all morbidity. Average monthly height and weight gain were lower in female child and children exclusively breast fed for 6 months.
   Conclusions: The high morbidity in Indian slum children in the first 1000 days of life was mainly due to prenatal factors and gastrointestinal and respiratory illness. Policymakers need disease prevalence and pathways to target high-risk groups with appropriate interventions in the community.
C1 [Kattula, Deepthi; Sarkar, Rajiv; Sivarathinaswamy, Prabhu; Velusamy, Vasanthakumar; Venugopal, Srinivasan; Naumova, Elena N.; Muliyil, Jayaprakash; Ward, Honorine; Kang, Gagandeep] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Gastrointestinal Sci, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [Naumova, Elena N.] Tufts Univ, Sch Engn, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Medford, MA 02155 USA.
   [Ward, Honorine] Tufts Med Ctr, Div Geog Med & Infect Dis, Boston, MA USA.
RP Kang, G (reprint author), Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Gastrointestinal Sci, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
EM gkang@cmcvellore.ac.in
OI Kang, Gagandeep/0000-0002-3656-564X
FU National Institutes of Health/NIAID [R01 AI072222]; Fogarty
   International Center [D43 TW007392]
FX This study was supported by the National Institutes of Health/NIAID R01
   AI072222 (HW). DK was supported by Fogarty International Center training
   grant D43 TW007392 (GK).
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NR 57
TC 20
Z9 21
U1 1
U2 8
PU BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND
SN 2044-6055
J9 BMJ OPEN
JI BMJ Open
PY 2014
VL 4
IS 7
AR e005404
DI 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005404
PG 10
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA AM2ZS
UT WOS:000339720900104
PM 25056979
OA DOAJ Gold, Green Published
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Khandelwal, S
   Reddy, KS
AF Khandelwal, S.
   Reddy, K. S.
TI Eliciting a policy response for the rising epidemic of
   overweight-obesity in India
SO OBESITY REVIEWS
LA English
DT Article
DE India; non-communicable diseases; obesity; overweight
ID DELHI BIRTH COHORT; BODY-MASS INDEX; MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES; ACTIVITY
   QUESTIONNAIRE IPAQ; NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES; ADULT METABOLIC SYNDROME;
   PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; NONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASES; RISK-FACTORS; NUTRITION
   TRANSITION
AB India is experiencing multiple transitions with respect to nutrition patterns, epidemiology and demography. Along with staggering childhood undernutrition, a rapid rise in chronic diseases and their risk factors including overweight-obesity (O-O), among all sections of society, is compounding India's health challenges. We present an overview of the O-O scenario (prevalence, determinants) and profile existing initiatives to address this modifiable risk factor in India. Urgent attention from all sectors, committed resources, policy support and targeted actions are warranted to combat the dual burden of malnutrition. The health systems should be reoriented and strengthened, in addition to enabling actions in other sectors, to address prevention and control of non-communicable diseases and associated risk factors like O-O.
C1 [Khandelwal, S.; Reddy, K. S.] Publ Hlth Fdn India, New Delhi 70, India.
RP Reddy, KS (reprint author), Publ Hlth Fdn India, 4 Inst Area,ISID Campus, New Delhi 70, India.
EM Ksrinath.reddy@phfi.org
FU Rockefeller Foundation's Bellagio Center; University of North Carolina
   Nutrition Transition Program; International Development Research Center,
   Canada
FX We thank the Rockefeller Foundation's Bellagio Center for the support
   for this meeting and the funding of international travel. We also thank
   the University of North Carolina Nutrition Transition Program for
   funding the hotel and related surface travel costs, administrative
   support, editing and funding of this publication. We also thank the
   International Development Research Center, Canada for funding the open
   access of this paper and Bloomberg Philanthropies for the support in all
   phases of the final paper preparation.
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NR 114
TC 20
Z9 20
U1 1
U2 22
PU WILEY
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1467-7881
EI 1467-789X
J9 OBES REV
JI Obes. Rev.
PD NOV
PY 2013
VL 14
SU 2
SI SI
BP 114
EP 125
DI 10.1111/obr.12097
PG 12
WC Endocrinology & Metabolism
SC Endocrinology & Metabolism
GA 238YY
UT WOS:000325989500013
PM 24103051
OA Other Gold
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Kahn, G
   Fitzwater, S
   Tate, J
   Kang, G
   Ganguly, N
   Nair, G
   Steele, D
   Arora, R
   Chawla-Sarkar, M
   Parashar, U
   Santosham, M
AF Kahn, G.
   Fitzwater, S.
   Tate, J.
   Kang, G.
   Ganguly, N.
   Nair, G.
   Steele, D.
   Arora, R.
   Chawla-Sarkar, M.
   Parashar, U.
   Santosham, M.
TI Epidemiology and Prospects for Prevention of Rotavirus Disease in India
SO INDIAN PEDIATRICS
LA English
DT Review
DE Epidemiology; Serotype distribution; Rotavirus; Vaccine
ID ACUTE GASTROENTERITIS; EASTERN INDIA; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; CHILDHOOD
   DIARRHEA; NORTHERN INDIA; NEONATAL INFECTION; COST-EFFECTIVENESS;
   GENOMIC DIVERSITY; HIGH PREVALENCE; BIRTH COHORT
AB Context: With rotavirus vaccines now available globally, it will be useful to assemble the available evidence on the epidemiology and burden of rotavirus gastroenteritis in India, in order to weigh the urgency of introducing a vaccine to help control rotavirus disease.
   Evidence Acquisition: We reviewed published studies on rotavirus infection and genotype distribution in India, as well as safety and immunogenicity studies of currently available vaccines. PubMed was searched for papers published after 1990, and several authors who are experts in the field recommended papers of known significance.
   Results: Rotavirus accounts for close to 40% of hospitalizations for diarrhea in India, with more recent studies showing an increased proportion compared with older studies. There is substantial serotype diversity in India, although there is less intra-country variation than previously thought. Two genotypes, G1P[8] and G2P[4], account for roughly 50% of symptomatic infections in non-neonates. Currently licensed vaccines are safe, and although the efficacy appears lower in developing countries, given the extremely high incidence of diarrhea these could still be cost-effective interventions.
   Conclusions: The epidemiology and burden of rotavirus diarrhea is fairly well characterized in India. Introducing rotavirus vaccine into the UIP, along with adequate surveillance, should be an important part of efforts to reduce diarrhea mortality, the third leading cause of death among Indian children, and achieve the country's MDG goals.
C1 [Kahn, G.; Fitzwater, S.; Santosham, M.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
   [Tate, J.; Parashar, U.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, Atlanta, GA USA.
   [Kang, G.] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Gastrointestinal Sci, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [Ganguly, N.] Translat Hlth Sci & Technol Inst, New Delhi, India.
   [Nair, G.; Chawla-Sarkar, M.] Natl Inst Cholera & Enter Dis, Kolkata, India.
   [Steele, D.] PATH, Rotavirus Vaccine Program, Seattle, WA USA.
   [Arora, R.] Indian Council Med Res, Div Epidemiol & Communicable Dis, New Delhi, India.
RP Santosham, M (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
EM msantosh@jhsph.edu
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NR 68
TC 20
Z9 20
U1 0
U2 8
PU SPRINGER INDIA
PI NEW DELHI
PA 7TH FLOOR, VIJAYA BUILDING, 17, BARAKHAMBA ROAD, NEW DELHI, 110 001,
   INDIA
SN 0019-6061
EI 0974-7559
J9 INDIAN PEDIATR
JI Indian Pediatrics
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 49
IS 6
BP 467
EP 474
DI 10.1007/s13312-012-0076-7
PG 8
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA 967SX
UT WOS:000305929200009
PM 22796685
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Swaminathan, R
   Shanta, V
   Ferlay, J
   Balasubramanian, S
   Bray, F
   Sankaranarayanan, R
AF Swaminathan, R.
   Shanta, V.
   Ferlay, J.
   Balasubramanian, S.
   Bray, F.
   Sankaranarayanan, R.
TI Trends in cancer incidence in Chennai city (1982-2006) and statewide
   predictions of future burden in Tamil Nadu (2007-16)
SO NATIONAL MEDICAL JOURNAL OF INDIA
LA English
DT Article
ID INDIA
AB Background. This paper investigates cancer trends in Chennai and predicts the future cancer burden in Chennal and Tamil Nadu state, India, using data on 89 357 incident cancers from the Chennal registry during 1982-2006, published incidence rates from the Dindigul Ambilikkai Cancer Registry during 2003-06 and population statistics during 1982-2016.
   Methods. Age-specific incidence rates were modelled as a function of age, period and birth cohort using the NORDPRED software to predict future cancer incidence rates and numbers of cancer cases for the period 2007-11 and 2012-16 in Chennal. Predictions for Tamil Nadu state were computed using a weighted average of the predicted incidence rates of the Chennai registry and current rates in Dindigul district.
   Results. In Chennai, the total cancer burden is predicted to Increase by 32% by 2012-16 compared with 2002-06, with 19% due to changes in cancer risk and a further 13% due to the impact of demographic changes. The incidence of cervical cancer is projected to drop by 46% in 2015 compared with current levels, while a 100% increase in future thyroid cancer Incidence is predicted. Among men, a 21% decline in the incidence of oesophageal cancer by 2016 contrasts with the 42% predicted increase in prostate cancer. The annual cancer burden predicted for 2012-16 is 6100 for Chennai, translating to 55 000 new cases per year statewide (in Tamil Nadu). Breast cancer would dislodge cervical cancer as the top-ranking cancer in the state, while lung, stomach and large bowel cancers would surpass cervical cancer in ranking in Chennal by 2016.
   Conclusion. In order to tackle the predicted increases in cancer burden in Tamil Nadu, concerted efforts are required to assess and plan the infrastructure for cancer control and care, and ensure sufficient allocation of resources.
C1 [Swaminathan, R.; Shanta, V.; Balasubramanian, S.] Canc Inst WIA, Div Epidemiol, Madras 600036, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [Swaminathan, R.; Shanta, V.; Balasubramanian, S.] Canc Inst WIA, Canc Registry, Madras 600036, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [Ferlay, J.; Bray, F.; Sankaranarayanan, R.] Int Agcy Res Canc, F-69008 Lyon, France.
RP Swaminathan, R (reprint author), Canc Inst WIA, Div Epidemiol, Madras 600036, Tamil Nadu, India.
EM iarcsurvival@yahoo.co.uk
FU International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
FX We wish to thank the heads, officers and other staff at the Madras
   Metropolitan Tumour Registry and Dindigul Ambilikkai Cancer Registry, as
   well as numerous institutes that are the sources of these data, for
   their assistance, cooperation and unstinting support. Part of the work
   was done by the first author during his post-doctoral fellowship at the
   International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
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   CANC REGISTRY NORWAY
NR 25
TC 20
Z9 20
U1 1
U2 4
PU ALL INDIA INST MEDICAL SCIENCES
PI NEW DELHI
PA ANSARI NAGAR, NEW DELHI 110 029, INDIA
SN 0970-258X
J9 NATL MED J INDIA
JI Natl. Med. J. India
PD MAR-APR
PY 2011
VL 24
IS 2
BP 72
EP 77
PG 6
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA 786YS
UT WOS:000292344400003
PM 21668047
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Qazi, R
   Sultana, S
   Sundar, S
   Warraich, H
   un-Nisa, T
   Rais, A
   Zaidi, AKM
AF Qazi, Romena
   Sultana, Shazia
   Sundar, Shiyam
   Warraich, Haider
   un-Nisa, Tayyab
   Rais, Abida
   Zaidi, Anita K. M.
TI Population-based surveillance for severe rotavirus gastroenteritis in
   children in Karachi, Pakistan
SO VACCINE
LA English
DT Article
DE Rotavirus; Surveillance
ID VACCINE TRIAL; BIRTH COHORT; SOUTH-INDIA; P-TYPE; DIARRHEA; INFECTIONS;
   EPIDEMIOLOGY; STRAINS; BURDEN; REASSORTMENT
AB The incidence of rotavirus-associated severe diarrhoea and distribution of rotavirus genotypes in children less than five years of age was determined in two low-income communities in Karachi, Pakistan. Over a two-year period, 717 children met eligibility criteria for severe diarrhoea and stools were obtained from 575 (80%) with 97 (17%) being rotavirus positive. Adjusted annual rates of severe rotavirus diarrhoea in children less than five years and less than one year were respectively 5.7 and 16.9 per 1000 in community A, and 8.1 and 25.4 per 1000 child years of observation in community B. An estimated 1 in 40 infants experience a severe episode of rotavirus gastroenteritis annually in Pakistan. The most common rotavirus strains were G9P[8] (15%), G1P[8] (13%) and G1[P4] (8.4%). This information will inform policy decisions about the introduction of rotavirus vaccines. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Sultana, Shazia; Sundar, Shiyam; Warraich, Haider; un-Nisa, Tayyab; Rais, Abida; Zaidi, Anita K. M.] Aga Khan Univ, Dept Pediat & Child Hlth, Karachi 74800, Pakistan.
   [Qazi, Romena; Zaidi, Anita K. M.] Aga Khan Univ, Dept Pathol & Microbiol, Karachi 74800, Pakistan.
RP Zaidi, AKM (reprint author), Aga Khan Univ, Dept Pediat & Child Hlth, Stadium Rd,POB 3500, Karachi 74800, Pakistan.
EM anita.zaidi@aku.edu
FU Program for Appropriate Technology in Health (PATH); GAVI Alliance
FX This work was performed under a collaborative agreement with the Program
   for Appropriate Technology in Health (PATH) and was funded in full or in
   part by the GAVI Alliance.
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NR 35
TC 20
Z9 20
U1 0
U2 1
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0264-410X
EI 1873-2518
J9 VACCINE
JI Vaccine
PD NOV 20
PY 2009
VL 27
SU 5
BP F25
EP F30
DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.08.064
PG 6
WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental
SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine
GA 541KQ
UT WOS:000273415000006
PM 19931714
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Hasan, KZ
   Pathela, P
   Alam, K
   Podder, G
   Faruque, SM
   Roy, E
   Haque, AKMF
   Haque, R
   Albert, MJ
   Siddique, AK
   Sack, RB
AF Hasan, Khundkar Z.
   Pathela, Preeti
   Alam, Korshed
   Podder, Goutam
   Faruque, Shah M.
   Roy, Eliza
   Haque, A. K. M. Fazlul
   Haque, Rashidul
   Albert, M. John
   Siddique, Abul K.
   Sack, R. Bradley
TI Aetiology of diarrhoea in a birth cohort of children aged 0-2 year(s) in
   rural Mirzapur, Bangladesh
SO JOURNAL OF HEALTH POPULATION AND NUTRITION
LA English
DT Article
DE diarrhoea; diarrhoea; infantile; enteropathogens; pathogenicity;
   community-based studies; cohort studies; Bangladesh
ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PERSISTENT DIARRHEA; PATHOGENS; DISEASES; AGENTS;
   DHAKA
AB The incidence of aetiology-specific diarrhoea and the pathogenicity of infectious agents in a birth cohort (n=252) in rural Bangladesh were determined. Stool specimens or rectal swabs were collected from diarrhoeal cases over two years and routinely on a monthly basis. Stool samples from children with diarrhoea were compared with stool samples from children without diarrhoea to calculate rates of isolation and pathogenicity of agents. In total, 1,750 stool specimens from diarrhoea patients and 5,679 stool specimens from children without diarrhoea were tested. An infectious agent was identified in 58% of the stool specimens from diarrhoea patients and 21.6% of the stool specimens from children without diarrhoea. The most commonly-isolated pathogens from all specimens were enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), enteroadherent E. coli, Shigella, Campylobacter jejuni, Giardia, and rotavirus. ETEC (ST and LT-ST toxin), enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis, Shigella, and rotavirus were associated more with disease than with asymptomatic infections. Aetiology-specific infections were associated with acute episodes. The isolated enteropathogens were essentially the same as those found in other tropical rural settings. Enterotoxigenic B. fragilis was also identified as a pathogen. Ongoing vaccine efforts focusing on Shigella, rotavirus, and ETEC would be useful.
C1 ICDDR B, Div Publ Hlth Sci, Ctr Hlth & Populat Res, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
   Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA.
   Kuwait Univ, Fac Med, Dept Microbiol, Kuwait, Kuwait.
   Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA.
RP Hasan, KZ (reprint author), ICDDR B, Div Publ Hlth Sci, Ctr Hlth & Populat Res, GPO Box 128, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
EM Zahid@icddrb.org
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NR 32
TC 20
Z9 24
U1 0
U2 3
PU BMC
PI LONDON
PA CAMPUS, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 1606-0997
EI 2072-1315
J9 J HEALTH POPUL NUTR
JI J. Heatlh Popul. Nutr.
PD MAR
PY 2006
VL 24
IS 1
BP 25
EP 35
PG 11
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
   Health
GA 051XS
UT WOS:000238195600005
PM 16796147
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Rodrigues, EG
   Bellinger, DC
   Valeri, L
   Hasan, MOSI
   Quamruzzaman, Q
   Golam, M
   Kile, ML
   Christiani, DC
   Wright, RO
   Mazumdar, M
AF Rodrigues, Ema G.
   Bellinger, David C.
   Valeri, Linda
   Hasan, Md Omar Sharif Ibne
   Quamruzzaman, Quazi
   Golam, Mostofa
   Kile, Molly L.
   Christiani, David C.
   Wright, Robert O.
   Mazumdar, Maitreyi
TI Neurodevelopmental outcomes among 2-to 3-year-old children in Bangladesh
   with elevated blood lead and exposure to arsenic and manganese in
   drinking water
SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
LA English
DT Article
DE Arsenic; Manganese; Lead; Cognitive function
ID SCHOOL-AGE-CHILDREN; INTELLECTUAL FUNCTION; ENVIRONMENTAL LEAD;
   PROSPECTIVE COHORT; INTELLIGENCE; ASSOCIATION; IMPAIRMENT; COEXPOSURE;
   PREGNANCY; ARAIHAZAR
AB Background: The people of Bangladesh are currently exposed to high concentrations of arsenic and manganese in drinking water, as well as elevated lead in many regions. The objective of this study was to investigate associations between environmental exposure to these contaminants and neurodevelopmental outcomes among Bangladeshi children.
   Methods: We evaluated data from 524 children, members of an ongoing prospective birth cohort established to study the effects of prenatal and early childhood arsenic exposure in the Sirajdikhan and Pabna Districts of Bangladesh. Water was collected from the family's primary drinking source during the first trimester of pregnancy and at ages 1, 12 and 20-40 months. At age 20-40 months, blood lead was measured and neurodevelopmental outcomes were assessed using a translated, culturally-adapted version of the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition (BSID-III).
   Results: Median blood lead concentrations were higher in Sirajdikhan than Pabna (7.6 vs. < LOD mu g/dL, p < 0.0001) and water arsenic concentrations were lower (1.5 vs 25.7 mu g/L, p < 0.0001). Increased blood lead was associated with decreased cognitive scores in Sirajdikhan (beta = -0.17, SE = 0.09, p = 0.05), whereas increased water arsenic was associated with decreased cognitive scores in Pabna (beta = -0.06, SE = 0.03, p = 0.05). Water manganese was associated with fine motor scores in an inverse-U relationship in Pabna.
   Conclusion: Where blood lead levels are high, lead is associated with decreased cognitive scores on the BSID-III, and effects of other metals are not detected. In the setting of lower lead levels, the adverse effects of arsenic and manganese on neurodevelopment are observed.
C1 [Rodrigues, Ema G.; Bellinger, David C.; Mazumdar, Maitreyi] Boston Childrens Hosp, Dept Neurol, Boston, MA USA.
   [Rodrigues, Ema G.; Bellinger, David C.; Christiani, David C.; Mazumdar, Maitreyi] Harvard Univ, TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
   [Rodrigues, Ema G.; Bellinger, David C.; Mazumdar, Maitreyi] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
   [Valeri, Linda] McLean Hosp, Dept Psychiat Biostat, 115 Mill St, Belmont, MA 02178 USA.
   [Valeri, Linda] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
   [Hasan, Md Omar Sharif Ibne; Quamruzzaman, Quazi; Golam, Mostofa] Dhaka Community Hosp, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
   [Kile, Molly L.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
   [Wright, Robert O.] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, New York, NY USA.
RP Rodrigues, EG (reprint author), Boston Childrens Hosp, Dept Neurol, Boston, MA USA.; Rodrigues, EG (reprint author), Harvard Univ, TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA.; Rodrigues, EG (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
EM Ema.Rodrigues@childrens.harvard.edu
FU United States National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [R01
   ES011622, ES P42 ES016454, K23 ES017437, P30 ES000002]; Bill & Melinda
   Gates Foundation - Grand Challenges Explorations Initiative [OPP1119375]
FX The authors thank all our colleagues and research staff at Dhaka
   Community Hospital and Pabna Community Clinic in Bangladesh. Special
   thanks go to Li Su and Chris Dobson for their contributions. The study
   staff at Dhaka Communtity Hospital includes Ronjit Halder, Azizul Islam
   Razu, Sakila Afroz, Hafiza Sultana, Imam Hossain, Salim Mia, Monowar
   Hossain, Abul Kalam, Afroza Khatun, Abdul Kader, Nazmul Huda, Nur Isal
   Tareq, Amirul Islam Tutul, Israt Jahan, Aminul Islam and Mostofa Kamal.
   This work was supported by the United States National Institute of
   Environmental Health Sciences grants # R01 ES011622, ES P42 ES016454,
   K23 ES017437, and P30 ES000002.
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NR 38
TC 19
Z9 21
U1 4
U2 24
PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD
PI LONDON
PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND
SN 1476-069X
J9 ENVIRON HEALTH-GLOB
JI Environ. Health
PD MAR 12
PY 2016
VL 15
AR 44
DI 10.1186/s12940-016-0127-y
PG 9
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
   Health
GA DG0OB
UT WOS:000371763400001
PM 26968381
OA DOAJ Gold, Green Published
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Samuel, P
   Antonisamy, B
   Raghupathy, P
   Richard, J
   Fall, CHD
AF Samuel, Prasanna
   Antonisamy, Belavendra
   Raghupathy, Palani
   Richard, Joseph
   Fall, Caroline H. D.
TI Socio-economic status and cardiovascular risk factors in rural and urban
   areas of Vellore, Tamilnadu, South India
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Socio-economic indicators; CVD risk factors; India; birth cohort studies
ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; NUTRITION TRANSITION; EDUCATIONAL STATUS;
   NONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASES; INDUSTRIAL-POPULATION; BLOOD-PRESSURE;
   SOCIAL-CLASS; PREVALENCE; COUNTRIES; OBESITY
AB Background We examined associations between socio-economic status (SES) indicators and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors among urban and rural South Indians.
   Methods Data from a population-based birth cohort of 2218 men and women aged 26-32 years from Vellore, Tamilnadu were used. SES indicators included a household possessions score, attained education and paternal education. CVD risk factors included obesity, hypertension, impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes, plasma total cholesterol to high density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio and triglyceride levels and consumption of tobacco and alcohol. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to assess associations between SES indicators and risk factors.
   Results Most risk factors were positively associated with possessions score in urban and rural men and women, except for tobacco use, which was negatively associated. Trends were similar with the participants' own education and paternal education, though weaker and less consistent. In a concurrent analysis of all the three SES indicators, adjusted for gender and urban/rural residence, independent associations were observed only for the possessions score. Compared with those in the lowest fifth of the score, participants in the highest fifth had a higher risk of abdominal obesity [odds ratio (OR) = 6.4, 95% CI 3.4-11.6], high total cholesterol to HDL ratio (OR = 2.4, 95% CI 1.6-3.5) and glucose intolerance (OR = 2.8, 95% CI 1.9-4.1). Their tobacco use (OR = 0.4, 95% CI 0.2-0.6) was lower. Except for hypertension and glucose intolerance, risk factors were higher in urban than rural participants independently of SES.
   Conclusion In this young cohort of rural and urban south Indians, higher SES was associated with a more adverse CVD risk factor profile but lower tobacco use.
C1 [Samuel, Prasanna; Antonisamy, Belavendra; Richard, Joseph] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Biostat, Vellore 632002, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [Raghupathy, Palani] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Child Hlth, Vellore 632002, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [Fall, Caroline H. D.] Univ Southampton, Southampton Gen Hosp, MRC Lifecourse Epidemiol Unit, Southampton, Hants, England.
RP Antonisamy, B (reprint author), Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Biostat, Vellore 632002, Tamil Nadu, India.
EM antoni@cmcvellore.ac.in
FU British Heart Foundation [RG\98001]; Medical Research Council
   [MC_UP_A620_1016]
FX This work was supported by the British Heart Foundation (grant RG\98001)
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NR 43
TC 19
Z9 21
U1 0
U2 6
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 0300-5771
J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL
JI Int. J. Epidemiol.
PD OCT
PY 2012
VL 41
IS 5
BP 1315
EP 1327
DI 10.1093/ije/dys001
PG 13
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA 021YU
UT WOS:000309922700017
PM 22366083
OA Green Accepted, Bronze
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Sowmyanarayanan, TV
   Mukhopadhya, A
   Gladstone, BP
   Sarkar, R
   Kang, G
AF Sowmyanarayanan, Thuppal V.
   Mukhopadhya, Ashis
   Gladstone, B. P.
   Sarkar, Rajiv
   Kang, Gagandeep
TI Investigation of a hepatitis A outbreak in children in an urban slum in
   Vellore, Tamil Nadu, using geographic information systems
SO INDIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE geographic information system; hepatitis A; outbreak
ID SOUTH-INDIA; VACCINATION; VIRUS; INFECTION; ROTAVIRUS; COHORT; NEED; GIS
AB Background & objectives: An outbreak of symptomatic viral hepatitis in children less than 10 yr of age in Vellore, south India, was investigated and the disease pattern studied using serological and epidemiological methods, supplemented by geographic information systems (GIS) mapping.
   Methods: Three cases of hepatitis A were identified during routine surveillance in a birth cohort House-to-house visits were undertaken to identify other symptomatic cases and samples collected for anti-HAV IgM, ELISA testing. All cases and controls were mapped and geo-referenced using Arc View GIS 3.3. Spatial clustering was investigated using SaTScan 7.0.1 software. Drinking water sources were tested for coliform counts with the most probable number technique.
   Results: Of the 965 children surveyed, 26 (2.78%) had jaundice between February to July 2006. From the 26 patients, 11 (42.3%) blood samples were obtained and tested for anti-HAV IgM; 10 (90.9%) were found to be positive. Water analysis showed high coliform counts in all samples. No spatial clustering of cases could be detected.
   Interpretation & conclusions: The outbreak was identified because of the symptomatic presentation of the cases. Our study highlighted the increasing detection of symptomatic children with hepatitis A virus infection. Water sources in the area were contaminated and may have served as the source of infection. The lack of clustering in GIS analysis could be due to the common water source.
C1 [Sowmyanarayanan, Thuppal V.; Mukhopadhya, Ashis; Kang, Gagandeep] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Gastrointestinal Sci, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [Gladstone, B. P.; Sarkar, Rajiv] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Community Hlth, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India.
RP Kang, G (reprint author), Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Gastrointestinal Sci, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India.
EM gkang@cmcvellore.ac.in
FU Wellcome Trust [063144]; Global Infectious Disease Research [D43
   TW007392]; ICMR Advanced Centre for Liver Diseases
FX Authors acknowledge the financial support received from Wellcome Trust
   (Grant no. 063144) and the Global Infectious Disease Research training
   grant (D43 TW007392) and the ICMR Advanced Centre for Liver Diseases.
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   MED OFFICERS MANUAL
NR 26
TC 19
Z9 19
U1 0
U2 1
PU INDIAN COUNCIL MEDICAL RES
PI NEW DELHI
PA PO BOX 4911 ANSARI NAGAR, NEW DELHI 110029, INDIA
SN 0971-5916
J9 INDIAN J MED RES
JI Indian J. Med. Res.
PD JUL
PY 2008
VL 128
IS 1
BP 32
EP 37
PG 6
WC Immunology; Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine, Research &
   Experimental
SC Immunology; General & Internal Medicine; Research & Experimental
   Medicine
GA 356IA
UT WOS:000259770700008
PM 18820356
OA DOAJ Gold
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Korpe, PS
   Haque, R
   Gilchrist, C
   Valencia, C
   Niu, FY
   Lu, M
   Ma, JZ
   Petri, SE
   Reichman, D
   Kabir, M
   Duggal, P
   Petri, WA
AF Korpe, Poonum S.
   Haque, Rashidul
   Gilchrist, Carol
   Valencia, Cristian
   Niu, Feiyang
   Lu, Miao
   Ma, Jennie Z.
   Petri, Sarah E.
   Reichman, Daniel
   Kabir, Mamun
   Duggal, Priya
   Petri, William A., Jr.
TI Natural History of Cryptosporidiosis in a Longitudinal Study of
   Slum-Dwelling Bangladeshi Children: Association with Severe Malnutrition
SO PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
ID RISK-FACTORS; NORTHEASTERN BRAZIL; PROSPECTIVE COHORT; PARVUM INFECTION;
   DIARRHEA; MULTICENTER; COMMUNITY; INFANTS; INDIA; IMMUNOCOMPETENT
AB Background
   Cryptosporidiosis is a common cause of infectious diarrhea in young children worldwide, and is a significant contributor to under-five mortality. Current treatment options are limited in young children. In this study, we describe the natural history of Cryptosporidium spp. infection in a birth cohort of children in Bangladesh and evaluate for association with malnutrition.
   Methodology/Principal Findings
   This is a longitudinal birth cohort study of 392 slum-dwelling Bangladeshi children followed over the first two years of life from 2008 to 2014. Children were monitored for diarrheal disease, and stool was tested for intestinal protozoa. Anthropometric measurements were taken at 3-month intervals. A subset of Cryptosporidium positive stools were genotyped for species and revealed that C. hominis was isolated from over 90% of samples. In the first two years of life, 77% of children experienced at least one infection with Cryptosporidium spp. Non-diarrheal infection (67%) was more common than diarrheal infection (6.3%) although 27% of children had both types of infection. Extreme poverty was associated with higher rates of infection (chi-square, 49.7% vs 33.3%, p = 0.006). Malnutrition was common in this cohort, 56% of children had stunted growth by age two. Children with Cryptosporidium spp. infection had a greater than 2-fold increased risk of severe stunting at age two compared to uninfected children (odds ratio 2.69, 95% CI 1.17, 6.15, p = 0.019) independent of sex, income, maternal body-mass index, maternal education and weight for age adjusted z (WAZ) score at birth.
   Conclusions/Significance
   Cryptosporidium infection is common (77%) in this cohort of slum-dwelling Bangladeshi children, and both non-diarrheal and diarrheal infections are significantly associated with a child's growth at 2 years of age.
C1 [Korpe, Poonum S.; Valencia, Cristian; Duggal, Priya] Johns Hopkins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA.
   [Haque, Rashidul; Kabir, Mamun] Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, GPO Box 128, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh.
   [Gilchrist, Carol; Petri, William A., Jr.] Univ Virginia, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Charlottesville, VA USA.
   [Niu, Feiyang; Lu, Miao] Univ Virginia, Dept Stat, Charlottesville, VA USA.
   [Ma, Jennie Z.] Univ Virginia, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Div Biostat, Charlottesville, VA USA.
   [Petri, Sarah E.] Tufts Univ, Cummings Sch Vet Med, Dept Anim & Vet Sci, North Grafton, MA USA.
   [Reichman, Daniel] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA.
RP Korpe, PS (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA.
EM pkorpe1@jhu.edu
FU National Institutes of Health, Allergy and Infectious Disease
   [K23AI108790-0, AI043596-16]; Sherrilyn and Ken Fisher Center for
   Environmental Infectious Diseases Discovery Program
FX This work was funded by: 1) National Institutes of Health, Allergy and
   Infectious Disease K23AI108790-0. PI: PSK.
   http://www.niaid.nih.gov/Pages/default.aspx; 2) National Institutes of
   Health, Allergy and Infectious Disease AI043596-16. PI: WAP
   http://www.niaid.nih.gov/Pages/default.aspx; and 3) The Sherrilyn and
   Ken Fisher Center for Environmental Infectious Diseases Discovery
   Program. PI: PD.
   http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/Medicine/id/funding_our_future/fisher_fun
   d.html. The funders had no role in the study design, data collection and
   data analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
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NR 50
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 0
U2 2
PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA
SN 1935-2735
J9 PLOS NEGLECT TROP D
JI Plos Neglect. Trop. Dis.
PD MAY
PY 2016
VL 10
IS 5
AR e0004564
DI 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004564
PG 15
WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine
SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine
GA DO4QY
UT WOS:000377769300008
PM 27144404
OA DOAJ Gold, Green Published
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Ajjampur, SSR
   Koshy, B
   Venkataramani, M
   Sarkar, R
   Joseph, AA
   Jacob, KS
   Ward, H
   Kang, G
AF Ajjampur, S. S. R.
   Koshy, B.
   Venkataramani, M.
   Sarkar, R.
   Joseph, A. A.
   Jacob, K. S.
   Ward, H.
   Kang, G.
TI Effect of cryptosporidial and giardial diarrhoea on social maturity,
   intelligence and physical growth in children in a semi-urban slum in
   south India
SO ANNALS OF TROPICAL PAEDIATRICS
LA English
DT Article
ID EARLY-CHILDHOOD DIARRHEA; COGNITIVE FUNCTION; BRAZILIAN SHANTYTOWN;
   PERUVIAN CHILDREN; INFECTION; LAMBLIA; COHORT; IRON; MALNUTRITION;
   EMERGENCE
AB Background: Early childhood diarrhoea is a major cause of infant morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Recurrent and persistent diarrhoea affect growth and cognition in children as young as 6 years.
   Objectives: To evaluate the effect of early childhood cryptosporidial and giardial diarrhoea on growth and development in children in a semi-urban slum in India. This is the first report of such assessment at 3 years of age. Methods: This study was undertaken on 116 children who were part of an ongoing birth cohort study (n=452) of rotaviral and cryptosporidial diarrhoea between June and December 2005. Social quotients (SQ) assessed by the Vineland Social Maturity Scale, intelligence quotients (IQ) assessed by the Seguin Form Board Test, physical growth parameters and sociodemographic data in 84 children with a history of cryptosporidial or giardial diarrhoea were compared with those of 32 without diarrhoea.
   Results: Children with a past history of giardial diarrhoea showed a trend towards lower SQ (p=0.09) and had significantly lower IQ (p=0.04) and increased wasting (p=0.04). Cryptosporidial diarrhoea was not associated with poor IQ, SQ or physical growth.
   Conclusion: This study demonstrates the long-term effect of protozoan diarrhoea, especially that caused by giardia, on both intelligence and physical growth in Indian children as early as 3 years of age and re-inforces the need for early detection and prevention of early childhood protozoan diarrhoea.
C1 [Koshy, B.] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Dev Paediat, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [Ajjampur, S. S. R.; Venkataramani, M.; Sarkar, R.; Joseph, A. A.; Kang, G.] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Gastrointestinal Sci, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [Jacob, K. S.] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [Ward, H.] Tufts Med Ctr, Div Geog Med & Infect Dis, Boston, MA USA.
RP Koshy, B (reprint author), Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Dev Paediat, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India.
EM beenakurien@cmcvellore.ac.in
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NR 36
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 0
U2 5
PU MANEY PUBLISHING
PI LEEDS
PA STE 1C, JOSEPHS WELL, HANOVER WALK, LEEDS LS3 1AB, W YORKS, ENGLAND
SN 0272-4936
J9 ANN TROP PAEDIATR
JI Ann. Trop. Paediatr.
PD AUG
PY 2011
VL 31
IS 3
BP 205
EP 212
DI 10.1179/1465328111Y.0000000003
PG 8
WC Pediatrics; Tropical Medicine
SC Pediatrics; Tropical Medicine
GA 793NC
UT WOS:000292829200004
PM 21781414
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Winder, NR
   Krishnaveni, GV
   Hill, JC
   Karat, CLS
   Fall, CHD
   Veena, SR
   Barker, DJP
AF Winder, Nicola R.
   Krishnaveni, Ghattu V.
   Hill, Jacqueline C.
   Karat, Chitra L. S.
   Fall, Caroline H. D.
   Veena, Sargoor R.
   Barker, David J. P.
TI Placental programming of blood pressure in Indian children
SO ACTA PAEDIATRICA
LA English
DT Article
DE Birth size; Blood pressure; Indian children; Maternal height; Placental
   surface
ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; CHILDHOOD GROWTH; FETAL ORIGINS; ADULT LIFE;
   PREGNANCY; HYPERTENSION; BIRTH; SIZE; WEIGHT; RISK
AB Aim:
   To determine whether the size and shape of the placental surface predict blood pressure in childhood.
   Methods:
   We studied blood pressure in 471 nine-year-old Indian children whose placental length, breadth and weight were measured in a prospective birth cohort study.
   Results:
   In the daughters of short mothers (< median height), systolic blood pressure (SBP) rose as placental breadth increased (beta = 0.69 mmHg/cm, p = 0.05) and as the ratio of placental surface area to birthweight increased (p = 0.0003). In the daughters of tall mothers, SBP rose as the difference between placental length and breadth increased (beta = 1.40 mmHg/cm, p = 0.007), that is as the surface became more oval. Among boys, associations with placental size were only statistically significant after adjusting for current BMI and height. After adjustment, SBP rose as placental breadth, area and weight decreased (for breadth beta = -0.68 mmHg/cm, p < 0.05 for all three measurements).
   Conclusions:
   The size and shape of the placental surface predict childhood blood pressure. Blood pressure may be programmed by variation in the normal processes of placentation: these include implantation, expansion of the chorionic surface in mid-gestation and compensatory expansion of the chorionic surface in late gestation.
C1 [Winder, Nicola R.; Hill, Jacqueline C.; Fall, Caroline H. D.; Barker, David J. P.] Univ Southampton, Southampton Gen Hosp, MRC Lifecourse Epidemiol Unit, Southampton SO16 6YD, Hants, England.
   [Krishnaveni, Ghattu V.; Karat, Chitra L. S.; Veena, Sargoor R.] CSI Holdsworth Mem Hosp, Epidemiol Res Unit, Mysore 570021, Karnataka, India.
RP Winder, NR (reprint author), Univ Southampton, Southampton Gen Hosp, MRC Lifecourse Epidemiol Unit, Southampton SO16 6YD, Hants, England.
EM nw@mrc.soton.ac.uk
RI Barker, David/A-5671-2013
OI Krishnaveni, Ghattu V/0000-0002-6532-8272
FU Medical Research Council, UK; Parthenon Trust, Switzerland; Wellcome
   Trust, UK; Medical Research Council [MC_UP_A620_1016]
FX This study was funded by the Medical Research Council, UK, the Parthenon
   Trust, Switzerland and the Wellcome Trust, UK. We thank the mothers and
   children who participated, and the HMH obstetric staff in Mysore and
   Annamma, Lalitha, Lalitha Kala, Baby Balappa, Savitha, Gopal Singh,
   Swarna, Surekha, Jayakumar, Geetha, Saroja, Chachyamma, Kiran and
   Stephen who made a significant contribution to the study. We are
   grateful to Dr BDR Paul, former director and Dr SC Karat, current
   medical director of HMH and also to late Dr Lovesome David, head of the
   department of obstetrics, for their support. We also acknowledge the
   support of Sneha-India.
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NR 28
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 1
U2 5
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0803-5253
EI 1651-2227
J9 ACTA PAEDIATR
JI Acta Paediatr.
PD MAY
PY 2011
VL 100
IS 5
BP 653
EP 660
DI 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2010.02102.x
PG 8
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA 746ME
UT WOS:000289250200008
PM 21166711
OA Green Published
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Huffman, MD
   Prabhakaran, D
   Osmond, C
   Fall, CHD
   Tandon, N
   Lakshmy, R
   Ramji, S
   Khalil, A
   Gera, T
   Prabhakaran, P
   Biswas, SKD
   Reddy, KS
   Bhargava, SK
   Sachdev, HS
AF Huffman, Mark D.
   Prabhakaran, Dorairaj
   Osmond, Clive
   Fall, Caroline H. D.
   Tandon, Nikhil
   Lakshmy, Ramakrishnan
   Ramji, Siddharth
   Khalil, Anita
   Gera, Tarun
   Prabhakaran, Poornima
   Biswas, S. K. Dey
   Reddy, K. Srinath
   Bhargava, Santosh K.
   Sachdev, Harshpal S.
CA Behalf New Delhi Birth Cohort
TI Incidence of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in an Indian Urban Cohort
   Results From the New Delhi Birth Cohort
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE cardiovascular risk factors; cohort; incidence; Indian Asians
ID BODY-MASS INDEX; IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; METABOLIC SYNDROME;
   EPIDEMIOLOGY; PREVALENCE; CHILDHOOD; DISEASE
C1 [Huffman, Mark D.; Prabhakaran, Dorairaj] Ctr Chron Dis Control, New Delhi 110016, India.
   [Huffman, Mark D.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Med, Div Cardiol, Feinberg Sch Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA.
   [Osmond, Clive; Fall, Caroline H. D.] Univ Southampton, Southampton Gen Hosp, Med Res Council, Lifecourse Epidemiol Unit, Southampton, Hants, England.
   [Tandon, Nikhil; Lakshmy, Ramakrishnan] All India Inst Med Sci, New Delhi, India.
   [Ramji, Siddharth] Maulana Azad Med Coll, Dept Pediat, New Delhi, India.
   [Khalil, Anita] Ctr Heart, New Delhi, India.
   [Gera, Tarun; Bhargava, Santosh K.] Sunder Lal Jain Hosp, Dept Pediat, New Delhi, India.
   [Prabhakaran, Poornima] Initiat Cardiovasc Hlth Res Developing Countries, New Delhi, India.
   [Biswas, S. K. Dey] Indian Council Med Res, New Delhi, India.
   [Reddy, K. Srinath] Publ Hlth Fdn India, New Delhi, India.
   [Sachdev, Harshpal S.] Sitaram Bhartiya Inst Sci & Res, Dept Pediat, New Delhi, India.
RP Prabhakaran, D (reprint author), Ctr Chron Dis Control, C1-52 Safdarjung Dev Area, New Delhi 110016, India.
EM dprabhakaran@ccdcindia.org
OI Osmond, Clive/0000-0002-9054-4655; Prabhakaran,
   Dorairaj/0000-0002-3172-834X; Huffman, Mark/0000-0001-7412-2519
FU National Centre for Health Statistics; Indian Council of Medical
   Research; NIH Fogarty International Clinical Research Fellowship
   [R24TW007988]; NIH Fogarty International Center; National Heart, Lung
   and Blood Institute; UnitedHealth; Wellcome Trust; Canadian Institute of
   Health Research; Indian Council of Medical Research, Department of
   Science and Technology (Government of India); Duke Clinical Research
   Institute; Medical Research Council [MC_UP_A620_1016]
FX Please note: The original cohort studies were supported by the National
   Centre for Health Statistics and the Indian Council of Medical Research.
   The study sponsor did not participate in the study design; collection,
   analysis, and interpretation of data; writing of the report; nor
   decision to submit the report for publication. Dr. Huffman is supported
   by the NIH Fogarty International Clinical Research Fellowship
   (R24TW007988). Dr. Prabhakaran receives research support from the NIH
   Fogarty International Center; National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute;
   UnitedHealth; Wellcome Trust; Canadian Institute of Health Research;
   Indian Council of Medical Research, Department of Science and Technology
   (Government of India); and Duke Clinical Research Institute. The authors
   have reported that they have no relationships to disclose.
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NR 23
TC 18
Z9 21
U1 0
U2 2
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 0735-1097
J9 J AM COLL CARDIOL
JI J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.
PD APR 26
PY 2011
VL 57
IS 17
BP 1765
EP 1774
DI 10.1016/j.jacc.2010.09.083
PG 10
WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology
GA 752SY
UT WOS:000289715600007
PM 21511113
OA Green Accepted, Bronze
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Ahmed, T
   Lundgren, A
   Arifuzzaman, M
   Qadri, F
   Teneberg, S
   Svennerholm, AM
AF Ahmed, Tanvir
   Lundgren, Anna
   Arifuzzaman, Mohammad
   Qadri, Firdausi
   Teneberg, Susann
   Svennerholm, Ann-Mari
TI Children with the Le(a plus b-) Blood Group Have Increased
   Susceptibility to Diarrhea Caused by Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli
   Expressing Colonization Factor I Group Fimbriae
SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY
LA English
DT Article
ID FACTOR-ANTIGEN-I; HELICOBACTER-PYLORI; LEWIS ANTIBODIES;
   EPITHELIAL-CELLS; INDIVIDUALS; BINDING; ABO; INFECTION;
   GLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS; IDENTIFICATION
AB Recent studies have shown that children with blood group A have increased susceptibility to enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) diarrhea and that Lewis blood group "a" antigen (Lea) may be a candidate receptor for ETEC colonization factor (CF) antigen I (CFA/I) fimbriae. Based on these findings, we have attempted to determine if children with the Le(a+b-) phenotype may be more susceptible to diarrhea caused by ETEC, in particular ETEC expressing CFA/I and related fimbriae of the CFA/I group, than Le(a+b-) children. To test this hypothesis, we have determined the Lewis antigen expression in 179 Bangladeshi children from a prospective birth cohort study in urban Dhaka in which ETEC expressing major CFs such as CFA/I, CS3, CS5, and CS6 was the most commonly isolated diarrhea pathogen during the first 2 years of life. The Lewis blood group phenotypes were determined by a dot blot immunoassay using saliva samples and by a tube agglutination test using fresh red blood cells. The results indicate that Le(a+b-) children more often had symptomatic than asymptomatic ETEC infections (P < 0.001), whereas symptomatic and asymptomatic ETEC infections were equally frequent in Le(a+b-) children. We also show that children with the Le(a+b-) blood type had significantly higher incidences of diarrhea caused by ETEC expressing fimbriae of the CFA/I group than Le(a+b-) children (P < 0.001). In contrast, we did not find any association between the Lewis blood group phenotype and diarrhea caused by ETEC expressing CS6 or rotavirus.
C1 [Ahmed, Tanvir] ICDDR B, Div Sci Lab, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh.
   [Ahmed, Tanvir; Lundgren, Anna; Svennerholm, Ann-Mari] Univ Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Acad, WHO Reference Lab Res ETEC, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, S-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden.
   [Teneberg, Susann] Univ Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Acad, Dept Med Biochem & Cell Biol, S-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden.
RP Ahmed, T (reprint author), ICDDR B, Div Sci Lab, GPO Box 128, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh.
EM dr_tanvir@icddrb.org
FU Swedish Agency for International Development and Corporation
   (Sida/SAREC); Marianne and Markus Wallenberg Foundation; GUVAX; Swedish
   Medical Research Council; International Centre for Diarrheal Disease
   Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR, B)
FX This work was supported by the Swedish Agency for International
   Development and Corporation (Sida/SAREC), the Marianne and Markus
   Wallenberg Foundation through the support to GUVAX, the Swedish Medical
   Research Council, and the International Centre for Diarrheal Disease
   Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR, B). The Centre is supported by agencies and
   countries that share its concern for the health problems of developing
   countries.
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NR 31
TC 18
Z9 19
U1 1
U2 3
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA
SN 0019-9567
J9 INFECT IMMUN
JI Infect. Immun.
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 77
IS 5
BP 2059
EP 2064
DI 10.1128/IAI.01571-08
PG 6
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases
GA 434MX
UT WOS:000265279900036
PM 19273560
OA Bronze, Green Published
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Agnihotri, B
   Antonisamy, B
   Priya, G
   Fall, CHD
   Raghupathy, P
AF Agnihotri, B.
   Antonisamy, B.
   Priya, G.
   Fall, C. H. D.
   Raghupathy, P.
TI Trends in human birth weight across two successive generations
SO INDIAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
LA English
DT Article
DE intergenerational study; low birth weight; birth cohort
ID FETAL GROWTH; SOUTH-INDIA; ASSOCIATION; PREGNANCY; MOTHERS; SIZE; GENE
AB Objective. To determine the correlation between parental and offspring birthweight (BW) in India.
   Methods. The study involved two birth cohorts of successive generations. The parental cohort comprised of 472 fathers and 422 mothers from an earlier study. Details of their anthropometry at birth and in adulthood were available. 1525 children born to them comprised the offspring cohort. BW was obtained from hospital records for the offspring cohort. Odds ratios and regression coefficients were calculated to estimate the risks of a low birth weight (LBW) parent producing a LBW baby and quantitate the effects after adjusting for confounders.
   Results. A LBW mother had a 2.8 times risk (95% Cl 1.2-6.4) of delivering a LBW baby (p=0.02) and a LBW father was twice as likely to produce a LBW baby (OR 2.2; 95%Cl 1.0-4.8; p=0.05). Every 100g increase in maternal BW was associated with an increase in offspring BW of 14g; the equivalent figure for paternal BW was 18.1g (p<0.001 for both). Between the generations, the incidence of LBW decreased from 19.7% to 17.2% (p=0.1). Mean BW increased in males (2846 g vs 2861 g; p=0.59) but not in females (2790 g vs 2743 g; p=0.08).
   Conclusion. Both maternal and paternal BW are strong determinants of offspring BW. The effect of mothers' BW on offspring BW is weaker than that seen in developed nations. Stronger intrauterine constraint exhibited by Indian women secondary to a higher prevalence of growth restriction in utero may be responsible. Paternal effects may be governed by paternal genes inherited by the offspring.
C1 [Agnihotri, B.; Raghupathy, P.] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Child Hlth, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [Antonisamy, B.; Priya, G.] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Biostat, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [Fall, C. H. D.] Southampton Gen Hosp, MRC Epidemiol Resource Ctr, Southampton SO9 4XY, Hants, England.
RP Raghupathy, P (reprint author), 39 6th Cross,35th Main,KAS Officers Colony,BTM La, Bangalore 560068, Karnataka, India.
FU British Heart Foundation [PG/05/046/18730]; Medical Research Council
   [MC_U147585821, U.1475.00.004.00005.01(74245), G0400519, MC_U147574245];
   Medical Research Council [U1475000003]
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NR 36
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 1
U2 2
PU ALL INDIA INST MEDICAL SCIENCES
PI NEW DELHI
PA ANSARI NAGAR, NEW DELHI 110 029, INDIA
SN 0019-5456
J9 INDIAN J PEDIATR
JI Indian J. Pediatr.
PD FEB
PY 2008
VL 75
IS 2
BP 111
EP 117
DI 10.1007/s12098-008-0066-x
PG 7
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA 310MQ
UT WOS:000256534100001
PM 18334789
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Bellad, RM
   Bang, A
   Carlo, WA
   McClure, EM
   Meleth, S
   Goco, N
   Goudar, SS
   Derman, RJ
   Hibberd, PL
   Patel, A
   Esamai, F
   Bucher, S
   Gisore, P
   Wright, LL
AF Bellad, Roopa M.
   Bang, Akash
   Carlo, Waldemar A.
   McClure, Elizabeth M.
   Meleth, Sreelatha
   Goco, Norman
   Goudar, Shivaprasad S.
   Derman, Richard J.
   Hibberd, Patricia L.
   Patel, Archana
   Esamai, Fabian
   Bucher, Sherri
   Gisore, Peter
   Wright, Linda L.
CA HBB Study Grp
TI A pre-post study of a multi-country scale up of resuscitation training
   of facility birth attendants: does Helping Babies Breathe training save
   lives?
SO BMC PREGNANCY AND CHILDBIRTH
LA English
DT Article
ID MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES; MORTALITY; ETHIOPIA; WOMEN
AB Background: Whether facility-based implementation of Helping Babies Breathe (HBB) reduces neonatal mortality at a population level in low and middle income countries (LMIC) has not been studied. Therefore, we evaluated HBB implementation in this context where our study team has ongoing prospective outcome data on all pregnancies regardless of place of delivery.
   Methods: We compared outcomes of birth cohorts in three sites in India and Kenya pre-post implementation of a facility-based intervention, using a prospective, population-based registry in 52 geographic clusters. Our hypothesis was that HBB implementation would result in a 20 % decrease in the perinatal mortality rate (PMR) among births >= 1500 g.
   Results: We enrolled 70,704 births during two 12-month study periods. Births within each site did not differ pre-post intervention, except for an increased proportion of <2500 g newborns and deliveries by caesarean section in the post period. There were no significant differences in PMR among all registry births; however, a post-hoc analysis stratified by birthweight documented improvement in <2500 g mortality in Belgaum in both registry and in HBB-trained facility births. No improvement in <2500 g mortality measures was noted in Nagpur or Kenya and there was no improvement in normal birth weight survival.
   Conclusions: Rapid scale up of HBB training of facility birth attendants in three diverse sites in India and Kenya was not associated with consistent improvements in mortality among all neonates >= 1500 g; however, differential improvements in <2500 g survival in Belgaum suggest the need for careful implementation of HBB training with attention to the target population, data collection, and ongoing quality monitoring activities.
C1 [Bellad, Roopa M.; Goudar, Shivaprasad S.] KLE Univ Jawaharlal Nehru Med Coll, Belgaum, Karnataka, India.
   [Bang, Akash] Mahatma Gandhi Inst Med Sci, Sevagram, Maharashtra, India.
   [Carlo, Waldemar A.] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA.
   [McClure, Elizabeth M.; Meleth, Sreelatha; Goco, Norman] RTI Int, Durham, NC USA.
   [Derman, Richard J.] Christiana Care Hlth Syst, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Newark, DE USA.
   [Hibberd, Patricia L.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA.
   [Patel, Archana] Lata Med Res Fdn, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
   [Patel, Archana] Indira Gandhi Govt Med Coll, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
   [Esamai, Fabian; Gisore, Peter] Moi Univ Sch Med, Dept Child Hlth & Paediat, Eldoret, Kenya.
   [Bucher, Sherri] Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Indianapolis, IN USA.
   [Wright, Linda L.] Eunice Kennedy Shriver Natl Inst Child Hlth & Hum, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
   [Wright, Linda L.] 5800 Nicholson Lane,1206, Rockville, MD 20852 USA.
RP Wright, LL (reprint author), Eunice Kennedy Shriver Natl Inst Child Hlth & Hum, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.; Wright, LL (reprint author), 5800 Nicholson Lane,1206, Rockville, MD 20852 USA.
EM lindawright.md@gmail.com
OI Somannavar, Manjunath/0000-0002-8871-5072
FU Norad; Laerdal Foundation; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of
   Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)
FX The study was funded by grants from Norad, Laerdal Foundation and the
   Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human
   Development (NICHD). NICHD staff had input into the study design, data
   interpretation and writing of the report. RTI staff had access to all
   the study data. The corresponding author wrote the first draft of the
   manuscript and had final responsibility for the decision to submit for
   publication.
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NR 17
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 0
U2 6
PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD
PI LONDON
PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND
SN 1471-2393
J9 BMC PREGNANCY CHILDB
JI BMC Pregnancy Childbirth
PD AUG 15
PY 2016
VL 16
AR 222
DI 10.1186/s12884-016-0997-6
PG 10
WC Obstetrics & Gynecology
SC Obstetrics & Gynecology
GA DT4UL
UT WOS:000381476500001
PM 27527831
OA DOAJ Gold, Green Published
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Colah, RB
   Mukherjee, MB
   Martin, S
   Ghosh, K
AF Colah, Roshan B.
   Mukherjee, Malay B.
   Martin, Snehal
   Ghosh, Kanjaksha
TI Sickle cell disease in tribal populations in India
SO INDIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL RESEARCH
LA English
DT Review
DE Sickle cell disease; sickle cell gene; tribes
ID GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE-DEHYDROGENASE DEFICIENCY; HEMOGLOBIN-VARIANTS;
   ALPHA-THALASSEMIA; SOUTHERN INDIA; ANEMIA; GENE; EXPRESSION; DISORDERS;
   HAPLOTYPE; PROGRAM
AB The sickle gene is widespread among many tribal population groups in India with prevalence of heterozygotes varying from 1-40 per cent. Co-inheritance of the sickle gene with -thalassaemia, HbD Punjab and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency has also been reported. Most of the screening programmes in India now use high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis although the solubility test is also sensitive and cheap. Sickle cell disease (SCD) among tribal populations is generally milder than among non-tribal groups with fewer episodes of painful crises, infections, acute chest syndrome and need for hospitalization. This has partly been attributed to the very high prevalence of -thalassaemia among these tribes as well as higher foetal haemoglobin levels. However, the clinical presentation is variable with many cases having a severe presentation. There is not much information available on maternal and perinatal outcome in tribal women with sickle cell disease. Newborn screening programmes for SCD have recently been initiated in Maharashtra, Gujarat, Orissa and Chattisgarh and monitoring these birth cohorts will help to understand the natural history of SCD in India. Prenatal diagnosis is acceptable by tribal families in India. The Indian Council of Medical Research and the National Rural Health Mission in different States are undertaking outreach programmes for better management and control of the disease.
C1 [Colah, Roshan B.; Mukherjee, Malay B.; Martin, Snehal; Ghosh, Kanjaksha] Natl Inst Immunohaematol ICMR, Mumbai 400012, Maharashtra, India.
RP Colah, RB (reprint author), Natl Inst Immunohaematol ICMR, 13th Floor,NMS Bldg,KEM Hosp Campus, Mumbai 400012, Maharashtra, India.
EM colahrb@gmail.com
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NR 53
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 2
U2 7
PU MEDKNOW PUBLICATIONS & MEDIA PVT LTD
PI MUMBAI
PA B-9, KANARA BUSINESS CENTRE, OFF LINK RD, GHAKTOPAR-E, MUMBAI, 400075,
   INDIA
SN 0971-5916
J9 INDIAN J MED RES
JI Indian J. Med. Res.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 141
BP 509
EP 515
PG 7
WC Immunology; Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine, Research &
   Experimental
SC Immunology; General & Internal Medicine; Research & Experimental
   Medicine
GA CM3RY
UT WOS:000357602500003
PM 26139766
OA DOAJ Gold
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU John, SM
   Thomas, RJ
   Kaki, S
   Sharma, SL
   Ramanujam, K
   Raghava, MV
   Koshy, B
   Bose, A
   Rose, A
   Rose, W
   Ramachandran, A
   Joseph, AJ
   Babji, S
   Kang, G
AF John, Sushil M.
   Thomas, Rahul J.
   Kaki, Shiny
   Sharma, Srujan L.
   Ramanujam, Karthikeyan
   Raghava, Mohan V.
   Koshy, Beena
   Bose, Anuradha
   Rose, Anuradha
   Rose, Winsley
   Ramachandran, Anup
   Joseph, A. J.
   Babji, Sudhir
   Kang, Gagandeep
TI Establishment of the MAL-ED Birth Cohort Study Site in Vellore, Southern
   India
SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
DE birth cohort; India; malnutrition; MAL-ED
ID SLUM; BURDEN
AB The Indian Etiology, Risk Factors and Interactions of Enteric Infections and Malnutrition and the Consequences for Child Health and Development (MAL-ED) site is in Vellore, Tamil Nadu, in south India and is coordinated by the Christian Medical College, Vellore, which has many years of experience in establishing and following cohorts. India is a diverse country, and no single area can be representative with regard to many health and socioeconomic indicators. The site in Vellore is an urban semiorganized settlement or slum. In the study site, the average family size is 5.7, adults who are gainfully employed are mostly unskilled laborers, and 51% of the population uses the field as their toilet facility. Previous studies from Vellore slums have reported stunting in well over a third of children, comparable to national estimates. The infant mortality rate is 38 per 1000 live births, with deaths due mainly to perinatal and infectious causes. Rigorous staff training, monitoring, supervision and refinement of tools have been essential to maintaining the quality of the significantly large quantity of data collected. Establishing a field clinic within the site has minimized inconvenience to participants and researchers and enabled better rapport with the community and better follow-up. These factors contribute to the wealth of information that will be generated from the MAL-ED multisite cohort, which will improve our understanding of enteric infections and its interactions with malnutrition and development of young children.
C1 [John, Sushil M.] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Low Cost Effect Care Unit, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [Thomas, Rahul J.; Kaki, Shiny; Sharma, Srujan L.; Ramanujam, Karthikeyan; Ramachandran, Anup; Joseph, A. J.; Babji, Sudhir; Kang, Gagandeep] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Gastrointestinal Sci, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [Raghava, Mohan V.; Bose, Anuradha; Rose, Anuradha] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Community Hlth, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [Koshy, Beena] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Dev Pediat, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [Rose, Winsley] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Child Hlth, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India.
RP Kang, G (reprint author), Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Gastrointestinal Sci, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India.
EM gkang@cmcvellore.ac.in
OI Mohan, Venkata Raghava/0000-0001-5787-7223
FU Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation; Foundation for the National Institutes
   of Health; Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health
FX The Etiology, Risk Factors and Interactions of Enteric Infections and
   Malnutrition and the Consequences for Child Health and Development
   Project (MAL-ED) is carried out as a collaborative project supported by
   the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the Foundation for the National
   Institutes of Health, and the Fogarty International Center, National
   Institutes of Health.
CR Eskenazi B, 2005, ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP, V113, P1419, DOI 10.1289/ehp.7670
   Gladstone BP, 2008, ARCH DIS CHILD, V93, P479, DOI 10.1136/adc.2006.114546
   Gladstone BP, 2010, J TROP PEDIATRICS, V56, P221, DOI 10.1093/tropej/fmp116
   International Institute for Population Sciences, 2007, NFHS3200506 INT I PO, V1
   MAL-ED Network Investigators, 2014, CLIN INFECT DIS S4, V59, pS193, DOI DOI 10.1093/CID/CIU653
   Nicholson JM, 2004, J PAEDIATR CHILD H, V40, P87, DOI 10.1111/j.1440-1754.2004.00327.x
   Rehman AM, 2009, NUTR J, V8, DOI 10.1186/1475-2891-8-44
   Richard SA, 2014, CLIN INFECT DIS, V59, pS220, DOI 10.1093/cid/ciu435
   Sarkar R, 2013, BMC PUBLIC HEALTH, V13, DOI 10.1186/1471-2458-13-87
NR 9
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 1
U2 3
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
PI CARY
PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA
SN 1058-4838
EI 1537-6591
J9 CLIN INFECT DIS
JI Clin. Infect. Dis.
PD NOV 1
PY 2014
VL 59
SU 4
BP S295
EP S299
DI 10.1093/cid/ciu390
PG 5
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
GA AT0TJ
UT WOS:000344647400014
PM 25305300
OA Bronze
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Rehman, AM
   Gladstone, BP
   Verghese, VP
   Muliyil, J
   Jaffar, S
   Kang, G
AF Rehman, Andrea M.
   Gladstone, Beryl P.
   Verghese, Valsan P.
   Muliyil, Jayaprakash
   Jaffar, Shabbar
   Kang, Gagandeep
TI Chronic growth faltering amongst a birth cohort of Indian children
   begins prior to weaning and is highly prevalent at three years of age
SO NUTRITION JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
ID DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; MULTIPLE IMPUTATION; UNDERNUTRITION; HEALTH;
   MORBIDITY; SURVIVAL
AB Background: Poor growth of children in developing countries is a major public health problem associated with mortality, morbidity and developmental delay. We describe growth up to three years of age and investigate factors related to stunting (low height-for-age) at three years of age in a birth cohort from an urban slum.
   Methods: 452 children born between March 2002 and August 2003 were followed until their third birthday in three neighbouring slums in Vellore, South India. Field workers visited homes to collect details of morbidity twice a week. Height and weight were measured monthly from one month of age in a study-run clinic. For analysis, standardised z-scores were generated using the 2006 WHO child growth standards. Risk factors for stunting at three years of age were analysed in logistic regression models. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to examine the effect of missing values.
   Results: At age three years, of 186 boys and 187 girls still under follow-up, 109 (66%, 95% Confidence interval 58-73%) boys and 93 (56%, 95% CI 49-64%) girls were stunted, 14 (8%, 95% CI 4-13%) boys and 12 (7%, 95% CI 3-11%) girls were wasted (low weight-for-height) and 72 (43%, 95% CI 36-51) boys and 66 (39%, 95% CI 31-47%) girls were underweight (low weight-for-age). In total 224/331 (68%) children at three years had at least one growth deficiency (were stunted and/or underweight and/or wasted); even as early as one month of age 186/377 (49%) children had at least one growth deficiency. Factors associated with stunting at three years were birth weight less than 2.5 kg (OR 3.63, 95% CI 1.36-9.70) 'beedi-making' (manual production of cigarettes for a daily wage) in the household (OR 1.74, 95% CI 1.05-2.86), maternal height less than 150 cm (OR 2.02, 95% CI 1.12-3.62), being stunted, wasted or underweight at six months of age (OR 1.75, 95% CI 1.05-2.93) and having at least one older sibling (OR 2.00, 95% CI 1.14-3.51).
   Conclusion: A high proportion of urban slum dwelling children had poor growth throughout the first three years of life. Interventions are needed urgently during pregnancy, early breastfeeding and weaning in this population.
C1 [Kang, Gagandeep] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Gastrointestinal Sci, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [Rehman, Andrea M.; Jaffar, Shabbar] Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Trop Epidemiol Grp, MRC, London WC1E 7HT, England.
   [Gladstone, Beryl P.; Muliyil, Jayaprakash] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Community Hlth, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [Verghese, Valsan P.] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Child Hlth, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India.
RP Kang, G (reprint author), Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Gastrointestinal Sci, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India.
EM andrea.rehman@lshtm.ac.uk; Beryljohn@gmail.com; valsan@cmcvellore.ac.in;
   jayaprakash@cmcvellore.ac.in; shabbar.jaffar@lshtm.ac.uk;
   gkang@cmcvellore.ac.in
RI Rehman, Andrea/H-1351-2015
OI Rehman, Andrea/0000-0001-9967-5822; Kang, Gagandeep/0000-0002-3656-564X
FU Department of Gastrointestinal Sciences, Christian Medical College,
   Vellore; Medical Research Council [G0700837]
FX This work was supported by Wellcome Trust Trilateral Cooperative
   Initiative on Infectious Diseases grant 063144. We are indebted to the
   parents and children from the urban slums of Ramanaickapalayam, Kasba,
   Chinnallavaram and Vasanthapuram from Vellore, who participated in the
   study. We also thank the field workers for their tireless monitoring of
   this cohort and all the support staff of the Department of
   Gastrointestinal Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore, who made
   this study possible. We would also like to acknowledge Cynthia Fisher
   who conducted the initial assessments of nutritional status in the
   children and formulated the methods for supplementation and data
   collection for further follow up. We are indebted to Mike Kenwood and
   James Carpenter for their advice on the analysis of missing data.
   Finally we would like to thank the reviewers, Richard Guerrant and
   William Checkley for their helpful comments on our manuscript.
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PI LONDON
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SN 1475-2891
J9 NUTR J
JI Nutr. J.
PD SEP 29
PY 2009
VL 8
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DI 10.1186/1475-2891-8-44
PG 11
WC Nutrition & Dietetics
SC Nutrition & Dietetics
GA 508YK
UT WOS:000270975000001
PM 19788734
OA DOAJ Gold, Green Published
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Donowitz, JR
   Alam, M
   Kabir, M
   Ma, JZ
   Nazib, F
   Platts-Mills, JA
   Bartelt, LA
   Haque, R
   Petri, WA
AF Donowitz, Jeffrey R.
   Alam, Masud
   Kabir, Mamun
   Ma, Jennie Z.
   Nazib, Forida
   Platts-Mills, James A.
   Bartelt, Luther A.
   Haque, Rashidul
   Petri, William A., Jr.
TI A Prospective Longitudinal Cohort to Investigate the Effects of Early
   Life Giardiasis on Growth and All Cause Diarrhea
SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
DE Giardia; diarrhea; growth; stunting; low-income countries
ID DUODENALIS ASSEMBLAGE; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; BEDOUIN INFANTS; CHILDREN;
   INFECTION; LAMBLIA; MALNUTRITION; BANGLADESH; PROTECTION; ANTIBODIES
AB Background. Growth stunting in children under 2 years of age in low-income countries is common. Giardia is a ubiquitous pathogen in this age group but studies investigating Giardia's effect on both growth and diarrhea have produced conflicting results.
   Methods. We conducted a prospective longitudinal birth cohort study in Dhaka, Bangladesh, with monthly Giardia and continuous diarrheal surveillance.
   Results. 629 children were enrolled within the first 72 hours of life, and 445 completed 2 years of the study. 12% of children were stunted at birth with 57% stunted by 2 years. 7% of children had a Giardia positive surveillance stool in the first 6 months of life, whereas 74% had a positive stool by 2 years. The median time to first Giardia positive surveillance stool was 17 months. Presence of Giardia in a monthly surveillance stool within the first 6 months of life decreased length-for-age Z score at 2 years by 0.4 (95% confidence interval, -.80 to -.001; P value .05) whereas total number of Giardia positive months over the 2-year period of observation did not. Neither variable was associated with weight-for-age Z score at 2 years. In our model to examine predictors of diarrhea only exclusive breastfeeding was significantly associated with decreased diarrhea (P value <.001).
   Concomitant giardiasis was neither a risk factor nor protective. Conclusions. Early life Giardia was a risk factor for stunting at age 2 but not poor weight gain. Presence of Giardia neither increased nor decreased odds of acute all cause diarrhea.
C1 [Donowitz, Jeffrey R.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Childrens Hosp Richmond, Div Pediat Infect Dis, Richmond, VA 23284 USA.
   [Alam, Masud; Kabir, Mamun; Haque, Rashidul] Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Parasitol Lab, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
   [Ma, Jennie Z.] Univ Virginia, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Charlottesville, VA USA.
   [Nazib, Forida] Univ Vermont, Coll Med, Dept Med, Burlington, VT 05405 USA.
   [Nazib, Forida] Univ Vermont, Coll Med, Vaccine Testing Ctr, Burlington, VT 05405 USA.
   [Platts-Mills, James A.; Petri, William A., Jr.] Univ Virginia, Div Infect Dis & Int Hlth, Charlottesville, VA USA.
   [Bartelt, Luther A.] Univ N Carolina, Div Infect Dis, Chapel Hill, NC USA.
RP Petri, WA (reprint author), Div Infect Dis & Int Hlth, POB 801340, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA.
EM wap3g@virginia.edu
FU National Institutes of Health [R01AI043596, K08AI108730]; Pediatric
   Scientist Development Program [5K12HD000850]; Bill and Melinda Gates
   Foundation
FX Funding for this work was supported by the National Institutes of Health
   [grant numbers R01AI043596, K08AI108730], the Pediatric Scientist
   Development Program [grant number 5K12HD000850], and the Bill and
   Melinda Gates Foundation.
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U2 6
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PI CARY
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SN 1058-4838
EI 1537-6591
J9 CLIN INFECT DIS
JI Clin. Infect. Dis.
PD SEP 15
PY 2016
VL 63
IS 6
BP 792
EP 797
DI 10.1093/cid/ciw391
PG 6
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
GA DW7UK
UT WOS:000383857500013
PM 27313261
OA Green Published, Bronze
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Patil, CL
   Turab, A
   Ambikapathi, R
   Nesamvuni, C
   Chandyo, RK
   Bose, A
   Islam, MM
   Ahmed, AMS
   Olortegui, MP
   de Moraes, ML
   Caulfield, LE
AF Patil, Crystal L.
   Turab, Ali
   Ambikapathi, Ramya
   Nesamvuni, Cebisa
   Chandyo, Ram Krishna
   Bose, Anuradha
   Islam, M. Munirul
   Ahmed, A. M. Shamsir
   Olortegui, Maribel Paredes
   de Moraes, Milena Lima
   Caulfield, Laura E.
CA MAL-ED Network
TI Early interruption of exclusive breastfeeding: results from the
   eight-country MAL-ED study
SO JOURNAL OF HEALTH POPULATION AND NUTRITION
LA English
DT Article
DE Breastfeeding; Prelacteal feeding; Colostrum; MAL-ED; Nepal; Bangladesh;
   Pakistan; India; Brazil; Peru; Tanzania; South Africa
ID RISK-FACTORS; BIRTH COHORT; CHILD DEATHS; INITIATION; DELIVERY;
   UNDERNUTRITION; INFANTS; HEALTH; BRAZIL; SITE
AB We report the infant feeding experiences in the first month of life for 2,053 infants participating in "Malnutrition and Enteric Infections: Consequences for Child Health and Development" (MAL-ED). Eight sites (in Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Brazil, Peru, South Africa, Tanzania), each followed a cohort of children from birth (by day 17), collecting detailed information on infant feeding practices, diet and illness episodes. Mothers were queried twice weekly regarding health status, breastfeeding and the introduction (or no) of non-breast milk liquids and foods. Here, our goal is to describe the early infant feeding practices in the cohort and evaluate factors associated with termination of exclusive breastfeeding in the first month of life. With data from enrollment to a visit at 28-33 days of life, we characterized exclusive, predominant or partial breastfeeding (using a median of 6-9 visits per child across the sites). Only 6 of 2,053 infants were never breastfed. By one month, the prevalences of exclusive breastfeeding were < 60% in 6 of 8 sites, and of partial breastfeeding (or no) were > 20% in 6 of 8 sites. Logistic regression revealed that prelacteal feeding (given to 4-63% of infants) increased the likelihood of partial breastfeeding (Odds Ratio (OR): 1.48 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04, 2.10), as did the withholding of colostrum (2-16% of infants) (OR: 1.63: 1.01, 2.62), and being a first-time mother (OR: 1.38:1.10, 1.75). Our results reveal diversity across these sites, but an overall trend of early transition away from exclusive breastfeeding in the first month of life. Interventions which introduce or reinforce the WHO/UNICEF Ten Steps for Successful Breastfeeding are needed in these sites to improve breastfeeding initiation, to reinforce exclusive breastfeeding and delay introduction of non-breast milk foods and/or liquids.
C1 [de Moraes, Milena Lima; Caulfield, Laura E.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, 615 North Wolfe St,W2041, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA.
   [Patil, Crystal L.] Univ Illinois, Coll Nursing, Dept Women Children & Family Hlth Sci, Chicago, IL USA.
   [Turab, Ali] Aga Khan Univ, Dept Pediat & Child Hlth, Karachi, Pakistan.
   [Ambikapathi, Ramya] NIH, Fogarty Int Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
   [Nesamvuni, Cebisa] Univ Venda, Sch Hlth Sci, Dept Nutr, Thohoyandou, Limpopo Provinc, South Africa.
   [Chandyo, Ram Krishna] Univ Bergen, Ctr Int Hlth, N-5020 Bergen, Norway.
   [Chandyo, Ram Krishna] Tribhuvan Univ, Dept Child Hlth & Inst Med, Kathmandu, Nepal.
   [Bose, Anuradha] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [Islam, M. Munirul] Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Ctr Nutr & Food Secur, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh.
   [Ahmed, A. M. Shamsir] AB PRISMA, Biomed Invest Unit, Iquitos, Peru.
   [Olortegui, Maribel Paredes] Univ Estadual Ceara, Dept Nutr, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil.
RP Caulfield, LE (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, 615 North Wolfe St,W2041, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA.
EM lcaulfie@jhsph.edu
OI Lima de Moraes, Milena/0000-0003-1222-8400
FU Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation; Foundation for the NIH; National
   Institutes of Health/Fogarty International Center
FX The Etiology, Risk Factors and Interactions of Enteric Infections and
   Malnutrition and the Consequences for Child Health and Development
   Project (MAL-ED) is carried out as a collaborative project supported by
   the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the Foundation for the NIH and the
   National Institutes of Health/Fogarty International Center. The authors
   thank the staff and participants of the MAL-ED Network Project for their
   important contributions.
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NR 61
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 4
PU BMC
PI LONDON
PA CAMPUS, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 1606-0997
EI 2072-1315
J9 J HEALTH POPUL NUTR
JI J. Heatlh Popul. Nutr.
PD MAY 1
PY 2015
VL 34
AR 10
DI 10.1186/s41043-015-0004-2
PG 10
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
   Health
GA DF9EW
UT WOS:000371664800002
PM 26825923
OA DOAJ Gold, Green Published
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Stein, AD
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   Martorell, Reynaldo
   Ramji, Siddarth
   Stein, Alan
   Richter, Linda
CA Consortium Hlth-Orientated Res Tra
TI Birth Status, Child Growth, and Adult Outcomes in Low- and Middle-Income
   Countries
SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
LA English
DT Article
ID BODY-MASS INDEX; WEIGHT-GAIN; COHORT PROFILE; YOUNG ADULTHOOD;
   GESTATIONAL-AGE; BLOOD-PRESSURE; SIZE; PRETERM; HEALTH; SUPPLEMENTATION
AB Objective To assess the impact of being born preterm or small for gestational age (SGA) on several adult outcomes.
   Study design We analyzed data for 4518 adult participants in 5 birth cohorts from Brazil, Guatemala, India, the Philippines, and South Africa.
   Results In the study population, 12.8% of males and 11.9% of females were born preterm, and 26.8% of males and 22.4% of females were born term but SGA. Adults born preterm were 1.11 cm shorter (95% CI, 0.57-1.65 cm), and those born term but SGA were 2.35 cm shorter (95% CI, 1.93-2.77 cm) compared with those born at term and appropriate size for gestational age. Blood pressure and blood glucose level did not differ by birth category. Compared with those born term and at appropriate size for gestational age, schooling attainment was 0.44 years lower (95% CI, 0.17-0.71 years) in those born preterm and 0.41 years lower (95% CI, 0.20-0.62 years) in those born term but SGA.
   Conclusion Being born preterm or term but SGA is associated with persistent deficits in adult height and schooling, but is not related to blood pressure or blood glucose level in low-and middle-income settings. Increased postnatal growth is associated with gains in height and schooling regardless of birth status, but not with increases in blood pressure or blood glucose level.
C1 [Stein, Aryeh D.; Hao, Wei; Martorell, Reynaldo] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Hubert Dept Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.
   [Stein, Aryeh D.; Stein, Alan; Richter, Linda] Univ Witwatersrand, Fac Hlth Sci, Med Res Ctr, Wits Dev Pathways Hlth Res Unit, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa.
   [Barros, Fernando C.] Univ Catolica Pelotas, Postgrad Program Hlth & Behav, Pelotas, Brazil.
   [Bhargava, Santosh K.] SL Jain Hosp, Dept Pediat, Delhi, India.
   [Horta, Bernardo L.] Univ Fed Pelotas, Postgrad Program Epidemiol, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil.
   [Lee, Nanette] Univ San Carlos, Off Populat Studies Fdn, Cebu, Philippines.
   [Kuzawa, Christopher W.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Anthropol, Evanston, IL USA.
   [Kuzawa, Christopher W.] Northwestern Univ, Inst Policy Res, Evanston, IL USA.
   [Ramji, Siddarth] Maulana Azad Med Coll, Dept Pediat, New Delhi, India.
   [Stein, Alan] Univ Oxford, Sect Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Oxford, England.
   [Richter, Linda] Human Sci Res Council, Durban, South Africa.
RP Stein, AD (reprint author), Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Hubert Dept Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.
RI Horta, Bernardo/A-7604-2008; Barros, Fernando/D-4857-2013
OI Horta, Bernardo/0000-0001-9843-412X; Stein, Aryeh/0000-0003-1138-6458
FU Wellcome Trust [089257/Z/09/Z]; Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
   [OPP1020058]; Pelotas Birth Cohort (Brazil): Wellcome Trust; INCAP
   Nutrition Trial Cohort Study (Guatemala): US National Institutes of
   Health; New Delhi Birth Cohort Study (India): Indian Council of Medical
   Research; US National Center for Health Statistics; Medical Research
   Council (UK); British Heart Foundation; Cebu Longitudinal Health and
   Nutrition Study (Philippines): US National Institutes of Health; Birth
   to Twenty (South Africa): Wellcome Trust; Human Sciences Research
   Council; South African Medical Research Council; South-African
   Netherlands Programme on Alternative Development; Anglo American
   Chairman's Fund; University of the Witwatersrand; Medical Research
   Council [MC_UP_A620_1016, MC_UU_12011/3]
FX The COHORTS collaboration has received funding from the Wellcome Trust
   (089257/Z/09/Z). Additional funding for data analysis for this paper was
   provided by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP1020058). Funding
   for the individual cohorts was as follows: Pelotas Birth Cohort
   (Brazil): Wellcome Trust; INCAP Nutrition Trial Cohort Study
   (Guatemala): US National Institutes of Health; New Delhi Birth Cohort
   Study (India): Indian Council of Medical Research, US National Center
   for Health Statistics, Medical Research Council (UK), and British Heart
   Foundation; Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Study (Philippines):
   US National Institutes of Health; Birth to Twenty (South Africa):
   Wellcome Trust, Human Sciences Research Council, South African Medical
   Research Council, South-African Netherlands Programme on Alternative
   Development, Anglo American Chairman's Fund, and University of the
   Witwatersrand. The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
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NR 39
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 1
U2 16
PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 0022-3476
EI 1097-6833
J9 J PEDIATR-US
JI J. Pediatr.
PD DEC
PY 2013
VL 163
IS 6
BP 1740
EP U302
DI 10.1016/j.jpeds.2013.08.012
PG 11
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA 259RE
UT WOS:000327543200043
PM 24064150
OA Green Published, Other Gold
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Khalil, A
   Huffman, MD
   Prabhakaran, D
   Osmond, C
   Fall, CHD
   Tandon, N
   Lakshmy, R
   Prabhakaran, P
   Biswas, SKD
   Ramji, S
   Sachdev, HS
   Bhargava, SK
AF Khalil, Anita
   Huffman, Mark D.
   Prabhakaran, Dorairaj
   Osmond, Clive
   Fall, Caroline H. D.
   Tandon, Nikhil
   Lakshmy, Ramakrishnan
   Prabhakaran, Poornima
   Biswas, S. K. Dey
   Ramji, Siddarth
   Sachdev, Harshpal S.
   Bhargava, Santosh K.
CA New Delhi Birth Cohort
TI Predictors of carotid intima-media thickness and carotid plaque in young
   Indian adults: The New Delhi Birth Cohort
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Carotid intima media thickness; Carotid plaque; India; Cohort; Birth
   weight; Infant and childhood growth
ID CARDIOVASCULAR-RISK-FACTORS; TYPE-2 DIABETIC SUBJECTS; BODY-MASS INDEX;
   URBAN-RURAL EPIDEMIOLOGY; ISCHEMIC-HEART-DISEASE; INSULIN-RESISTANCE;
   GLUCOSE-INTOLERANCE; METABOLIC SYNDROME; ASIAN INDIANS; LATER LIFE
AB Background: Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and carotid plaques represent preclinical markers of atherosclerosis. We sought to describe predictors of CIMT and carotid plaques, including early life growth, in a young urban Indian cohort free of clinical cardiovascular disease (CVD). Methods: In 2006-2009, we performed B-mode carotid ultrasound on 600 participants (mean [SD] age 36 [1.1] years; 45% women) from the New Delhi Birth Cohort to evaluate CIMT and carotid plaques (>1 mm). Height and weight were recorded at birth, 2 and 11 years of age. Data on CVD risk factors, anthropometry, medical history, socio-economic position, and lifestyle habits were collected in 1998-2002. Results: Mean (SD) CIMT for men and women was 0.91 (0.12) and 0.86 (0.13) mm, respectively. Carotid plaque was present in 33% of men and 26% of women. Waist circumference in 1998-2002 was positively associated with CIMT (beta coefficient 0.26 mm [0.17, 0.36] per SD) and carotid plaque (OR 1.27 [1.06,1.52] per SD) in 2006-2009. Higher triglycerides, PAI-1, insulin resistance, and diastolic blood pressure, metabolic syndrome, and lower HDL-cholesterol and physical activity predicted higher CIMT and/or plaque (p<0.05). Longer length at 2 years was associated with higher CIMT(p<0.05). These associations were attenuated after adjusting for adult waist circumference. Conclusions: These are the first prospective data from India showing that early life growth, adult sociodemographics, and CVD risk factors predict future CIMT and/or carotid plaque. These relationships appear primarily mediated through central adiposity, highlighting the importance of maintaining a healthy weight in early adulthood to prevent CVD. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Khalil, Anita] Ctr Heart, New Delhi, India.
   [Huffman, Mark D.] Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA.
   [Huffman, Mark D.; Prabhakaran, Dorairaj] Northwestern Univ, Dept Med, Feinberg Sch Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA.
   [Huffman, Mark D.; Prabhakaran, Dorairaj] Ctr Chron Dis Control, New Delhi, India.
   [Prabhakaran, Dorairaj] Publ Hlth Fdn India, Ctr Cardiometab Risk Reduct South Asia CARRS, Ctr Excellence, New Delhi, India.
   [Osmond, Clive; Fall, Caroline H. D.] Univ Southampton, Southampton Gen Hosp, MRC Lifecourse Epidemiol Unit, Southampton, Hants, England.
   [Tandon, Nikhil] All India Inst Med Sci, Dept Endocrinol, New Delhi, India.
   [Lakshmy, Ramakrishnan] All India Inst Med Sci, Dept Biochem, New Delhi 110029, India.
   [Prabhakaran, Poornima] Publ Hlth Fdn India, New Delhi, India.
   [Biswas, S. K. Dey] Indian Council Med Res, New Delhi, India.
   [Ramji, Siddarth] Maulana Azad Med Coll, Dept Pediat, New Delhi, India.
   [Bhargava, Santosh K.] Sitaram Bhartia Inst Sci & Res, Dept Pediat & Clin Epidemiol, New Delhi, India.
   [Bhargava, Santosh K.] Sunder Lal Jain Hosp, Dept Pediat, New Delhi, India.
RP Huffman, MD (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, 680 N Lake Shore Dr,Suite 1400, Chicago, IL 60611 USA.
EM m-huffman@northwestern.edu
OI Osmond, Clive/0000-0002-9054-4655; Huffman, Mark/0000-0001-7412-2519;
   Prabhakaran, Dorairaj/0000-0002-3172-834X
FU National Centre for Health Statistics; Indian Council of Medical
   Research; British Heart Foundation; NIH/NHLBI through the Department of
   Preventive Medicine at Northwestern University Feinberg School of
   Medicine [T32 HL069771-08]; NIH Fogarty International Center; NIH/NHLBI;
   United Health; Wellcome Trust; Canadian Institute of Health Research;
   Department of Science and Technology (Government of India); Duke
   Clinical Research Institute; Medical Research Council [MC_UP_A620_1017,
   MC_UP_A620_1016, MC_UU_12011/4]
FX Funding: This work was originally supported by the National Centre for
   Health Statistics and the Indian Council of Medical Research and the
   current phase was supported by the British Heart Foundation. The study
   sponsor did not participate in the study design; in the collection,
   analysis, and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; and
   in the decision to submit the paper for publication. MDH was supported
   by the NIH/NHLBI T32 HL069771-08 institutional fellowship in
   cardiovascular epidemiology through the Department of Preventive
   Medicine at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine. DP
   receives research support from NIH Fogarty International Center,
   NIH/NHLBI, United Health, Wellcome Trust, Canadian Institute of Health
   Research, Indian Council of Medical Research, Department of Science and
   Technology (Government of India), and Duke Clinical Research Institute.
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NR 42
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 4
PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD
PI CLARE
PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000,
   IRELAND
SN 0167-5273
J9 INT J CARDIOL
JI Int. J. Cardiol.
PD AUG 20
PY 2013
VL 167
IS 4
BP 1322
EP 1328
DI 10.1016/j.ijcard.2012.03.180
PG 7
WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology
GA 206ZV
UT WOS:000323566800049
PM 22537976
OA Green Accepted
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Sarkar, R
   Ajjampur, SSR
   Prabakaran, AD
   Geetha, JC
   Sowmyanarayanan, TV
   Kane, A
   Duara, J
   Muliyil, J
   Balraj, V
   Naumova, EN
   Ward, H
   Kang, G
AF Sarkar, Rajiv
   Ajjampur, Sitara S. R.
   Prabakaran, Ashok D.
   Geetha, Jayanthy C.
   Sowmyanarayanan, Thuppal V.
   Kane, Anne
   Duara, Joanne
   Muliyil, Jayaprakash
   Balraj, Vinohar
   Naumova, Elena N.
   Ward, Honorine
   Kang, Gagandeep
TI Cryptosporidiosis Among Children in an Endemic Semiurban Community in
   Southern India: Does a Protected Drinking Water Source Decrease
   Infection?
SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
DE cryptosporidiosis; children; India; drinking water; quasi-experimental
   study
ID RISK-FACTORS; PARVUM INFECTION; SPORADIC CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS; PERUVIAN
   CHILDREN; BEDOUIN INFANTS; BIRTH COHORT; DIARRHEA; EPIDEMIOLOGY;
   MALNUTRITION; POPULATION
AB Background. A quasi-experimental study was conducted to determine whether or not a protected water supply (bottled drinking water) could prevent or delay cryptosporidial infections among children residing in an endemic community.
   Methods. A total of 176 children residing in a semiurban slum area in southern India were enrolled preweaning and received either bottled (n = 90) or municipal (n = 86) drinking water based on residence in specific streets. Weekly surveillance visits were conducted until children reached their second birthday. Stool samples were collected every month and during diarrheal episodes, and were tested for the presence of Cryptosporidium species by polymerase chain reaction. Differences in the incidence of cryptosporidiosis between bottled and municipal water groups were compared using Poisson survival models, and a propensity score model was developed to adjust for the effect of potential confounders.
   Results. A total of 186 episodes of cryptosporidiosis, mostly asymptomatic, were observed in 118 (67%) children during the follow-up period at a rate of 0.59 episodes per child-year. Diarrhea associated with Cryptosporidium species tended to be longer in duration and more severe. Stunting at 6 months was associated with a higher risk of cryptosporidiosis (rate ratio [RR] = 1.40; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03-1.91). A higher gastrointestinal disease burden was also seen in children with cryptosporidiosis. Drinking bottled water was not associated with a reduced risk of cryptosporidiosis (adjusted RR = 0.86; 95% CI,.60-1.23).
   Conclusions. This study documented a high burden of cryptosporidiosis among children in an endemic Indian slum community. The lack of association between drinking bottled water and cryptosporidiosis suggests possible spread from asymptomatically infected individuals involving multiple transmission pathways.
C1 [Sarkar, Rajiv; Ajjampur, Sitara S. R.; Prabakaran, Ashok D.; Geetha, Jayanthy C.; Sowmyanarayanan, Thuppal V.; Naumova, Elena N.; Ward, Honorine; Kang, Gagandeep] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Gastrointestinal Sci, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [Muliyil, Jayaprakash; Balraj, Vinohar] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Community Hlth Dept, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [Kane, Anne; Duara, Joanne; Ward, Honorine] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Tufts Med Ctr, Div Geog Med & Infect Dis, Boston, MA 02111 USA.
   [Naumova, Elena N.] Tufts Univ, Sch Engn, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Medford, MA 02155 USA.
RP Kang, G (reprint author), Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Gastrointestinal Sci, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India.
EM gkang@cmcvellore.ac.in
RI Adianto, Joko/K-9546-2014
OI Adianto, Joko/0000-0002-3048-5462; Kang, Gagandeep/0000-0002-3656-564X;
   Naumova, Elena/0000-0002-9562-4734
FU National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [R01 A1075452];
   Fogarty International Center [D43 TW007392]
FX This work was supported by the National Institute of Allergy and
   Infectious Diseases (grant number R01 A1075452 to G. K.). R. S. was
   supported by the Fogarty International Center (training grant number D43
   TW007392 to G. K.).
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NR 42
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 12
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
PI CARY
PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA
SN 1058-4838
EI 1537-6591
J9 CLIN INFECT DIS
JI Clin. Infect. Dis.
PD AUG 1
PY 2013
VL 57
IS 3
BP 398
EP 406
DI 10.1093/cid/cit288
PG 9
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
GA 182IA
UT WOS:000321733700013
PM 23709650
OA Bronze, Green Published
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Caleyachetty, A
   Krishnaveni, GV
   Veena, SR
   Hill, J
   Karat, SC
   Fall, CHD
   Wills, AK
AF Caleyachetty, Amrit
   Krishnaveni, Ghattu V.
   Veena, Sargoor R.
   Hill, Jacqui
   Karat, Samuel C.
   Fall, Caroline H. D.
   Wills, Andrew K.
TI Breastfeeding duration, age of starting solids and high BMI risk and
   adiposity in Indian children
SO MATERNAL AND CHILD NUTRITION
LA English
DT Article
DE breastfeeding duration; complementary feeds; childhood body mass index;
   adiposity; infant weight gain; India
ID BODY-MASS INDEX; ADULT METABOLIC SYNDROME; FORMULA-FED INFANTS; DELHI
   BIRTH COHORT; CHILDHOOD OVERWEIGHT; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK;
   GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; FOLLOW-UP; NUTRITION TRANSITION; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES
AB This study utilized data from a prospective birth cohort study on 568 Indian children, to determine whether a longer duration of breastfeeding and later introduction of solid feeding were associated with a reduced higher body mass index (BMI) and less adiposity. Main outcomes were high BMI (>90th within-cohort sex-specific BMI percentile) and sum of skinfold thickness (triceps and subscapular) at age 5. Main exposures were breastfeeding (six categories from 14 to 21 months) and age of starting regular solid feeding (four categories from 3 to 6 months). Data on infant-feeding practices, socio-economic and maternal factors were collected by questionnaire. Birthweight, maternal and child anthropometry were measured. Multiple regression analysis that accounted for potential confounders demonstrated a small magnitude of effect for breastfeeding duration or introduction of solid feeds on the risk of high BMI but not for lower skinfold thickness. Breastfeeding duration was strongly negatively associated with weight gain (02 years) [adjusted =0.12 standard deviation, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.19 to 0.05 per category change in breastfeeding duration, P=0.001], and weight gain (02 years) was strongly associated with high BMI at 5 years (adjusted odds ratio=3.8, 95% CI: 2.535.56, P<0.001). In our sample, findings suggest that longer breastfeeding duration and later introduction of solids has a small reduction on later high BMI risk and a negligible effect on skinfold thickness. However, accounting for sampling variability, these findings cannot exclude the possibility of no effect at the population level.
C1 [Caleyachetty, Amrit; Hill, Jacqui; Fall, Caroline H. D.] Univ Southampton, Southampton Gen Hosp, MRC Lifecourse Epidemiol Unit, Southampton SO21 2DA, Hants, England.
   [Krishnaveni, Ghattu V.; Veena, Sargoor R.; Karat, Samuel C.] Holdsworth Mem Hosp, Epidemiol Res Unit, Mysore 570021, Karnataka, India.
   [Wills, Andrew K.] MRC Unit Lifelong Hlth & Ageing, London WC1B 5JU, England.
RP Caleyachetty, A (reprint author), Univ Nottingham, City Hosp, Sch Community Hlth Sci, Div Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Nottingham NG5 1PB, England.
EM amrit.caleyachetty@googlemail.com
OI Krishnaveni, Ghattu V/0000-0002-6532-8272
FU Sneha-India; Parthenon Trust, Switzerland; Wellcome Trust, UK; MRC
   Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, UK; Medical Research Council
   [MC_UP_A620_1016]
FX We are tremendously grateful to the women and children who participated,
   to Dr BDR Paul, former director of HMH, and the obstetrics and
   paediatric consultants. We thank Jayakumar, Geetha, Saroja, Chachyamma,
   Tony Gerald, Tony Clifford, Shobha, Gopal Singh, Kiran, Jane Pearce and
   Patsy Coakley for their substantial contributions. We also thank
   Sneha-India for its support.; The study was funded by the Parthenon
   Trust, Switzerland, the Wellcome Trust, UK, and the MRC Lifecourse
   Epidemiology Unit, UK.
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NR 81
TC 16
Z9 17
U1 1
U2 18
PU WILEY
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1740-8695
EI 1740-8709
J9 MATERN CHILD NUTR
JI Matern. Child Nutr.
PD APR
PY 2013
VL 9
IS 2
BP 199
EP 216
DI 10.1111/j.1740-8709.2011.00341.x
PG 18
WC Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics
SC Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics
GA 107IQ
UT WOS:000316209900005
PM 21978208
OA Green Accepted
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Tandon, N
   Fall, CHD
   Osmond, C
   Sachdev, HPS
   Prabhakaran, D
   Ramakrishnan, L
   Biswas, SKD
   Ramji, S
   Khalil, A
   Gera, T
   Reddy, KS
   Barker, DJP
   Cooper, C
   Bhargava, SK
AF Tandon, N.
   Fall, C. H. D.
   Osmond, C.
   Sachdev, H. P. S.
   Prabhakaran, D.
   Ramakrishnan, L.
   Biswas, S. K. Dey
   Ramji, S.
   Khalil, A.
   Gera, T.
   Reddy, K. S.
   Barker, D. J. P.
   Cooper, C.
   Bhargava, S. K.
TI Growth from birth to adulthood and peak bone mass and density data from
   the New Delhi Birth Cohort
SO OSTEOPOROSIS INTERNATIONAL
LA English
DT Article
DE Birth cohort; Body mass index; Bone mineral content; Bone mineral
   density; Childhood growth; Height
ID MINERAL DENSITY; LATER LIFE; CHILDHOOD; FRACTURE; RISK; OSTEOPOROSIS;
   INFANCY; WOMEN; INDEX; WEIGHT
AB Growth in early life may predict adult bone health. Our data showed that greater height and body mass index (BMI) gain in utero and infancy are associated with higher peak bone mass, and greater BMI gain in childhood/adolescence with higher peak bone density. These associations are mediated by attained adult height and BMI.
   To study the relationship of height and BMI during childhood with adult bone mineral content (BMC), areal density (aBMD) and apparent density (BMAD, estimated volumetric density).
   Participants comprised 565 men and women aged 33-39 years from the New Delhi Birth Cohort, India, whose weight and height were recorded at birth and annually during infancy (0-2 years), childhood (2-11 years) and adolescence (11 years-adult). Lumbar spine, femoral neck and forearm BMC and aBMD were measured using dual X-ray absorptiometry; lumbar spine and femoral neck BMAD were calculated.
   Birth length, and height and height gain during infancy, childhood and adolescence were positively correlated with adult BMC (pa parts per thousand currency sign0.01 all sites except birth length with femoral neck). Correlations increased with height from birth to 6 years, then remained constant for later height measurements. There were no associations with BMAD. BMI at birth, and during childhood and adolescence was also positively correlated with BMC (p < 0.01 all sites). BMI at 11 years, and BMI gain in childhood and adolescence, were correlated with aBMD and BMAD (p < 0.001 for all); these correlations strengthened with increasing age of BMI measurement. The associations with height and BMI in early life became non-significant after adjustment for adult height and BMI.
   Greater skeletal growth and BMI gain in utero and during infancy are associated with higher peak BMC, and greater BMI gain in childhood and adolescence is associated with higher peak aBMD and BMAD. These associations are mediated by the attainment of adult height and BMI, respectively.
C1 [Tandon, N.] All India Inst Med Sci, Dept Endocrinol, New Delhi, India.
   [Fall, C. H. D.; Osmond, C.; Barker, D. J. P.; Cooper, C.] Univ Southampton, MRC Lifecourse Epidemiol Unit, Southampton, Hants, England.
   [Sachdev, H. P. S.] Sitaram Bhartia Inst Sci & Res, New Delhi, India.
   [Prabhakaran, D.] Ctr Chron Dis Control, New Delhi, India.
   [Biswas, S. K. Dey] Indian Council Med Res, New Delhi, India.
   [Ramji, S.] Maulana Azad Med Coll, New Delhi, India.
   [Khalil, A.] Ctr Heart, New Delhi, India.
   [Gera, T.] Fortis Hosp, New Delhi, India.
   [Reddy, K. S.] Publ Hlth Fdn India, New Delhi, India.
   [Bhargava, S. K.] Sunder Lal Jain Hosp, New Delhi, India.
   [Ramakrishnan, L.] All India Inst Med Sci, Dept Cardiac Biochem, New Delhi, India.
RP Tandon, N (reprint author), All India Inst Med Sci, Dept Endocrinol, New Delhi, India.
EM nikhil_tandon@hotmail.com; chdf@mrc.soton.ac.uk; co@mrc.soton.ac.uk;
   hpssachdev@gmail.com; dprabhakaran@ccdcindia.org; lakshmy_ram@yahoo.com;
   deybiswassk@hotmail.com; siddarthramji@gmail.com; anitakhalil@yahoo.co;
   tarun256@yahoo.com; ksrinath.reddy@phfi.org; djpbarker@gmail.com;
   cc@mrc.soton.ac.uk; drskbhargava@yahoo.com
OI Cooper, Cyrus/0000-0003-3510-0709; Osmond, Clive/0000-0002-9054-4655;
   Prabhakaran, Dorairaj/0000-0002-3172-834X
FU Indian Council of Medical Research; National Institutes of Health (USA);
   British Heart Foundation; Wellcome Trust UK; Medical Research Council
   UK; NIHR Nutrition and Metabolism Biomedical Research Unit; University
   of Southampton; NIHR Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit,
   University of Oxford; Medical Research Council [U1475000001,
   MC_UP_A620_1016, MC_UP_A620_1014]; National Institute for Health
   Research [NF-SI-0508-10082]
FX We thank the participants, and field and laboratory staff. We
   acknowledge Dr. Shanti Ghosh and I. M. Moriyama, who initiated the
   cohort study with Dr. Bhargava, Vinod Kapani for technical input,
   Rajeshwari Verma and Bhaskar Singh for maintaining liaison with the
   cohort, Dileep Gupta, data manager and statistician at the Sitaram
   Bhartiya Institute for Science and Research, and Sushil Chugh and Jose
   Augustine, DXA technicians at the All India Institute of Medical
   Sciences. The original study was funded by the Indian Council of Medical
   Research and National Institutes of Health (USA). The current study was
   funded by the British Heart Foundation, the Wellcome Trust UK, the
   Medical Research Council UK, the NIHR Nutrition and Metabolism
   Biomedical Research Unit, University of Southampton and the NIHR
   Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, University of Oxford.
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NR 30
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 4
PU SPRINGER LONDON LTD
PI LONDON
PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, 6TH FLOOR, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND
SN 0937-941X
EI 1433-2965
J9 OSTEOPOROSIS INT
JI Osteoporosis Int.
PD OCT
PY 2012
VL 23
IS 10
BP 2447
EP 2459
DI 10.1007/s00198-011-1857-x
PG 13
WC Endocrinology & Metabolism
SC Endocrinology & Metabolism
GA 006KO
UT WOS:000308818300005
PM 22237812
OA Green Accepted
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Holtz, LR
   Bauer, IK
   Rajendran, P
   Kang, G
   Wang, D
AF Holtz, Lori R.
   Bauer, Irma K.
   Rajendran, Priya
   Kang, Gagandeep
   Wang, David
TI Astrovirus MLB1 Is Not Associated with Diarrhea in a Cohort of Indian
   Children
SO PLOS ONE
LA English
DT Article
ID BIRTH COHORT; GASTROENTERITIS; ROTAVIRUS; DISEASE; VOLUNTEERS;
   INFECTION; ETIOLOGY; ILLNESS; SLUM
AB Astroviruses are a known cause of human diarrhea. Recently the highly divergent astrovirus MLB1 (MLB1) was identified in a stool sample from a patient with diarrhea. It has subsequently been detected in stool from individuals with and without diarrhea. To determine whether MLB1 is associated with diarrhea, we conducted a case control study of MLB1. In parallel, the prevalence of the classic human astroviruses (HAstVs) was also determined in the same case control cohort. 400 cases and 400 paired controls from a longitudinal birth cohort in Vellore, India were analyzed by RT-PCR. While HAstVs were associated with diarrhea (p = 0.029) in this cohort, MLB1 was not; 14 of the controls and 4 cases were positive for MLB1. Furthermore, MLB1 viral load did not differ significantly between the cases and controls. The role of MLB1 in human health still remains unknown and future studies are needed.
C1 [Holtz, Lori R.] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, St Louis, MO 63110 USA.
   [Bauer, Irma K.; Wang, David] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Mol Microbiol, St Louis, MO 63110 USA.
   [Bauer, Irma K.; Wang, David] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Immunol, St Louis, MO 63110 USA.
   [Rajendran, Priya; Kang, Gagandeep] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Gastrointestinal Sci, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
RP Holtz, LR (reprint author), Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, St Louis, MO 63110 USA.
EM davewang@borcim.wustl.edu
OI Kang, Gagandeep/0000-0002-3656-564X; Holtz, Lori/0000-0002-5591-7794
FU National Institutes of Health (NIH)/National Center for Research
   Resources Washington University-ICTS [KL2 RR024994]; NIH [R21 AI090199];
   Burroughs Wellcome Fund
FX This work was supported in part by National Institutes of Health
   (NIH)/National Center for Research Resources Washington University-ICTS
   grant number KL2 RR024994 and by NIH grant R21 AI090199. DW holds an
   Investigators in the Pathogenesis of Infectious Disease Award from the
   Burroughs Wellcome Fund. The funders had no role in study design, data
   collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the
   manuscript.
CR AHMED S, NOVEL ASTRO IN PRESS
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NR 32
TC 16
Z9 17
U1 0
U2 0
PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA
SN 1932-6203
J9 PLOS ONE
JI PLoS One
PD DEC 9
PY 2011
VL 6
IS 12
AR e28647
DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0028647
PG 3
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 866FK
UT WOS:000298365700054
PM 22174853
OA DOAJ Gold, Green Published
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Zaman, K
   Takeuchi, H
   Yunus, M
   El Arifeen, S
   Chowdhury, HR
   Baqui, AH
   Wakai, S
   Iwata, T
AF Zaman, Khalequz
   Takeuchi, Haruko
   Yunus, Md
   El Arifeen, Shams
   Chowdhury, Hafizur R.
   Baqui, Abdullah H.
   Wakai, Susmu
   Iwata, Tsutomu
TI Asthma in rural Bangladeshi children
SO INDIAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
LA English
DT Article
DE asthma; wheezing; pneumonia; Bangladesh
ID RESPIRATORY-SYNCYTIAL-VIRUS; CHILDHOOD ASTHMA; BIRTH COHORT; AGE 13;
   PREVALENCE; INFECTIONS; ALLERGY; BRONCHIOLITIS; RHINOVIRUS; RISK
AB Objective. Although bronchial asthma causes a great deal of morbidity among children in Bangladesh, few epidemiological studies addressed this problem. The study aims to determine the prevalence of wheezing and its association with environmental and host factors.
   Methods. A total of 1587 children aged 60-71 mth living in 50 villages in rural Bangladesh at Matlab was studied. Trained field workers interviewed caretakers of these children to diagnose wheezing using an adopted questionnaire of the International Studies of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC). History of pneumonia among wheezing and non-wheezing children during their childhood was obtained from the surveillance records.
   Results. The prevalence of wheezing in the last 12 mth prior to survey was 16.1% (95% Cl: 14.3%, 18.0%), significantly higher among children who had attacks of pneumonia during their infancy compared to children who did not (23.0% vs 14.6%, p < 0.0001). Risk factors associated with wheezing were pneumonia at ages 0-12m (OR= 1.50, 95% Cl 1.08, 2.10) and 13-24m (OR= 2.12, 1.46, 3.08), maternal asthma ( OR= 3.01, 95% Cl 2.02, 4.47), paternal asthma (OR= 3.12, 95% Cl 1.85, 5.26), maternal eczema (OR= 1.81, 95% Cl 1.14, 2.87) and family income <= 100 US$ (OR for US$ 51-99= 1.63, 95% Cl 1.05, 2.53; OR for US$ <= 50= 2.12, 95% Cl 1.31, 3.44).
   Conclusion. Our results suggest that wheezing is a significant cause of morbidity among children in rural Bangladesh. Greater efforts are needed to prevent pneumonia among children during their infancy to reduce the chances of subsequent development of wheezing.
C1 Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Tokyo, Japan.
   Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
   Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Med, Tokyo, Japan.
   Tokyo Kasei Univ, Tokyo, Japan.
RP Zaman, K (reprint author), ICDDR, B GPO Box 128, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh.
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NR 34
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 3
PU ALL INDIA INST MEDICAL SCIENCES
PI NEW DELHI
PA ANSARI NAGAR, NEW DELHI 110 029, INDIA
SN 0019-5456
J9 INDIAN J PEDIATR
JI Indian J. Pediatr.
PD JUN
PY 2007
VL 74
IS 6
BP 539
EP 543
DI 10.1007/s12098-007-0104-0
PG 5
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA 211DU
UT WOS:000249505300001
PM 17595495
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Murphy, L
   Sievert, L
   Begum, K
   Sharmeen, T
   Puleo, E
   Chowdhury, O
   Muttukrishna, S
   Bentley, G
AF Murphy, Lorna
   Sievert, Lynnette
   Begum, Khurshida
   Sharmeen, Taniya
   Puleo, Elaine
   Chowdhury, Osul
   Muttukrishna, Shanthi
   Bentley, Gillian
TI Life course effects on age at menopause among Bangladeshi sedentees and
   migrants to the UK
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID BRITISH BIRTH COHORT; NATURAL MENOPAUSE; CLIMACTERIC SYMPTOMS;
   NUTRITIONAL-STATUS; INDIAN POPULATION; RURAL BANGLADESH; WOMEN; HEALTH;
   FLOODS; DISASTERS
AB Objectives: To assess how different variables experienced across the life course, but particularly during early life, might affect age at menopause among 174 Bangladeshi migrants to London by comparing them to 157 nonmigrant sedentees and 154 women of European descent in London. Methods: Participants were aged 3559 years, with no exogenous hormone use in the past three months, not pregnant or lactating, with no history of hysterectomy or oophorectomy. Face-to-face interviews and anthropometric measures were carried out. In addition to mean recalled age at natural menopause, median age was computed by probit analysis. Ages at menopause were examined by bivariate and Cox regression analyses in relation to demographic, reproductive, and lifestyle variables, and in relation to potential exposure to cyclones in early childhood. Results: Ages at menopause were significantly earlier among Bangladeshi sedentees and immigrants compared to Londoners of European origin. Ages at menopause were earlier among sedentees compared to immigrants. Urban birthplace, more infectious diseases during childhood, and lower levels of education increased the risk of an earlier menopause. Conclusions: Changes in environmental conditions during adulthood appeared to modify age at menopause among Bangladeshi immigrants in London compared to women living in Bangladesh; however, Bangladeshi immigrants still experienced an earlier age at menopause compared with their London neighbors of European descent. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2013. (c) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
C1 [Murphy, Lorna] UMass Amherst, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA.
   [Murphy, Lorna; Sievert, Lynnette] UMass Amherst, Dept Anthropol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA.
   [Begum, Khurshida; Sharmeen, Taniya] UCL, Dept Anthropol, London WC1E 6BT, England.
   [Chowdhury, Osul] MAG Osmani Med Coll, Sylhet, Bangladesh.
   [Muttukrishna, Shanthi] Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Cork, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Cork, Ireland.
   [Bentley, Gillian] Univ Durham, Dept Anthropol, Durham DH1 3HP, England.
RP Murphy, L (reprint author), UMass Amherst, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, 410 Arnold House,715 N Pleasant St, Amherst, MA 01003 USA.
EM lmurp0@schoolph.umass.edu
OI Sharmeen, Taniya/0000-0002-4600-0001
FU NSF [0548393]; Wolfson Research Institute, Durham University; Institute
   of Advanced Study, Durham University; Sigma Xi
FX Contract grant sponsor: NSF; Contract grant number: 0548393; Contract
   grant sponsors: Wolfson Research Institute, Durham University; Institute
   of Advanced Study, Durham University; Sigma Xi.
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NR 80
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 1
U2 24
PU WILEY
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1042-0533
EI 1520-6300
J9 AM J HUM BIOL
JI Am. J. Hum. Biol.
PD JAN-FEB
PY 2013
VL 25
IS 1
BP 83
EP 93
DI 10.1002/ajhb.22345
PG 11
WC Anthropology; Biology
SC Anthropology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics
GA 057BS
UT WOS:000312537400011
PM 23175465
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Antonisamy, B
   Raghupathy, P
   Christopher, S
   Richard, J
   Rao, PSS
   Barker, DJP
   Fall, CHD
AF Antonisamy, B.
   Raghupathy, P.
   Christopher, Solomon
   Richard, J.
   Rao, P. S. S.
   Barker, David J. P.
   Fall, Caroline H. D.
TI Cohort Profile: The 1969-73 Vellore birth cohort study in South India
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID ISCHEMIC-HEART-DISEASE; INTRAUTERINE GROWTH; FETAL-GROWTH; TAMIL-NADU;
   WEIGHT; RISK; DEATH; MEN; AGE
C1 [Antonisamy, B.; Christopher, Solomon; Richard, J.; Rao, P. S. S.] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Biostat, Vellore 632002, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [Raghupathy, P.] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Child Hlth, Vellore 632002, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [Barker, David J. P.; Fall, Caroline H. D.] Univ Southampton, MRC Epidemiol Resource Ctr, Southampton SO9 5NH, Hants, England.
RP Antonisamy, B (reprint author), Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Biostat, Vellore 632002, Tamil Nadu, India.
EM antoni@cmcvellore.ac.in
FU Medical Research Council [U1475000003]; British Heart Foundation
   [PG/05/046/18730, RG\\98001]; PHS HHS [01-657-2 NCHS-IND- 7]; Medical
   Research Council [MC_U147585821, U.1475.00.004.00005.01(74245),
   G0400519, MC_U147574245]
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NR 25
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 0
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 0300-5771
J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL
JI Int. J. Epidemiol.
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 38
IS 3
BP 663
EP 669
DI 10.1093/ije/dyn159
PG 7
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA 481KU
UT WOS:000268810100011
PM 18684785
OA Green Accepted
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Valeri, L
   Mazumdar, MM
   Bobb, JF
   Henn, BC
   Rodrigues, E
   Sharif, OIA
   Kile, ML
   Quamruzzaman, Q
   Afroz, S
   Golam, M
   Amarasiriwardena, C
   Bellinger, DC
   Christiani, DC
   Coull, BA
   Wright, RO
AF Valeri, Linda
   Mazumdar, Maitreyi M.
   Bobb, Jennifer F.
   Henn, Birgit Claus
   Rodrigues, Ema
   Sharif, Omar I. A.
   Kile, Molly L.
   Quamruzzaman, Quazi
   Afroz, Sakila
   Golam, Mostafa
   Amarasiriwardena, Citra
   Bellinger, David C.
   Christiani, David C.
   Coull, Brent A.
   Wright, Robert O.
TI The Joint Effect of Prenatal Exposure to Metal Mixtures on
   Neurodevelopmental Outcomes at 20-40 Months of Age: Evidence from Rural
   Bangladesh
SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES
LA English
DT Article
ID CHILDRENS INTELLECTUAL FUNCTION; WATER ARSENIC EXPOSURE;
   CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; CHEMICAL-MIXTURES; MANGANESE EXPOSURE;
   DRINKING-WATER; HEALTH; LEAD; ARAIHAZAR; COHORT
AB BACKGROUND: Exposure to chemicalmixtures is recognized as the real-life scenario in all populations, needing new statistical methods that can assess their complex effects. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to assess the joint effect of in utero exposure to arsenic, manganese, and lead on children's neurodevelopment.
   METHODS: We employed a novel statistical approach, Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR), to study the joint effect of coexposure to arsenic, manganese, and lead on neurodevelopment using an adapted Bayley Scale of Infant and Toddler Development-(TM). Third Edition, in 825 mother child pairs recruited into a prospective birth cohort from two clinics in the Pabna and Sirajdikhan districts of Bangladesh. Metals were measured in cord blood using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry.
   RESULTS: Analyses were stratified by clinic due to differences in exposure profiles. In the Pahna district, which displayed high manganese levels [interquartile range (IQR): 4.8, 18 mu g/dl] we found a statistically significant negative effect of the mixture of arsenic, lead, and manganese on cognitive score when cord blood metals concentrations were all above the 60th percentile (As >= 0.7 mu g/dl, Mn >= 6.6 mu g/dl, Pb >= 4.2 mu g/dl) compared to the median (As = 0.5 mu g/dl, 'Mn =5.8 mu g/dl, Pb = 3.1 mu g/dl). Evidence of a nonlinear effect of manganese was found. A change in log manganese from the 25th to the 75th percentile when arsenic and manganese were at the median was associated with a decrease in cognitive score of 0.3 ( 0.5, 0.1) standard deviations. Our study suggests that arsenic might be a potentiator of manganese toxicity.
   CONCLUSIONS: Employing a novel statistical method for the study of the health effects of chemical mixtures, we found evidence of neurotoxicity of the mixture, as well as potential synergism between arsenic and manganese.
C1 [Valeri, Linda] McLean Hosp, Lab Psychiat Biostat, 115 Mills St, Belmont, MA 02478 USA.
   [Valeri, Linda] Harvard Med Sch, Dept Psychiat, Boston, MA USA.
   [Mazumdar, Maitreyi M.; Rodrigues, Ema; Bellinger, David C.] Boston Childrens Hosp, Dept Neurol, Boston, MA USA.
   [Mazumdar, Maitreyi M.; Rodrigues, Ema; Bellinger, David C.; Christiani, David C.; Coull, Brent A.] Harvard TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA USA.
   [Bobb, Jennifer F.] Grp Hlth Res Inst, Seattle, WA USA.
   [Henn, Birgit Claus] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA USA.
   [Sharif, Omar I. A.; Quamruzzaman, Quazi; Afroz, Sakila; Golam, Mostafa] Dakha Community Hosp, Dakha, Bangladesh.
   [Kile, Molly L.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Publ Hlth & Human Sci, Portland, OR USA.
   [Amarasiriwardena, Citra; Wright, Robert O.] Icahn Sch Med, Dept Environm Med & Publ Hlth, New York, NY USA.
RP Valeri, L (reprint author), McLean Hosp, Lab Psychiat Biostat, 115 Mills St, Belmont, MA 02478 USA.
EM lvaleri@mclean.harvard.edu
FU National Institutes of Health [P42 ES16454, R01ES015533, K23 ES017437,
   R00 ES022986, P30 ES000002, P30 ES023515, R01 ES014930]
FX Authors were supported by National Institutes of Health grants P42
   ES16454, R01ES015533, K23 ES017437, R00 ES022986, P30 ES000002, P30
   ES023515, R01 ES014930.
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NR 40
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 7
U2 17
PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE
PI RES TRIANGLE PK
PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233,
   RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA
SN 0091-6765
EI 1552-9924
J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP
JI Environ. Health Perspect.
PD JUN
PY 2017
VL 125
IS 6
AR UNSP 067015
DI 10.1289/EHP614
PG 11
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health;
   Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
   Health; Toxicology
GA FK8VK
UT WOS:000413788400024
PM 28669934
OA DOAJ Gold, Green Published
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Turab, A
   Soofi, SB
   Ahmed, I
   Bhatti, Z
   Zaidi, AKM
   Bhutta, ZA
AF Turab, Ali
   Soofi, Sajid B.
   Ahmed, Imran
   Bhatti, Zaid
   Zaidi, Anita K. M.
   Bhutta, Zulfiqar Ahmad
TI Demographic, Socioeconomic, and Health Characteristics of the MAL-ED
   Network Study Site in Rural Pakistan
SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
DE birth cohort; child heath; demographics; MAL-ED; Pakistan
ID SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS; CHILD-MORTALITY; NATIONAL CAUSES; UNDERNUTRITION
AB The Pakistan study site of the Etiology, Risk Factors and Interactions of Enteric Infections and Malnutrition and the Consequences for Child Health and Development (MAL-ED) cohort study is located in Molhan union council of Naushahro Feroze district in the Sindh province. The study site is located in a rural district, where the majority of the population has an agrarian livelihood. Most families are nuclear families and the average household has 7 persons. More than half the women in the region have no formal education, and the median parity is 6. Only 48%-61% of the households across the district, province, and country have access to an improved toilet facility. Similar to the provincial and national estimates, the district has a low rate of exclusive breastfeeding at 6 months, and the prevalence of prelacteal feeding is high. There is also a high proportion of malnourished children. In addition, the acute respiratory infection and diarrheal illness burden and the mortality rates in children <5 years old in the district are high but comparable with the provincial and national estimates. Overall, the district is representative of rural populations at the regional and national level in terms of demographics, socioeconomic status, and general health and mortality indicators.
C1 [Turab, Ali; Soofi, Sajid B.; Ahmed, Imran; Bhatti, Zaid; Zaidi, Anita K. M.] Aga Khan Univ, Dept Paediat & Child Hlth, Karachi, Pakistan.
   [Bhutta, Zulfiqar Ahmad] Aga Khan Univ, Div Women & Child Hlth, Karachi, Pakistan.
RP Bhutta, ZA (reprint author), Aga Khan Univ, Ctr Excellence Women & Child Hlth, Karachi, Pakistan.
EM zufiqar.bhutta@aku.edu
FU Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation; Foundation for the National Institutes
   of Health; Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health
FX The Etiology, Risk Factors and Interactions of Enteric Infections and
   Malnutrition and the Consequences for Child Health and Development
   Project (MAL-ED) is carried out as a collaborative project supported by
   the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the Foundation for the National
   Institutes of Health, and Fogarty International Center, National
   Institutes of Health.
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   You D, 2013, 2013 UN CHILDR FUND
NR 11
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 0
U2 3
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
PI CARY
PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA
SN 1058-4838
EI 1537-6591
J9 CLIN INFECT DIS
JI Clin. Infect. Dis.
PD NOV 1
PY 2014
VL 59
SU 4
BP S304
EP S309
DI 10.1093/cid/ciu391
PG 6
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
GA AT0TJ
UT WOS:000344647400016
PM 25305302
OA Bronze
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Colah, R
   Mukherjee, M
   Ghosh, K
AF Colah, Roshan
   Mukherjee, Malay
   Ghosh, Kanjaksha
TI Sickle cell disease in India
SO CURRENT OPINION IN HEMATOLOGY
LA English
DT Review
DE epidemiology; hydroxyurea therapy; India; morbidity; sickle cell disease
ID FETAL-HEMOGLOBIN LEVELS; FACTOR-V-LEIDEN; HYDROXYUREA THERAPY;
   ALPHA-THALASSEMIA; GENE HAPLOTYPES; EASTERN INDIA; MOLECULAR
   CHARACTERIZATION; PROTHROMBIN G20210A; DOSE HYDROXYUREA; CLINICAL EVENTS
AB Purpose of reviewSickle cell disease (SCD) poses a considerable health burden in India. This review focuses on the recent initiatives to understand the variable phenotypes, the role of hydroxyurea in patients with the Asian haplotype and the feasibility of newborn screening, awareness and control programs.Recent findingsA systematic long follow up of patients in central India has documented the clinical events and the causes of significant morbidity and mortality. Fixed low dose hydroxyurea was sufficient for a clinical and hematological response in severe patients who had high baseline fetal hemoglobin (HbF) levels. Follow-up of birth cohorts of SCD babies initiated recently has shown that in central India babies clinically present with early and severe anemia, requiring blood transfusions, and septicemia, which are the most common complications, whereas babies from tribal communities in south Gujarat have no severe complications. Greater awareness has led to increasing requests for prenatal diagnosis.SummarySCD in India is not uniformly mild despite high fetal hemoglobin levels. The benefits of comprehensive care and hydroxyurea therapy have been demonstrated. Newborn screening is acceptable and is beginning to throw light on the natural history of the disease. The central and state governments are now supporting the establishment of centers for the diagnosis of patients and comprehensive care.
C1 [Colah, Roshan; Mukherjee, Malay; Ghosh, Kanjaksha] Natl Inst Immunohaematol, Bombay, Maharashtra, India.
RP Colah, R (reprint author), Natl Inst Immunohaematol ICMR, 13th Floor,NMS Bldg,KEM Hosp Campus, Bombay 400012, Maharashtra, India.
EM colahrb@gmail.com
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NR 85
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 0
U2 8
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA
SN 1065-6251
EI 1531-7048
J9 CURR OPIN HEMATOL
JI Curr. Opin. Hematol.
PD MAY
PY 2014
VL 21
IS 3
BP 215
EP 223
DI 10.1097/MOH.0000000000000029
PG 9
WC Hematology
SC Hematology
GA AF8HW
UT WOS:000334957500009
PM 24714525
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Ajjampur, SSR
   Sarkar, R
   Allison, G
   Banda, K
   Kane, A
   Muliyil, J
   Naumova, E
   Ward, H
   Kang, G
AF Ajjampur, Sitara Swarna Rao
   Sarkar, Rajiv
   Allison, Geneve
   Banda, Kalyan
   Kane, Anne
   Muliyil, Jayaprakash
   Naumova, Elena
   Ward, Honorine
   Kang, Gagandeep
TI Serum IgG Response to Cryptosporidium Immunodominant Antigen gp15 and
   Polymorphic Antigen gp40 in Children with Cryptosporidiosis in South
   India
SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID HIV-INFECTED INDIVIDUALS; ANTIBODY-RESPONSES; PERUVIAN CHILDREN;
   CHILDHOOD DIARRHEA; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; PARVUM INFECTION;
   IMMUNE-RESPONSE; SEMIURBAN SLUM; COMMUNITY; EPIDEMIOLOGY
AB The surface-associated glycopeptides gp40, one of the most polymorphic Cryptosporidium antigens, and gp15, one of the most immunodominant Cryptosporidium antigens, are putative vaccine candidates because they mediate infection in vitro and induce immune responses in vivo. We evaluated antibody responses to these antigens before and after the first episode of symptomatic cryptosporidiosis in 51 children from a birth cohort study in an area in South India where Cryptosporidium is endemic and a major cause of parasitic diarrhea. IgG levels to gp15 and to homotypic and heterotypic gp40 antigens were measured in pre-and postdiarrheal sera by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). There was a significant IgG response to gp15 (P < 0.001) following the first episode of cryptosporidial diarrhea. Using a general additive model, we determined the estimated time of the peak IgG response to gp15 to be 9.3 weeks (confidence interval, 5.2 to 13.4) following the diarrheal episode. In a subset of 30 children infected with Cryptosporidium hominis subtype Ia, there was a significant difference in IgG responses to homotypic C. hominis Ia and to heterotypic Cryptosporidium parvum II gp40 antigens (P = 0.035). However, there was also a significant correlation (P = 0.001) in the responses to both antigens in individual children, suggesting that while responses are in part subtype specific, there is significant cross-reactivity to both antigens. This is the first report of the characterization of immune responses to cryptosporidiosis in Indian children and the first study to investigate human immune responses to the polymorphic gp40 antigen. However, further studies are needed to determine whether immune responses to these antigens are protective against subsequent infections.
C1 [Ajjampur, Sitara Swarna Rao; Sarkar, Rajiv; Banda, Kalyan; Ward, Honorine; Kang, Gagandeep] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Gastrointestinal Sci, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [Muliyil, Jayaprakash] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Community Hlth, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [Allison, Geneve; Kane, Anne; Ward, Honorine] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Tufts Med Ctr, Div Geog Med & Infect Dis, Boston, MA 02111 USA.
   [Ajjampur, Sitara Swarna Rao; Naumova, Elena; Ward, Honorine; Kang, Gagandeep] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth & Family Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA.
RP Kang, G (reprint author), Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Gastrointestinal Sci, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India.
EM hward@tuftsmedicalcenter.org; gkang@cmcvellore.ac.in
RI Naumova, Elena/C-5954-2011
OI Kang, Gagandeep/0000-0002-3656-564X; Naumova, Elena/0000-0002-9562-4734
FU National Institutes of Health [FIC R03 TW2711, NIAID R01 AI52786, R01
   AI072222]; FIC [D43 TW007392]; NIAID [T32 AI07389]
FX This work was supported by National Institutes of Health grants FIC R03
   TW2711, NIAID R01 AI52786, and R01 AI072222. S.S.R.A. and R.S. were
   supported by FIC training grant D43 TW007392. G.A. was supported by
   NIAID training grant T32 AI07389.
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NR 55
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 0
U2 7
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA
SN 1556-6811
EI 1556-679X
J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL
JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol.
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 18
IS 4
BP 633
EP 639
DI 10.1128/CVI.00464-10
PG 7
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
GA 746IL
UT WOS:000289238500017
PM 21288997
OA Green Published, Bronze
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Hossain, MG
   Bharati, P
   Aik, S
   Lestrel, PE
   Abeer, A
   Kamarul, T
AF Hossain, M. G.
   Bharati, P.
   Aik, Saw
   Lestrel, Pete E.
   Abeer, Almasri
   Kamarul, T.
TI BODY MASS INDEX OF MARRIED BANGLADESHI WOMEN: TRENDS AND ASSOCIATION
   WITH SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS
SO JOURNAL OF BIOSOCIAL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID FEMALE UNIVERSITY-STUDENTS; SECULAR TRENDS; AUSTRALIAN ADULTS; BIRTH
   COHORT; OBESITY; OVERWEIGHT; PREVALENCE; WEIGHT; UNDERWEIGHT; BMI
AB Body mass index (BMI) is a good indicator of nutritional status in a population. In underdeveloped countries like Bangladesh, this indicator provides a method that can assist intervention to help eradicate many preventable diseases. This study aimed to report on changes in the BMI of married Bangladeshi women who were born in the past three decades and its association with socio-demographic factors. Data for 10,115 married and currently non-pregnant Bangladeshi women were extracted from the 2007 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS). The age range of the sample was 15-49 years. The mean BMI was 20.85 +/- 3.66 kg/m(2), and a decreasing tendency in BMI was found among birth year cohorts from 1972 to 1992. It was found that the proportion of underweight females has been increasing in those born during the last 20 years of the study period (1972 to 1992). Body mass index increased with increasing age, education level of the woman and her husband, wealth index, age at first marriage and age at first delivery, and decreased with increasing number of ever-born children. Lower BMI was especially pronounced among women who were living in rural areas, non-Muslims, employed women, women not living with their husbands (separated) or those who had delivered at home or non-Caesarean delivery.
C1 [Hossain, M. G.; Aik, Saw; Kamarul, T.] Univ Malaya, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Natl Orthopaed Ctr Excellence Res & Learning NOCE, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
   [Bharati, P.] Indian Stat Inst, Biol Anthropol Unit, Kolkata, India.
   [Abeer, Almasri] King Saud Univ, Coll Med, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia.
RP Hossain, MG (reprint author), Univ Malaya, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Natl Orthopaed Ctr Excellence Res & Learning NOCE, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
RI Tunku Zainol Abidin, Tunku Kamarul Zaman/B-9633-2011
OI Tunku Zainol Abidin, Tunku Kamarul Zaman/0000-0002-6028-1313
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NR 40
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 11
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI NEW YORK
PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA
SN 0021-9320
EI 1469-7599
J9 J BIOSOC SCI
JI J. Biosoc. Sci.
PD JUL
PY 2012
VL 44
IS 4
BP 385
EP 399
DI 10.1017/S002193201200003X
PG 15
WC Demography; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social
   Sciences, Biomedical
SC Demography; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical
   Social Sciences
GA 949UJ
UT WOS:000304601200001
PM 22340969
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Thomas, N
   Grunnet, LG
   Poulsen, P
   Christopher, S
   Spurgeon, R
   Inbakumari, M
   Livingstone, R
   Alex, R
   Mohan, VR
   Antonisamy, B
   Geethanjali, FS
   Karol, R
   Vaag, A
   Bygbjerg, IC
AF Thomas, Nihal
   Grunnet, Louise G.
   Poulsen, Pernille
   Christopher, Solomon
   Spurgeon, Rachaproleu
   Inbakumari, Mercy
   Livingstone, Roshan
   Alex, Reginald
   Mohan, Venkataraghava R.
   Antonisamy, Belavendra
   Geethanjali, Finney S.
   Karol, Rajni
   Vaag, Allan
   Bygbjerg, Ib C.
TI Born with low birth weight in rural Southern India: what are the
   metabolic consequences 20 years later?
SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID BODY-MASS INDEX; NONDIABETIC ASIAN INDIANS; BETA-CELL FUNCTION; YOUNG
   MEN BORN; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE;
   FAT DISTRIBUTION; PLASMA-GLUCOSE; BLOOD-PRESSURE
AB Objective: Low birth weight (LBW) is common in the Indian population and may represent an important predisposing factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D) and the metabolic syndrome. Intensive metabolic examinations in ethnic LBW Asian Indians have been almost exclusively performed in immigrants living outside India. Therefore, we aimed to study the metabolic impact of being born with LBW in a rural non-migrant Indian population.
   Subjects and methods: One hundred and seventeen non-migrant, young healthy men were recruited from a birth cohort in a rural part of south India. The subjects comprised 61 LBW and 56 normal birth weight (NBW) men, with NBW men acting as controls. Subjects underwent a hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamp, i.v. and oral glucose tolerance tests and a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan. The parents' anthropometric status and metabolic parameters were assessed.
   Results: Men with LBW were shorter (167 +/- 6.4 vs 172 +/- 6.0 cm, P<0.0001), lighter (51.9 +/- 9 vs 55.4 +/- 7 kg, P=0.02) and had a reduced lean body mass (42.1 +/- 5.4 vs 45.0 +/- 4.5 kg, P=0.002) compared with NBW controls. After adjustment for height and weight, the LBW subjects had increased diastolic blood pressure (77 +/- 6 vs 75 +/- 6 mmHg, P=0.01). Five LBW subjects had impaired glucose tolerance. In vivo insulin secretion and peripheral insulin action were similar in both the groups. Mothers of the LBW subjects were 3 cm shorter than the control mothers.
   Conclusion: Only subtle features of the metabolic syndrome and changes in body composition among LBW rural Indians were found. Whether other factors such as urbanisation and ageing may unmask more severe metabolic abnormalities may require a long-term follow-up.
C1 [Grunnet, Louise G.; Vaag, Allan] Rigshosp, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
   [Thomas, Nihal; Spurgeon, Rachaproleu; Inbakumari, Mercy] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Endocrinol Diabet & Metab, Vellore, Cmc, India.
   [Thomas, Nihal; Bygbjerg, Ib C.] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Int Hlth Immunol & Microbiol, Copenhagen, Denmark.
   [Poulsen, Pernille] Novo Nordisk AS, Med & Sci GLP Dev 1, As, Denmark.
   [Christopher, Solomon; Antonisamy, Belavendra] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Biostat, Vellore, Cmc, India.
   [Livingstone, Roshan] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Radiodiag, Vellore, Cmc, India.
   [Alex, Reginald; Mohan, Venkataraghava R.] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Community Hlth, Vellore, Cmc, India.
   [Geethanjali, Finney S.] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Biochem, Vellore, Cmc, India.
   [Karol, Rajni] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dietary Dept, Vellore, Cmc, India.
RP Grunnet, LG (reprint author), Rigshosp, Tagensvej 20, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
EM louise.groth.grunnet@rh.regionh.dk
OI Groth Grunnet, Louise/0000-0003-2298-2597; Mohan, Venkata
   Raghava/0000-0001-5787-7223; Bygbjerg, Ib/0000-0001-9100-2754
FU Danish Strategic Research Council; Biocampus, University of Copenhagen
FX This work was supported by The Danish Strategic Research Council and
   Biocampus, University of Copenhagen. The funders had no role in study
   design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish or preparation
   of the manuscript.
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NR 41
TC 13
Z9 14
U1 0
U2 4
PU BIOSCIENTIFICA LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA EURO HOUSE, 22 APEX COURT WOODLANDS, BRADLEY STOKE, BRISTOL BS32 4JT,
   ENGLAND
SN 0804-4643
J9 EUR J ENDOCRINOL
JI Eur. J. Endocrinol.
PD APR
PY 2012
VL 166
IS 4
BP 647
EP 655
DI 10.1530/EJE-11-0870
PG 9
WC Endocrinology & Metabolism
SC Endocrinology & Metabolism
GA 919QO
UT WOS:000302343500011
PM 22250073
OA Bronze
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Veena, SR
   Krishnaveni, GV
   Wills, AK
   Hill, JC
   Karat, SC
   Fall, CHD
AF Veena, S. R.
   Krishnaveni, G. V.
   Wills, A. K.
   Hill, J. C.
   Karat, S. C.
   Fall, C. H. D.
TI Glucose tolerance and insulin resistance in Indian children:
   relationship to infant feeding pattern
SO DIABETOLOGIA
LA English
DT Article
DE Breast-feeding; Children; Complementary foods; Glucose tolerance; India;
   Insulin resistance
ID CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS; COUNTRIES; LIFE
AB Our objective was to examine whether longer duration of breast-feeding and later introduction of complementary foods are associated with lower glucose concentrations and insulin resistance (IR-HOMA) in Indian children.
   Breast-feeding duration (six categories from < 3 to a parts per thousand yen18 months) and age at introduction of complementary foods (four categories from < 4 to a parts per thousand yen6 months) were recorded at 1, 2 and 3 year follow-up of 568 children from a birth cohort in Mysore, India. At 5 and 9.5 years of age, 518 children were assessed for glucose tolerance and IR-HOMA.
   All the children were initially breast-fed; 90% were breast-fed for a parts per thousand yen6 months and 56.7% started complementary foods at or before the age of 4 months. Each category increase in breast-feeding duration was associated with lower fasting insulin concentration (beta = -0.05 pmol/l [95% CI -0.10, -0.004]; p = 0.03) and IR-HOMA (beta = -0.05 [95% CI -0.10, -0.001]; p = 0.046) at 5 years, adjusted for the child's sex, age, current BMI, socioeconomic status, parent's education, rural/urban residence, birthweight and maternal gestational diabetes status. Longer duration of breastfeeding was associated with higher 120-min glucose concentration at 5 years (beta = 0.08 mmol/l [95% CI 0.001, 0.15; p = 0.03]) but lower 120-min glucose concentration at 9.5 years (beta = -0.09 [95% CI -0.16, -0.03]; p = 0.006). Age at starting complementary foods was unrelated to the children's glucose tolerance and IR-HOMA.
   Within this cohort, in which prolonged breast-feeding was the norm, there was evidence of a protective effect of longer duration of breast-feeding against glucose intolerance at 9.5 years. At 5 years longer duration of breast-feeding was associated with lower IR-HOMA.
C1 [Veena, S. R.; Krishnaveni, G. V.; Karat, S. C.] Holdsworth Mem Hosp, Epidemiol Res Unit, Mysore 570021, Karnataka, India.
   [Wills, A. K.; Hill, J. C.; Fall, C. H. D.] Southampton Gen Hosp, MRC Lifecourse Epidemiol Unit, Southampton SO9 4XY, Hants, England.
RP Veena, SR (reprint author), Holdsworth Mem Hosp, Epidemiol Res Unit, POB 38, Mysore 570021, Karnataka, India.
EM veenasr@gmail.com
OI Krishnaveni, Ghattu V/0000-0002-6532-8272
FU Parthenon Trust, Switzerland; Wellcome Trust, UK; Medical Research
   Council, UK; Medical Research Council [MC_UP_A620_1016]
FX We are grateful to the families who participated in the study. We
   acknowledge the contribution made to the study by the research team
   (Epidemiology Research Unit, HMH, Mysore), and SNEHA-India for its
   support. The study was funded by the Parthenon Trust, Switzerland, the
   Wellcome Trust, UK, and the Medical Research Council, UK.
CR Corvalan C, 2009, P NUTR SOC, V68, P327, DOI 10.1017/S002966510900130X
   Fall CHD, 2011, INT J EPIDEMIOL, V40, P47, DOI 10.1093/ije/dyq155
   Horta B. L., 2007, EVIDENCE LONG TERM E
   Jones R. Huw, 2007, Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, V113, P25, DOI 10.1080/13813450701318484
   Krishnaveni GV, 2005, DIABETES CARE, V28, P2919, DOI 10.2337/diacare.28.12.2919
   Lombardo YB, 2006, J NUTR BIOCHEM, V17, P1, DOI 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2005.08.002
   MATTHEWS DR, 1985, DIABETOLOGIA, V28, P412, DOI 10.1007/BF00280883
   Owen CG, 2006, AM J CLIN NUTR, V84, P1043
   Pearce MS, 2006, DIABETES-METAB RES, V22, P118, DOI 10.1002/dmrr.573
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   WHO UNICEF, 2003, GLOB STRAT INF YOUNG
NR 11
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 5
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0012-186X
EI 1432-0428
J9 DIABETOLOGIA
JI Diabetologia
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 54
IS 10
BP 2533
EP 2537
DI 10.1007/s00125-011-2254-x
PG 5
WC Endocrinology & Metabolism
SC Endocrinology & Metabolism
GA 817OF
UT WOS:000294683000008
PM 21773682
OA Green Accepted, Bronze
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Tikmani, SS
   Warraich, HJ
   Abbasi, F
   Rizvi, A
   Darmstadt, GL
   Zaidi, AKM
AF Tikmani, Shiyam Sundar
   Warraich, Haider Javed
   Abbasi, Farrukh
   Rizvi, Arjumand
   Darmstadt, Gary L.
   Zaidi, Anita K. M.
TI Incidence of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia: a population-based prospective
   study in Pakistan
SO TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH
LA English
DT Article
DE jaundice; neonatal jaundice; developing countries; kernicterus;
   community health workers
ID TERM NEWBORN; MANAGEMENT; INFANTS; ILLNESS; ICTERUS
AB P>Objective
   To estimate the incidence of neonatal jaundice and hyperbilirubinemia in a poor urban community in Karachi, where 70% of births occur at home.
   Methods
   Home-based pregnancy and newborn surveillance were conducted from September 2004 to July 2006 in a multi-ethnic population by trained community health workers. Newborns were visited several times at scheduled intervals until 59 days of life; any baby with jaundice was referred to the local clinic. Clinical assessments of jaundice were assigned by a physician and recorded using an adapted Kramer scale. Blood for plasma bilirubin was obtained if parents consented.
   Results
   Of a birth cohort of 1690 young infants during the study period, 466 infants (27.6%) were referred to our centre with jaundice. Of these, 64% were 0-6 days old. Bilirubin was measured in 125 of 466 (27%) jaundiced newborns. Overall detected rate of hyperbilirubinemia (bilirubin > 5 mg/dl) among 1690 newborns was 39.7/1000 live births (95% CI 29.3-47.6). Rate of plasma bilirubin levels in the range of 15-20 mg/dl was 13/1000 live births (95% CI 7.6-18.4); levels > 20 mg/dl were observed in 3.5/1000 live births (95% CI 0.4-5.5). The proportion of newborns with bilirubin >= 15 mg/dl was significantly higher among those assigned a Kramer score of 4-5 compared to those receiving a score of 1-3 (P-value 0.00004).
   Conclusion
   A significant burden of untreated severe neonatal jaundice, causing potential neurological sequelae, exists in developing countries such as Pakistan. WHO guidelines are needed for screening and appropriate management of neonatal jaundice in developing countries.
C1 [Tikmani, Shiyam Sundar; Warraich, Haider Javed; Abbasi, Farrukh; Rizvi, Arjumand; Zaidi, Anita K. M.] Aga Khan Univ Hosp, Dept Pediat & Child Hlth, Karachi, Pakistan.
   [Darmstadt, Gary L.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA.
RP Zaidi, AKM (reprint author), Aga Khan Univ, Dept Pediat & Child Hlth, POB 3500, Karachi, Pakistan.
EM anita.zaidi@aku.edu
FU Saving Newborn Lives; Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
FX This study was partially supported through funds from Saving Newborn
   Lives, an initiative of the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, at Save
   the Children, USA.
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NR 22
TC 13
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 4
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 1360-2276
J9 TROP MED INT HEALTH
JI Trop. Med. Int. Health
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 15
IS 5
BP 502
EP 507
DI 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2010.02496.x
PG 6
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine
GA 581BN
UT WOS:000276496100002
PM 20412075
OA Bronze
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Gladstone, BP
   Iturriza-Gomara, M
   Ramani, S
   Monica, B
   Banerjee, I
   Brown, DW
   Gray, JJ
   Muliyil, J
   Kang, G
AF Gladstone, B. P.
   Iturriza-Gomara, M.
   Ramani, S.
   Monica, B.
   Banerjee, I.
   Brown, D. W.
   Gray, J. J.
   Muliyil, J.
   Kang, G.
TI Polymerase chain reaction in the detection of an 'outbreak' of
   asymptomatic viral infections in a community birth cohort in south India
SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION
LA English
DT Article
ID GROUP-A ROTAVIRUS; DAY-CARE-CENTERS; RISK-FACTORS; CHILDHOOD DIARRHEA;
   ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GASTROENTERITIS; CHILDREN; PREVALENCE; PATHOGENS;
   INFANTS
AB Asymptomatic enteric infections are important where sequelae or protection from subsequent illness is an outcome measure. The use of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to identify asymptomatic enteric infections in a birth cohort followed for rotaviral infections in a south Indian urban slum is reported. Of 1191 non-diarrhoeal samples from 371 children collected in May-June 2003, 22 (1.9%) were positive by ELISA. A total of 147 (40.6%) of 362 samples tested by VP6 RT-PCR were positive. In those samples that could be typed, a high diversity of G types including G1, G2, G4, G8, G9 and G10, and a high proportion (34.4%) of mixed infections were detected. Noroviruses were identified in 6/28 (21.4%) samples tested. The identification of infections undetectable by conventional techniques indicates the importance of the use of sensitive diagnostic techniques in research studies. Asymptomatically infected children may also act as a source of infection for other susceptible hosts.
C1 [Gladstone, B. P.; Ramani, S.; Monica, B.; Banerjee, I.; Kang, G.] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Gastrointestinal Sci, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [Gladstone, B. P.; Muliyil, J.] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Community Hlth, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [Iturriza-Gomara, M.; Brown, D. W.; Gray, J. J.] Hlth Protect Agcy, Virus Reference Dept, Enter Virus Unit, London, England.
RP Kang, G (reprint author), Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Gastrointestinal Sci, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India.
EM gkang@cmcvellore.ac.in
RI Iturriza Gomara, Miren/B-4351-2013
OI Iturriza Gomara, Miren/0000-0001-5816-6423; Kang,
   Gagandeep/0000-0002-3656-564X; Mukhopadhya, Indrani/0000-0003-2577-518X
FU Wellcome Trust Trilateral Cooperative Initiative on Infectious Diseases
   [063144]
FX This work was supported by Wellcome Trust Trilateral Cooperative
   Initiative on Infectious Diseases grant 063144. We thank Dr G. Sridharan
   and Dr Mary V. Jesudason for providing hospital data on potentially
   waterborne viral and bacterial infections.
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NR 32
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 0
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI NEW YORK
PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA
SN 0950-2688
EI 1469-4409
J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT
JI Epidemiol. Infect.
PD MAR
PY 2008
VL 136
IS 3
BP 399
EP 405
DI 10.1017/S0950268807008709
PG 7
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases
GA 348GF
UT WOS:000259198300013
PM 17521476
OA Green Accepted
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Nizami, SQ
   Bhutta, ZA
   Weaver, T
   Preston, T
AF Nizami, SQ
   Bhutta, ZA
   Weaver, T
   Preston, T
TI Helicobacter pylori colonization in infants in a Periurban Community in
   Karachi, Pakistan
SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC GASTROENTEROLOGY AND NUTRITION
LA English
DT Article
DE Helicobacter pylori; C-13-UBT; infants
ID C-13-UREA BREATH TEST; GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT; DEVELOPING-COUNTRY;
   YOUNG-CHILDREN; GASTRIC-CANCER; INFECTION; POPULATION; DIAGNOSIS;
   ASSOCIATION; PREVALENCE
AB Background: The prevalence and incidence of Helicobacter pylori in children in Pakistan is not known.
   Objectives: To measure the prevalence and age of acquisition of Helicobacter pylori infection/colonization in infants in a peri-urban community in Karachi, Pakistan.
   Setting: Field based epidemiologic study in a peri-urban community in Karachi, Pakistan.
   Methods: Infants aged 1 to 3 months were recruited from a birth cohort from the community. C-13-urea breath test (C-13-UBT) was performed on recruitment, and the test was repeated at 2, 3, 6, and 9 months of age.
   Results: One hundred forty-eight infants were recruited and had C-13-UBT on 319 occasions over a period of 2 years. Two hundred thirty-one = (72%) tests were positive: 80% (49/61) infants at 1 month of age, 79% (33/42) at 2 month of age, 76% (92/121) at 3 month of age, 58% (37/64) at 6 months of age, and 67% (20/30) at 9 months of age.
   Conclusions: The study reveals an early colonization/infection of infants and a high prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in a peri-urban community in Karachi, Pakistan.
C1 Aga Khan Univ, Dept Pediat, Karachi, Pakistan.
   Scottish Univ, Environm Res Ctr, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland.
   Univ Glasgow, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland.
RP Nizami, SQ (reprint author), Aga Khan Univ, Dept Pediat, Stadium Rd, Karachi, Pakistan.
EM qamaruddin.nizami@aku.edu
RI Preston, Thomas/D-5259-2012
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NR 25
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 0
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA
SN 0277-2116
J9 J PEDIATR GASTR NUTR
JI J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr.
PD AUG
PY 2005
VL 41
IS 2
BP 191
EP 194
DI 10.1097/01.mpg.0000172263.12920.6b
PG 4
WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics
SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics
GA 950VA
UT WOS:000230885000007
PM 16056098
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Rogawski, ET
   Platts-Mills, JA
   Seidman, JC
   John, S
   Mahfuz, M
   Ulak, M
   Shrestha, SK
   Soofi, SB
   Yori, PP
   Mduma, E
   Svensen, E
   Ahmed, T
   Lima, AAM
   Bhutta, ZA
   Kosek, MN
   Lang, DR
   Gottlieb, M
   Zaidi, AKM
   Kang, G
   Bessong, PO
   Houpt, ER
   Guerrant, RL
AF Rogawski, Elizabeth T.
   Platts-Mills, James A.
   Seidman, Jessica C.
   John, Sushil
   Mahfuz, Mustafa
   Ulak, Manjeswori
   Shrestha, Sanjaya K.
   Soofi, Sajid Bashir
   Yori, Pablo Penataro
   Mduma, Estomih
   Svensen, Erling
   Ahmed, Tahmeed
   Lima, Aldo A. M.
   Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.
   Kosek, Margaret N.
   Lang, Dennis R.
   Gottlieb, Michael
   Zaidi, Anita K. M.
   Kang, Gagandeep
   Bessong, Pascal O.
   Houpt, Eric R.
   Guerrant, Richard L.
TI Use of antibiotics in children younger than two years in eight
   countries: a prospective cohort study
SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION
LA English
DT Article
ID DIARRHEA; PEDIATRICS; COMMUNITY; STEWARDSHIP; RESISTANCE; MICROBIOTA;
   DISEASE; QUALITY
AB Objective To describe the frequency and factors associated with antibiotic use in early childhood, and estimate the proportion of diarrhoea and respiratory illnesses episodes treated with antibiotics.
   Methods Between 2009 and 2014, we followed 2134 children from eight sites in Bangladesh, Brazil, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Peru, South Africa and the United Republic of Tanzania, enrolled in the MAL-ED birth cohort study. We documented all antibiotic use from mothers' reports at twice-weekly visits over the children's first two years of life. We estimated the incidence of antibiotic use and the associations of antibiotic use with child and household characteristics. We described treatment patterns for diarrhoea and respiratory illnesses, and identified factors associated with treatment and antibiotic class.
   Findings Over 1 346 388 total days of observation, 16 913 courses of antibiotics were recorded (an incidence of 4.9 courses per child per year), with the highest use in South Asia. Antibiotic treatment was given for 375/499 (75.2%) episodes of bloody diarrhoea and for 4274/9661 (44.2%) episodes of diarrhoea without bloody stools. Antibiotics were used in 2384/3943 (60.5%) episodes of fieldworker-confirmed acute lower respiratory tract illness as well as in 6608/16742 (39.5%) episodes of upper respiratory illness. Penicillins were used most frequently for respiratory illness, while antibiotic classes for diarrhoea treatment varied within and between sites.
   Conclusion Repeated antibiotic exposure was common early in life, and treatment of non-bloody diarrhoea and non-specific respiratory illnesses was not consistent with international recommendations. Rational antibiotic use programmes may have the most impact in South Asia, where antibiotic use was highest.
C1 [Rogawski, Elizabeth T.; Platts-Mills, James A.; Houpt, Eric R.; Guerrant, Richard L.] Univ Virginia, Div Infect Dis & Int Hlth, POB 801379,Carter Harrison Res Bldg MR-6, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA.
   [Seidman, Jessica C.] NIH, Fogarty Int Ctr, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
   [John, Sushil; Kang, Gagandeep] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [Mahfuz, Mustafa; Ahmed, Tahmeed] Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
   [Ulak, Manjeswori] Tribhuvan Univ, Inst Med, Kathmandu, Nepal.
   [Shrestha, Sanjaya K.] Walter Reed AFRIMS Res Unit, Kathmandu, Nepal.
   [Soofi, Sajid Bashir; Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.; Zaidi, Anita K. M.] Aga Khan Univ, Karachi, Pakistan.
   [Yori, Pablo Penataro; Kosek, Margaret N.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA.
   [Mduma, Estomih] Haydom Lutheran Hosp, Haydom, Tanzania.
   [Svensen, Erling] Univ Fed Ceara, Clin Res Unit, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil.
   [Lima, Aldo A. M.] Univ Fed Ceara, Inst Biomed, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil.
   [Lang, Dennis R.; Gottlieb, Michael] Fdn Natl Inst Hlth, Bethesda, MD USA.
   [Bessong, Pascal O.] Univ Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa.
RP Rogawski, ET (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Div Infect Dis & Int Hlth, POB 801379,Carter Harrison Res Bldg MR-6, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA.
EM etr5m@virginia.edu
RI Mahfuz, Mustafa/H-5923-2017; Lima, Aldo/D-8251-2018
OI Mahfuz, Mustafa/0000-0002-4090-785X; Lima, Aldo/0000-0002-0299-1747;
   Bessong, Pascal/0000-0003-0561-272X
FU Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health
   [D43-TW009359]
FX The Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health
   (D43-TW009359 to ETR) supported this work.
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NR 46
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 3
U2 10
PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION
PI GENEVA 27
PA MARKETING AND DISSEMINATION, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND
SN 0042-9686
EI 1564-0604
J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN
JI Bull. World Health Organ.
PD JAN
PY 2017
VL 95
IS 1
BP 49
EP 61
DI 10.2471/BLT.16.176123
PG 13
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA EH8RR
UT WOS:000392040500014
PM 28053364
OA Bronze, Green Published
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Krishnaveni, GV
   Veena, SR
   Jones, A
   Srinivasan, K
   Osmond, C
   Karat, SC
   Kurpad, AV
   Fall, CHD
AF Krishnaveni, Ghattu V.
   Veena, Sargoor R.
   Jones, Alexander
   Srinivasan, Krishnamachari
   Osmond, Clive
   Karat, Samuel C.
   Kurpad, Anura V.
   Fall, Caroline H. D.
TI Exposure to Maternal Gestational Diabetes Is Associated With Higher
   Cardiovascular Responses to Stress in Adolescent Indians
SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
LA English
DT Article
ID INSULIN-RESISTANCE; INTRAUTERINE ENVIRONMENT; MENTAL STRESS;
   BIRTH-WEIGHT; ADULT LIFE; CHILDREN; PREGNANCY; MOTHERS; RISK;
   HYPERTENSION
AB Context: Altered endocrinal and autonomic nervous system responses to stress may link impaired intra-uterine growth with later cardiovascular disease.
   Objective: To test the hypothesis that offspring of gestational diabetic mothers (OGDM) have high cortisol and cardiosympathetic responses during the Trier Social Stress Test for Children (TSST-C).
   Design: Adolescents from a birth cohort in India (n = 213; mean age, 13.5 y), including 26 OGDM, 22 offspring of diabetic fathers (ODF), and 165 offspring of nondiabetic parents (controls) completed 5 minutes each of public speaking and mental arithmetic tasks in front of two unfamiliar "evaluators" (TSST-C). Salivary cortisol concentrations were measured at baseline and at regular intervals after the TSST-C. Heart rate, blood pressure (BP), stroke volume, cardiac output, and total peripheral resistance were measured continuously at baseline, during the TSST-C, and for 10 minutes after the test using a finger cuff; the beat-to-beat values were averaged for these periods.
   Results: Cortisol and cardiosympathetic parameters increased from baseline during stress (P < .001). OGDM had greater systolic BP (mean difference, 5.6 mm Hg), cardiac output (0.5 L/min), and stroke volume (4.0 mL) increases and a lower total peripheral resistance rise (125 dyn.s/cm(5)) than controls during stress. ODF had greater systolic BP responses than controls (difference, 4.1 mm Hg); there was no difference in other cardiosympathetic parameters. Cortisol responses were similar in all three groups.
   Conclusions: Maternal diabetes during pregnancy is associated with higher cardiosympathetic stress responses in the offspring, which may contribute to their higher cardiovascular disease risk. Further research may confirm stress-response programming as a predictor of cardiovascular risk in OGDM.
C1 [Krishnaveni, Ghattu V.; Veena, Sargoor R.; Karat, Samuel C.] Holdsworth Mem Hosp, Epidemiol Res Unit, Mysore 570021, Karnataka, India.
   [Jones, Alexander] UCL, Inst Cardiovasc Sci, Ctr Cardiovasc Imaging, London W1T 7HA, England.
   [Krishnaveni, Ghattu V.; Srinivasan, Krishnamachari; Kurpad, Anura V.] St Johns Natl Acad Hlth Sci, St Johns Res Inst, Bangalore 560034, Karnataka, India.
   [Osmond, Clive; Fall, Caroline H. D.] Univ Southampton, MRC, Lifecourse Epidemiol Unit, Southampton SO16 6YD, Hants, England.
RP Krishnaveni, GV (reprint author), Holdsworth Mem Hosp, Epidemiol Res Unit, Post Box 38, Mysore 570021, Karnataka, India.
EM gv.krishnaveni@gmail.com
OI Osmond, Clive/0000-0002-9054-4655; Krishnaveni, Ghattu
   V/0000-0002-6532-8272
FU Parthenon Trust, Switzerland; Wellcome Trust; Medical Research Council,
   United Kingdom; Fogarty International Center; Eunice Kennedy Shriver
   National Institute of Child Health&Human Development at the National
   Institutes of Health [1 D43 HD065249]; Medical Research Council
   [MC_UU_12011/3, MC_UP_A620_1016]
FX This work was supported by Parthenon Trust, Switzerland, and by the
   Wellcome Trust and the Medical Research Council, United Kingdom.; G.V.K.
   acknowledges the mentoring in noncommunicable disease epidemiology
   supported by the Fogarty International Center and the Eunice Kennedy
   Shriver National Institute of Child Health&Human Development at the
   National Institutes of Health (Grant 1 D43 HD065249).
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NR 35
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 1
U2 7
PU ENDOCRINE SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2055 L ST NW, SUITE 600, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0021-972X
EI 1945-7197
J9 J CLIN ENDOCR METAB
JI J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.
PD MAR
PY 2015
VL 100
IS 3
BP 986
EP 993
DI 10.1210/jc.2014-3239
PG 8
WC Endocrinology & Metabolism
SC Endocrinology & Metabolism
GA CG5TR
UT WOS:000353358900047
PM 25478935
OA Green Published, Other Gold
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Veena, SR
   Krishnaveni, GV
   Karat, SC
   Osmond, C
   Fall, CHD
AF Veena, Sargoor R.
   Krishnaveni, Ghattu V.
   Karat, Samuel C.
   Osmond, Clive
   Fall, Caroline H. D.
TI Testing the fetal overnutrition hypothesis; the relationship of maternal
   and paternal adiposity to adiposity, insulin resistance and
   cardiovascular risk factors in Indian children
SO PUBLIC HEALTH NUTRITION
LA English
DT Article
DE Adiposity; Cardiovascular risk factors; Children; India; Insulin
   resistance; Intergeneration; Maternal and paternal effects
ID BODY-MASS INDEX; GESTATIONAL DIABETES-MELLITUS; BLOOD-PRESSURE;
   BIRTH-WEIGHT; PREGNANCY; OBESITY; CHILDHOOD; ASSOCIATIONS; UNIVERSITY;
   OUTCOMES
AB Objective: We aimed to test the fetal overnutrition hypothesis by comparing the associations of maternal and paternal adiposity (sum of skinfolds) with adiposity and cardiovascular risk factors in children.
   Design: Children from a prospective birth cohort had anthropometry, fat percentage (bio-impedance), plasma glucose, insulin and lipid concentrations and blood pressure measured at 9.5 years of age. Detailed anthropometric measurements were recorded for mothers (at 30 +/- 2 weeks' gestation) and fathers (5 years following the index pregnancy).
   Setting: Holdsworth Memorial Hospital, Mysore, India.
   Subjects: Children (n 504), born to mothers with normal glucose tolerance during pregnancy.
   Results: Twenty-eight per cent of mothers and 38% of fathers were overweight/obese (BMI >= 25.0 kg/m(2)), but only 4% of the children were overweight/obese (WHO age- and sex-specific BMI >= 18.2 kg/m(2)). The children's adiposity (BMI, sum of skinfolds, fat percentage and waist circumference), fasting insulin concentration and insulin resistance increased with increasing maternal and paternal sum of skinfolds adjusted for the child's sex, age and socio-economic status. Maternal and paternal effects were similar. The associations with fasting insulin and insulin resistance were attenuated after adjusting for the child's current adiposity.
   Conclusions: In this population, both maternal and paternal adiposity equally predict adiposity and insulin resistance in the children. This suggests that shared family environment and lifestyle, or genetic/epigenetic factors, influence child adiposity. Our findings do not support the hypothesis that there is an intrauterine overnutrition effect of maternal adiposity in non-diabetic pregnancies, although we cannot rule out such an effect in cases of extreme maternal obesity, which is rare in our population.
C1 [Veena, Sargoor R.; Krishnaveni, Ghattu V.; Karat, Samuel C.] Holdsworth Mem Hosp, Epidemiol Res Unit, Mysore 570021, Karnataka, India.
   [Osmond, Clive; Fall, Caroline H. D.] Southampton Gen Hosp, MRC, Lifecourse Epidemiol Unit, Southampton SO9 4XY, Hants, England.
RP Veena, SR (reprint author), Holdsworth Mem Hosp, Epidemiol Res Unit, POB 38, Mysore 570021, Karnataka, India.
EM veenasr@gmail.com
OI Osmond, Clive/0000-0002-9054-4655; Krishnaveni, Ghattu
   V/0000-0002-6532-8272
FU Parthenon Trust, Switzerland; Wellcome Trust, UK [079877/Z/06/Z];
   Medical Research Council, UK [G0400519]; Medical Research Council
   [MC_UU_12011/3, U1475000003, G0400519, MC_UP_A620_1016]
FX This work was funded by Parthenon Trust, Switzerland (no grant number),
   The Wellcome Trust, UK (grant number 079877/Z/06/Z) and The Medical
   Research Council, UK (grant number: G0400519). The authors declare that
   there is no duality of interest associated with this manuscript. The
   authors' contributions are as follows: S. R. V., conception and design,
   analysis and interpretation of data, drafting the article and approval
   of final version; G. V. K., conception and design, revising the
   manuscript critically for intellectual content and approval of final
   version; S. C. K., conception and design, revising the manuscript
   critically for intellectual content and approval of final version; C.O.,
   analysis and interpretation of data and approval of final version; C. H.
   D. F., conception and design, interpretation of data, revising the
   manuscript critically for intellectual content and approval of final
   version. The authors are grateful to the families for their
   participation, and thank all staff of HMH obstetric department, the
   research team members for their contributions and Sneha-India for its
   support.
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NR 34
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 23
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND
SN 1368-9800
EI 1475-2727
J9 PUBLIC HEALTH NUTR
JI Public Health Nutr.
PD SEP
PY 2013
VL 16
IS 9
BP 1656
EP 1666
DI 10.1017/S1368980012003795
PG 11
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics
GA 189FK
UT WOS:000322252500017
PM 22895107
OA Bronze, Green Accepted
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Ramakrishnan, L
   Sachdev, HS
   Sharma, M
   Abraham, R
   Prakash, S
   Gupta, D
   Singh, Y
   Bhaskar, S
   Sinha, S
   Chandak, GR
   Reddy, KS
   Santosh, B
AF Ramakrishnan, Lakshmy
   Sachdev, Harshpal S.
   Sharma, Meenakshi
   Abraham, Ransi
   Prakash, Swami
   Gupta, Dileep
   Singh, Yogendra
   Bhaskar, Seema
   Sinha, Shikha
   Chandak, Giriraj R.
   Reddy, Kolli S.
   Santosh, Bhargava
TI Relationship of APOA5, PPAR gamma and HL gene variants with serial
   changes in childhood body mass index and coronary artery disease risk
   factors in young adulthood
SO LIPIDS IN HEALTH AND DISEASE
LA English
DT Article
ID PLASMA TRIGLYCERIDE LEVELS; HEPATIC LIPASE ACTIVITY; IMPAIRED
   GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; APOLIPOPROTEIN-A-V; BIRTH-WEIGHT; PRO12ALA
   POLYMORPHISM; LIPID-LEVELS; PROMOTER; CHOLESTEROL; LDL
AB Background: Triglycerides is an independent risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD) and is especially important in Indians because of high prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia in this population. Both genetic and environmental factors determine triglyceride levels. In a birth cohort from India, hypertriglyceridemia was found in 41% of men and 11% of women. Subjects who had high triglycerides had more rapid body mass index (BMI) or weight gain than rest of the cohort throughout infancy, childhood and adolescence. We analysed polymorphisms in APOA5, hepatic lipase and PPAR gamma genes and investigated their association with birth weight and serial changes in BMI.
   Results: Polymorphisms in APOA5 (-1131T > C, S19W), PPAR gamma (Pro12Ala) and hepatic lipase (-514C > T) were studied by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by restriction digestion in 1492 subjects from the New Delhi Birth Cohort (NDBC). We assessed whether these polymorphisms influence lipid and other variables and serial changes in BMI, both individually and together.
   The risk allele of APOA5 (-1131C) resulted in 23.6 mg/dl higher triglycerides as compared to normal allele (P < 0.001). Risk allele of HL (-514T) was associated with significantly higher HDL2 levels (P = 0.002). Except for the marginal association of PPAR gamma Pro12Ala variation with a lower conditional weight at 6 months, (P = 0.020) and APOA5 S19W with a higher conditional BMI at 11 yrs of age (P = 0.030), none of the other associations between the gene polymorphisms and serial changes in body mass index from birth to young adulthood were significant.
   Conclusion: The promoter polymorphism in APOA5 was associated with raised serum triglycerides and that of HL with raised HDL2 levels. None of the polymorphisms had any significant relationship with birth weight or serial changes in anthropometry from birth to adulthood in this cohort.
C1 [Ramakrishnan, Lakshmy; Abraham, Ransi; Singh, Yogendra] All India Inst Med Sci, Dept Cardiac Biochem, New Delhi 110029, India.
   [Sachdev, Harshpal S.; Gupta, Dileep; Sinha, Shikha] Sitaram Bhartia Inst Sci & Res, Dept Pediat & Clin Epidemiol, New Delhi, India.
   [Sharma, Meenakshi] Indian Council Med Res, Non Commun Dis Div, New Delhi, India.
   [Prakash, Swami; Bhaskar, Seema; Chandak, Giriraj R.] Ctr Cellular & Mol Biol, Genome Res Grp, Hyderabad 500007, Andhra Pradesh, India.
   [Reddy, Kolli S.] Publ Hlth Fdn India, New Delhi, India.
   [Santosh, Bhargava] Sunder Lal Jain Hosp, Dept Pediat, New Delhi, India.
RP Ramakrishnan, L (reprint author), All India Inst Med Sci, Dept Cardiac Biochem, New Delhi 110029, India.
EM lakshmy_ram@yahoo.com
FU Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), India; National Center for
   Health Statistics; Indian Council of Medical Research
FX This work was supported by the Indian Council of Medical Research
   (ICMR), India. The original cohort studies were supported by the
   National Center for Health Statistics and the Indian Council of Medical
   Research
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NR 26
TC 12
Z9 17
U1 0
U2 3
PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD
PI LONDON
PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND
SN 1476-511X
J9 LIPIDS HEALTH DIS
JI Lipids Health Dis.
PD MAY 8
PY 2011
VL 10
AR 68
DI 10.1186/1476-511X-10-68
PG 8
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics
GA 782DX
UT WOS:000291989200001
PM 21548985
OA DOAJ Gold, Green Published
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Bhuiyan, TR
   Saha, A
   Lundgren, A
   Qadri, F
   Svennerholm, AM
AF Bhuiyan, Taufiqur Rahman
   Saha, Amit
   Lundgren, Anna
   Qadri, Firdausi
   Svennerholm, Ann-Mari
TI Immune Responses to Helicobacter pylori Infection in Bangladeshi
   Children during Their First Two Years of Life and the Association
   between Maternal Antibodies and Onset of Infection
SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
ID ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA-COLI; TERM REINFECTION RATE; STOOL ANTIGEN
   TEST; T-CELL RESPONSES; DEVELOPING-COUNTRY; BREATH TEST; ERADICATION
   THERAPY; DUODENAL-ULCER; B-CELL; INFANTS
AB Background. A birth cohort of 238 children in Bangladesh was monitored during the initial 2 years of life to analyze immune responses against Helicobacter pylori in relation to infection and spontaneous eradication and to evaluate a possible association between maternal antibodies and protection against early onset of infection.
   Methods. H. pylori infection was determined by a stool antigen test and serologic testing. Immune responses were analyzed in depth in 50 children.
   Results and conclusions. Of the stool antigen-positive children, 90% developed >= 4-fold increased antibody levels against H. pylori in serum immunoglobulin (Ig) A, 73% developed increases in serum IgG levels, and 81% developed increases in stool IgA/total IgA levels after, as compared with before, the onset of infection. Good agreement between different immune responses was observed after 6 months of age. Before that time, transplacentally derived IgG and breast milk IgA antibodies interfered with the children's serum IgG and stool IgA responses. Children infected during the first year of life had significantly lower preinfection serum IgG titers than those infected during the second year of life. Infants infected during the first month of life were fed breast milk that contained levels of H. pylori IgA antibodies that were significantly lower than the levels in breast milk fed to infants infected at 6 months of age. Children who experienced spontaneous eradication of infection developed significantly higher serum IgA antibody levels after infection than did children with continuous infection.
C1 [Svennerholm, Ann-Mari] Univ Gothenburg, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Sahlgrenska Acad, Inst Biomed, S-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden.
   [Bhuiyan, Taufiqur Rahman; Saha, Amit; Qadri, Firdausi] Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
RP Svennerholm, AM (reprint author), Univ Gothenburg, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Sahlgrenska Acad, Inst Biomed, Box 435, S-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden.
EM ann-mari.svennerholm@microbio.gu.se
FU Swedish Agency for Research and Economic Cooperation (SIDA-Sarec)
   [INT-ICDDR, B-HN-01-AV]; Marianne and Markus Wallenberg Foundation;
   International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh
FX Financial support: The Swedish Agency for Research and Economic
   Cooperation (SIDA-Sarec) (grant INT-ICDDR,B-HN-01-AV); the Marianne and
   Markus Wallenberg Foundation, through support to GUVAX and the
   International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh.
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NR 45
TC 12
Z9 13
U1 1
U2 4
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
PI CARY
PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA
SN 0022-1899
EI 1537-6613
J9 J INFECT DIS
JI J. Infect. Dis.
PD DEC 1
PY 2010
VL 202
IS 11
BP 1676
EP 1684
DI 10.1086/657085
PG 9
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
GA 675BU
UT WOS:000283799900010
PM 20979458
OA Bronze
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Patel, SA
   Shivashankar, R
   Ali, MK
   Anjana, RM
   Deepa, M
   Kapoor, D
   Kondal, D
   Rautela, G
   Mohan, V
   Narayan, KMV
   Kadir, MM
   Fatmi, Z
   Prabhakaran, D
   Tandon, N
AF Patel, Shivani A.
   Shivashankar, Roopa
   Ali, Mohammed K.
   Anjana, R. M.
   Deepa, M.
   Kapoor, Deksha
   Kondal, Dimple
   Rautela, Garima
   Mohan, V.
   Narayan, K. M. Venkat
   Kadir, M. Masood
   Fatmi, Zafar
   Prabhakaran, Dorairaj
   Tandon, Nikhil
CA CARRS Investigators
TI Is the "South Asian Phenotype" Unique to South Asians? Comparing
   Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in the CARRS and NHANES Studies
SO GLOBAL HEART
LA English
DT Article
ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; DELHI BIRTH COHORT; NORMAL-WEIGHT; METABOLICALLY
   OBESE; BODY-COMPOSITION; INDIA; US; PREVALENCE; OVERWEIGHT; MORTALITY
AB Background: In the context of rising obesity in South Asia, it is unclear whether the "South Asian phenotype"(described as high glucose, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high triglycerides at normal ranges of body weight) continues to be disproportionately exhibited by contemporary South Asians relative to other race/ethnic groups.
   Objectives: We assessed the distinctiveness of the South Asian cardiometabolic profile by comparing the prevalence of combined high glucose, high triglycerides, and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (combined dysglycemia and dyslipidemia) in resident South Asians with 4 race/ethnic groups in the United States (Asians, black persons, Hispanics, and white persons) overall and by body mass index (BMI) category.
   Methods: South Asian data were from the 2010 to 2011 Center for Cardiometabolic Risk Reduction in South Asia Study, representative of Chennai and New Delhi, India and Karachi, Pakistan. U.S. data were from the 2011 to 2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, representative of the U.S. population. Combined dysglycemia and dyslipidemia was defined as fasting blood glucose >= 126 mg/dl and triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio >4. Logistic regression was used to estimate the relative odds and 95% confidence intervals of combined dysglycemia and dyslipidemia associated with each race/ethnic group (referent, U.S. white persons). Models were estimated among adults aged 20 to 79 years by sex and BMI category and accounted for age, education, and tobacco use. Data from 8,448 resident South Asians, 274 U.S. Asians, 404 U.S. black persons, 308 U.S. Hispanics, and 703 U.S. white persons without previously known diabetes were analyzed.
   Results: In the normal body weight range of BMI 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m(2), the prevalence of combined dysglycemia and dyslipidemia among men and women, respectively, was 33% and 11% in resident South Asians, 15% and 1% in U.S. Asians, 5% and 2% in U.S. black persons, 11% and 2% in U.S. Hispanics, and 8% and 2% in U.S. white persons. Compared with U.S. whites persons, South Asians were more likely to present with combined dysglycemia and dyslipidemia at all categories of BMI for men and at BMI 18.5 to 29.9 for women in adjusted models. The most pronounced difference between South Asians and U.S. white persons was observed at normal weight (adjusted odds ratio: 4.98; 95% confidence interval: 2.46 to 10.07 for men) (adjusted odds ratio: 9.09; 95% confidence interval: 2.48 to 33.29 for women).
   Conclusions: Between 8% and 15% of U.S. men and 1% and 2% of U.S. women of diverse race/ethnic backgrounds exhibited dysglycemia and dyslipidemia at levels of body weight considered "healthy," consistent with the cardiometabolic profile described as the "South Asian Phenotype." Urban South Asians, however, were 5 to 9 times more likely to exhibit dysglycemia and dyslipidemia in the "healthy" BMI range compared with any other U.S. race/ethnic group.
C1 [Patel, Shivani A.; Shivashankar, Roopa; Ali, Mohammed K.; Kapoor, Deksha; Kondal, Dimple; Rautela, Garima; Narayan, K. M. Venkat; Prabhakaran, Dorairaj; Tandon, Nikhil] Ctr Control Chron Condit, New Delhi, India.
   [Patel, Shivani A.; Ali, Mohammed K.; Narayan, K. M. Venkat] Emory Univ, Global Diabet Res Ctr, Hubert Dept Global Hlth, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.
   [Shivashankar, Roopa; Kondal, Dimple; Rautela, Garima; Prabhakaran, Dorairaj] Publ Hlth Fdn India, New Delhi, India.
   [Shivashankar, Roopa; Kapoor, Deksha; Kondal, Dimple; Prabhakaran, Dorairaj] Ctr Chron Dis Control, New Delhi, India.
   [Anjana, R. M.; Deepa, M.; Mohan, V.] Madras Diabet Res Fdn, Dept Diabetol, Madras, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [Deepa, M.] Madras Diabet Res Fdn, Dept Epidemiol, Madras, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [Kadir, M. Masood; Fatmi, Zafar] Aga Khan Univ, Karachi, Pakistan.
   [Tandon, Nikhil] All India Inst Med Sci, Dept Endocrinol & Metab, New Delhi, India.
RP Patel, SA (reprint author), Ctr Control Chron Condit, New Delhi, India.; Patel, SA (reprint author), Emory Univ, Global Diabet Res Ctr, Hubert Dept Global Hlth, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.
EM s.a.patel@emory.edu
OI Prabhakaran, Dorairaj/0000-0002-3172-834X
FU NICHD NIH HHS [D43 HD065249]; NHLBI NIH HHS [HHSN268200900026C]
CR AHMAD OB, 2001, AGE STANDARDISATION
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NR 38
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 6
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 2211-8160
EI 2211-8179
J9 GLOB HEART
JI Glob. Heart
PD MAR
PY 2016
VL 11
IS 1
BP 89
EP +
DI 10.1016/j.gheart.2015.12.010
PG 11
WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology
GA DV1II
UT WOS:000382674100021
PM 27102026
OA Green Accepted
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Plessow, R
   Arora, NK
   Brunner, B
   Tzogiou, C
   Eichler, K
   Brugger, U
   Wieser, S
AF Plessow, Rafael
   Arora, Narendra Kumar
   Brunner, Beatrice
   Tzogiou, Christina
   Eichler, Klaus
   Bruegger, Urs
   Wieser, Simon
TI Social Costs of Iron Deficiency Anemia in 6-59-Month-Old Children in
   India
SO PLOS ONE
LA English
DT Article
ID BURDEN; UNDERNUTRITION; INFANCY; DISEASE; HEALTH
AB Introduction
   Inadequate nutrition has a severe impact on health in India. According to the WHO, iron deficiency is the single most important nutritional risk factor in India, accounting for more than 3% of all disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) lost. We estimate the social costs of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in 6-59-month-old children in India in terms of intangible costs and production losses.
   Materials and Methods
   We build a health economic model estimating the life-time costs of a birth cohort suffering from IDA between the ages of 6 and 59 months. The model is stratified by 2 age groups (623 and 24-59-months), 2 geographical areas (urban and rural), 10 socio-economic strata and 3 degrees of severity of IDA (mild, moderate and severe). Prevalence of anemia is calculated with the last available National Family Health Survey. Information on the health consequences of IDA is extracted from the literature.
   Results
   IDA prevalence is 49.5% in 6-23-month-old and 39.9% in 24-58-month-old children. Children living in poor households in rural areas are particularly affected but prevalence is high even in wealthy urban households. The estimated yearly costs of IDA in 6-59-month-old children amount to intangible costs of 8.3 m DALYs and production losses of 24,001 m USD, equal to 1.3% of gross domestic product. Previous calculations have considerably underestimated the intangible costs of IDA as the improved WHO methodology leads to a threefold increase of DALYs due to IDA.
   Conclusion
   Despite years of iron supplementation programs and substantial economic growth, IDA remains a crucial public health issue in India and an obstacle to the economic advancement of the poor. Young children are especially vulnerable due to the irreversible effects of IDA on cognitive development. Our research may contribute to the design of new effective interventions aiming to reduce IDA in early childhood.
C1 [Plessow, Rafael; Brunner, Beatrice; Tzogiou, Christina; Eichler, Klaus; Bruegger, Urs; Wieser, Simon] Zurich Univ Appl Sci, Winterthur Inst Hlth Econ, Winterthur, Switzerland.
   [Arora, Narendra Kumar] INCLEN, Int Clin Epidemiol Network, New Delhi, India.
RP Wieser, S (reprint author), Zurich Univ Appl Sci, Winterthur Inst Hlth Econ, Winterthur, Switzerland.
EM simon.wieser@zhaw.ch
OI Wieser, Simon/0000-0003-1821-2944
FU Nestle Research Center; Nestle Nutrition Institute; Winterthur Institute
   of Health Economics
FX The study was supported by the Nestle Research Center. The funders had
   no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to
   publish, or preparation of the manuscript. KE and SW have received
   speaker honorarium and conference travel grants from Nestle Nutrition
   Institute. Winterthur Institute of Health Economics provided support in
   the form of salaries for authors RP, BB, CT, KE, UB and SW, but did not
   have any additional role in the study design, data collection and
   analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The
   Winterthur Institute of Health Economics is an institute at the Zurich
   University of Applied Sciences, a publicly funded Swiss University. The
   specific roles of these authors are articulated in the 'author
   contributions' section.
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NR 44
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 8
PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA
SN 1932-6203
J9 PLOS ONE
JI PLoS One
PD AUG 27
PY 2015
VL 10
IS 8
AR e0136581
DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0136581
PG 16
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA CP8KZ
UT WOS:000360144000071
PM 26313356
OA DOAJ Gold, Green Published
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Paul, A
   Gladstone, BP
   Mukhopadhya, I
   Kang, G
AF Paul, Anu
   Gladstone, Beryl P.
   Mukhopadhya, Indrani
   Kang, Gagandeep
TI Rotavirus infections in a community based cohort in Vellore, India
SO VACCINE
LA English
DT Article
ID GROUP-A ROTAVIRUS; LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS; MATERNAL
   EDUCATION; NEWBORN CHILDREN; DISEASE SEVERITY; LATIN-AMERICA;
   GUINEA-BISSAU; RISK-FACTORS; DIARRHEA
AB Introduction: The burden of infection in communities determines the spread of rotavirus infection and disease in susceptible populations. This study reports rotavirus infection and disease in a community based birth cohort in Vellore.
   Methods: Bimonthly surveillance and diarrheal stool were collected from 452 children enrolled at birth, of whom 373 completed three years of follow up. Samples were screened for rotavirus by an ELISA and genotyped by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for VP7 and VP4 genes. Rotavirus incidence rates were calculated using Poisson regression equations. Risk factors associated with symptomatic and asymptomatic rotavirus infections were compared using multiple logistic regression.
   Results: A total of 1149 episodes of rotavirus infections occurred in 94.4% children in the cohort. Incidence of rotavirus infection was 1.04 (0.97-1.1) per child-year with 0.75 asymptomatic and 0.29 symptomatic infections per child-year. About 18% of the children were infected in the first month, mainly with the G10P[11] strain. Rotavirus infections were more prevalent during October-March, but seasonality was not as marked in rotavirus disease. Rotavirus was associated with 15.1% of mild diarrhea, 38.9% of moderate/severe diarrhea and 66.7% of very severe diarrhea. Four common G types - G1 (26.8%), G2 (16%), G10 (11.2%) and G9 (9.6%) were seen, with high rates of mixed infections and untypable samples. Male gender, presence of siblings and low maternal education were associated with rotavirus disease.
   Conclusion: This study demonstrates that rotavirus is the most common cause of gastroenteritis in the community, and indicates that since rotavirus caused the greatest proportion of moderate and severe disease, targeted interventions such as vaccines are needed for rotavirus, in addition to health education, sanitation and appropriate treatment to decrease diarrheal disease in communities. (C) 2014 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Paul, Anu; Gladstone, Beryl P.; Mukhopadhya, Indrani; Kang, Gagandeep] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Div Gastrointestinal Sci, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India.
RP Kang, G (reprint author), Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Div Gastrointestinal Sci, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India.
EM gkang@cmcvellore.ac.in
OI Mukhopadhya, Indrani/0000-0003-2577-518X
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NR 53
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 1
U2 3
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0264-410X
EI 1873-2518
J9 VACCINE
JI Vaccine
PD AUG 11
PY 2014
VL 32
SU 1
BP A49
EP A54
DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.03.039
PG 6
WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental
SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine
GA AO0CU
UT WOS:000340977500012
PM 25091680
OA Green Published, Other Gold
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Mathew, MA
   Paulose, A
   Chitralekha, S
   Nair, MKC
   Kang, G
   Kilgore, P
AF Mathew, M. A.
   Paulose, Abraham
   Chitralekha, S.
   Nair, M. K. C.
   Kang, Gagandeep
   Kilgore, Paul
TI Prevalence of Rotavirus Diarrhea among Hospitalized Under-five Children
SO INDIAN PEDIATRICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Kerala; Rotavirus diarrhea; Rotavirus infections
ID MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; INDIAN CHILDREN; NORTHERN INDIA; BIRTH COHORT;
   NEW-DELHI; STRAINS; INFECTION; SURVEILLANCE; DISEASE
AB Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of rotavirus diarrhea among hospitalized children less than 5 years of age in Kerala State and to determine the circulating strains of rotavirus in Kerala.
   Design: Multicenter, cross-sectional study.
   Setting: Eight representative hospitals in Kunnathunadu Thaluk, Ernakulam district, Kerala.
   Participants: Children in the age group under 5 years
   Methods: Hospitalized children admitted with acute diarrhea were examined and standardized case report form was used to collect demographic, clinical and health outcome. Stool specimens were collected and ELISA testing was done. ELISA rotavirus positive samples were tested by reverse transcription PCR for G and P typing (CMC Vellore).
   Results: Among the 1827 children, 648 (35.9%) were positive for rotavirus by the Rotaclone ELISA test. The prevalence of rotavirus diarrhea in infants less than 6 months of age was 24.7%; 6-11 months 31.9%; 12-23 months 41.9%; 24-35 months 46.9%; and 33.3% in 36- 59 months. Rotavirus infections were most common during the dry months from January through May. GIP[8] (49.7%) was the most common strain identified followed by G9P[8] (26.4%), G2P[4] (5.5%), G9P[4] (2.6%) and G12P[6] (1.3%).
   Conclusions: The prevalence of rotavirus diarrhea among hospitalized children less than 5 years is high in Ernakulam district, Kerala State.
C1 [Mathew, M. A.; Paulose, Abraham; Chitralekha, S.] Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church Med Coll Hosp, Dept Pediat, Kolenchery 682311, Kerala, India.
   [Kang, Gagandeep] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Microbiol, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [Kilgore, Paul] Int Vaccine Inst, Div Translat Res, Seoul, South Korea.
RP Mathew, MA (reprint author), Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church Med Coll Hosp, Dept Pediat, Kolenchery 682311, Kerala, India.
EM drmathew_11@yahoo.com
RI Kilgore, Paul/L-1462-2013
OI Kilgore, Paul/0000-0003-3214-4482
FU Indian Council for Medical Research, New Delhi
FX Funding: Indian Council for Medical Research, New Delhi; Competing
   interests: None stated.
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NR 19
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 3
PU SPRINGER INDIA
PI NEW DELHI
PA 7TH FLOOR, VIJAYA BUILDING, 17, BARAKHAMBA ROAD, NEW DELHI, 110 001,
   INDIA
SN 0019-6061
EI 0974-7559
J9 INDIAN PEDIATR
JI Indian Pediatrics
PD JAN
PY 2014
VL 51
IS 1
BP 27
EP 31
DI 10.1007/s13312-014-0329-8
PG 5
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA 300ZQ
UT WOS:000330502900007
PM 24277960
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Veena, SR
   Krishnaveni, GV
   Srinivasan, K
   Wills, AK
   Hill, JC
   Kurpad, AV
   Muthayya, S
   Karat, SC
   Nalinakshi, M
   Fall, CHD
AF Veena, Sargoor R.
   Krishnaveni, Ghattu V.
   Srinivasan, Krishnamachari
   Wills, Andrew K.
   Hill, Jacqueline C.
   Kurpad, Anura V.
   Muthayya, Sumithra
   Karat, Samuel C.
   Nalinakshi, Mahadevu
   Fall, Caroline H. D.
TI Infant feeding practice and childhood cognitive performance in South
   India
SO ARCHIVES OF DISEASE IN CHILDHOOD
LA English
DT Article
ID BIRTH COHORT; INTELLIGENCE QUOTIENT; BREAST-MILK; CHILDREN; AGE;
   ABILITY; TRIAL
AB Aim Several studies have suggested a beneficial effect of infant breastfeeding on childhood cognitive function. The main objective was to examine whether duration of breastfeeding and age at introduction of complementary foods are related to cognitive performance in 9- to 10-year-old school-aged children in South India.
   Methods The authors examined 514 children from the Mysore Parthenon birth cohort for whom breastfeeding duration (six categories from < 3 to >= 18 months) and age at introduction of complementary foods (four categories from < 4 to >= 6 months) were collected at the first-, second- and third-year annual follow-up visits. Their cognitive function was assessed at a mean age of 9.7 years using three core tests from the Kaufman Assessment Battery for children and additional tests measuring long-term retrieval/storage, attention and concentration, visuo-spatial and verbal abilities.
   Results All the children were initially breastfed. The mode for duration of breastfeeding was 12-17 months (45.7%) and for age at introduction of complementary foods 4 months (37.1%). There were no associations between longer duration of breastfeeding, or age of introduction of complementary foods, and cognitive function at 9-10 years, either unadjusted or after adjustment for age, sex, gestation, birth size, maternal age, parity, socio-economic status, parents' attained schooling and rural/urban residence.
   Conclusions Within this cohort, in which prolonged breastfeeding was the norm (90% breastfed >= 6 months and 65% breastfed for >= 12 months), there was no evidence suggesting a beneficial effect of longer duration of breastfeeding on later cognitive ability.
C1 [Veena, Sargoor R.; Krishnaveni, Ghattu V.; Karat, Samuel C.; Nalinakshi, Mahadevu] Holdsworth Mem Hosp, Epidemiol Res Unit, Mysore 570021, Karnataka, India.
   [Srinivasan, Krishnamachari; Kurpad, Anura V.; Muthayya, Sumithra] St Johns Natl Acad Hlth Sci, St Johns Res Inst, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
   [Wills, Andrew K.; Hill, Jacqueline C.; Fall, Caroline H. D.] Southampton Gen Hosp, MRC Epidemiol Resource Ctr, Southampton SO9 4XY, Hants, England.
RP Veena, SR (reprint author), Holdsworth Mem Hosp, Epidemiol Res Unit, POB 38, Mysore 570021, Karnataka, India.
EM veenasr@gmail.com
OI Krishnaveni, Ghattu V/0000-0002-6532-8272
FU Parthenon Trust, Switzerland; Wellcome Trust, UK; Medical Research
   Council, UK; Medical Research Council [MC_UP_A620_1016, U1475000003]
FX This study was funded by the Parthenon Trust, Switzerland, Wellcome
   Trust, UK and Medical Research Council, UK.
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NR 41
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 4
PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND
SN 0003-9888
J9 ARCH DIS CHILD
JI Arch. Dis. Child.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 95
IS 5
BP 347
EP 354
DI 10.1136/adc.2009.165159
PG 8
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA 593OD
UT WOS:000277466200007
PM 19946010
OA Green Accepted
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Krishnaveni, GV
   Veena, SR
   Hill, JC
   Karat, SC
   Fall, CHD
AF Krishnaveni, Ghattu V.
   Veena, Sargoor R.
   Hill, Jacqueline C.
   Karat, Samuel C.
   Fall, Caroline H. D.
TI Cohort Profile: Mysore Parthenon Birth Cohort
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Cohort profile; gestational diabetes; maternal nutrition; India;
   children
ID 9-TO 10-YEAR-OLD CHILDREN; PUNE MATERNAL NUTRITION; INDIAN CHILDREN;
   INSULIN-RESISTANCE; SOUTH-INDIA; NEONATAL ANTHROPOMETRY; FOLATE
   CONCENTRATIONS; GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; RISK MARKERS; PREGNANCY
AB The Mysore Parthenon Birth Cohort was established to examine the long-term effects of maternal glucose tolerance and nutritional status on cardiovascular disease risk factors in the offspring. During 1997-98, 830 of 1233 women recruited from the antenatal clinics of the Holdsworth Memorial Hospital (HMH), Mysore, India, underwent an oral glucose tolerance test. Of these, 667 women delivered live babies at HMH. Four babies with major congenital anomalies were excluded, and the remaining 663 were included for further follow-up. The babies had detailed anthropometry at birth and at 6-12-monthly intervals subsequently. Detailed cardiovascular investigations were done at ages 5, 9.5 and 13.5 years in the children, and in the parents at the 5-year and 9.5-year follow-ups. This ongoing study provides extensive data on serial anthropometry and body composition, physiological and biochemical measures, dietary intake, nutritional status, physical activity measures, stress reactivity measures and cognitive function, and socio-demographic parameters for the offspring. Data on anthropometry, cardiovascular risk factors and nutritional status are available for mothers during pregnancy. Anthropometry and risk factor measures are available for both parents at follow-up.
C1 [Krishnaveni, Ghattu V.; Veena, Sargoor R.; Karat, Samuel C.] CSI Holdsworth Mem Hosp, Epidemiol Res Unit, Mysore 570021, Karnataka, India.
   [Hill, Jacqueline C.; Fall, Caroline H. D.] Univ Southampton, MRC Lifecourse Epidemiol Unit, Southampton, Hants, England.
   [Hill, Jacqueline C.] Southmead Hosp, Bristol, Avon, England.
RP Krishnaveni, GV (reprint author), CSI Holdsworth Mem Hosp, Epidemiol Res Unit, POB 38, Mysore 570021, Karnataka, India.
EM gv.krishnaveni@gmail.com
OI Krishnaveni, Ghattu V/0000-0002-6532-8272
FU Parthenon Trust, Switzerland; Wellcome Trust, UK [079877/Z/06/Z,
   095147/Z/10/Z]; Department for International Development, UK; Medical
   Research Council, UK [G0400519, 71108]; Medical Research Council
   [G0400519, U1475000003, MC_UU_12011/3, MC_UP_A620_1016]
FX The study was funded by the Parthenon Trust, Switzerland, the Wellcome
   Trust, UK (079877/Z/06/Z and 095147/Z/10/Z), the Department for
   International Development, UK and the Medical Research Council, UK
   [G0400519 (ID no.71108)].
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NR 29
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 4
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 0300-5771
EI 1464-3685
J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL
JI Int. J. Epidemiol.
PD FEB
PY 2015
VL 44
IS 1
BP 28
EP 36
DI 10.1093/ije/dyu050
PG 9
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA CD1WC
UT WOS:000350864200008
PM 24609067
OA Bronze, Green Published, Green Accepted
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Pillai, A
   Nayak, MB
   Greenfield, TK
   Bond, JC
   Hasin, DS
   Patel, V
AF Pillai, Aravind
   Nayak, Madhabika B.
   Greenfield, Thomas K.
   Bond, Jason C.
   Hasin, Deborah S.
   Patel, Vikram
TI Adolescent drinking onset and its adult consequences among men: a
   population based study from India
SO JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AND COMMUNITY HEALTH
LA English
DT Article
ID ALCOHOL-USE DISORDERS; DSM-IV; PRIMARY-CARE; 1ST DRINK;
   GENERAL-POPULATION; UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTOR; AGE; DEPENDENCE; ABUSE
AB Background Few population-based studies from lowincome and middle-income countries have addressed adolescent drinking onset and its association with adult alcohol-related adverse outcomes. The aims of this study were to: (1) estimate the rate of adolescent drinking onset and its trend over time among men (2) describe demographic and socioeconomic factors associated with adolescent drinking onset; and (3) examine the association between adolescent drinking onset and adverse outcomes in later life, including hazardous or harmful alcohol use, heavy episodic drinking, alcohol dependence, injuries and psychological distress.
   Methods Population-based survey of men (n=1899) from rural and urban communities in northern Goa, India. Analysis addressed age of drinking onset among those who reported ever drinking in their lifetime, and drinking patterns and consequences among current drinkers.
   Results Adolescent drinking onset showed an increasing trend over time (p<0.001), from 19.5% for those born between 1956 and 1960 to 74.3% for those born between 1981 and 1985. Urban residence, Christian religion and low standard of living were associated with adolescent drinking onset. Adolescent drinking onset was associated with psychological distress (OR 2.82; 95% CI 1.41 to 5.63), alcohol dependence (OR 2.56; 95% CI 1.79 to 3.68), lifetime history of alcohol related injuries (OR 3.07; 95% CI 1.16 to 8.14), alcohol related injuries during the past year (OR 3.04; 95% CI 1.35 to 6.81), and a Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test score >= 8 indicating hazardous or harmful alcohol use (OR 1.9; 95% CI 1.17 to 3.08) in adulthood.
   Conclusions This study among men in Goa, India suggests a substantial increase in adolescent drinking onset in more recent birth cohorts. Consistent with other countries, adolescent drinking onset increased the likelihood of lifetime alcohol dependence, hazardous or harmful alcohol use, alcohol related injuries and psychological distress. These findings highlight the need for policies and programmes to delay drinking onset in India.
C1 [Pillai, Aravind; Patel, Vikram] Sangath, Porvorim, Goa, India.
   [Pillai, Aravind; Hasin, Deborah S.] Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, New York, NY 10032 USA.
   [Nayak, Madhabika B.; Greenfield, Thomas K.; Bond, Jason C.] Inst Publ Hlth, Alcohol Res Grp, Emeryville, CA USA.
   [Greenfield, Thomas K.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Psychiat, San Francisco, CA USA.
   [Patel, Vikram] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London, England.
RP Pillai, A (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, 600 West 168th St R405, New York, NY 10032 USA.
EM ap2664@columbia.edu
OI Patel, Vikram/0000-0003-1066-8584; Pillai, Aravind/0000-0001-6997-2607;
   /0000-0002-3108-4812
FU National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism to the Alcohol
   Research Group, Public Health Institute [R21 AA014773, P50 AA005595];
   Wellcome Trust Senior Research Fellowship
FX This work was supported by grants R21 AA014773 and P50 AA005595 from the
   National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism to the Alcohol
   Research Group, Public Health Institute. VP is supported by a Wellcome
   Trust Senior Research Fellowship.
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NR 45
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 1
U2 8
PU BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND
SN 0143-005X
EI 1470-2738
J9 J EPIDEMIOL COMMUN H
JI J. Epidemiol. Community Health
PD OCT
PY 2014
VL 68
IS 10
BP 922
EP 927
DI 10.1136/jech-2014-204058
PG 6
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA AP1KI
UT WOS:000341827800005
PM 25096808
OA Green Accepted
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Krishnaveni, GV
   Veena, SR
   Dhube, A
   Karat, SC
   Phillips, DIW
   Fall, CHD
AF Krishnaveni, G. V.
   Veena, S. R.
   Dhube, A.
   Karat, S. C.
   Phillips, D. I. W.
   Fall, C. H. D.
TI Size at birth, morning cortisol and cardiometabolic risk markers in
   healthy Indian children
SO CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID CORTICOSTEROID-BINDING GLOBULIN; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; METABOLIC SYNDROME;
   SERUM CORTISOL; PRENATAL STRESS; UNITED-KINGDOM; BLOOD-PRESSURE;
   NEONATAL PIGS; LATER LIFE; WEIGHT
AB ObjectivePrenatal programming of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis may link reduced foetal growth with higher adult chronic disease risk. South Asians have a high prevalence of low birth weight and a thin-fat phenotype, which is associated with subsequent type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome. Altered HPA activity could be one of the pathological processes underlying this link.
   MethodsPlasma morning cortisol and corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG) concentrations were determined in 528 children aged 95years from a prospective birth cohort in India. They had detailed anthropometry at birth, and current measurements of anthropometry, plasma glucose, insulin and lipid concentrations and blood pressure. Insulin resistance (Homeostasis Model Assessment) and insulin secretion (the 30-min insulin increment) were also assessed.
   ResultsNone of the birth measurements were associated with cortisol concentrations, but both birth weight (P=003) and length (P=0004) were inversely associated with CBG concentrations. Cortisol concentrations were inversely associated with current body mass index (P=002), and positively associated with glucose (fasting: P<0001; 30-min: P=0002) concentrations, and systolic blood pressure (P=0005), but not insulin resistance or the insulin increment.
   ConclusionHigher morning cortisol is associated with higher cardiometabolic risk markers in Indian children. Although cortisol concentrations did not appear to be related to birth size, small size at birth was associated with higher CBG levels, and may be one of the processes by which foetal undernutrition affects adult health. The findings suggest a need for dynamic testing of HPA axis activity (such as measuring stress responses).
C1 [Krishnaveni, G. V.; Veena, S. R.; Dhube, A.; Karat, S. C.] CSI Holdsworth Mem Hosp, Epidemiol Res Unit, Mysore 570021, South India, India.
   [Phillips, D. I. W.; Fall, C. H. D.] Southampton Gen Hosp, MRC Lifecourse Epidemiol Unit, Southampton SO9 4XY, Hants, England.
RP Krishnaveni, GV (reprint author), CSI Holdsworth Mem Hosp, Epidemiol Res Unit, POB 38, Mysore 570021, South India, India.
EM gv.krishnaveni@gmail.com
OI Krishnaveni, Ghattu V/0000-0002-6532-8272
FU Parthenon Trust, Switzerland; Wellcome Trust, UK; Medical Research
   Council, UK; Medical Research Council [MC_UU_12011/3, MC_UP_A620_1016]
FX We are grateful to the families who participated, and the obstetric and
   paediatric consultants. We thank Dr Jacqui Hill and staff at the
   Epidemiology Research Unit and the MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit for
   their contributions. Our thanks to Dattatray Bhat, Diabetes Unit, KEM
   Hospital, Pune for biochemical assays, and to Sneha-India for its
   support.; This study was funded by the Parthenon Trust, Switzerland, the
   Wellcome Trust, UK and the Medical Research Council, UK.
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NR 35
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 1
U2 7
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0300-0664
EI 1365-2265
J9 CLIN ENDOCRINOL
JI Clin. Endocrinol.
PD JAN
PY 2014
VL 80
IS 1
BP 73
EP 79
DI 10.1111/cen.12143
PG 7
WC Endocrinology & Metabolism
SC Endocrinology & Metabolism
GA 263IJ
UT WOS:000327801300010
PM 23297873
OA Green Accepted
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Anand, SS
   Vasudevan, A
   Gupta, M
   Morrison, K
   Kurpad, A
   Teo, KK
   Srinivasan, K
AF Anand, Sonia S.
   Vasudevan, Anil
   Gupta, Milan
   Morrison, Katherine
   Kurpad, Anura
   Teo, Koon K.
   Srinivasan, Krishnamachari
CA START Cohort Study Investigators
TI Rationale and design of South Asian Birth Cohort (START): a Canada-India
   collaborative study
SO BMC PUBLIC HEALTH
LA English
DT Article
DE Birth cohort; South Asian; Adiposity; Insulin resistance; Early origins;
   India; Canada
ID PUNE MATERNAL NUTRITION; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; RISK-FACTORS;
   MULTIETHNIC POPULATION; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; HEALTH-ASSESSMENT;
   BODY-COMPOSITION; PREGNANCY; QUESTIONNAIRES; ANTHROPOMETRY
AB Background: People who originate from the Indian subcontinent (South Asians) suffer among the highest rates of type 2 diabetes in the world. Prior evidence suggests that metabolic risk factors develop early in life and are influenced by maternal and paternal behaviors, the intrauterine environment, and genetic factors. The South Asian Birth Cohort Study (START) will investigate the environmental and genetic basis of adiposity among 750 South Asian offspring recruited from highly divergent environments, namely, rural and urban India and urban Canada.
   Methods: Detailed information on health behaviors including diet and physical activity, and blood samples for metabolic parameters and DNA are collected from pregnant women of South Asian ancestry who are free of significant chronic disease. They also undergo a provocative test to diagnose impaired glucose tolerance and gestational diabetes. At delivery, cord blood and newborn anthropometric indices (i.e. birth weight, length, head circumference and skin fold thickness) are collected. The mother and growing offspring are followed prospectively and information on the growth trajectory, adiposity and health behaviors will be collected annually up to age 3 years. Our aim is to recruit a minimum of 750 mother-infant pairs equally divided between three divergent environments: rural India, urban India, and Canada.
   Summary: The START cohort will increase our understanding of the environmental and genetic determinants of adiposity and related metabolic abnormalities among South Asians living in India and Canada.
C1 [Anand, Sonia S.; Gupta, Milan; Morrison, Katherine; Teo, Koon K.] McMaster Univ, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.
   [Anand, Sonia S.] McMaster Univ, Populat Genom Program, Chanchlani Res Ctr, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.
   [Anand, Sonia S.; Morrison, Katherine; Teo, Koon K.] Hamilton Hlth Sci, Populat Hlth Res Inst, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
   [Gupta, Milan] Canadian Cardiovasc Res Network, Brampton, ON, Canada.
   [Vasudevan, Anil; Kurpad, Anura; Srinivasan, Krishnamachari] St Johns Res Inst, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
   [Vasudevan, Anil; Kurpad, Anura; Srinivasan, Krishnamachari] St Johns Med Coll, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
RP Anand, SS (reprint author), McMaster Univ, 1280 Main St West MDCL 3200, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.
EM anands@mcmaster.ca
RI Dunn, James/G-1543-2016; McDonald, Sarah/G-2653-2013; Pare,
   Guillaume/T-9631-2018
OI Pare, Guillaume/0000-0002-6795-4760; Morrison,
   Katherine/0000-0002-1737-256X; Gupta, Milan/0000-0002-7385-9006
FU Canadian Institutes of Health Research [227851]; Indian Council of
   Medical Research [58/4/31/ICMR-CIHR /2009-NCD II]; Heart and Stroke
   Foundation of Ontario [NA 7283]
FX The work undertaken here is funded by Canadian Institutes of Health
   Research (#227851), Indian Council of Medical Research
   (58/4/31/ICMR-CIHR /2009-NCD II) and the Heart and Stroke Foundation of
   Ontario (NA 7283). *Dr. Anand holds a Canada Research Chair in Ethnic
   Diversity and Cardiovascular disease, and the Michael G. DeGroote and
   Heart and Stroke Foundation of Ontario Chair in Population Health,
   McMaster University.
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NR 45
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 2
U2 15
PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD
PI LONDON
PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND
SN 1471-2458
J9 BMC PUBLIC HEALTH
JI BMC Public Health
PD JAN 28
PY 2013
VL 13
AR 79
DI 10.1186/1471-2458-13-79
PG 13
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA 099KS
UT WOS:000315620500001
PM 23356884
OA DOAJ Gold, Green Published
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Krishnaveni, GV
   Mills, IC
   Veena, SR
   Wootton, SA
   Wills, AK
   Coakley, PJ
   Fisher, DJ
   Shobha, S
   Karat, SC
   Fall, CHD
AF Krishnaveni, G. V.
   Mills, I. C.
   Veena, S. R.
   Wootton, S. A.
   Wills, A. K.
   Coakley, P. J.
   Fisher, D. J.
   Shobha, S.
   Karat, S. C.
   Fall, C. H. D.
TI Accelerometers for Measuring Physical Activity Behavior in Indian
   Children
SO INDIAN PEDIATRICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Accelerometers; Activity diaries; Child; India; Physical activity
ID DAILY ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; DOUBLY LABELED WATER; NEONATAL ANTHROPOMETRY;
   CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; BODY-COMPOSITION; NUTRITION;
   PREGNANCY; LIFE
AB Objective: To examine the validity of accelerometers for characterizing habitual physical activity patterns in Indian children.
   Design: Cohort study.
   Setting: Holdsworth Memorial Hospital, Mysore.
   Subjects: Children (N=103, mean age 6.6 years) selected from an ongoing birth cohort study.
   Methods: Physical activity was measured over 7 days using accelerometers (MTI Actigraph) and concurrent parent-maintained activity diaries. Actigraph counts per minute representing sedentary (<10), light (<400), moderate (<3000) and vigorous (>= 3000) activity were determined using a structured activity session in a separate group of 10 children. In 46 children chosen for validating accelerometers, time spent in different activity levels according to diaries was determined. Energy Expenditure (EE) was calculated from diaries using a factorial method.
   Results: Ninety-eight children wore the monitor for A days. Total counts and time spent in different activity levels were similar in boys and girls (P>0.2). Among 46 children chosen for comparisons, time spent in sedentary (r=0.48, P=0.001), light (r=0.70, P<0.001) and moderate activities (r=0.29, P=0.054) according to diaries correlated with those derived from counts, and total Actigraph counts correlated with EE (r=0.42, P=0.004). Bland-Altman analysis showed systematic bias, and wide limits of agreement between these methods for time spent in different activity levels.
   Conclusions: Accelerometers are a well tolerated and objective way of measuring activity behavior in free-living children, Though accelerometer counts correlate with time spent in activity of varying intensity and energy expenditure derived from parent-maintained diaries, wide limits of agreement show that the limitations of accelerometers need to be recognized in interpreting the data that they generate.
C1 [Krishnaveni, G. V.; Veena, S. R.; Shobha, S.; Karat, S. C.] CSI Holdsworth Mem Hosp, Mysore, Karnataka, India.
   [Mills, I. C.; Wills, A. K.; Coakley, P. J.; Fisher, D. J.; Fall, C. H. D.] Univ Southampton, MRC, Epidemiol Resource Ctr, Southampton SO9 5NH, Hants, England.
   [Veena, S. R.] Univ Southampton, Dept Human Nutr, Southampton SO9 5NH, Hants, England.
RP Krishnaveni, GV (reprint author), CSI Holdsworth Mem Hosp, POB 38, Mysore, Karnataka, India.
EM gv.krishnaveni@gmail.com
RI Wootton, Stephen/I-3712-2012; Schmoelz, Camilie/D-1707-2012
OI Wootton, Stephen/0000-0002-9495-9719; Schmoelz,
   Camilie/0000-0003-2221-9954
FU Parthenon Trust, Switzerland; Wellcome Trust, UK; Medical Research
   Council, UK; Medical Research Council [G0400519, U1475000003,
   MC_U147585821]
FX Parthenon Trust, Switzerland, Wellcome Trust, UK, Medical Research
   Council, UK.
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NR 23
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 3
PU SPRINGER INDIA
PI NEW DELHI
PA 7TH FLOOR, VIJAYA BUILDING, 17, BARAKHAMBA ROAD, NEW DELHI, 110 001,
   INDIA
SN 0019-6061
EI 0974-7559
J9 INDIAN PEDIATR
JI Indian Pediatrics
PD DEC
PY 2009
VL 46
IS 12
BP 1055
EP 1062
PG 8
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA 543BX
UT WOS:000273546000004
PM 19430084
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Virani, N
AF Virani, N
TI Growth patterns and secular trends over four decades in the dynamics of
   height growth of Indian boys and girls in Sri Aurobindo Ashram: A cohort
   study
SO ANNALS OF HUMAN BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE growth pattern; height; height velocity; India; secular trend;
   longitudinal
ID RURAL WEST-BENGAL; ADOLESCENT GROWTH; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY;
   SCHOOL-CHILDREN; MID-GROWTH; SPURT; WEIGHT; ACCELERATION; CHILDHOOD;
   VELOCITY
AB Background: Growth parameters are widely used in the assessment of health, nutrition and physical characteristics of a population, however, there still exist uncertainties regarding ethnic variation and the influence of physical activity on growth. Due to the paucity of longitudinal data, the dynamics of the adolescent growth spurt have not been satisfactorily examined in most populations.
   Aim: The main purpose of this longitudinal study is to present the secular trends in the dynamics of height growth over four decades. In the process, this paper also aims to establish current norms for some biological parameters of growth and to address issues concerning ethnic variation and the effect of childhood physical activity on growth.
   Methodology: Three hundred and one boys and 235 girls of Indian origin who had been enrolled in the Sri Aurobindo International Centre of Education (SAICE) by age 6 and remained for at least 3 uninterrupted years were divided into four birth cohort periods. Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses were carried out to derive distance, velocity and acceleration curves.
   Results: No significant differences were found between ethnic groups in any of the growth parameters. Over the 40-year span of this study, SAICE children prove to be taller than their Indian peers. A significant positive secular trend was seen in the height attained at all velocity turning points over the first two decades. Most pre-pubertal growth parameters in these children resemble those from developed nations.
   Conclusions: Children from most parts of India have similar genetic growth potential. After a significant positive secular trend in height attained over the first 20 years, the adult height has now plateaued. The significant difference in post-pubertal stature between the current generation and those of European origin indicates a genetic difference. Regular and graded physical activities have a salutary effect on growth. The data provide norms for healthy, active Indian child growing up in a satisfactory environment.
C1 Sri Aurobindo Ashram, Dept Phys Educ, Pondicherry 605002, India.
RP Virani, N (reprint author), Sri Aurobindo Ashram, Dept Phys Educ, Pondicherry 605002, India.
EM nikhilvirani@gmail.com
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NR 46
TC 10
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 3
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0301-4460
EI 1464-5033
J9 ANN HUM BIOL
JI Ann. Hum. Biol.
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2005
VL 32
IS 3
BP 259
EP 282
DI 10.1080/03014460500068261
PG 24
WC Anthropology; Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Anthropology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Public,
   Environmental & Occupational Health
GA 947LU
UT WOS:000230647600002
PM 16099773
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Svefors, P
   Rahman, A
   Ekstrom, EC
   Khan, AI
   Lindstrom, E
   Persson, LA
   Selling, KE
AF Svefors, Pernilla
   Rahman, Anisur
   Ekstrom, Eva-Charlotte
   Khan, Ashraful Islam
   Lindstrom, Emma
   Persson, Lars Ake
   Selling, Katarina Ekholm
TI Stunted at 10 Years. Linear Growth Trajectories and Stunting from Birth
   to Pre-Adolescence in a Rural Bangladeshi Cohort
SO PLOS ONE
LA English
DT Article
ID MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES; FILIPINO CHILDREN; NUTRITIONAL INTERVENTIONS;
   HEALTH; AGE; ASSOCIATION; MORTALITY; UNDERNUTRITION; DETERMINANTS;
   RETARDATION
AB Background
   Few studies in low-income settings analyse linear growth trajectories from foetal life to preadolescence. The aim of this study is to describe linear growth and stunting from birth to 10 years in rural Bangladesh and to analyse whether maternal and environmental determinants at conception are associated with linear growth throughout childhood and stunting at 10 years.
   Methods and Findings
   Pregnant women participating in the MINIMat trial were identified in early pregnancy and a birth cohort (n = 1054) was followed with 19 growth measurements from birth to 10 years. Analyses of baseline predictors and mean height-for-age Z-scores (HAZ) over time were modelled using GLMM. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the associations between baseline predictors and stunting (HAZ<-2) at 10 years. HAZ decreased to 2 years, followed by an increase up to 10 years, while the average height-for-age difference in cm (HAD) to the WHO reference median continued to increase up to 10 years. Prevalence of stunting was highest at 2 years (50%) decreasing to 29% at 10 years. Maternal height, maternal educational level and season of conception were all independent predictors of HAZ from birth to pre-adolescence (p<0.001) and stunting at 10 years. The highest probability to be stunted at 10 years was for children born by short mothers (<147.5 cm) (ORadj 2.93, 95% CI: 2.06-4.20), mothers with no education (ORadj 1.74, 95% CI 1.17-2.81) or those conceived in the pre-monsoon season (ORadj 1.94, 95% CI 1.37-2.77).
   Conclusions
   Height growth trajectories and prevalence of stunting in pre-adolescence showed strong intergenerational associations, social differentials, and environmental influence from foetal life. Targeting women before and during pregnancy is needed for the prevention of impaired child growth.
C1 [Svefors, Pernilla; Ekstrom, Eva-Charlotte; Lindstrom, Emma; Persson, Lars Ake; Selling, Katarina Ekholm] Uppsala Univ, Dept Womens & Childrens Hlth, Int Maternal & Child Hlth, Uppsala, Sweden.
   [Rahman, Anisur; Khan, Ashraful Islam] Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res Bangladesh Iccdr B, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
RP Svefors, P (reprint author), Uppsala Univ, Dept Womens & Childrens Hlth, Int Maternal & Child Hlth, Uppsala, Sweden.
EM pernilla.svefors@kbh.uu.se
FU ICDDR,B; United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF); Swedish International
   Development Cooperation Agency (Sida); UK Medical Research Council;
   Swedish Research Council; Department for International Development
   (DFID); Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; Uppsala University;
   United States Agency for International Development (USAID); Child Health
   and Nutrition Research Initiative (CHNRI)
FX The MINIMat research study was funded by ICDDR,B, United Nations
   Children's Fund (UNICEF), Swedish International Development Cooperation
   Agency (Sida), UK Medical Research Council, Swedish Research Council,
   Department for International Development (DFID), Japan Society for the
   Promotion of Science, Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative
   (CHNRI), Uppsala University and United States Agency for International
   Development (USAID). The funders had no role in study design, data
   collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the
   manuscript. The authors gratefully acknowledge the participation of all
   mothers and children in Matlab.
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NR 54
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 6
PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA
SN 1932-6203
J9 PLOS ONE
JI PLoS One
PD MAR 2
PY 2016
VL 11
IS 3
AR e0149700
DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0149700
PG 18
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA DG0AN
UT WOS:000371724200047
PM 26934484
OA DOAJ Gold, Green Published
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Krishnaveni, GV
   Veena, SR
   Jones, A
   Bhat, DS
   Malathi, MP
   Hellhammer, D
   Srinivasan, K
   Upadya, H
   Kurpad, AV
   Fall, CHD
AF Krishnaveni, G. V.
   Veena, S. R.
   Jones, A.
   Bhat, D. S.
   Malathi, M. P.
   Hellhammer, D.
   Srinivasan, K.
   Upadya, H.
   Kurpad, A. V.
   Fall, C. H. D.
TI Trier Social Stress Test in Indian Adolescents
SO INDIAN PEDIATRICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Cortisol; Stress; Validation studies
ID CHILDREN; CORTISOL
AB Objective: To test the Trier Social Stress Test for children (TSST-C) in a cohort of Indian adolescents.
   Design: Cohort study
   Setting: Holdsworth Memorial Hospital, Mysore, India.
   Participants: Adolescent children (N=273, 134 Males; mean age 13.6 yrs) selected from an ongoing birth cohort; 269 completed the test.
   Intervention: Performance of 5-minutes each of public- speaking and mental arithmetic tasks in front of two unfamiliar 'evaluators'.
   Outcome measures: Salivary cortisol concentrations were measured at baseline and at regular intervals after the TSST-C. Continuous measurements of heart rate, finger blood pressure, stroke volume, cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance were carried out before, during and for 10 minutes after the TSST-C using a finger cuff.
   Results: Cortisol concentrations [mean increment (SD): 6.1 (6.9) ng/mL], heart rate [4.6 (10.1) bpm], systolic [24.2 (11.6) mmHg] and diastolic blood pressure [16.5 (7.3) mmHg], cardiac output [0.6 (0.7) L/min], stroke volume [4.0 (5.6) mL] and systemic vascular resistance [225 (282) dyn.s/cm(5)] increased significantly (P<0.001) from baseline after inducing stress.
   Conclusions: The TSST-C produces stress-responses in Indian adolescents of a sufficient magnitude to be a useful tool for examining stress physiology and its relationships to disease outcomes in this population.
C1 [Krishnaveni, G. V.; Veena, S. R.; Malathi, M. P.; Upadya, H.] CSI Holdsworth Mem Hosp, Epidemiol Res Unit, Mysore 570021, Karnataka, India.
   [Jones, A.] UCL Inst Child Hlth, Ctr Cardiovasc Imaging, London, England.
   [Bhat, D. S.] KEM Hosp Res Ctr, Diabet Unit, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
   [Hellhammer, D.] Univ Trier, Dept Psychol, D-54286 Trier, Germany.
   [Srinivasan, K.; Kurpad, A. V.] St Johns Res Inst, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
   [Fall, C. H. D.] Southampton Gen Hosp, MRC Lifecourse Epidemiol Unit, Southampton SO9 4XY, Hants, England.
RP Krishnaveni, GV (reprint author), CSI Holdsworth Mem Hosp, Epidemiol Res Unit, POB 38, Mysore 570021, Karnataka, India.
EM gv.krishnaveni@gmail.com
FU Parthenon Trust, Switzerland; Wellcome Trust, UK; Medical Research
   Council, UK; Medical Research Council [MC_UU_12011/3, U1475000003,
   MC_UP_A620_1016]
FX Parthenon Trust, Switzerland, Wellcome Trust, UK, Medical Research
   Council, UK.
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NR 15
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 5
PU SPRINGER INDIA
PI NEW DELHI
PA 7TH FLOOR, VIJAYA BUILDING, 17, BARAKHAMBA ROAD, NEW DELHI, 110 001,
   INDIA
SN 0019-6061
EI 0974-7559
J9 INDIAN PEDIATR
JI Indian Pediatrics
PD JUN
PY 2014
VL 51
IS 6
BP 463
EP 467
DI 10.1007/s13312-014-0437-5
PG 5
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA AK2TG
UT WOS:000338271800009
PM 24986282
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Kulkarni, B
   Kuper, H
   Radhakrishna, KV
   Hills, AP
   Byrne, NM
   Taylor, A
   Sullivan, R
   Bowen, L
   Wells, JC
   Ben-Shlomo, Y
   Smith, GD
   Ebrahim, S
   Kinra, S
AF Kulkarni, Bharati
   Kuper, Hannah
   Radhakrishna, K. V.
   Hills, Andrew P.
   Byrne, Nuala M.
   Taylor, Amy
   Sullivan, Ruth
   Bowen, Liza
   Wells, Jonathan C.
   Ben-Shlomo, Yoav
   Smith, George Davey
   Ebrahim, Shah
   Kinra, Sanjay
TI The Association of Early Life Supplemental Nutrition With Lean Body Mass
   and Grip Strength in Adulthood: Evidence From APCAPS
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE body composition; cohort study; developmental origins of health and
   disease; grip strength; lean body mass; muscle mass; nutrition; physical
   activity
ID FOOD FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE; MUSCLE MASS; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITIES;
   BIRTH-WEIGHT; SIZE; OLDER; PROTEIN; HEALTH; COHORT; INDIA
AB In the present study, we examined the associations of early nutrition with adult lean body mass (LBM) and muscle strength in a birth cohort that was established to assess the long-term impact of a nutrition program. Participants (n = 1,446, 32% female) were born near Hyderabad, India, in 29 villages from 1987 to 1990, during which time only intervention villages (n = 15) had a government program that offered balanced protein-calorie supplementation to pregnant women and children. Participants' LBM and appendicular skeletal muscle mass were measured using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry; grip strength and information on lifestyle indicators, including diet and physical activity level, were also obtained. Ages (mean = 20.3 years) and body mass indexes (weight (kg)/height (m)(2); mean = 19.5) of participants in 2 groups were similar. Current dietary energy intake was higher in the intervention group. Unadjusted LBM and grip strength were similar in 2 groups. After adjustment for potential confounders, the intervention group had lower LBM (beta = -0.75; P = 0.03), appendicular skeletal muscle mass, and grip strength than did controls, but these differences were small in magnitude (<0.1 standard deviation). Multivariable regression analyses showed that current socioeconomic position, energy intake, and physical activity level had a positive association with adult LBM and muscle strength. This study could not detect a "programming" effect of early nutrition supplementation on adult LBM and muscle strength.
C1 [Kulkarni, Bharati; Byrne, Nuala M.] Queensland Univ Technol, Sch Exercise & Nutr Sci, Brisbane, Qld 4001, Australia.
   [Kulkarni, Bharati; Byrne, Nuala M.] Queensland Univ Technol, Inst Hlth & Biomed Innovat, Brisbane, Qld 4001, Australia.
   [Kulkarni, Bharati; Radhakrishna, K. V.] Natl Inst Nutr, Clin Div, Hyderabad 500007, Andhra Pradesh, India.
   [Kuper, Hannah; Sullivan, Ruth; Bowen, Liza; Ebrahim, Shah; Kinra, Sanjay] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Noncommunicable Dis Epidemiol, London WC1, England.
   [Hills, Andrew P.] Univ Queensland, Mater Res Inst, Mater Mothers Hosp, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.
   [Hills, Andrew P.] Griffith Univ, Griffith Hlth Inst, Brisbane, Qld 4111, Australia.
   [Taylor, Amy; Ben-Shlomo, Yoav; Smith, George Davey] Univ Bristol, Sch Social & Community Med, Bristol, Avon, England.
   [Wells, Jonathan C.] UCL Inst Child Hlth, Childhood Nutr Res Ctr, London, England.
   [Ebrahim, Shah] Publ Hlth Fdn India, South Asia Network Chron Dis, New Delhi, India.
RP Kulkarni, B (reprint author), Natl Inst Nutr, Clin Div, Jamai Osmania PO, Hyderabad 500007, Andhra Pradesh, India.
EM dr.bharatikulkarni@gmail.com
RI Wells, Jonathan/A-4604-2009; Davey Smith, George/A-7407-2013; Hills,
   Andrew/M-3199-2014
OI Wells, Jonathan/0000-0003-0411-8025; Davey Smith,
   George/0000-0002-1407-8314; Hills, Andrew/0000-0002-7787-7201; Kulkarni,
   Bharati/0000-0003-0636-318X; s, hema/0000-0002-3440-9475;
   Venkatasubramanian, Siddharth/0000-0002-5860-0768
FU Indian Council of Medical Research; United States Assistance for
   International Development; Royal College of Physicians, United Kingdom;
   Wellcome Trust, United Kingdom [WT083707AIA];  [20032005]; Medical
   Research Council [MC_UU_12013/1]
FX The initial trial was funded jointly by the Indian Council of Medical
   Research and the United States Assistance for International Development.
   The first follow-up study (20032005) was funded by a personal fellowship
   to Sanjay Kinra (Eden Fellowship in Paediatrics, granted by the Royal
   College of Physicians, United Kingdom) and the second follow-up study
   (2009-2010) was funded by the Wellcome Trust, United Kingdom (grant
   WT083707AIA).
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NR 37
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 1
U2 4
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
PI CARY
PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA
SN 0002-9262
EI 1476-6256
J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL
JI Am. J. Epidemiol.
PD MAR 15
PY 2014
VL 179
IS 6
BP 700
EP 709
DI 10.1093/aje/kwt332
PG 10
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA AD4UP
UT WOS:000333246800007
PM 24553777
OA Green Published, Bronze
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Ahmed, S
   Kabir, ARML
   Rahman, A
   Hussain, M
   Khatoon, S
   Hannan, A
AF Ahmed, Selim
   Kabir, A. R. M. Luthful
   Rahman, Aminur
   Hussain, Maleeha
   Khatoon, Soofia
   Hannan, Abdul
TI Severity of Rotavirus Diarrhea in Children: One Year Experience in a
   Children Hospital of Bangladesh
SO IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Rotavirus; Diarrhea; ELISA; Gastroenteritis
ID CHILDHOOD DIARRHEA; DISEASE BURDEN; BIRTH COHORT; GASTROENTERITIS;
   COMMUNITY; SURVEILLANCE; INFECTION; AGE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ETIOLOGY
AB Objective: This study was conducted to determine the hospital prevalence, clinical severity and treatment outcome of rotavirus versus non-rotavirus diarrhea in children attending a secondary level children hospital of Bangladesh.
   Methods: Total 601 children aged from 1 month to 5 years with watery diarrhea were enrolled and their stool samples were analyzed by ELISA for rotavirus antigen.
   Findings: Totally, 41.8% of the stool samples were ELISA positive for rotavirus. Sixty-four percent Rota positive patients and 60.85% of non-Rota patients were treated at outpatient department. The mean age (+/- SD) of the patients was 12.06 +/- 9.85 months. Second half of infancy showed highest prevalence (38.6%) of rotavirus gastroenteritis. Vomiting was significantly higher in rotavirus diarrhea than non-Rota diarrhea (P=0.001). Dehydration status ranged from mild to moderate in 83% of Rota and 80% of non-Rota group. Among the hospitalized patients, majority of Rota and non-Rota (98.8% & 94.6% respectively) patients recovered unevenfully. There were six deaths, two in rotavirus group and four in non-rotavirus group.
   Conclusion: Despite high prevalence of Rotavirus diarrhea in Bangladesh, majority of this illness can be managed at home and/or in primary health care centers, since clinical severity and outcome of rotavirus diarrhea remains similar to that of non-rotavirus diarrhea. This message is expected to reduce frequent and sometimes un-necessary referral of diarrhea patients to higher centers thereby saving the working hours of the attending parents as well as disease burden to children hospitals having limited beds against the huge demand.
C1 [Ahmed, Selim; Kabir, A. R. M. Luthful; Khatoon, Soofia; Hannan, Abdul] Inst Child & Mother Hlth, Dept Pediat, Dhaka 1362, Bangladesh.
   [Rahman, Aminur] Ctr Injury Prevent & Res, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
   [Hussain, Maleeha] MAG Osmani Med Coll, Dept Pathol, Sylhet, Bangladesh.
RP Ahmed, S (reprint author), Inst Child & Mother Hlth, Dept Pediat, Dhaka 1362, Bangladesh.
EM drselim@gmail.com
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NR 35
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 2
PU IRANIAN SCIENTIFIC SOCIETY MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY
PI TEHRAN
PA SCHOOL PUBLIC HEALTH & INST HEALTH RESEARCH, TEHRAN UNIV MEDICAL
   SCIENCES, P O BOX  6446-14155, TEHRAN, 00000, IRAN
SN 2008-2142
EI 2008-2150
J9 IRAN J PEDIATR
JI Iran. J. Pediatr.
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 19
IS 2
BP 108
EP 116
PG 9
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA 458UK
UT WOS:000267049900002
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Krishnaveni, GV
   Yajnik, CS
AF Krishnaveni, G. V.
   Yajnik, C. S.
TI Developmental origins of diabetes-an Indian perspective
SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
LA English
DT Review
ID PUNE MATERNAL NUTRITION; BODY-MASS INDEX; INSULIN-RESISTANCE;
   BIRTH-WEIGHT; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; FETAL-GROWTH;
   NEONATAL ANTHROPOMETRY; FOLATE CONCENTRATIONS; METABOLIC SYNDROME
AB The developmental origins of health disease (DOHaD) hypothesis proposes that altered environmental influences (nutrition, metabolism, pollutants, stress and so on) during critical stages of fetal growth predisposes individuals to diabetes and other non-communicable disease in later life. This phenomenon is thought to reflect permanent effects ('programming') of unbalanced fetal development on physiological systems. Intrauterine programming may underlie the characteristic Indian 'thin-fat' phenotype and the current unprecedented epidemic of diabetes on the backdrop of multigenerational maternal undernutrition in the country. India has been at the forefront of the DOHaD research for over two decades. Both retrospective and prospective birth cohorts in India provide evidence for the role of impaired early-life nutrition on the later diabetes risk. These studies show that in a transitioning country such as India, maternal undernutrition (of micronutrients) and overnutrition (gestational diabetes) co-exist, and expose the offspring to disease risk through multiple pathways. Currently, the Indian scientists are embarking on complex mechanistic and intervention studies to find solutions for the diabetes susceptibility of this population. However, a few unresolved issues in this context warrant continued research and a cautious approach.
C1 [Krishnaveni, G. V.] CSI Holdsworth Mem Hosp, Epidemiol Res Unit, Mysore 570021, Karnataka, India.
   [Yajnik, C. S.] King Edward Mem Hosp & Res Ctr, Diabet Unit, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
RP Krishnaveni, GV (reprint author), CSI Holdsworth Mem Hosp, Epidemiol Res Unit, Mysore 570021, Karnataka, India.
EM gv.krishnaveni@gmail.com
OI Krishnaveni, Ghattu V/0000-0002-6532-8272
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NR 44
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 8
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 0954-3007
EI 1476-5640
J9 EUR J CLIN NUTR
JI Eur. J. Clin. Nutr.
PD JUL
PY 2017
VL 71
IS 7
BP 865
EP 869
DI 10.1038/ejcn.2017.87
PG 5
WC Nutrition & Dietetics
SC Nutrition & Dietetics
GA FA1DH
UT WOS:000405178900012
PM 28537579
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Lee, ACC
   Mullany, LC
   Ladhani, K
   Uddin, J
   Mitra, D
   Ahmed, P
   Christian, P
   Labrique, A
   DasGupta, SK
   Lokken, RP
   Quaiyum, M
   Baqui, AH
AF Lee, Anne C. C.
   Mullany, Luke C.
   Ladhani, Karima
   Uddin, Jamal
   Mitra, Dipak
   Ahmed, Parvez
   Christian, Parul
   Labrique, Alain
   DasGupta, Sushil K.
   Lokken, R. Peter
   Quaiyum, Mohammed
   Baqui, Abdullah H.
CA Projahnmo Study Grp
TI Validity of Newborn Clinical Assessment to Determine Gestational Age in
   Bangladesh
SO PEDIATRICS
LA English
DT Article
ID IDENTIFY SMALL BABIES; FOOT LENGTH; SYLHET DISTRICT; MENSTRUAL AGE;
   EXTRA CARE; INFANTS; COMMUNITY; BIRTH; BORN; TRIAL
AB BACKGROUND: Gestational age (GA) is frequently unknown or inaccurate in pregnancies in low-income countries. Early identification of preterm infants may help link them to potentially life-saving interventions.
   METHODS: We conducted a validation study in a community-based birth cohort in rural Bangladesh. GA was determined by pregnancy ultrasound (<20 weeks). Community health workers conducted home visits (<72 hours) to assess physical/neuromuscular signs and measure anthropometrics. The distribution, agreement, and diagnostic accuracy of different clinical methods of GA assessment were determined compared with early ultrasound dating.
   RESULTS: In the live-born cohort (n = 1066), the mean ultrasound GA was 39.1 weeks (SD 2.0) and prevalence of preterm birth (<37 weeks) was 11.4%. Among assessed newborns (n = 710), the mean ultrasound GA was 39.3 weeks (SD 1.6) (8.3% preterm) and by Ballard scoring the mean GA was 38.9 weeks (SD 1.7) (12.9% preterm). The average bias of the Ballard was -0.4 weeks; however, 95% limits of agreement were wide (-4.7 to 4.0 weeks) and the accuracy for identifying preterm infants was low (sensitivity 16%, specificity 87%). Simplified methods for GA assessment had poor diagnostic accuracy for identifying preterm births (community health worker prematurity scorecard [sensitivity/specificity: 70%/27%]; Capurro [5%/96%]; Eregie [75%/58%]; Bhagwat [18%/87%], foot length <75 mm [64%/35%]; birth weight <2500 g [54%/82%]). Neonatal anthropometrics had poor to fair performance for classifying preterm infants (areas under the receiver operating curve 0.52-0.80).
   CONCLUSIONS: Newborn clinical assessment of GA is challenging at the community level in low-resource settings. Anthropometrics are also inaccurate surrogate markers for GA in settings with high rates of fetal growth restriction.
C1 [Lee, Anne C. C.; Ladhani, Karima] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Pediat Newborn Med, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
   [Lee, Anne C. C.; Mullany, Luke C.; Mitra, Dipak; Christian, Parul; Labrique, Alain; Baqui, Abdullah H.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA.
   [Ladhani, Karima] Harvard Univ, TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Global Hlth & Populat, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
   [Uddin, Jamal] Shishu Hosp, Child Hlth Res Fdn, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
   [Ahmed, Parvez; DasGupta, Sushil K.; Quaiyum, Mohammed] Int Ctr Diarrheal Dis Res, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
   [Lokken, R. Peter] Univ Illinois Hosp & Hlth Sci Syst, Dept Radiol, Chicago, IL USA.
RP Lee, ACC (reprint author), Brigham & Womens Dept Pediat Newborn Med, 75 Francis St,Thorn 229a, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
EM alee6@partners.org
OI Lokken, R. Peter/0000-0003-1669-5188; Mitra, Dipak/0000-0001-8680-4146
FU Saving Lives at Birth Round 1 partner: US Agency for International
   Development; Saving Lives at Birth Round 1 partner: Government of
   Norway; Saving Lives at Birth Round 1 partner: Bill & Melinda Gates
   Foundation; Saving Lives at Birth Round 1 partner: Grand Challenges
   Canada; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and
   Human Development [R01 HD066156-02]; National Institutes of Health
   (NIH); World Bank
FX This study is made possible through the generous support of the Saving
   Lives at Birth Round 1 partners: the US Agency for International
   Development, the Government of Norway, the Bill & Melinda Gates
   Foundation, the World Bank, and Grand Challenges Canada. It was prepared
   by the Projahnmo research group and does not necessarily reflect the
   views of the Saving Lives at Birth Partners. The study was also funded
   by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and
   Human Development (R01 HD066156-02). Funded by the National Institutes
   of Health (NIH).
CR Anne C C Lee, 2013, P PED AC SOC ANN M M
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NR 35
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS
PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE
PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA
SN 0031-4005
EI 1098-4275
J9 PEDIATRICS
JI Pediatrics
PD JUL
PY 2016
VL 138
IS 1
AR e20153303
DI 10.1542/peds.2015-3303
PG 11
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA DP9YD
UT WOS:000378853100007
PM 27313070
OA Green Published, Bronze
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Menon, VK
   George, S
   Sarkar, R
   Giri, S
   Samuel, P
   Vivek, R
   Saravanabavan, A
   Liakath, FB
   Ramani, S
   Iturriza-Gomara, M
   Gray, JJ
   Brown, DW
   Estes, MK
   Kang, G
AF Menon, Vipin Kumar
   George, Santosh
   Sarkar, Rajiv
   Giri, Sidhartha
   Samuel, Prasanna
   Vivek, Rosario
   Saravanabavan, Anuradha
   Liakath, Farzana Begum
   Ramani, Sasirekha
   Iturriza-Gomara, Miren
   Gray, James J.
   Brown, David W.
   Estes, Mary K.
   Kang, Gagandeep
TI Norovirus Gastroenteritis in a Birth Cohort in Southern India
SO PLOS ONE
LA English
DT Article
ID BLOOD GROUP ANTIGENS; NORWALK VIRUS-INFECTION; GENETIC DIVERSITY; ACUTE
   DIARRHEA; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; HUMAN CALICIVIRUSES;
   UNITED-STATES; CHILDREN; ROTAVIRUS; DISEASE
AB Background
   Noroviruses are an important cause of gastroenteritis but little is known about disease and re-infection rates in community settings in Asia.
   Methods
   Disease, re-infection rates, strain prevalence and genetic susceptibility to noroviruses were investigated in a birth cohort of 373 Indian children followed up for three years. Stool samples from 1856 diarrheal episodes and 147 vomiting only episodes were screened for norovirus by RT-PCR. Norovirus positivity was correlated with clinical data, secretor status and ABO blood group.
   Results
   Of 1856 diarrheal episodes, 207 (11.2%) were associated with norovirus, of which 49(2.6%) were norovirus GI, 150(8.1%) norovirus GII, and 8 (0.4%) were mixed infections with both norovirus GI and GII. Of the 147 vomiting only episodes, 30 (20.4%) were positive for norovirus in stool, of which 7 (4.8%) were norovirus GI and 23 (15.6%) GII. At least a third of the children developed norovirus associated diarrhea, with the first episode at a median age of 5 and 8 months for norovirus GI and GII, respectively. Norovirus GI. 3 and GII. 4 were the predominant genotypes (40.3% and 53.0%) with strain diversity and change in the predominant sub-cluster over time observed among GII viruses. A second episode of norovirus gastroenteritis was documented in 44/174 (25.3%) ever-infected children. Children with the G428A homozygous mutation for inactivation of the FUT2 enzyme (se(428)se(428)) were at a significantly lower risk (48/190) of infection with norovirus (p = 0.01).
   Conclusions
   This is the first report of norovirus documenting disease, re-infection and genetic susceptibility in an Asian birth cohort. The high incidence and apparent lack of genogroupII specific immunity indicate the need for careful studies on further characterization of strains, asymptomatic infection and shedding and immune response to further our understanding of norovirus infection and disease.
C1 [Menon, Vipin Kumar; George, Santosh; Sarkar, Rajiv; Giri, Sidhartha; Vivek, Rosario; Saravanabavan, Anuradha; Liakath, Farzana Begum; Ramani, Sasirekha; Kang, Gagandeep] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Gastrointestinal Sci, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [Samuel, Prasanna] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Biostat, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [Iturriza-Gomara, Miren; Gray, James J.; Brown, David W.] Hlth Protect Agcy, Ctr Infect, Virus Reference Dept, London, England.
   [Estes, Mary K.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol Virol & Microbiol, Houston, TX 77030 USA.
   [Menon, Vipin Kumar] Univ Texas Houston, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030 USA.
   [Ramani, Sasirekha] Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA.
   [Iturriza-Gomara, Miren] Inst Infect & Global Hlth, Liverpool, Merseyside, England.
   [Gray, James J.] Norwich Med Sch, Norwich, Norfolk, England.
RP Kang, G (reprint author), Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Gastrointestinal Sci, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
EM gkang@cmcvellore.ac.in
OI Menon, Vipin/0000-0001-7404-678X
FU Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) [18/11/23/2006-ECD-I]
FX This study was supported by the Indian Council of Medical Research
   (ICMR), award number: 18/11/23/2006-ECD-I, grant recipient: Gagandeep
   Kang (http://icmr.nic.in/projects/projectsanc07-09.htm). The funders had
   no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to
   publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
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   Pang XL, 2010, PLOS ONE, V5, DOI DOI 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0011599
   Parashar UD, 2004, J INFECT DIS, V190, P1088, DOI 10.1086/423324
   Rachakonda G, 2008, J CLIN VIROL, V43, P42, DOI 10.1016/j.jcv.2008.05.006
   Ramani S, 2009, CURR OPIN INFECT DIS, V22, P477, DOI 10.1097/QCO.0b013e328330662f
   Reeck A, 2010, J INFECT DIS, V202, P1212, DOI 10.1086/656364
   Ribeiro LR, 2008, MEM I OSWALDO CRUZ, V103, P201, DOI 10.1590/S0074-02762008000200013
   Rockx BHG, 2005, J INFECT DIS, V191, P749, DOI 10.1086/427779
   Saito M, 2013, CLIN INFECT DIS
   Shioda K, 2015, VACCINE, V33, P4065, DOI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.05.051
   Shirato H, 2011, JPN J INFECT DIS, V64, P95
   Siebenga JJ, 2009, J INFECT DIS, V200, P802, DOI 10.1086/605127
   Thorven M, 2005, J VIROL, V79, P15351, DOI 10.1128/JVI.79.24.15351-15355.2005
   Trainor E, 2013, J MED VIROL, V85, P1299, DOI 10.1002/jmv.23589
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NR 62
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 5
PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA
SN 1932-6203
J9 PLOS ONE
JI PLoS One
PD JUN 10
PY 2016
VL 11
IS 6
AR e0157007
DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0157007
PG 18
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA DO1UG
UT WOS:000377564000035
PM 27284939
OA DOAJ Gold, Green Published
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Premkumar, P
   Lopman, B
   Ramani, S
   Paul, A
   Gladstone, B
   Muliyil, J
   Mukhopadhya, I
   Parashar, U
   Kang, G
AF Premkumar, Prasanna
   Lopman, Ben
   Ramani, Sasirekha
   Paul, Anu
   Gladstone, Beryl
   Muliyil, Jayaprakash
   Mukhopadhya, Indrani
   Parashar, Umesh
   Kang, Gagandeep
TI Association of serum antibodies with protection against rotavirus
   infection and disease in South Indian children
SO VACCINE
LA English
DT Article
DE Antibody; Immunity; Protection; Rotavirus; Diarrhea
ID BIRTH COHORT; VACCINES; DIARRHEA; VACCINATION; RESPONSES
AB Serum antibodies play an important role in natural protection from rotavirus infection and disease, but conflicting estimates of association have emerged from epidemiological studies in different geographical settings. In this study, we aim to assess the relationship between pre-existing serum immunoglobulin (Ig)G and IgA titers with protection against rotavirus infection and disease in a birth cohort of Indian children. Children were recruited at birth and followed up for 36 months. Stool samples were collected every 2 weeks and during episodes of diarrhea and serum samples were obtained at least every 6 months. The incidence rate of rotavirus infection and diarrhea was 0.9 (95% CI: 0.88, 0.99) and 0.2 (95% Cl: 0.19, 0.25) episodes per child year, respectively. The risk of rotavirus infection and diarrhea decreased with age, while antibody titers (IgG and IgA) increased with age. After adjusting for age and number of previous infections, higher levels of IgG and IgA were independently associated with reduced risk of rotavirus infection. However, we did not find a clear association of IgG or IgA with rotavirus diarrhea risk or a threshold level of protection. The study supports a correlation of serum antibodies in reducing the risk of rotavirus infections, however the potential of serum antibody titer as a correlate of protection is not clear for children in lower income settings. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Premkumar, Prasanna; Lopman, Ben; Parashar, Umesh] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   [Premkumar, Prasanna; Ramani, Sasirekha; Paul, Anu; Gladstone, Beryl; Muliyil, Jayaprakash; Mukhopadhya, Indrani; Kang, Gagandeep] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Div Gastrointestinal Sci, Wellcome Trust Res Lab, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India.
RP Lopman, B (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS-G04, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
EM blopman@cdc.gov
OI Premkumar, Prasanna/0000-0002-7157-4138; Mukhopadhya,
   Indrani/0000-0003-2577-518X
CR Brown KA, 2000, J INFECT DIS, V182, P1039, DOI 10.1086/315808
   Cherian T, 2012, VACCINE, V30, P3
   CLEMENS JD, 1992, J INFECT DIS, V165, P161, DOI 10.1093/infdis/165.1.161
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NR 20
TC 8
Z9 9
U1 1
U2 5
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0264-410X
EI 1873-2518
J9 VACCINE
JI Vaccine
PD AUG 11
PY 2014
VL 32
SU 1
BP A55
EP A61
DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.04.077
PG 7
WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental
SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine
GA AO0CU
UT WOS:000340977500013
PM 25091682
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Rupa, V
   Isaac, R
   Manoharan, A
   Jalagandeeswaran, R
   Thenmozhi, M
AF Rupa, V.
   Isaac, Rita
   Manoharan, Anand
   Jalagandeeswaran, R.
   Thenmozhi, M.
TI Risk factors for upper respiratory infection in the first year of life
   in a birth cohort
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 11th International Congress of the
   European-Society-of-Pediatric-Otorhinolaryngology (ESPO)
CY MAY 20-23, 2012
CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS
SP European Soc Pediat Otorhinolaryngol
DE Birth cohort; Upper respiratory infection; Risk factors; Nasopharyngeal
   colonization; S. pneumoniae
ID STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; TRACT INFECTIONS; NASOPHARYNGEAL COLONIZATION;
   YOUNG-CHILDREN; MORBIDITY; INFANTS; CARRIAGE
AB Objectives: Despite being one of the commonest causes of morbidity among infants, there are no reliable data on the incidence and risk factors of upper respiratory infection among Indian infants. Accordingly, we aimed to study the incidence and age related prevalence, socio-demographic risk factors and association between upper respiratory infection and nasopharyngeal colonization with Streptococcus pneumoniae in the first year of life among rural Indian infants.
   Methods: A birth cohort of 210 babies was evaluated monthly with nasopharyngeal swabbing to note the frequency of upper respiratory infection and carriage rate with S. pneumoniae. Data on 11 potential risk factors were noted and subjected to statistical analysis.
   Results: Upper respiratory infection episodes commenced within a few weeks of life and increased in frequency with age, peaking at 72% in the 9th month. There were 747 episodes of upper respiratory infection overall (6.1 episodes per child-year follow up). The prevalence was maximum in the winter months (65%). There were 3 significant risk factors for upper respiratory infection in the first year of life, i.e., winter season (OR = 1.86; 95% CI = 1.4-3.5), nasopharyngeal colonization with S. pneumoniae (OR = 1.34; 95% CI = 1.1-1.7) and parental occupation (OR = 1.37; 95% CI = 1.1-1.8). The OR were adjusted for other covariates like sex of the child, parents' education, type of house, birth weight, number of family members, passive smoking, use of firewood for cooking and water source.
   Conclusions. Seasonal predilection in winter, nasopharyngeal colonization with S. pneumoniae and parental occupation (poor socioeconomic status) are the most important risk factors for upper respiratory infection among rural Indian infants. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Rupa, V.] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept ENT, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [Isaac, Rita] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Community Hlth, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [Manoharan, Anand; Jalagandeeswaran, R.] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Med Unit & Infect Dis 1, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [Thenmozhi, M.] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Biostat, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
RP Rupa, V (reprint author), Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept ENT, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India.
EM rupavedantam@cmcvellore.ac.in
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NR 21
TC 8
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 5
PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD
PI CLARE
PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000,
   IRELAND
SN 0165-5876
EI 1872-8464
J9 INT J PEDIATR OTORHI
JI Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol.
PD DEC
PY 2012
VL 76
IS 12
BP 1835
EP 1839
DI 10.1016/j.ijporl.2012.09.013
PG 5
WC Otorhinolaryngology; Pediatrics
SC Otorhinolaryngology; Pediatrics
GA 050KV
UT WOS:000312053100027
PM 23031180
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Sarkar, R
   Ajjampur, SSR
   Muliyil, J
   Ward, H
   Naumova, EN
   Kang, G
AF Sarkar, Rajiv
   Ajjampur, Sitara Swarna Rao
   Muliyil, Jayaprakash
   Ward, Honorine
   Naumova, Elena N.
   Kang, Gagandeep
TI Serum IgG Responses and Seroconversion Patterns to Cryptosporidium gp15
   among Children in a Birth Cohort in South India
SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID ANTIBODY-RESPONSES; PARVUM INFECTION; NORTHEAST BRAZIL; RISK-FACTORS;
   PERUVIAN CHILDREN; URBAN-COMMUNITY; BEDOUIN INFANTS; GUINEA-BISSAU;
   WEST-AFRICA; DIARRHEA
AB The correlates of protective immunity to cryptosporidiosis are not well understood. This study was conducted to assess the effect of maternal serum IgG against Cryptosporidium gp15 on responses to this antigen in children with (cases) and without (controls) PCR-confirmed cryptosporidial diarrhea. Maternal sera (n = 129) and sera from cases (n = 39) and controls (n = 90) collected at 3.5, 9, and 24 months of age were tested for serum IgG against Cryptosporidium gp15 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Seroconversion patterns were evaluated by estimating probabilities of seroconversion along three time points based on the transition pathways by using a first-order Markov chain process and empirical Bayesian estimates. There was no difference in serum IgG levels or seropositivity rates to gp15 between cases and controls across all time points in children or in IgG levels to this antigen between mothers of cases and controls. The most common transition pathway can be described as a seronegative child at 3.5 months who seroconverts at 9 months and remains seropositive at 24 months. This pattern remained stable irrespective of the serological status of the mother or the case or control status of the child. Children were most likely to be exposed to Cryptosporidium for the first time between the ages of 3 and 9 months, and most of the children seroconverted by 24 months. The high degree of seroconversion among control children is suggestive of high rates of asymptomatic transmission in this region.
C1 [Sarkar, Rajiv; Ajjampur, Sitara Swarna Rao; Ward, Honorine; Naumova, Elena N.; Kang, Gagandeep] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Gastrointestinal Sci, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [Muliyil, Jayaprakash] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Community Hlth, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [Ward, Honorine] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Tufts Med Ctr, Div Geog Med & Infect Dis, Boston, MA 02111 USA.
   [Naumova, Elena N.] Tufts Univ, Sch Engn, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Medford, MA 02155 USA.
RP Kang, G (reprint author), Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Gastrointestinal Sci, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
EM gkang@cmcvellore.ac.in
OI Kang, Gagandeep/0000-0002-3656-564X; Naumova, Elena/0000-0002-9562-4734
FU National Institutes of Health [FIC R03 TW2711, NIAID R01 AI52786, R01
   AI072222]; Wellcome Trust Trilateral Initiative for Infectious Diseases
   [063144]; FIC [D43 TW007392]
FX This work was supported by National Institutes of Health grants FIC R03
   TW2711 (H. W.), NIAID R01 AI52786 (H. W.), and R01 AI072222 (H. W.). The
   birth cohort study was supported by Wellcome Trust Trilateral Initiative
   for Infectious Diseases grant no. 063144 (G. K). S. S. R. A. and R. S.
   were supported by FIC training grant D43 TW007392 (G.K.).
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NR 60
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA
SN 1556-6811
J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL
JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 19
IS 6
BP 849
EP 854
DI 10.1128/CVI.00051-12
PG 6
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
GA 983HN
UT WOS:000307110500004
PM 22518011
OA Bronze, Green Published
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Jehan, I
   McClure, EM
   Salat, S
   Rizvi, S
   Pasha, O
   Harris, H
   Moss, N
   Goldenberg, RL
AF Jehan, Imtiaz
   McClure, Elizabeth M.
   Salat, Sohail
   Rizvi, Sameera
   Pasha, Omrana
   Harris, Hillary
   Moss, Nancy
   Goldenberg, Robert L.
TI Stillbirths in an urban community in Pakistan
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 27th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Maternal-Fetal-Medicine
CY FEB 05-10, 2007
CL San Francisco, CA
SP Soc Maternal Fetal Med
DE developing country; obstetric care; stillbirth
ID MATERNAL MORTALITY; PERINATAL-MORTALITY; OBSTETRIC CARE; SERVICES;
   BIRTH; NEWBORN; DEATHS; ACCESS; LEVEL
AB OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine stillbirth risk factors and gestational age at delivery in a prospective developing country birth cohort.
   STUDY DESIGN: At 20-26 weeks of gestation, 1369 Pakistani women were prospectively enrolled in the study; the gestational age was determined by ultrasound evaluation, and risk factors and pregnancy outcomes were assessed.
   RESULTS: The stillbirth rate was 33.6 of 1000 births, despite the fact that 96% of the women received prenatal care, 83% of the women were attended by skilled providers in the hospital, and a 20% of the women underwent cesarean delivery. Fifty-one percent of stillbirths occurred at >= 37 weeks of gestation and 19% occurred from 34-36 weeks of gestation. Only 4% of the births had congenital anomalies. Hemoglobin of <8 g/dL, vaginal bleeding, and preeclampsia were associated with increased stillbirth risk.
   CONCLUSION: In this developing country with reasonable technical resources defined by hospital delivery and a high cesarean delivery rate, stillbirth rates were much higher than rates in the United States. That most of the stillbirths were term and did not have congenital anomalies and that the death appeared to be recent suggests that many Pakistani stillbirths may be preventable with higher quality obstetric care.
C1 Aga Khan Univ, Karachi, Pakistan.
   RTI Int, Durham, NC USA.
   NICHD, Rockville, MD USA.
   Drexel Univ, Coll Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
RP Jehan, I (reprint author), Aga Khan Univ, Karachi, Pakistan.
FU NICHD NIH HHS [U01 HD040636, U01 HD040607, U01 HD040607-07]
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NR 22
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 0
PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 0002-9378
J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL
JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol.
PD SEP
PY 2007
VL 197
IS 3
AR 257.e1
DI 10.1016/j.ajog.2007.07.012
PG 8
WC Obstetrics & Gynecology
SC Obstetrics & Gynecology
GA 211NU
UT WOS:000249531300012
PM 17826410
OA Green Accepted
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Alam, MM
   Saleem, AF
   Shaikh, AS
   Munir, O
   Qadir, M
AF Alam, Muhammad Matloob
   Saleem, Ali Faisal
   Shaikh, Abdul Sattar
   Munir, Owais
   Qadir, Maqbool
TI Neonatal sepsis following prolonged rupture of membranes in a tertiary
   care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan
SO JOURNAL OF INFECTION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
LA English
DT Article
DE neonatal sepsis; prolonged rupture of membranes; blood culture;
   prematurity
ID PRETERM PREMATURE RUPTURE; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; ANTIBIOTIC-THERAPY;
   INFECTION; MORTALITY; MANAGEMENT; MORBIDITY; CHORIOAMNIONITIS;
   EPIDEMIOLOGY; SEPTICEMIA
AB Introduction: Prolonged rupture of membrane (PROM) is an important risk factor for early onset neonatal sepsis (EONS), which is associated with increased neonatal morbidity and mortality. We reported the incidence and associated risk factors of PROM for culture-proven EONS.
   Methodology: The medical records of all neonates born at Aga Khan University, Karachi over a period of five years (2007-2011) with PROM (> 18 hours) were reviewed. Data about maternal and neonatal risk factors for EONS was collected and adjusted logistic regression (AOR) analysis was applied.
   Results: Incidence of PROM in this neonatal birth cohort was 27/1,000 live births. A total of 17 (4%) cases with blood-culture proven bacterial sepsis were identified within 72 hours of birth. Klebsiella pneumonia (n = 5; 29%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 4; 24%) were the commonest isolates followed by group B Streptococcus (n = 3; 18%) and Escherichia coli (n = 2; 12%). Maternal fever (p = < 0.001; AOR, 36.6), chorioamnionitis (p < 0.001; AOR, 4.1), PROM > 48 hr. (p < 0.001; AOR, 8.2), neonatal prematurity < 34 weeks (p < 0.001; AOR, 4.1) and low birth weight < 1,500 grams (p 0.001; AOR, 9.8) along with neonatal thrombocytopenia and raised CRP were found to be independent risk factors associated with culture-proven EONS in PROM.
   Conclusions: Preventive measures should focus on recognition of these high-risk infants with prompt laboratory screening for sepsis and early institution of empirical antibiotic based on local data. Such approaches would be a safe and cost-effective strategy, especially in developing countries.
C1 [Alam, Muhammad Matloob; Saleem, Ali Faisal; Shaikh, Abdul Sattar; Munir, Owais; Qadir, Maqbool] Aga Khan Univ, Dept Pediat & Child Hlth, Karachi 74800, Pakistan.
RP Alam, MM (reprint author), Aga Khan Univ, Dept Paediat & Child Hlth, Stadium Rd,POB 3500, Karachi 74800, Pakistan.
EM dr.matloobalam@hotmail.com
FU National Institute of Health's Fogarty International Center [1 D43
   TW007585-01]
FX Dr. Ali Faisal Saleem received research training support from the
   National Institute of Health's Fogarty International Center (1 D43
   TW007585-01).
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NR 37
TC 7
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 4
PU J INFECTION DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
PI TRAMANIGLIO
PA JIDC CENT OFF PORTO CONTE RICERCHE RES CTR, S P 55, PORTO CONTE CAPO
   CACCIA KM 8.400 LOC, TRAMANIGLIO, 07041, ITALY
SN 1972-2680
J9 J INFECT DEV COUNTR
JI J. Infect. Dev. Ctries.
PD JAN
PY 2014
VL 8
IS 1
BP 67
EP 73
DI 10.3855/jidc.3136
PG 7
WC Infectious Diseases
SC Infectious Diseases
GA AM4VG
UT WOS:000339853700009
PM 24423714
OA Other Gold
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Horta, BL
   Bas, A
   Bhargava, SK
   Fall, CHD
   Feranil, A
   de Kadt, J
   Martorell, R
   Richter, LM
   Stein, AD
   Victora, CG
AF Horta, Bernardo L.
   Bas, Abet
   Bhargava, Santosh K.
   Fall, Caroline H. D.
   Feranil, Alan
   de Kadt, Julia
   Martorell, Reynaldo
   Richter, Linda M.
   Stein, Aryeh D.
   Victora, Cesar G.
CA COHORTS Grp
TI Infant Feeding and School Attainment in Five Cohorts from Low- and
   Middle-Income Countries
SO PLOS ONE
LA English
DT Article
ID COGNITIVE-DEVELOPMENT; BIRTH COHORT; CHILD-DEVELOPMENT; YOUNG ADULTHOOD;
   RISK-FACTORS; INTELLIGENCE; OUTCOMES; PROFILE; LIFE; DURATION
AB Background: Performance in intelligence tests tends to be higher among individuals breastfed as infants, but little is known about the association between breastfeeding and achieved schooling. We assessed the association of infant feeding with school achievement in five cohorts from low- and middle-income countries. Unlike high-income country settings where most previous studies come from, breastfeeding is not positively associated with socioeconomic position in our cohorts, thus reducing the likelihood of a spurious positive association.
   Methodology and Principal Findings: Participants included 10,082 young adults from five birth cohorts (Brazil, India, Guatemala, the Philippines, and South Africa). The exposures variables were whether the subject was ever breastfed, total duration of breastfeeding, and age at introduction of complementary foods. We adjusted the estimates for age at follow up, sex, maternal age, smoking during pregnancy, birthweight and socioeconomic position at birth. The key outcome was the highest grade achieved at school. In unadjusted analyses, the association between ever breastfeeding and schooling was positive in Brazil, inverse in the Philippines, and null in South Africa; in adjusted analyses, these associations were attenuated. In Brazil, schooling was highest among individuals breastfed for 3-12 months whereas in the Philippines duration of breastfeeding was inversely associated with schooling; and null associations were observed in South Africa and Guatemala. These associations were attenuated in adjusted models. Late introduction of solid foods was associated with lower schooling achievement in Brazil and South Africa.
   Conclusion: Measures of breastfeeding are not consistently related to schooling achievement in contemporary cohorts of young adults in lower and middle-income countries.
C1 [Horta, Bernardo L.; Victora, Cesar G.] Univ Fed Pelotas, Postgrad Programme Epidemiol, Pelotas, Brazil.
   [Bas, Abet; Feranil, Alan] Univ San Carlos, Off Populat Studies Fdn, Cebu, Philippines.
   [Bhargava, Santosh K.] Sunderlal Jain Hosp, New Delhi, India.
   [Fall, Caroline H. D.] Univ Southampton, MRC Lifecourse Epidemiol Unit, Southampton, Hants, England.
   [de Kadt, Julia; Richter, Linda M.] Univ Witwatersrand, Dev Pathways Hlth Res Unit, Johannesburg, South Africa.
   [Martorell, Reynaldo; Stein, Aryeh D.] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Hubert Dept Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.
   [Richter, Linda M.] Human Sci Res Council, Pretoria, South Africa.
RP Horta, BL (reprint author), Univ Fed Pelotas, Postgrad Programme Epidemiol, Pelotas, Brazil.
EM blhorta@gmail.com
RI Hallal, Pedro/A-3249-2011; Victora, Cesar/D-4476-2013; Epidemiologicas,
   Centro de pesquisas/D-4561-2013; Horta, Bernardo/A-7604-2008
OI Hallal, Pedro/0000-0003-1470-6461; Victora, Cesar/0000-0002-2465-2180;
   Horta, Bernardo/0000-0001-9843-412X; de Kadt, Julia/0000-0002-8063-8914;
   Stein, Aryeh/0000-0003-1138-6458; Osmond, Clive/0000-0002-9054-4655
FU Wellcome Trust (U.K.); Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation; INTCS
   (Guatemala) United States National Institutes of Health (NIH); United
   States National Science Foundation; Pelotas Birth Cohort (Brazil)
   Wellcome Trust; New Delhi Birth Cohort Study (India) Indian Council of
   Medical Research; United States National Center for Health Statistics;
   Medical Research Council (U.K.); British Heart Foundation; BTT (South
   Africa) Wellcome Trust; Human Sciences Research Council; South African
   Medical Research Council; South-African Netherlands Programme on
   Alternative Development; Anglo American Chairman's Fund; University of
   the Witwatersrand; CLHNS (the Philippines) NIH; Medical Research Council
   [MC_UU_12011/3, MC_UP_A620_1016]
FX COHORTS is supported by Wellcome Trust (U.K.) and the Bill and Melinda
   Gates Foundation. Funding for the individual cohorts was as follows:
   INTCS (Guatemala) United States National Institutes of Health (NIH) and
   United States National Science Foundation; Pelotas Birth Cohort (Brazil)
   Wellcome Trust; New Delhi Birth Cohort Study (India) Indian Council of
   Medical Research, United States National Center for Health Statistics,
   Medical Research Council (U.K.), and British Heart Foundation; BTT
   (South Africa) Wellcome Trust, Human Sciences Research Council, South
   African Medical Research Council, South-African Netherlands Programme on
   Alternative Development, Anglo American Chairman's Fund, and University
   of the Witwatersrand; and CLHNS (the Philippines) NIH. The funders had
   no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to
   publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
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NR 36
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 15
PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA
SN 1932-6203
J9 PLOS ONE
JI PLoS One
PD AUG 20
PY 2013
VL 8
IS 8
AR e71548
DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0071548
PG 9
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 219RU
UT WOS:000324527300022
PM 23977075
OA DOAJ Gold, Green Published
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Menon, VK
   George, S
   Shanti, AA
   Saravanabavan, A
   Samuel, P
   Ramani, S
   Estes, MK
   Kang, G
AF Menon, Vipin Kumar
   George, Santosh
   Shanti, Aruna A.
   Saravanabavan, Anuradha
   Samuel, Prasanna
   Ramani, Sasirekha
   Estes, Mary K.
   Kang, Gagandeep
TI Exposure to Human and Bovine Noroviruses in a Birth Cohort in Southern
   India from 2002 to 2006
SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID NORWALK-LIKE VIRUSES; LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAYS; ENTERIC
   CALICIVIRUSES; MEXICO VIRUS; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION;
   ANTIBODY-RESPONSES; CAPSID ANTIGEN; RISK-FACTORS; GENOGROUP-I;
   PREVALENCE
AB Human and bovine norovirus virus-like particles were used to evaluate antibodies in Indian children at ages 6 and 36 months and their mothers. Antibodies to genogroup II viruses were acquired early and were more prevalent than antibodies to genogroup I. Low levels of IgG antibodies against bovine noroviruses indicate possible zoonotic transmission.
C1 [Menon, Vipin Kumar; George, Santosh; Shanti, Aruna A.; Saravanabavan, Anuradha; Kang, Gagandeep] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Gastrointestinal Sci, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [Samuel, Prasanna] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Biostat, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [Ramani, Sasirekha; Estes, Mary K.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol Virol & Microbiol, Houston, TX 77030 USA.
RP Kang, G (reprint author), Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Gastrointestinal Sci, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
EM gkang@cmcvellore.ac.in
OI Menon, Vipin/0000-0001-7404-678X; Kang, Gagandeep/0000-0002-3656-564X
FU National Institutes of Health [RO3TW007764-A1, D43 TW007392]; Indian
   Council of Medical Research [18/11/23/2006-ECD-I]
FX This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health
   (RO3TW007764-A1 to M. K. E.) and the Indian Council of Medical Research
   (18/11/23/2006-ECD-I to G. K.). V. K. M. was supported for travel and
   training by a National Institutes of Health Global Infectious Disease
   Research Training grant (D43 TW007392 to G.K.).
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NR 40
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 1
U2 4
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA
SN 0095-1137
J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL
JI J. Clin. Microbiol.
PD JUL
PY 2013
VL 51
IS 7
BP 2391
EP 2395
DI 10.1128/JCM.01015-13
PG 5
WC Microbiology
SC Microbiology
GA 166YB
UT WOS:000320595800056
PM 23616452
OA Bronze, Green Published
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Praveen, PA
   Roy, A
   Prabhakaran, D
AF Praveen, Pradeep A.
   Roy, Ambuj
   Prabhakaran, Dorairaj
TI Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: A Childhood Perspective
SO INDIAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Cardiovascular disease; Atherosclerosis; Childhood risk factors of
   atherosclerosis; Childhood obesity; Hypertension; Primordial prevention
ID INTIMA-MEDIA THICKNESS; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; LEFT-VENTRICULAR
   HYPERTROPHY; ELEVATED BLOOD-PRESSURE; DELHI BIRTH COHORT; BODY-MASS
   INDEX; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; CAROTID-ARTERY; YOUNG FINNS;
   MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION
AB Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide including in developing countries like India. Indians are known to be predisposed to CVD, which occur almost a decade earlier in them. Though these diseases manifest in the middle age and beyond, it is now clear that the roots of CVD lie in childhood and adolescence. Many of the conventional risk factors of CVD such as high blood pressure, dyslipidemia, tobacco use, unhealthy diet and obesity have their beginnings in childhood and then track overtime. It is thus important to screen and identify these risk factors early and treat them to prevent onset of CVD. Similarly community based strategies to prevent onset of these risk factors is imperative to tackle this burgeoning public health crisis especially in countries like ours with limited resources.
C1 [Praveen, Pradeep A.] All India Inst Med Sci, Dept Endocrinol & Metab, New Delhi, India.
   [Praveen, Pradeep A.; Roy, Ambuj] Ctr Chron Dis Control, Safdarjung Dev Area, New Delhi 110016, India.
   [Roy, Ambuj] All India Inst Med Sci, Dept Cardiol, Cardiothorac Sci Ctr, New Delhi, India.
   [Prabhakaran, Dorairaj] Publ Hlth Fdn India, Ctr Chron Dis Control, New Delhi, India.
   [Prabhakaran, Dorairaj] Publ Hlth Fdn India, Ctr Excellence Cardiometab Risk Reduct South Asia, New Delhi, India.
RP Prabhakaran, D (reprint author), Ctr Chron Dis Control, Safdarjung Dev Area, C1-52, New Delhi 110016, India.
EM dprabhakaran@ccdcindia.org
OI Prabhakaran, Dorairaj/0000-0002-3172-834X
FU National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health
   (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services [HHSN268200900026C];
   United Health Group, Minneapolis, Mn, USA; Eunice Kennedy Shriver
   National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (NICHD)
   [1D43HD05249]; Fogarty International Centre; European Commission
   [241849]
FX D Prabhakaran (Corresponding Author) is supported with Federal funds
   from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes
   of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services, under Contract
   No.HHSN268200900026C, and the United Health Group, Minneapolis, Mn, USA;
   D43 NCDs in India Training Program (Award Number 1D43HD05249) from the
   Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human
   Development (NICHD) and Fogarty International Centre; and The European
   Commission Grant (Grant Award number 241849).
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NR 65
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 1
U2 5
PU SPRINGER INDIA
PI NEW DELHI
PA 7TH FLOOR, VIJAYA BUILDING, 17, BARAKHAMBA ROAD, NEW DELHI, 110 001,
   INDIA
SN 0019-5456
EI 0973-7693
J9 INDIAN J PEDIATR
JI Indian J. Pediatr.
PD MAR
PY 2013
VL 80
SU 1
BP S3
EP S12
DI 10.1007/s12098-012-0767-z
PG 10
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA 247HC
UT WOS:000326607100002
PM 22638996
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Banerjee, I
   Gladstone, BP
   Iturriza-Gomara, M
   Gray, JJ
   Brown, DW
   Kang, G
AF Banerjee, Indrani
   Gladstone, Beryl Primrose
   Iturriza-Gomara, Miren
   Gray, James J.
   Brown, David W.
   Kang, Gagandeep
TI Evidence of intrafamilial transmission of rotavirus in a birth cohort in
   South India
SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE rotavirus; intrafamilial transmission; phylogenetic analysis
ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; HEPATITIS-C VIRUS; GROUP-A ROTAVIRUS;
   DAY-CARE; INFECTION; CHILDREN; DIARRHEA; GASTROENTERITIS; SPREAD; ADULTS
AB Transmission of rotavirus infection was studied in a birth cohort of children based in an urban slum in Vellore and their familial contacts. Contemporaneous samples from index patients and their familial contacts were collected for analysis in three different settings. Firstly, samples were collected from familial contacts during a period of rotavirus infection in children from the cohort. Secondly, on occasions when a family member had rotavirus diarrhea, samples from the cohort child were taken for analysis. Lastly, asymptomatic surveillance samples collected at predetermined time points from both the cohort child and familial contacts were analyzed. From 560 samples collected from family members during symptomatic and asymptomatic rotavirus infections in these children, three rotavirus transmissions were identified, accounting for a secondary attack rate of 0.54%. In four instances of rotavirus diarrhea in a family member, one infection was transmitted to the cohort child. Nucleotide sequence and phylogenetic analysis demonstrated a high degree of similarity in all these pairs ranging between 99% and 100% at both the nucleotide and the deduced amino acid levels, highly suggestive of person-to-person transmission of rotavirus infection. There was complete concordance of rotavirus genotyping between these pairs. No transmission events were noted from 14 asymptomatic rotavirus infections identified during routine surveillance of family members. This study is the first to use phylogenetic analysis to study the intrafamilial spread of rotavirus infection.
C1 [Banerjee, Indrani; Gladstone, Beryl Primrose; Kang, Gagandeep] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Gastrointestinal Sci, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [Iturriza-Gomara, Miren; Gray, James J.; Brown, David W.] Hlth Protect Agcy, Virus Reference Dept, Ctr Infect, London, England.
RP Kang, G (reprint author), Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Gastrointestinal Sci, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India.
EM gkang@cmcvellore.ac.in
RI Iturriza Gomara, Miren/B-4351-2013
OI Iturriza Gomara, Miren/0000-0001-5816-6423; Mukhopadhya,
   Indrani/0000-0003-2577-518X; Kang, Gagandeep/0000-0002-3656-564X
FU Wellcome Trust [063144]
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NR 36
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 1
PU WILEY
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0146-6615
EI 1096-9071
J9 J MED VIROL
JI J. Med. Virol.
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 80
IS 10
BP 1858
EP 1863
DI 10.1002/jmv.21263
PG 6
WC Virology
SC Virology
GA 341SE
UT WOS:000258734400026
PM 18712810
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Saleemi, MA
   Zaman, S
   Akhtar, HZ
   Jalil, F
   Ashraf, RN
   Hanson, LA
   Mellander, L
AF Saleemi, MA
   Zaman, S
   Akhtar, HZ
   Jalil, F
   Ashraf, RN
   Hanson, LA
   Mellander, L
TI Feeding patterns, diarrhoeal illness and linear growth in 0-24-month-old
   children
SO JOURNAL OF TROPICAL PEDIATRICS
LA English
DT Article
ID PRIMARY HEALTH-CARE; YOUNG-CHILDREN; IMPACT; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY;
   DISEASES; INTERVENTIONS; MANAGEMENT; PNEUMONIA; INFANTS
AB The aim was to study the impact of simple healthcare interventions in 0-24-month-old children living in rural communities outside Lahore, Pakistan. Newborns belonging to four birth cohorts were followed monthly from 0-24 months of age living in rural communities. Three cohorts were from the same village: Cohort A (1984-1987), n = 485; Cohort B (1990-1992), n = 544; and Cohort C (1995-1997), n = 518. A fourth, Cohort D, was from neighbouring villages (1995-1997), n = 444. Findings from Cohort A formed the basis of a healthcare programme, including promotion of optimal breastfeeding practices, advice on oral rehydration therapy, and continued feeding during diarrhoea. The outcome measures studied were time of initiation of breastfeeding, feeding of prelacteals, exclusive breastfeeding, diarrhoeal illnesses, and postnatal linear growth. The median time of initiation of breastfeeding decreased from 47 to 3 h and exclusive breastfeeding increased from 5 per cent in Cohort A to more than 80 per cent in the subsequent cohorts, at 1 month of age. No prelacteals were given to 34 per cent of newborns in later cohorts compared with 100 per cent in Cohort A. Diarrhoeal illnesses during the first 6 months had reduced significantly.Postnatal linear growth improved by about 3 cm in the later cohorts. Appropriate changes in breastfeeding practices through integrated and focused healthcare, especially antenatally, can reduce diarrhoeal illnesses, and sustain and improve linear growth in young children.
C1 King Edward Med Coll, Dept Social & Prevent Paediat, Lahore, Pakistan.
   Univ Gothenburg, Dept Clin Immunol, Gothenburg, Sweden.
   Univ Gothenburg, Dept Paediat, Gothenburg, Sweden.
RP Zaman, S (reprint author), King Edward Med Coll, Dept Social & Prevent Paediat, Lahore, Pakistan.
EM shakilaz@hotmail.com
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NR 20
TC 7
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 2
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 0142-6338
EI 1465-3664
J9 J TROP PEDIATRICS
JI J. Trop. Pediatr.
PD JUN
PY 2004
VL 50
IS 3
BP 164
EP 169
DI 10.1093/tropej/50.3.164
PG 6
WC Pediatrics; Tropical Medicine
SC Pediatrics; Tropical Medicine
GA 819EI
UT WOS:000221296400008
PM 15233193
OA Bronze
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Ambikapathi, R
   Kosek, MN
   Lee, GO
   Mahopo, C
   Patil, CL
   Maciel, BL
   Turab, A
   Islam, MM
   Ulak, M
   Bose, A
   Olortegui, MP
   Pendergast, LL
   Murray-Kolb, LE
   Lang, D
   McCormick, BJJ
   Caulfield, LE
AF Ambikapathi, Ramya
   Kosek, Margaret N.
   Lee, Gwenyth O.
   Mahopo, Cloupas
   Patil, Crystal L.
   Maciel, Bruna L.
   Turab, Ali
   Islam, M. Munirul
   Ulak, Manjeswori
   Bose, Anuradha
   Paredes Olortegui, Maribel
   Pendergast, Laura L.
   Murray-Kolb, Laura E.
   Lang, Dennis
   McCormick, Benjamin J. J.
   Caulfield, Laura E.
TI How multiple episodes of exclusive breastfeeding impact estimates of
   exclusive breastfeeding duration: report from the eight-site MAL-ED
   birth cohort study
SO MATERNAL AND CHILD NUTRITION
LA English
DT Article
DE exclusive breastfeeding; duration; DHS; prevalence; metrics; MAL-ED;
   Nepal; Bangladesh; Pakistan; India; Brazil; Peru; Tanzania; South Africa
ID INFANTS; HEALTH; SITE; CONSEQUENCES; PREVALENCE; BANGLADESH; BARRIERS;
   MOTHERS; EXAMPLE; AFRICA
AB The duration of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is often defined as the time from birth to the first non-breast milk food/liquid fed (EBFLONG), or it is estimated by calculating the proportion of women at a given infant age who EBF in the previous 24h (EBFDHS). Others have measured the total days or personal prevalence of EBF (EBFPREV), recognizing that although non-EBF days may occur, EBF can be re-initiated for extended periods. We compared breastfeeding metrics in the MAL-ED study; infants' breastfeeding trajectories were characterized from enrollment (median 7days, IQR: 4, 12) to 180days at eight sites. During twice-weekly surveillance, caretakers were queried about infant feeding the prior day. Overall, 101833 visits and 356764 child days of data were collected from 1957 infants. Median duration of EBFLONG was 33days (95% CI: 32-36), compared to 49days based on the EBFDHS. Median EBFPREV was 66days (95% CI: 62-70). Differences were because of the return to EBF after a non-EBF period. The median number of returns to EBF was 2 (IQR: 1, 3). When mothers re-initiated EBF (second episode), infants gained an additional 18.8days (SD: 25.1) of EBF, and gained 13.7days (SD: 18.1) (third episode). In settings where women report short gaps in EBF, programmes should work with women to return to EBF. Interventions could positively influence the duration of these additional periods of EBF and their quantification should be considered in impact evaluation studies. (c) 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd
C1 [Ambikapathi, Ramya; Murray-Kolb, Laura E.; Lang, Dennis; McCormick, Benjamin J. J.] NIH, Fogarty Int Ctr, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
   [Ambikapathi, Ramya; Kosek, Margaret N.; Lee, Gwenyth O.; Murray-Kolb, Laura E.; Caulfield, Laura E.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Ctr Human Nutr, 615 North Wolfe St,W2041, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA.
   [Mahopo, Cloupas] Univ Venda, Sch Hlth Sci, Dept Nutr, Thohoyandou, Limpopo Provinc, South Africa.
   [Patil, Crystal L.] Univ Illinois, Coll Nursing, Dept Women Children & Family Hlth Sci, Chicago, IL USA.
   [Maciel, Bruna L.] Univ Estadual Ceara, Dept Nutr, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil.
   [Turab, Ali; Pendergast, Laura L.] Aga Khan Univ, Dept Paediat & Child Hlth, Karachi, Pakistan.
   [Islam, M. Munirul] Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Ctr Nutr & Food Secur, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
   [Ulak, Manjeswori] Tribhuvan Univ, Dept Child Hlth, Kathmandu, Nepal.
   [Ulak, Manjeswori] Tribhuvan Univ, Inst Med, Kathmandu, Nepal.
   [Bose, Anuradha] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [Paredes Olortegui, Maribel] Biomed Invest Unit AB PRISMA, Iquitos, Peru.
   Temple Univ, Sch Psychol Program, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA.
   Penn State Univ, Dept Nutr Sci, State Coll, PA USA.
RP Caulfield, LE (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Ctr Human Nutr, 615 North Wolfe St,W2041, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA.
EM lcaulfi1@jhu.edu
FU Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation; Foundation for the NIH; National
   Institutes of Health/Fogarty International Center; Integrative Graduate
   Education and Research Traineeship (IGERT) [1069213]; JHU Environment,
   Energy, Sustainability and Health Institute (E2SHI) fellowship; JHSPH
   Center of Global Health
FX The Etiology, Risk Factors and Interactions of Enteric Infections and
   Malnutrition and the Consequences for Child Health and Development
   Project (MAL-ED) is carried out as a collaborative project supported by
   the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the Foundation for the NIH and the
   National Institutes of Health/Fogarty International Center. Ramya
   Ambikapathi received the Kruse Family Publications Award and is funded
   by the Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship (IGERT
   Award 1069213), a JHU Environment, Energy, Sustainability and Health
   Institute (E<SUP>2</SUP>SHI) fellowship and JHSPH Center of Global
   Health.
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NR 55
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 3
PU WILEY
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1740-8695
EI 1740-8709
J9 MATERN CHILD NUTR
JI Matern. Child Nutr.
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 12
IS 4
BP 740
EP 756
DI 10.1111/mcn.12352
PG 17
WC Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics
SC Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics
GA DX8QA
UT WOS:000384652400008
PM 27500709
OA Green Published
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Verkerke, H
   Sobuz, S
   Ma, JZ
   Petri, SE
   Reichman, D
   Qadri, F
   Rahman, M
   Haque, R
   Petri, WA
AF Verkerke, Hans
   Sobuz, Shihab
   Ma, Jennie Z.
   Petri, Sarah E.
   Reichman, Dan
   Qadri, Firdausi
   Rahman, Mustafizur
   Haque, Rashidul
   Petri, William A., Jr.
TI Malnutrition Is Associated with Protection from Rotavirus Diarrhea:
   Evidence from a Longitudinal Birth Cohort Study in Bangladesh
SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; GUT MICROBIOTA; CHILDREN; INFECTION; BURDEN;
   AMEBIASIS; VACCINE; AGE; GASTROENTERITIS; PREVALENCE
AB Rotavirus is a leading cause of dehydrating diarrhea and death among infants and children globally, particularly in communities of the developing world. While numerous studies have described the complex relationships among infectious diarrhea, growth faltering, and poverty, the impact of nutritional status on susceptibility to rotavirus diarrhea is not well understood. In a longitudinal study conducted over the first 3 years of life among 626 slum-dwelling infants enrolled at birth in Dhaka, Bangladesh, we observed that common measures of healthy growth and development were positively associated with a risk of symptomatic rotavirus infection. This finding runs counter to the idea that improving childhood nutrition will implicitly decrease the incidence of symptomatic infection by enteric pathogens. As childhood nutrition improves worldwide, rotavirus infection may remain a public health challenge, making universal vaccination of even greater importance.
C1 [Verkerke, Hans; Petri, Sarah E.; Reichman, Dan; Petri, William A., Jr.] Univ Virginia, Div Infect Dis & Int Hlth, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA.
   [Sobuz, Shihab; Qadri, Firdausi; Rahman, Mustafizur; Haque, Rashidul] Int Ctr Diarrheal Dis Res, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
   [Ma, Jennie Z.] Univ Virginia, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Charlottesville, VA USA.
RP Petri, WA (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Div Infect Dis & Int Hlth, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA.
EM wap3g@cms.mail.virginia.edu
OI Rahman, Mustafizur/0000-0002-6876-0191
FU HHS \ National Institutes of Health (NIH) [AI043596]; Bill and Melinda
   Gates Foundation (Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation)
FX This work, including the efforts of William A. Petri and Jr., was funded
   by HHS vertical bar National Institutes of Health (NIH) (AI043596). This
   work, including the efforts of William A. Petri and Jr., was funded by
   Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation).
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NR 33
TC 6
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA
SN 0095-1137
EI 1098-660X
J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL
JI J. Clin. Microbiol.
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 54
IS 10
BP 2568
EP 2574
DI 10.1128/JCM.00916-16
PG 7
WC Microbiology
SC Microbiology
GA DZ6GF
UT WOS:000385958900024
PM 27510830
OA Green Published, Other Gold
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Dinh, DM
   Ramadass, B
   Kattula, D
   Sarkar, R
   Braunstein, P
   Tai, A
   Wanke, CA
   Hassoun, S
   Kane, AV
   Naumova, EN
   Kang, G
   Ward, HD
AF Dinh, Duy M.
   Ramadass, Balamurugan
   Kattula, Deepthi
   Sarkar, Rajiv
   Braunstein, Philip
   Tai, Albert
   Wanke, Christine A.
   Hassoun, Soha
   Kane, Anne V.
   Naumova, Elena N.
   Kang, Gagandeep
   Ward, Honorine D.
TI Longitudinal Analysis of the Intestinal Microbiota in Persistently
   Stunted Young Children in South India
SO PLOS ONE
LA English
DT Article
ID MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES; HUMAN GUT MICROBIOME; RISK-FACTORS; EARLY-LIFE;
   BACTERIAL; UNDERNUTRITION; OVERWEIGHT; INFECTION; SURVIVAL; DIARRHEA
AB Stunting or reduced linear growth is very prevalent in low-income countries. Recent studies have demonstrated a causal relationship between alterations in the gut microbiome and moderate or severe acute malnutrition in children in these countries. However, there have been no primary longitudinal studies comparing the intestinal microbiota of persistently stunted children to that of non-stunted children in the same community. In this pilot study, we characterized gut microbial community composition and diversity of the fecal microbiota of 10 children with low birth weight and persistent stunting (cases) and 10 children with normal birth weight and no stunting (controls) from a birth cohort every 3 months up to 2 years of age in a slum community in south India. There was an increase in diversity indices (P <0.0001) with increasing age in all children. However, there were no differences in diversity indices or in the rates of their increase with increasing age between cases and controls. The percent relative abundance of the Bacteroidetes phylum was higher in stunted compared to control children at 12 months of age (P = 0.043). There was an increase in the relative abundance of this phylum with increasing age in all children (P = 0.0380) with no difference in the rate of increase between cases and controls. There was a decrease in the relative abundance of Proteobacteria (P = 0.0004) and Actinobacteria (P = 0.0489) with increasing age in cases. The microbiota of control children was enriched in probiotic species Bifidobacterium longum and Lactobacillus mucosae, whereas that of stunted children was enriched in inflammogenic taxa including those in the Desulfovibrio genus and Campylobacterales order. Larger, longitudinal studies on the compositional and functional maturation of the microbiome in children are needed.
C1 [Dinh, Duy M.; Wanke, Christine A.; Kane, Anne V.; Ward, Honorine D.] Tufts Med Ctr, Div Geog Med & Infect Dis, Boston, MA USA.
   [Dinh, Duy M.; Wanke, Christine A.; Naumova, Elena N.; Kang, Gagandeep; Ward, Honorine D.] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02111 USA.
   [Dinh, Duy M.; Wanke, Christine A.; Naumova, Elena N.; Kang, Gagandeep; Ward, Honorine D.] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Community Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA.
   [Tai, Albert; Kang, Gagandeep] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Integrat Physiol & Pathobiol, Boston, MA 02111 USA.
   [Ramadass, Balamurugan; Kattula, Deepthi; Sarkar, Rajiv; Wanke, Christine A.; Naumova, Elena N.; Ward, Honorine D.] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Gastrointestinal Sci, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [Braunstein, Philip; Hassoun, Soha] Tufts Univ, Sch Engn, Dept Comp Sci, Medford, MA 02155 USA.
   [Naumova, Elena N.] Tufts Univ, Gerald J & Dorothy R Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Poli, Boston, MA 02111 USA.
RP Ward, HD (reprint author), Tufts Med Ctr, Div Geog Med & Infect Dis, Boston, MA USA.; Ward, HD (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02111 USA.; Ward, HD (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Community Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA.; Ward, HD (reprint author), Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Gastrointestinal Sci, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
EM hward@tuftsmedicalcenter.org
RI Ramadass, Balamurugan/D-1420-2017
OI Ramadass, Balamurugan/0000-0002-8158-230X
FU National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Institute of Allergy and
   Infectious Diseases (NIAID) [5R01AI072222]; NIH NIAID [5T32 AI007389];
   NIH Fogarty International Center (FIC) [5D43 TW009377]; NIH FIC [5D43
   TW009377, 5D43 TW007392]
FX The parent study was supported by the National Institutes of Health
   (NIH), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
   5R01AI072222 (HW). DD was supported by NIH NIAID 5T32 AI007389 (HW) and
   NIH Fogarty International Center (FIC) 5D43 TW009377 (GK, CW, HW). BR
   was supported by NIH FIC 5D43 TW007392 (GK). DK was supported by NIH FIC
   5D43 TW007392 and 5D43 TW009377. RS was supported by NIH FIC 5D43
   TW007392. The funders had no role in the study design, data
   collection/analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the
   manuscript.
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NR 60
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 1
U2 18
PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA
SN 1932-6203
J9 PLOS ONE
JI PLoS One
PD MAY 26
PY 2016
VL 11
IS 5
AR e0155405
DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0155405
PG 17
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA DN2GQ
UT WOS:000376882500018
PM 27228122
OA DOAJ Gold, Green Published
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Krishnaveni, GV
   Veena, SR
   Srinivasan, K
   Osmond, C
   Fall, CHD
AF Krishnaveni, Ghattu V.
   Veena, Sargoor R.
   Srinivasan, Krishnamachari
   Osmond, Clive
   Fall, Caroline H. D.
TI Linear Growth and Fat and Lean Tissue Gain during Childhood:
   Associations with Cardiometabolic and Cognitive Outcomes in Adolescent
   Indian Children
SO PLOS ONE
LA English
DT Article
ID MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES; PUNE MATERNAL NUTRITION; FOR-GESTATIONAL-AGE; 5
   BIRTH COHORTS; WEIGHT-GAIN; BODY-COMPOSITION; BLOOD-PRESSURE;
   EARLY-LIFE; INFANCY; RISK
AB Background
   We aimed to determine how linear growth and fat and lean tissue gain during discrete age periods from birth to adolescence are related to adolescent cardiometabolic risk factors and cognitive ability.
   Methods
   Adolescents born to mothers with normal glucose tolerance during pregnancy from an Indian birth cohort (N = 486, age 13.5 years) had detailed anthropometry and measurements of body fat (fat%), fasting plasma glucose, insulin and lipid concentrations, blood pressure and cognitive function. Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated. These outcomes were examined in relation to birth measurements and statistically independent measures (conditional SD scores) representing linear growth, and fat and lean tissue gain during birth-1, 1-2, 2-5, 5-9.5 and 9.5-13.5 years in 414 of the children with measurements at all these ages.
   Results
   Birth length and linear growth at all ages were positively associated with current height. Fat gain, particularly during 5-9.5 years was positively associated with fat% at 13.5 years (0.44 SD per SD [99.9% confidence interval: 0.29,0.58]). Greater fat gain during mid-late childhood was associated with higher systolic blood pressure (5-9.5 years: 0.23 SD per SD [0.07,0.40]) and HOMA-IR (5-9.5 years: 0.24 [0.08,0.40], 9.5-13.5 years: 0.22 [0.06,0.38]). Greater infant growth (up to age 2 years) in linear, fat or lean components was unrelated to cardiometabolic risk factors or cognitive function.
   Conclusion
   This study suggests that factors that increase linear, fat and lean growth in infancy have no adverse cardiometabolic effects in this population. Factors that increase fat gain in mid-late childhood may increase cardiometabolic risk, without any benefit to cognitive abilities.
C1 [Krishnaveni, Ghattu V.; Veena, Sargoor R.] CSI Holdsworth Mem Hosp, Epidemiol Res Unit, Mysore, Karnataka, India.
   [Srinivasan, Krishnamachari] St Johns Natl Acad Hlth Sci, St Johns Res Inst, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
   [Osmond, Clive; Fall, Caroline H. D.] Univ Southampton, Southampton Gen Hosp, MRC, Lifecourse Epidemiol Unit, Southampton, Hants, England.
RP Krishnaveni, GV (reprint author), CSI Holdsworth Mem Hosp, Epidemiol Res Unit, Mysore, Karnataka, India.
EM gv.krishnaveni@gmail.com
OI Krishnaveni, Ghattu V/0000-0002-6532-8272; Osmond,
   Clive/0000-0002-9054-4655
FU Parthenon Trust, Switzerland; Wellcome Trust, UK [059609/Z/99/Z,
   079877/Z/06/Z, 095147/Z/10/Z]; Department for International Development,
   UK; Medical Research Council, UK [G0400519, 71108]; Medical Research
   Council [MC_UU_12011/3, G0400519, MC_UP_A620_1016]
FX This work was supported by The Parthenon Trust, Switzerland; The
   Wellcome Trust, UK (grants: 059609/Z/99/Z, 079877/Z/06/Z, 095147/Z/10/Z)
   URL: www.wellcome.ac.uk; The Department for International Development,
   UK. URL:
   https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/department-forinternational-
   development; The Medical Research Council, UK (grant: G0400519 [ID No.
   71108]). URL: www.mrc.ac.uk. The funders had no role in study design,
   data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the
   manuscript.
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TC 6
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U1 0
U2 5
PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA
SN 1932-6203
J9 PLOS ONE
JI PLoS One
PD NOV 17
PY 2015
VL 10
IS 11
AR e0143231
DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0143231
PG 14
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA CW7BR
UT WOS:000365153400056
PM 26575994
OA DOAJ Gold, Green Published
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Baker, CP
   Kulkarni, B
   Radhakrishna, KV
   Charyulu, MS
   Gregson, J
   Matsuzaki, M
   Taylor, AE
   Prabhakaran, D
   Mamidi, RS
   Wells, J
   Wilkinson, I
   McEniery, C
   Yasmin
   Smith, GD
   Ben-Shlomo, Y
   Kuper, H
   Kinra, S
AF Baker, Christopher Paul
   Kulkarni, Bharati
   Radhakrishna, K. V.
   Charyulu, M. S.
   Gregson, John
   Matsuzaki, Mika
   Taylor, Amy E.
   Prabhakaran, Dorairaj
   Mamidi, Raja Sriswan
   Wells, Jonathan
   Wilkinson, Ian
   McEniery, Carmel
   Yasmin
   Smith, George Davey
   Ben-Shlomo, Yoav
   Kuper, Hannah
   Kinra, Sanjay
TI Is the Association between Vitamin D and Cardiovascular Disease Risk
   Confounded by Obesity? Evidence from the Andhra Pradesh Children and
   Parents Study (APCAPS)
SO PLOS ONE
LA English
DT Article
ID MENDELIAN RANDOMIZATION; PARATHYROID-HORMONE; 25-HYDROXYVITAMIN D; D
   DEFICIENCY; OLDER MEN; PREVALENCE; MORTALITY; METAANALYSIS; OUTCOMES;
   INDIANS
AB Background
   Evidence of an association between serum vitamin D and cardiovascular disease risk is inconsistent and comes predominantly from studies in high-income settings. We assessed the association between serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D-3 (25(OH) D) and cardiovascular disease risk factors in a population of young Indian adults.
   Methods
   Cross-sectional analyses of data from APCAPS (Andhra Pradesh Children and Parents Study); a prospective birth cohort study in rural south India. Participants were 1038 (40.3% females) adults aged 18-24 years. Main outcome measures were blood pressures, fasting serum lipids (cholesterols and triglycerides), fasting glucose, insulin, measures of arterial stiffness (aortic augmentation index and aortic pulse wave velocity (aPWV)), carotid intima-media thickness, body mass index (BMI) and body fat (dual X-ray absorptiometry).
   Results
   Vitamin D deficiency (<= 20ng/ml) was observed in 41.1% of this lean (mean BMI: 19.5) and active (mean minutes of moderate or vigorous physical activity per day: 186) population. Vitamin D deficiency was associated with higher median body fat in both males (15.9% body fat in vitamin D deficient males vs. 14.6% in non-deficient males, p<0.05) and females (29.1% body fat in vitamin D deficient females vs. 27.8% in non-deficient females, p<0.05) but no associations were observed between vitamin D deficiency and mean BMI or median fat mass index (FMI). Except a weak inverse association with fasting insulin in males, there was no clear association between serum vitamin D levels and cardiovascular disease risk factors in fully adjusted models.
   Conclusions
   We did not find clear evidence for an association between serum vitamin D levels and cardiovascular disease risk factors. Our results, consistent with the limited evidence from randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation and Mendelian randomisation experiments, suggest that the postulated link between serum vitamin D and cardiovascular disease may be non-causal. Instead, it may be attributable to confounding by lifestyle factors such as obesity and physical inactivity which may provide more fruitful targets for cardiovascular disease prevention.
C1 [Baker, Christopher Paul; Gregson, John; Matsuzaki, Mika; Kinra, Sanjay] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Noncommunicable Dis Epidemiol, London WC1, England.
   [Kulkarni, Bharati; Radhakrishna, K. V.; Charyulu, M. S.; Mamidi, Raja Sriswan] Natl Inst Nutr, Hyderabad 500007, Andhra Pradesh, India.
   [Taylor, Amy E.] Univ Bristol, Sch Expt Psychol, Bristol, Avon, England.
   [Prabhakaran, Dorairaj] Ctr Chron Dis Control, New Delhi, India.
   [Wells, Jonathan] UCL, Inst Child Hlth, Childhood Nutr Res Ctr, London, England.
   [Wilkinson, Ian; McEniery, Carmel; Yasmin] Univ Cambridge, Div Expt Med & Immunotherapeut, Cambridge, England.
   [Smith, George Davey; Ben-Shlomo, Yoav] Univ Bristol, Sch Social & Community Med, Bristol, Avon, England.
   [Kuper, Hannah] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Clin Res, London WC1, England.
RP Baker, CP (reprint author), London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Noncommunicable Dis Epidemiol, London WC1, England.
EM chris.baker@lshtm.ac.uk
RI Davey Smith, George/A-7407-2013
OI Davey Smith, George/0000-0002-1407-8314; Venkatasubramanian,
   Siddharth/0000-0002-5860-0768; Prabhakaran,
   Dorairaj/0000-0002-3172-834X; Wells, Jonathan/0000-0003-0411-8025; s,
   hema/0000-0002-3440-9475
FU Indian Council of Medical Research; US Agency for International
   Development; Royal College of Physicians, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust
   (United Kingdom) [083707]; Medical Research Council [MC_UU_12013/1]
FX The Hyderabad Nutrition Trial was funded jointly by the Indian Council
   of Medical Research and the US Agency for International Development. The
   first follow-up study (2003-2005) was funded by a personal fellowship to
   SK (Eden Fellowship in Paediatrics, granted by the Royal College of
   Physicians, United Kingdom), and the second follow-up study (2009-2010)
   was funded by the Wellcome Trust (United Kingdom) (Grant: 083707;
   Principal Investigator: HK). The National Institute of Nutrition (Indian
   Council of Medical Research) provided infrastructural support.
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NR 40
TC 6
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 10
PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA
SN 1932-6203
J9 PLOS ONE
JI PLoS One
PD JUN 16
PY 2015
VL 10
IS 6
AR e0129468
DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0129468
PG 11
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA CK9EB
UT WOS:000356542300023
PM 26079685
OA DOAJ Gold, Green Published
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Raj, D
   Lodha, R
   Pandey, A
   Mukherjee, A
   Agrawal, A
   Kabra, SK
AF Raj, Dinesh
   Lodha, Rakesh
   Pandey, Anibha
   Mukherjee, Aparna
   Agrawal, Anurag
   Kabra, S. K.
CA New Delhi Childhood Asthma Study
TI Aeroallergen sensitization in childhood asthmatics in Northern India
SO INDIAN PEDIATRICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Aeroallergens; Atopy; Skin prick testing
ID EXHALED NITRIC-OXIDE; BIRTH COHORT; DERMATOPHAGOIDES-PTERONYSSINUS;
   CHILDREN; ATOPY; ASSOCIATION; PREVALENCE; PHENOTYPES; ALLERGENS;
   SEVERITY
AB To determine the prevalence of sensitization to common aeroallergens in asthmatic children and study the differences in characteristics of atopics and non atopics.
   Analysis of data from a prospective cohort study.
   Pediatric Chest Clinic of tertiary care center in Northern India
   Asthmatic children from 5-18 year of age.
   Prevalence of sensitization to common aeroallergens.
   Skin prick testing (SPT) was performed on 180 children above 5 years of age, with a mean (SD) age of 111.4 (34.2) months. 100 children (55.6%) were sensitized to at least one aeroallergen, suggesting atopy; 68 (37.8%) were sensitized to more than one allergen. 36.7% children were sensitized to housefly antigen; 31.1% to rice grain dust, 18.3% to cockroach, and 7.8% to house dust mite antigens. Atopic children had significantly higher median FENO during follow up than nonatopic children (17.5 ppb vs 13 ppb, P=0.002). There was a positive correlation between age and the number of allergens that an individual was sensitized to (r= 0.21; P=0.0049).
   More than half of asthmatic children in our cohort had sensitization to one or more aeroallergens suggesting atopy; sensitization was most commonly seen to housefly antigen and rice grain dust. Atopic children had significantly higher FENO measurements during follow up as compared to non-atopic children.
C1 [Raj, Dinesh; Lodha, Rakesh; Pandey, Anibha; Mukherjee, Aparna; Agrawal, Anurag; New Delhi Childhood Asthma Study] All India Inst Med Sci, Dept Pediat, Div Pediat Pulmonol, New Delhi 110029, India.
   [Kabra, S. K.] Inst Genom & Integrat Biol, Delhi, India.
RP Lodha, R (reprint author), All India Inst Med Sci, Dept Pediat, New Delhi 110029, India.
EM rakesh_lodha@hotmail.com
OI Agrawal, Anurag/0000-0002-0340-5252; Sethi,
   Tavpritesh/0000-0002-4776-7941
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NR 33
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 3
PU SPRINGER INDIA
PI NEW DELHI
PA 7TH FLOOR, VIJAYA BUILDING, 17, BARAKHAMBA ROAD, NEW DELHI, 110 001,
   INDIA
SN 0019-6061
EI 0974-7559
J9 INDIAN PEDIATR
JI Indian Pediatrics
PD DEC
PY 2013
VL 50
IS 12
BP 1113
EP 1118
DI 10.1007/s13312-013-0304-9
PG 6
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA 281KO
UT WOS:000329100300007
PM 23999673
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Dama, MS
   Rajender, S
AF Dama, Madhukar Shivajirao
   Rajender, Singh
TI Secular Changes in the Semen Quality in India During the Past 33 Years
SO JOURNAL OF ANDROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Sperm count; fertility; spermatogenesis
ID SPERM COUNTS; FERTILE MEN; LIFE-STYLE; HUMAN-REPRODUCTION; BIRTH
   COHORTS; NO EVIDENCE; DANISH MEN; INFERTILITY; POPULATION; FECUNDITY
AB Several studies have described a change in semen quality over last 60 years in many regions of the world, but such studies are lacking for the Indian population. In the present study, we aimed at investigating if semen quality has changed during the last 3 decades in normal healthy Indians. We retrieved data on semen quality for Indian men without a history of infertility from published studies and analyzed it for trends in individual semen quality parameters using regression modeling. The semen parameters of 19 734 normal, healthy men from studies published over the past 33 years (from 1978 onward) were used for this purpose. Linear regression analysis weighted by sample size and controlling for age of the subjects revealed a significant decline in sperm motility and a significant increase in sperm concentration. Other semen parameters did not change significantly over this period. In conclusion, there has been a genuine decline in sperm motility and an increase in sperm concentration, which is corroborated by a recent study on Indian subjects.
C1 [Dama, Madhukar Shivajirao; Rajender, Singh] CSIR, Cent Drug Res Inst, Div Endocrinol, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
RP Rajender, S (reprint author), CSIR, Cent Drug Res Inst, Div Endocrinol, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
EM rajender_singh@cdri.res.in
RI Dama, Madhukar/H-9945-2012
OI Dama, Madhukar/0000-0002-8361-1530
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NR 42
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 6
PU AMER SOC ANDROLOGY, INC
PI LAWRENCE
PA C/O ALLEN PRESS, INC PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA
SN 0196-3635
J9 J ANDROL
JI J. Androl.
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2012
VL 33
IS 4
BP 740
EP 744
DI 10.2164/jandrol.111.015057
PG 5
WC Andrology
SC Endocrinology & Metabolism
GA 977DC
UT WOS:000306635600032
PM 22016357
OA Bronze
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Vasan, SK
   Neville, MJ
   Antonisamy, B
   Samuel, P
   Fall, CH
   Geethanjali, FS
   Thomas, N
   Raghupathy, P
   Brismar, K
   Karpe, F
AF Vasan, Senthil K.
   Neville, Matt J.
   Antonisamy, Belavendra
   Samuel, Prasanna
   Fall, Caroline H.
   Geethanjali, Finney S.
   Thomas, Nihal
   Raghupathy, Palany
   Brismar, Kerstin
   Karpe, Fredrik
TI Absence of Birth-Weight Lowering Effect of ADCY5 and Near CCNL, but
   Association of Impaired Glucose-Insulin Homeostasis with ADCY5 in Asian
   Indians
SO PLOS ONE
LA English
DT Article
ID TYPE-2 DIABETES RISK; FASTING GLUCOSE; FETAL-GROWTH; GENE; POPULATION;
   MUTATIONS; COHORT; POLYMORPHISM; VARIANTS; ALLELES
AB Background: A feature of the Asian Indian phenotype is low birth weight with increased adult type 2 diabetes risk. Most populations show consistent associations between low birth weight and adult type 2 diabetes. Recently, two birth weight-lowering loci on chromosome 3 (near CCNL1 and ADCY5) were identified in a genome-wide association study, the latter of which is also a type 2 diabetes locus. We therefore tested the impact of these genetic variants on birth weight and adult glucose/insulin homeostasis in a large Indian birth cohort.
   Methodology/Principal Findings: Adults (n = 2,151) enrolled in a birth cohort (established 1969-73) were genotyped for rs900400 (near CCNL1) and rs9883204 (ADCY5). Associations were tested for birth weight, anthropometry from infancy to adulthood, and type 2 diabetes related glycemic traits. The average birth weight in this population was 2.79 +/- 0.47 kg and was not associated with genetic variation in CCNL1 (p = 0.87) or ADCY5 (p = 0.54). Allele frequencies for the 'birth weight-lowering' variants were similar compared with Western populations. There were no significant associations with growth or adult weight. However, the 'birth weight-lowering' variant of ADCY5 was associated with modest increase in fasting glucose (beta 0.041, p = 0.027), 2-hours glucose (beta 0.127, p = 0.019), and reduced insulinogenic index (beta -0.106, p = 0.050) and 2-hour insulin (beta -0.058, p = 0.010).
   Conclusions: The low birth weight in Asian Indians is not even partly explained by genetic variants near CCNL1 and ADCY5 which implies that non-genetic factors may predominate. However, the 'birth-weight-lowering' variant of ADCY5 was associated with elevated glucose and decreased insulin response in early adulthood which argues for a common genetic cause of low birth weight and risk of type 2 diabetes.
C1 [Vasan, Senthil K.; Brismar, Kerstin] Karolinska Inst, Dept Mol Med & Surg, Stockholm, Sweden.
   [Vasan, Senthil K.; Thomas, Nihal; Karpe, Fredrik] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Diabet Endocrinol & Metab, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [Neville, Matt J.; Karpe, Fredrik] Univ Oxford, Oxford Ctr Diabet Endocrinol & Metab, Oxford, England.
   [Antonisamy, Belavendra; Samuel, Prasanna] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Biostat, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [Fall, Caroline H.] MRC, Epidemiol Resource Ctr, Southampton, Hants, England.
   [Geethanjali, Finney S.] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Clin Biochem, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [Raghupathy, Palany] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Child Hlth, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [Karpe, Fredrik] Oxford Radcliffe Hosp ORH Trust, Oxford Biomed Res Ctr, NIHR, Oxford, England.
RP Vasan, SK (reprint author), Karolinska Inst, Dept Mol Med & Surg, Stockholm, Sweden.
EM vaskan@ki.se; Fredrik.Karpe@ocdem.ox.ac.uk
OI Brismar, Kerstin/0000-0002-5241-514X; Karpe,
   Fredrik/0000-0002-2751-1770; Vasan, Senthil/0000-0002-3630-6568
FU British Heart Foundation; Swedish Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Family
   Erling-Persson Foundation; Medical Research Council [MR/J000094/1,
   MC_UP_A620_1016]
FX The study was supported by the British Heart Foundation. S.V. is on a
   scholarship from the Swedish Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden and also
   supported by Family Erling-Persson Foundation. The funders had no role
   in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or
   preparation of the manuscript.
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NR 25
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 0
PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA
SN 1932-6203
J9 PLOS ONE
JI PLoS One
PD JUN 21
PY 2011
VL 6
IS 6
AR e21331
DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0021331
PG 6
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 782CL
UT WOS:000291985100031
PM 21712988
OA DOAJ Gold, Green Published
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Kosek, MN
   Lee, GO
   Guerrant, RL
   Haque, R
   Kang, G
   Ahmed, T
   Bessong, P
   Ali, A
   Mduma, E
   Yori, PP
   Faubion, WA
   Lima, AAM
   Olortegui, MP
   Mason, C
   Babji, S
   Singh, R
   Qureshi, S
   Kosek, PS
   Samie, A
   Pascal, J
   Shrestha, S
   McCormick, BJJ
   Seidman, JC
   Lang, DR
   Zaidi, A
   Caulfield, LE
   Gottlieb, M
AF Kosek, Margaret N.
   Lee, Gwenyth O.
   Guerrant, Richard L.
   Haque, Rashidul
   Kang, Gagandeep
   Ahmed, Tahmeed
   Bessong, Pascal
   Ali, Asad
   Mduma, Estomih
   Yori, Pablo Penataro
   Faubion, William A.
   Lima, Aldo A. M.
   Paredes Olortegui, Maribel
   Mason, Carl
   Babji, Sudhir
   Singh, Ravinder
   Qureshi, Shahida
   Kosek, Peter S.
   Samie, Amidou
   Pascal, John
   Shrestha, Sanjaya
   McCormick, Benjamin J. J.
   Seidman, Jessica C.
   Lang, Dennis R.
   Zaidi, Anita
   Caulfield, Laura E.
   Gottlieb, Michael
CA MAL-ED Network
TI Age and Sex Normalization of Intestinal Permeability Measures for the
   Improved Assessment of Enteropathy in Infancy and Early Childhood:
   Results From the MAL-ED Study
SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC GASTROENTEROLOGY AND NUTRITION
LA English
DT Article
DE environmental enteropathy; intestinal permeability; lactulose; mannitol;
   reference values
ID ENVIRONMENTAL ENTERIC DYSFUNCTION; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; MALAWIAN
   CHILDREN; BARRIER FUNCTION; GUT INTEGRITY; BIRTH COHORT; RURAL
   BANGLADESH; GAMBIAN INFANTS; GROWTH; DISEASE
AB Objectives:The aim of the study was to describe changes in intestinal permeability in early childhood in diverse epidemiologic settings.Methods:In a birth cohort study, the lactulose:mannitol (L:M) test was administered to 1980 children at 4 time points in the first 24 months of life in 8 countries. Data from the Brazil site with an incidence of diarrhea similar to that seen in the United States and no growth faltering was used as an internal study reference to derive age- and sex-specific z scores for mannitol and lactulose recoveries and the L:M ratio.Results:A total of 6602 tests demonstrated mannitol recovery, lactulose recovery, and the L:M ratio were associated with country, sex, and age. There was heterogeneity in the recovery of both probes between sites with mean mannitol recovery ranging for 1.34% to 5.88%, lactulose recovery of 0.19% to 0.58%, and L:M ratios 0.10 to 0.17 in boys of 3 months of age across different sites. We observed strong sex-specific differences in both mannitol and lactulose recovery, with boys having higher recovery of both probes. Alterations in intestinal barrier function increased in most sites from 3 to 9 months of age and plateaued or diminished from 9 to 15 months of age.Conclusions:Alterations in recovery of the probes differ markedly in different epidemiologic contexts in children living in the developing world. The rate of change in the L:M-z ratio was most rapid and consistently disparate from the reference standard in the period between 6 and 9 months of age, suggesting that this is a critical period of physiologic impact of enteropathy in these populations.
C1 [Kosek, Margaret N.; Yori, Pablo Penataro; Caulfield, Laura E.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Int Hlth, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA.
   [Lee, Gwenyth O.; McCormick, Benjamin J. J.; Seidman, Jessica C.; Lang, Dennis R.] NIH, Fogarty Int Center, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
   [Lee, Gwenyth O.] Tulane Univ, Dept Global Community Hlth & Behav Sci, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA.
   [Guerrant, Richard L.] Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA.
   [Haque, Rashidul] ICDDR, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
   [Kang, Gagandeep; Babji, Sudhir] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [Bessong, Pascal; Samie, Amidou] Univ Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa.
   [Ali, Asad; Qureshi, Shahida; Zaidi, Anita] Aga Khan Univ, Ctr Excellence Women & Child Hlth, Karachi, Pakistan.
   [Mduma, Estomih; Pascal, John] Haydom Lutheran Hosp, Haydom, Tanzania.
   [Faubion, William A.; Gottlieb, Michael] Mayo Clin, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Rochester, MN USA.
   [Lima, Aldo A. M.] Univ Fed Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil.
   [Paredes Olortegui, Maribel] AB PRISMA, Iquitos, Peru.
   [Mason, Carl; Shrestha, Sanjaya] Walter Reed AFRIMS Res Unit, Kathmandu, Nepal.
   [Singh, Ravinder] Mayo Clin, Immunochem Core Lab, Rochester, MN USA.
   [Kosek, Peter S.] Pain Consultants Oregon, Eugene, OR USA.
   [Lang, Dennis R.] Fdn NIH, Bethesda, MD USA.
RP Kosek, MN (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Int Hlth, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, 615 N Wolfe St,E5545, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA.
EM mkosek@jhmi.edu
RI Lima, Aldo/D-8251-2018
OI Lima, Aldo/0000-0002-0299-1747; Bessong, Pascal/0000-0003-0561-272X;
   MASON, CARL/0000-0002-3676-2811
FU Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation; Foundation for the National Institutes
   of Health; National Institutes of Health, Fogarty International Center
FX The Etiology, Risk Factors and Interactions of Enteric Infections and
   Malnutrition and the Consequences for Child Health and Development
   Project (MAL-ED) is carried out as a collaborative project supported by
   the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the Foundation for the National
   Institutes of Health, and the National Institutes of Health, Fogarty
   International Center. The authors particularly want to thank the
   children and caregivers who participated in the study for their
   invaluable contributions. The authors also wish to thank Thomas Brewer
   for discussions on changes in intestinal permeability over the lifespan,
   and Dr William Petri for his support in coordinating QC activities
   between the MAL-ED study and the PROVIDE study and. The authors thank
   the mothers and their children for their time and patience during the
   urine collections and our field staff for their extraordinary dedicated
   effort.
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NR 54
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 3
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA
SN 0277-2116
EI 1536-4801
J9 J PEDIATR GASTR NUTR
JI J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr.
PD JUL
PY 2017
VL 65
IS 1
BP 31
EP 39
DI 10.1097/MPG.0000000000001610
PG 9
WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics
SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics
GA EZ8FU
UT WOS:000404960900018
PM 28644347
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Antonisamy, B
   Vasan, SK
   Geethanjali, FS
   Gowri, M
   Hepsy, VS
   Richard, J
   Raghupathy, P
   Karpe, F
   Osmond, C
   Fall, CHD
AF Antonisamy, Belavendra
   Vasan, Senthil K.
   Geethanjali, Finney S.
   Gowri, Mahasampath
   Hepsy, V. S.
   Richard, Joseph
   Raghupathy, P.
   Karpe, Fredrik
   Osmond, Clive
   Fall, Caroline H. D.
TI Weight Gain and Height Growth during Infancy, Childhood, and Adolescence
   as Predictors of Adult Cardiovascular Risk
SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
LA English
DT Article
ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; BODY-MASS INDEX; BRITISH BIRTH COHORT;
   BLOOD-PRESSURE; SOUTH-INDIA; HERTFORDSHIRE COHORT; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS;
   FETAL ORIGINS; YOUNG-ADULTS; LATER LIFE
AB Objectives To investigate independent relationships of childhood linear growth (height gain)and relative weight gain to adult cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk traits in Asian Indians.
   Study design Data from 2218 adults from the Vellore Birth Cohort were examined for associations of crosssectional height and body mass index (BMI) and longitudinal growth (independent conditional measures of height and weight gain) in infancy, childhood, adolescence, and adulthood with adult waist circumference (WC), blood pressure (BP), insulin resistance (homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance [HOMA-IR]), and plasma glucose and lipid concentrations.
   Results Higher BMI/greater conditional relative weight gain at all ages was associated with higher adult WC, after 3 months with higher adult BP, HOMA-IR, and lipids, and after 15 years with higher glucose concentrations. Taller adult height was associated with higher WC (men 13= 2.32 cm per SD, women beta= 1.63, both P<.001), BP (men beta= 2.10 mm Hg per SD, women beta = 1.21, both P.001), and HOMA-IR (men beta = 0.08 log units per SD, women beta= 0.12, both P<.05) but lower glucose concentrations (women beta = 0.03 log mmol/L per SD P=.003). Greater height or height gain at all earlier ages were associated with higher adult CVD risk traits. These positive associations were attenuated when adjusted for adult BMI and height. Shorter length and lower BMI at birth were associated with higher glucose concentration in women.
   Conclusions Greater height or weight gain relative to height during childhood or adolescence was associated with a more adverse adult CVD risk marker profile, and this was mostly attributable to larger adult size.
C1 [Antonisamy, Belavendra; Gowri, Mahasampath; Hepsy, V. S.; Richard, Joseph] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Biostat, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [Vasan, Senthil K.; Karpe, Fredrik] Univ Oxford, Oxford Ctr Diabet Endocrinol & Metab, Oxford, England.
   [Geethanjali, Finney S.] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Clin Biochem, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [Raghupathy, P.] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Child Hlth, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [Karpe, Fredrik] Oxford Univ Hosp, Oxford Biomed Res Ctr, Natl Inst Hlth Res, Oxford, England.
   [Osmond, Clive; Fall, Caroline H. D.] Univ Southampton, Med Res Council Lifecourse Epidemiol Unit, Southampton, Hants, England.
RP Vasan, SK (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Oxford Ctr Diabetes Endocrinol & Metab, Churchill Hosp, Oxford OX3 7LE, England.
EM senthil.vasan@ocdem.ox.ac.uk
OI Vasan, Senthil/0000-0002-3630-6568
FU Medical Research Council (United Kinadom) [MRC_G0400519,
   MRC_MC_UP_A620_1016, MRC_MC_UU12011/3]; Department for International
   Development; British Heart Foundation [BHF_RG/98001, BHF_CS/15/4/31493];
   Society for Nutrition, Education and Health Action (India); Throne-Hoist
   Foundation, Stockholm, Sweden; Medical Research Council [MC_UU_12011/3,
   MC_UP_A620_1016, U1475000003]
FX Funded by the Medical Research Council (United Kinadom) (MRC_G0400519,
   MRC_MC_UP_A620_1016, and MRC_MC_UU12011/3), the Department for
   International Development, the British Heart Foundation (BHF_RG/98001
   and BHF_CS/15/4/31493), and Society for Nutrition, Education and Health
   Action (India). S.V. is funded by the Throne-Hoist Foundation,
   Stockholm, Sweden. The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
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NR 36
TC 5
Z9 7
U1 1
U2 3
PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 0022-3476
EI 1097-6833
J9 J PEDIATR-US
JI J. Pediatr.
PD JAN
PY 2017
VL 180
BP 53
EP +
DI 10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.09.059
PG 12
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA EF0PL
UT WOS:000390028100012
PM 27823768
OA Green Published, Other Gold
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Kanade, A
   Deshpande, S
   Patil, K
   Rao, S
AF Kanade, Asawari
   Deshpande, Sayali
   Patil, Kanchankumar
   Rao, Shobha
TI Prevalence of High Blood Pressure among Young Rural Adults in Relation
   to Height in Childhood and Adult Body Mass Index
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF NUTRITION
LA English
DT Article
DE hypertension; stunting in early life; adult body mass index; young
   adults in rural India
ID BRITISH BIRTH COHORT; DISEASE RISK-FACTORS; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE;
   SOCIOECONOMIC POSITION; GROWTH; WEIGHT; OBESITY; FETAL; HEART; LIFE
AB Objective: Evidence, mostly based on developed countries, indicates that disease risks may be associated with changes in growth processes rather than a one-point phenomenon. In view of the increasing prevalence of hypertension in India, there is a need to understand how patterns of growth during early childhood and adolescence influence blood pressure in adulthood, particularly among rural populations in India.
   Methods: The risk of hypertension was examined in 378 rural men older than 20 years who were measured for anthropometry during early childhood, adolescence, and as young adults in a community-based cohort study.
   Results: At the young age of 24 years, 33.9% of men had either high systolic blood pressure (>= 130 mmHg) or high diastolic blood pressure (>= 85 mmHg), even in absence of obesity. The growth of the subjects during childhood, in whom blood pressure developed later in young adulthood, was characterized by higher body mass index (BMI) throughout early childhood and adolescence as compared with those who had normal blood pressure. The prevalence of high blood pressure, especially diastolic, at this adult age was strongly associated with stunting at 3+ years of age (<-2 SD height of the World Health Organization standard), and risk increased (odds ratio, 12.21; 95% confidence interval, 2.93-50.90; p < 0.001) among those having high BMI (>= 23 kg/m(2)) at adult age as compared with those who were not stunted in early life with a low BMI at adult age.
   Conclusions: The primary prevention of the epidemic of high blood pressure in India may require measures to prevent children from being stunted in early childhood and also prevent them from being overweight at young adulthood.
C1 [Kanade, Asawari; Deshpande, Sayali; Patil, Kanchankumar; Rao, Shobha] Agharkar Res Inst, Biometry & Nutr Grp, Pune 411004, Maharashtra, India.
RP Kanade, A (reprint author), Agharkar Res Inst, Biometry & Nutr Grp, GG Agarkar Rd, Pune 411004, Maharashtra, India.
EM asawarikanade@yahoo.com
FU Indian Council for Medical Research, New Delhi, India; Indian Council
   for Medical Research, New Delhi
FX Financial support for the study was provided by the Indian Council for
   Medical Research, New Delhi, India.; We are grateful to the director of
   the Agharkar Research Institute for providing facilities for this
   research. We would also like to thank other staff members for their help
   in the field, as well as participants and their parents for extending
   the necessary cooperation. We are also thankful to the Indian Council
   for Medical Research, New Delhi, for the financial support for carrying
   out this study.
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NR 29
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 3
PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND
SN 0731-5724
J9 J AM COLL NUTR
JI J. Am. Coll. Nutr.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 30
IS 3
BP 216
EP 223
DI 10.1080/07315724.2011.10719963
PG 8
WC Nutrition & Dietetics
SC Nutrition & Dietetics
GA V28MQ
UT WOS:000208685300008
PM 21896880
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Checkley, W
   Mouksassi, S
   Carreon, JD
   McCormick, BJ
   Mahfuz, M
   Gottlieb, M
   Knobler, SL
   Lang, DR
   Miller, MA
   Bhutta, ZA
   Caulfield, L
   Guerrant, RL
   Houpt, E
   Kosek, MN
   Murray-Kolb, LE
   Petri, WA
   Seidman, JC
   Bessong, P
   Haque, R
   John, S
   Kang, G
   Lima, AAM
   Mduma, ER
   Oria, R
   Shrestha, SK
   Svensen, E
   Zaidi, AKM
   Abreu, CB
   Ahmed, I
   Ali, A
   Ambikapathi, R
   Bayyo, E
   Bose, A
   Chandyo, RK
   Dillingham, R
   Platts-Mills, J
   Ahmed, T
AF Checkley, William
   Mouksassi, Samer
   Carreon, J. Daniel
   McCormick, Benjamin J.
   Mahfuz, Mustafa
   Gottlieb, Michael
   Knobler, Stacey L.
   Lang, Dennis R.
   Miller, Mark A.
   Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.
   Caulfield, Laura
   Guerrant, Richard L.
   Houpt, Eric
   Kosek, Margaret N.
   Murray-Kolb, Laura E.
   Petri, William A., Jr.
   Seidman, Jessica C.
   Bessong, Pascal
   Haque, Rashidul
   John, Sushil
   Kang, Gangandeep
   Lima, Aldo A. M.
   Mduma, Estomih R.
   Oria, Reinaldo
   Shrestha, Sanjaya Kumar
   Svensen, Erling
   Zaidi, Anita K. M.
   Abreu, Claudia B.
   Ahmed, Imran
   Ali, Asad
   Ambikapathi, Ramya
   Bayyo, Eliwaza
   Bose, Anuradha
   Chandyo, Ram Krishna
   Dillingham, Rebecca
   Platts-Mills, James
   Ahmed, Tahmeed
CA Mal-Ed Network Investigators
TI Childhood stunting in relation to the pre- and postnatal environment
   during the first 2 years of life: The MAL-ED longitudinal birth cohort
   study
SO PLOS MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
ID MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES; FOR-GESTATIONAL-AGE; RURAL BANGLADESH; GROWTH;
   UNDERNUTRITION; CONSEQUENCES; CHILDREN; DIARRHEA; HEIGHT; INTERVENTIONS
AB Background
   Stunting is the most prevalent manifestation of childhood malnutrition. To characterize factors that contribute to stunting in resource-poor settings, we studied a priori selected biological and social factors collected longitudinally in a cohort of newborns.
   Methods and findings
   We enrolled 1,868 children across 7 resource-poor settings in Bangladesh, Brazil, India, Nepal, Peru, South Africa, and Tanzania shortly after birth and followed them for 24 months between 2 November 2009 and 28 February 2014. We collected longitudinal anthropometry, sociodemographic factors, maternal-reported illnesses, and antibiotic use; child feeding practices; dietary intake starting at 9 months; and longitudinal blood, urine, and stool samples to investigate non-diarrheal enteropathogens, micronutrients, gut inflammation and permeability, and systemic inflammation. We categorized length-for-age Z-scores into 3 groups (not stunted,>=-1; at risk, <-1 to -2; and stunted, <-2), and used multivariable ordinal logistic regression to model the cumulative odds of being in a lower length-for-age category (at risk or stunted). A total of 1,197 children with complete longitudinal data were available for analysis. The prevalence of having a length-for-age Z-score below -1 increased from 43% (range 37%-47% across sites) shortly after birth (mean 7.7 days post-delivery, range 0 to 17 days) to 74% (16%-96%) at 24 months. The prevalence of stunting increased 3-fold during this same time period. Factors that contributed to the odds of being in a lower length-for-age category at 24 months were lower enrollment weight-for-age (interquartile cumulative odds ratio = 1.82, 95% CI 1.49-2.23), shorter maternal height (2.38, 1.89-3.01), higher number of enteropathogens in non-diarrheal stools (1.36, 1.07-1.73), lower socioeconomic status (1.75, 1.20-2.55), and lower percent of energy from protein (1.39, 1.13-1.72). Site-specific analyses suggest that reported associations were similar across settings. While loss to follow-up and missing data are inevitable, some study sites had greater loss to follow-up and more missing data than others, which may limit the generalizability of the findings.
   Conclusions
   Neonatal and maternal factors were early determinants of lower length-for-age, and their contribution remained important throughout the first 24 months of life, whereas the average number of enteropathogens in non-diarrheal stools, socioeconomic status, and dietary intake became increasingly important contributors by 24 months relative to neonatal and maternal factors.
C1 [Checkley, William; Caulfield, Laura; Kosek, Margaret N.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
   [Mouksassi, Samer] Certara, Montreal, PQ, Canada.
   [Carreon, J. Daniel] NIH, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
   [McCormick, Benjamin J.; Knobler, Stacey L.; Lang, Dennis R.; Miller, Mark A.; Seidman, Jessica C.; Ambikapathi, Ramya] NIH, Fogarty Int Ctr, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
   [Mahfuz, Mustafa; Haque, Rashidul; Ahmed, Tahmeed] Iccdrb, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
   [Gottlieb, Michael; Lang, Dennis R.] Fdn Natl Inst Hlth, Bethesda, MD USA.
   [Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.; Zaidi, Anita K. M.; Ahmed, Imran; Ali, Asad] Aga Khan Univ, Karachi, Pakistan.
   [Guerrant, Richard L.; Houpt, Eric; Petri, William A., Jr.; Dillingham, Rebecca; Platts-Mills, James] Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA.
   [Murray-Kolb, Laura E.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
   [Bessong, Pascal] Univ Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa.
   [John, Sushil; Kang, Gangandeep; Bose, Anuradha] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [Lima, Aldo A. M.; Oria, Reinaldo; Abreu, Claudia B.] Univ Fed Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil.
   [Mduma, Estomih R.; Svensen, Erling; Bayyo, Eliwaza] Haydom Lutheran Hosp, Haydom, Tanzania.
   [Shrestha, Sanjaya Kumar] Walter Reed AFRIMS Res Unit Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal.
   [Svensen, Erling] Haukeland Hosp, Bergen, Norway.
   [Chandyo, Ram Krishna] Tribhuvan Univ, Inst Med, Kathmandu, Nepal.
RP Checkley, W (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
EM wcheckl1@jhmi.edu
OI Bessong, Pascal/0000-0003-0561-272X; Oria, Reinaldo/0000-0002-6914-5481;
   Havt, Alexandre/0000-0002-4546-2976
FU Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
FX This study was supported by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. The
   funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis,
   decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
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NR 38
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 5
PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA
SN 1549-1676
J9 PLOS MED
JI PLos Med.
PD OCT
PY 2017
VL 14
IS 10
AR e1002408
DI 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002408
PG 21
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA FL2QR
UT WOS:000414064100012
OA DOAJ Gold, Green Accepted, Green Published
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Pecenka, C
   Parashar, U
   Tate, JE
   Khan, JAM
   Groman, D
   Chacko, S
   Shamsuzzaman, M
   Clark, A
   Atherly, D
AF Pecenka, Clint
   Parashar, Umesh
   Tate, Jacqueline E.
   Khan, Jahangir A. M.
   Groman, Devin
   Chacko, Stephen
   Shamsuzzaman, Md
   Clark, Andrew
   Atherly, Deborah
TI Impact and cost-effectiveness of rotavirus vaccination in Bangladesh
SO VACCINE
LA English
DT Article
DE Bangladesh; Cost-effectiveness; Rotavirus; Vaccination; DALY
ID CHILDHOOD DIARRHEA; RURAL BANGLADESH; DETERMINANTS; THRESHOLDS;
   COUNTRIES; HEALTH
AB Introduction: Diarrheal disease is a leading cause of child mortality globally, and rotavirus is responsible for more than a third of those deaths. Despite substantial decreases, the number of rotavirus deaths in children under five was 215,000 per year in 2013. Of these deaths, approximately 41% occurred in Asia and 3% of those in Bangladesh. While Bangladesh has yet to introduce rotavirus vaccination, the country applied for Gavi support and plans to introduce it in 2018. This analysis evaluates the impact and cost-effectiveness of rotavirus vaccination in Bangladesh and provides estimates of the costs of the vaccination program to help inform decision-makers and international partners.
   Methods: This analysis used Pan American Health Organization's TRIVAC model (version 2.0) to examine nationwide introduction of two-dose rotavirus vaccination in 2017, compared to no vaccination. Three mortality scenarios (low, high, and midpoint) were assessed. Benefits and costs were examined from the societal perspective over ten successive birth cohorts with a 3% discount rate. Model inputs were locally acquired and complemented by internationally validated estimates.
   Results: Over ten years, rotavirus vaccination would prevent 4000 deaths, nearly 500,000 hospitalizations and 3 million outpatient visits in the base scenario. With a Gavi subsidy, cost/disability adjusted life year (DALY) ratios ranged from $58/DALY to $142/DALY averted. Without a Gavi subsidy and a vaccine price of $2.19 per dose, cost/DALY ratios ranged from $615/DALY to $1514/DALY averted.
   Conclusion: The discounted cost per DALY averted was less than the GDP per capita for nearly all scenarios considered, indicating that a routine rotavirus vaccination program is highly likely to be cost-effective. Even in a low mortality setting with no Gavi subsidy, rotavirus vaccination would be cost-effective. These estimates exclude the herd immunity benefits of vaccination, so represent a conservative estimate of the cost-effectiveness of rotavirus vaccination in Bangladesh. (C) 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Pecenka, Clint; Groman, Devin; Atherly, Deborah] PATH, 2201 Westlake Ave,Suite 200, Seattle, WA 98121 USA.
   [Parashar, Umesh; Tate, Jacqueline E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA.
   [Khan, Jahangir A. M.] Univ Liverpool Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Pembroke Pl, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, England.
   [Chacko, Stephen] WHO Country Off, 10 Gulshan Ave,Gulshan-1, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh.
   [Shamsuzzaman, Md] Natl Immunizat Program Bangladesh, EPI Bhaban, DGHS, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh.
   [Clark, Andrew] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Keppel St, London WC1E 7HT, England.
RP Pecenka, C (reprint author), PATH, 2201 Westlake Ave,Suite 200, Seattle, WA 98121 USA.
EM cpecenka@path.org
FU Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA [OPP1053539, OPP1147721]
FX This work was supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle,
   WA [Grant No. OPP1053539 and OPP1147721].
CR Ahmed S, EC BURDEN ROTAVIRUS
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NR 39
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 5
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0264-410X
EI 1873-2518
J9 VACCINE
JI Vaccine
PD JUL 13
PY 2017
VL 35
IS 32
BP 3982
EP 3987
DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.05.087
PG 6
WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental
SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine
GA FC1BI
UT WOS:000406572000014
PM 28623028
OA Green Published, Other Gold
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Kattula, D
   Jeyavelu, N
   Prabhakaran, AD
   Premkumar, PS
   Velusamy, V
   Venugopal, S
   Geetha, JC
   Lazarus, RP
   Das, P
   Nithyanandhan, K
   Gunasekaran, C
   Muliyil, J
   Sarkar, R
   Wanke, C
   Ajjampur, SSR
   Babji, S
   Naumova, EN
   Ward, HD
   Kang, G
AF Kattula, Deepthi
   Jeyavelu, Nithya
   Prabhakaran, Ashok D.
   Premkumar, Prasanna S.
   Velusamy, Vasanthakumar
   Venugopal, Srinivasan
   Geetha, Jayanthi C.
   Lazarus, Robin P.
   Das, Princey
   Nithyanandhan, Karthick
   Gunasekaran, Chandrabose
   Muliyil, Jayaprakash
   Sarkar, Rajiv
   Wanke, Christine
   Ajjampur, Sitara Swarna Rao
   Babji, Sudhir
   Naumova, Elena N.
   Ward, Honorine D.
   Kang, Gagandeep
TI Natural History of Cryptosporidiosis in a Birth Cohort in Southern India
SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
DE birth cohort; natural history; cryptosporidiosis; children; diarrhea;
   India
ID SERUM IMMUNOGLOBULIN-G; SEMIURBAN COMMUNITY; GIARDIA-LAMBLIA;
   HEALTHY-ADULTS; RISK-FACTORS; CHILDREN; INFECTION; DIARRHEA; PARVUM;
   BURDEN
AB Background. Cryptosporidium is a leading cause of moderate to severe childhood diarrhea in resource-poor settings. Understanding the natural history of cryptosporidiosis and the correlates of protection are essential to develop effective and sustainable approaches to disease control and prevention.
   Methods. Children (N = 497) were recruited at birth in semiurban slums in Vellore, India, and followed for 3 years with twice-weekly home visits. Stool samples were collected every 2 weeks and during diarrheal episodes were tested for Cryptosporidium species by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Serum samples obtained every 6 months were evaluated for seroconversion, defined as a 4-fold increase in immunoglobulin G directed against Cryptosporidium gp15 and/or Cp23 antigens between consecutive sera.
   Results. Of 410 children completing follow-up, 397 (97%) acquired cryptosporidiosis by 3 years of age. PCR identified 1053 episodes of cryptosporidiosis, with an overall incidence of 0.86 infections per child-year by stool and serology. The median age for the first infection was 9 (interquartile range, 4-17) months, indicating early exposure. Although infections were mainly asymptomatic (693 [66%]), Cryptosporidium was identified in 9.4% of diarrheal episodes. The proportion of reinfected children was high (81%) and there was clustering of asymptomatic and symptomatic infections (P < .0001 for both). Protection against infection increased with the order of infection but was only 69% after 4 infections. Cryptosporidium hominis (73.3%) was the predominant Cryptosporidium species, and there was no species-specific protection.
   Conclusions. There is a high burden of endemic cryptosporidiosis in southern India. Clustering of infection is suggestive of host susceptibility. Multiple reinfections conferred some protection against subsequent infection.
C1 [Kattula, Deepthi; Jeyavelu, Nithya; Prabhakaran, Ashok D.; Velusamy, Vasanthakumar; Venugopal, Srinivasan; Geetha, Jayanthi C.; Lazarus, Robin P.; Das, Princey; Nithyanandhan, Karthick; Gunasekaran, Chandrabose; Muliyil, Jayaprakash; Sarkar, Rajiv; Ajjampur, Sitara Swarna Rao; Babji, Sudhir; Kang, Gagandeep] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Gastrointestinal Sci, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [Premkumar, Prasanna S.] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Biostat, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [Wanke, Christine; Ward, Honorine D.] Tufts Med Ctr, Divis Geog Med & Infect Dis, Boston, MA USA.
   [Wanke, Christine; Naumova, Elena N.; Ward, Honorine D.] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth & Community Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA.
   [Naumova, Elena N.] Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USA.
RP Kang, G (reprint author), Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Gastrointestinal Sci, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India.
EM gkang@cmcvellore.ac.in
FU National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [R01 A1072222];
   Fogarty International Center [D43 TW007392, D43 TW009377]
FX This work was supported by the National Institute of Allergy and
   Infectious Diseases (R01 A1072222 to H.W.). D. K. was supported by the
   Fogarty International Center (training grants D43 TW007392 to G. K. and
   D43 TW009377 to G. K., C. W., and H. W.).
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NR 37
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 3
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
PI CARY
PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA
SN 1058-4838
EI 1537-6591
J9 CLIN INFECT DIS
JI Clin. Infect. Dis.
PD FEB 1
PY 2017
VL 64
IS 3
BP 347
EP 354
DI 10.1093/cid/ciw730
PG 8
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
GA EP3RQ
UT WOS:000397299800024
PM 28013266
OA Green Published, Bronze
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Lee, GO
   McCormick, BJJ
   Seidman, JC
   Kosek, MN
   Haque, R
   Olortegui, MP
   Lima, AAM
   Bhutta, ZA
   Kang, G
   Samie, A
   Amour, C
   Mason, CJ
   Ahmed, T
   Yori, PP
   Oliveira, DB
   Alam, D
   Babji, S
   Bessong, P
   Mduma, E
   Shrestha, SK
   Ambikapathi, R
   Lang, DR
   Gottlieb, M
   Guerrant, RL
   Caulfield, LE
AF Lee, Gwenyth O.
   McCormick, Benjamin J. J.
   Seidman, Jessica C.
   Kosek, Margaret N.
   Haque, Rashidul
   Paredes Olortegui, Maribel
   Lima, Aldo A. M.
   Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.
   Kang, Gagandeep
   Samie, Amidou
   Amour, Caroline
   Mason, Carl J.
   Ahmed, Tahmeed
   Penataro Yori, Pablo
   Oliveira, Domingos B.
   Alam, Didar
   Babji, Sudhir
   Bessong, Pascal
   Mduma, Estomih
   Shrestha, Sanjaya K.
   Ambikapathi, Ramya
   Lang, Dennis R.
   Gottlieb, Michael
   Guerrant, Richard L.
   Caulfield, Laura E.
CA MAL-ED Network Investigators
TI Infant Nutritional Status, Feeding Practices, Enteropathogen Exposure,
   Socioeconomic Status, and Illness Are Associated with Gut Barrier
   Function As Assessed by the Lactulose Mannitol Test in the MAL-ED Birth
   Cohort
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE
LA English
DT Article
ID INTESTINAL PERMEABILITY CHANGES; ZINC SUPPLEMENTATION; ENVIRONMENTAL
   ENTEROPATHY; BANGLADESHI CHILDREN; GAMBIAN CHILDREN; RURAL BANGLADESH;
   GROWTH; INTEGRITY; ABSORPTION; COUNTRIES
AB The lactulose mannitol (LM) dual sugar permeability test is the most commonly used test of environmental enteropathy in developing countries. However, there is a large but conflicting literature on its association with enteric infection and host nutritional status. We conducted a longitudinal cohort using a single field protocol and comparable laboratory procedures to examine intestinal permeability in multiple, geographically diverse pediatric populations. Using a previously published systematic review to guide the selection of factors potentially associated with LM test results, we examined the relationships between these factors and mucosal breach, represented by percent lactulose excretion; absorptive area, represented by percent mannitol excretion; and gut barrier function, represented by the L/M ratio. A total of 6,602 LM tests were conducted in 1,980 children at 3, 6, 9, and 15 months old; percent lactulose excretion, percent mannitol excretion, and the L/M ratio were expressed as age-and sex-specific normalized values using the Brazil cohort as the reference population. Among the factors considered, recent severe diarrhea, lower socioeconomic status, and recent asymptomatic enteropathogen infections were associated with decreased percent mannitol excretion and higher L/M ratios. Poorer concurrent weight-for-age, infection, and recent breastfeeding were associated with increased percent lactulose excretion and increased L/M ratios. Our results support previously reported associations between the L/M ratio and factors related to child nutritional status and enteropathogen exposure. These results were remarkably consistent across sites and support the hypothesis that the frequency of these exposures in communities living in poverty leads to alterations in gut barrier function.
C1 [Lee, Gwenyth O.; McCormick, Benjamin J. J.; Seidman, Jessica C.; Ambikapathi, Ramya; Lang, Dennis R.] Fogarty Int Ctr, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA.
   [Lee, Gwenyth O.] Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
   [Kosek, Margaret N.; Penataro Yori, Pablo; Ambikapathi, Ramya; Caulfield, Laura E.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, 615 North Wolfe St,E5545, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA.
   [Haque, Rashidul; Ahmed, Tahmeed] Icddr B, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
   [Paredes Olortegui, Maribel] Asociac Benef PRISMA, Invest Biomed, Iquitos, Peru.
   [Lima, Aldo A. M.; Oliveira, Domingos B.] Univ Fed Ceara, Inst Biomed, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil.
   [Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.; Alam, Didar] Aga Khan Univ, Ctr Excellence Women & Child Hlth, Karachi, Pakistan.
   [Kang, Gagandeep; Babji, Sudhir] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Div Gastrointestinal Sci, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [Samie, Amidou; Bessong, Pascal] Univ Venda, Dept Microbiol, Thohoyandou, South Africa.
   [Amour, Caroline; Mduma, Estomih] Haydom Lutheran Hosp, Haydom, Tanzania.
   [Mason, Carl J.; Shrestha, Sanjaya K.] Walter Reed Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Kathmandu, Nepal.
   [Lang, Dennis R.; Gottlieb, Michael] Fdn NIH, Bethesda, MD USA.
   [Guerrant, Richard L.] Univ Virginia, Div Infect Dis, Charlottesville, VA USA.
   [Lee, Gwenyth O.] Univ Michigan, Dept Epidemiol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
   [Lee, Gwenyth O.; McCormick, Benjamin J. J.; Seidman, Jessica C.] Fogarty Int Ctr, DIEPS, Bethesda, MD USA.
   [Kosek, Margaret N.; Ambikapathi, Ramya; Caulfield, Laura E.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA.
   [Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.; Alam, Didar] Aga Khan Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Paediat, Karachi, Pakistan.
   [Mason, Carl J.] Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Enter Dis, Bangkok, Thailand.
   [Ahmed, Tahmeed] Icddr B, Nutr Programme, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
   [Penataro Yori, Pablo] Asociac Benef Prisma, Unidad Invest Biomed, Calle Ramirez Hurtado, Iquitos, Peru.
   [Shrestha, Sanjaya K.] Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Enter Dis, Kathmandu, Nepal.
RP Kosek, MN (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, 615 North Wolfe St,E5545, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA.
EM gwenyth.lee@gmail.com; ben.mccormick@gmail.com; seidmanj@mail.nih.gov;
   mkosek@jhmi.edu; rhaque@icddrb.org; mparedeso@prisma.org.pe;
   alima@ufc.br; zulfiqar.bhutta@aku.edu; gkang@cmcvellore.ac.in;
   samie.amidou@univen.ac.za; lyneamour@gmail.com; carlmason@icloud.com;
   tahmeed@icddrb.org; pyori@jhu.edu; domingosbaroliver@hotmail.com;
   didar.alam@aku.edu; sudhirbabji@cmcvellore.ac.in;
   pascal.bes-song@univen.ac.za; estomduma@gmail.com;
   shresthask.ca@afrims.org; rambika1@jhu.edu; lang4@fnih.org;
   mgottlieb@fnih.org; rlg9a@virginia.edu; lcaulfi1@jhu.edu
RI Lima, Aldo/D-8251-2018
OI Lima, Aldo/0000-0002-0299-1747; Oria, Reinaldo/0000-0002-6914-5481;
   MASON, CARL/0000-0002-3676-2811; Bessong, Pascal/0000-0003-0561-272X
FU Bill AMP; Melinda Gates Foundation; Foundation for the NIH; National
   Institutes of Health, Fogarty International Center
FX The Etiology, Risk Factors and Interactions of Enteric Infections and
   Malnutrition and the Consequences for Child Health and Development
   Project (MAL-ED) is carried out as a collaborative project supported by
   the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the Foundation for the NIH, and the
   National Institutes of Health, Fogarty International Center.
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NR 47
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 4
PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE
PI MCLEAN
PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA
SN 0002-9637
EI 1476-1645
J9 AM J TROP MED HYG
JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg.
PY 2017
VL 97
IS 1
BP 281
EP 290
DI 10.4269/ajtmh.16-0830
PG 10
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine
GA FG1AB
UT WOS:000409523900043
PM 28719336
OA Green Published, Other Gold
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Sinha, S
   Aggarwal, AR
   Osmond, C
   Fall, CHD
   Bhargava, SK
   Sachdev, HS
AF Sinha, Sikha
   Aggarwal, Abha Rani
   Osmond, Clive
   Fall, Caroline H. D.
   Bhargava, Santosh K.
   Sachdev, Harshpal Singh
TI Maternal Age at Childbirth and Perinatal and Under-five Mortality in a
   Prospective Birth Cohort from Delhi
SO INDIAN PEDIATRICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Child mortality; Risk factors; Teenage pregnancy
ID ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY; TEENAGE PREGNANCY; INFANT-MORTALITY; OUTCOMES;
   MULTIVARIATE; INDIA
AB Objective: To evaluate the relationship between maternal age at child birth, and perinatal and under-five mortality.
   Design: Prospective birth cohort.
   Setting: Urban community.
   Participants: 9169 pregnancies in the New Delhi Birth Cohort resulted in 8181 live births. These children were followed for survival status and anthropometric measurements at birth (+3 days), 3,6,9 and 12 months (7 days), and every 6 months thereafter until 21 years age. Information on maternal age at child birth and socio-demographic profile was also obtained.
   Outcome measures: Offspring mortality from 28 weeks gestation till 5 years age.
   Results: Offspring mortality (stillbirths 5 years; n=328) had a U-shaped association with maternal age (P<0.001). Compared to the reference group (20-24 years), younger (<= 19 years) and older (>= 35 years) maternal ages were associated with a higher risk of offspring mortality (HR: 1.68; 95% CI 1.16, 2.43 and HR 1.48; 95% CI 1.01, 2.16, respectively). In young mothers, the increased risk persisted after adjustment for socio-economic confounders (maternal education, household income and wealth; HR 1.51; 95% CI 1.03, 2.20) and further for additional behavioral (place of delivery) and biological mediators (gestation and birthweight) (HR 2.14; 95% CI 1.25,3.64). Similar associations were documented for post-perinatal deaths but for perinatal mortality the higher risk was not statistically significant (P >0.05). In older mothers, the increased mortality risk was not statistically significant (P >0.05) after adjustment for socio-economic confounders.
   Conclusion: Young motherhood is associated with an increased risk of post-perinatal mortality and measures to prevent early childbearing should be strengthened.
C1 [Sinha, Sikha; Sachdev, Harshpal Singh] Sitaram Bhartia Inst Sci & Res, B-16 Qutab Inst Area, New Delhi 110016, India.
   [Sinha, Sikha] Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha Univ, Univ Sch Med & Para Med Hlth Sci, Delhi, India.
   [Aggarwal, Abha Rani] Indian Council Med Res, Natl Inst Med Stat, New Delhi, India.
   [Osmond, Clive; Fall, Caroline H. D.] Univ Southampton, MRC Lifecourse Epidemiol Unit, Southampton, Hants, England.
   [Bhargava, Santosh K.] Sunder Lal Jain Hosp, New Delhi, India.
RP Sachdev, HS (reprint author), Sitaram Bhartia Inst Sci & Res, B-16 Qutab Inst Area, New Delhi 110016, India.
EM hpssachdev@gmail.com
FU Indian Council of Medical Research through Senior Research Fellowship
   Scheme; National Center for Health Statistics, USA; Indian Council of
   Medical Research; Medical Research Council [MC_UU_12011/3,
   MC_UP_A620_1016, U1475000003]
FX Indian Council of Medical Research for supporting Ms. Sikha Sinha
   through the Senior Research Fellowship Scheme. The original cohort
   studies were supported by the National Center for Health Statistics, USA
   and the Indian Council of Medical Research.
CR [Anonymous], 2014, SRS STAT REP, V49
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NR 24
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 9
PU SPRINGER INDIA
PI NEW DELHI
PA 7TH FLOOR, VIJAYA BUILDING, 17, BARAKHAMBA ROAD, NEW DELHI, 110 001,
   INDIA
SN 0019-6061
EI 0974-7559
J9 INDIAN PEDIATR
JI Indian Pediatrics
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 53
IS 10
BP 871
EP 877
AR PII S097475591600015
DI 10.1007/s13312-016-0950-9
PG 7
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA EA2II
UT WOS:000386415600003
PM 27484448
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Sarkar, R
   Kang, G
   Naumova, EN
AF Sarkar, Rajiv
   Kang, Gagandeep
   Naumova, Elena N.
TI Rotavirus Seasonality and Age Effects in a Birth Cohort Study of
   Southern India
SO PLOS ONE
LA English
DT Article
ID LESS-THAN-5 YEARS; NATURAL-HISTORY; UNITED-STATES; CHILDREN; INFECTION;
   DIARRHEA; DISEASE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SURVEILLANCE; VACCINE
AB Introduction: Understanding the temporal patterns in disease occurrence is valuable for formulating effective disease preventive programs. Cohort studies present a unique opportunity to explore complex interactions associated with emergence of seasonal patterns of infectious diseases.
   Methods: We used data from 452 children participating in a birth cohort study to assess the seasonal patterns of rotavirus diarrhea by creating a weekly time series of rotavirus incidence and fitting a Poisson harmonic regression with biannual peaks. Age and cohort effects were adjusted for by including the weekly counts of number of children in the study and the median age of cohort in a given week. Weekly average temperature, humidity and an interaction term to reflect the joint effect of temperature and humidity were included to consider the effects of meteorological variables.
   Results: In the overall rotavirus time series, two significant peaks within a single year were observed - one in winter and the other in summer. The effect of age was found to be the most significant contributor for rotavirus incidence, showing a strong negative association. Seasonality remained a significant factor, even after adjusting for meteorological parameters, and the age and cohort effects.
   Conclusions: The methodology for assessing seasonality in cohort studies is not yet developed. This is the first attempt to explore seasonal patterns in a cohort study with a dynamic denominator and rapidly changing immune response on individual and group levels, and provides a highly promising approach for a better understanding of the seasonal patterns of infectious diseases, tracking emergence of pathogenic strains and evaluating the efficacy of intervention programs.
C1 [Sarkar, Rajiv; Kang, Gagandeep; Naumova, Elena N.] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Gastrointestinal Sci, Vellore, TN, India.
   [Naumova, Elena N.] Tufts Univ, Sch Engn, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Boston, MA 02111 USA.
RP Naumova, EN (reprint author), Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Gastrointestinal Sci, Vellore, TN, India.
EM Elena.Naumova@tufts.edu
OI Naumova, Elena/0000-0002-9562-4734; Kang, Gagandeep/0000-0002-3656-564X
FU PHS [R01 A1075452]; CDC/Indo-US Concept "Environmental Indicators for
   Diarrheal Infections in South India"; Global Infectious Disease Research
   Training Grant [D43TW007392]; Wellcome Trust Trilateral Initiative for
   Infectious Diseases [063144]
FX This work was supported by PHS grant R01 A1075452 "Transmission Dynamics
   of Cryptosporidial Infections in India" (PI - GK); CDC/Indo-US Concept
   "Environmental Indicators for Diarrheal Infections in South India" (PI -
   ENN). RS was supported by the Global Infectious Disease Research
   Training Grant (D43TW007392; PI - GK). The data used in this study was
   collected from a rotavirus birth cohort study supported by the Wellcome
   Trust Trilateral Initiative for Infectious Diseases (Grant No.: 063144).
   The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis,
   decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
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NR 37
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 2
U2 12
PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA
SN 1932-6203
J9 PLOS ONE
JI PLoS One
PD AUG 16
PY 2013
VL 8
IS 8
AR e71616
DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0071616
PG 10
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 207BA
UT WOS:000323570200037
PM 23977089
OA DOAJ Gold, Green Published
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Sarkar, R
   Ajjampur, SS
   Ward, HD
   Kang, G
   Naumova, EN
AF Sarkar, Rajiv
   Ajjampur, Sitara S.
   Ward, Honorine D.
   Kang, Gagandeep
   Naumova, Elena N.
TI Analysis of human immune responses in quasi-experimental settings:
   tutorial in biostatistics
SO BMC MEDICAL RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID BIRTH COHORT; SOUTH-INDIA; CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SEASONALITY;
   CHILDREN; METAANALYSIS; ROTAVIRUS; COMMUNITY; DISEASES
AB Background: Human immunology is a growing field of research in which experimental, clinical, and analytical methods of many life science disciplines are utilized. Classic epidemiological study designs, including observational longitudinal birth cohort studies, offer strong potential for gaining new knowledge and insights into immune response to pathogens in humans. However, rigorous discussion of methodological issues related to designs and statistical analysis that are appropriate for longitudinal studies is lacking.
   Methods: In this communication we address key questions of quality and validity of traditional and recently developed statistical tools applied to measures of immune responses. For this purpose we use data on humoral immune response (IR) associated with the first cryptosporidial diarrhea in a birth cohort of children residing in an urban slum in south India. The main objective is to detect the difference and derive inferences for a change in IR measured at two time points, before (pre) and after (post) an event of interest. We illustrate the use and interpretation of analytical and data visualization techniques including generalized linear and additive models, data-driven smoothing, and combinations of box-, scatter-, and needle-plots.
   Results: We provide step-by-step instructions for conducting a thorough and relatively simple analytical investigation, describe the challenges and pitfalls, and offer practical solutions for comprehensive examination of data. We illustrate how the assumption of time irrelevance can be handled in a study with a pre-post design. We demonstrate how one can study the dynamics of IR in humans by considering the timing of response following an event of interest and seasonal fluctuation of exposure by proper alignment of time of measurements. This alignment of calendar time of measurements and a child's age at the event of interest allows us to explore interactions between IR, seasonal exposures and age at first infection.
   Conclusions: The use of traditional statistical techniques to analyze immunological data derived from observational human studies can result in loss of important information. Detailed analysis using well-tailored techniques allows the depiction of new features of immune response to a pathogen in longitudinal studies in humans. The proposed staged approach has prominent implications for future study designs and analyses.
C1 [Sarkar, Rajiv; Ajjampur, Sitara S.; Ward, Honorine D.; Kang, Gagandeep; Naumova, Elena N.] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [Ward, Honorine D.] Tufts Med Ctr, Boston, MA USA.
   [Naumova, Elena N.] Tufts Univ, Sch Engn, Medford, MA 02155 USA.
RP Naumova, EN (reprint author), Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
EM elena.naumova@tufts.edu
OI Naumova, Elena/0000-0002-9562-4734; Kang, Gagandeep/0000-0002-3656-564X
FU PHS [R03 TW2711]; NIAID [R01 AI072222]; CDC/Indo-US Concept
   "Environmental Indicators for Diarrheal Infections in South India" (PI -
   Naumova); Global Infectious Disease Research Training Grant
   [D43TW007392]; Wellcome Trust Trilateral Initiative for Infectious
   Diseases [063144]
FX This work was supported by PHS grants R03 TW2711 "Molecular epidemiology
   of cryptosporidiosis in India", NIAID R01 AI072222 "Immune Response to
   Cryptosporidium in a Birth Cohort of Children of South India" (PI -
   Ward); CDC/Indo-US Concept "Environmental Indicators for Diarrheal
   Infections in South India" (PI - Naumova). RS was supported by the
   Global Infectious Disease Research Training Grant (D43TW007392; PI -
   Kang). The data used in this tutorial was collected from a study
   supported by the Wellcome Trust Trilateral Initiative for Infectious
   Diseases (Grant No.: 063144). Authors wish to express their gratitude to
   Drs. Janet Forrester, Bertha Estrella, Yuri Naumov, and Stefan
   Collinet-Adler for their thoughtful comments and suggestions.
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NR 21
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 5
PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD
PI LONDON
PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND
SN 1471-2288
J9 BMC MED RES METHODOL
JI BMC Med. Res. Methodol.
PD JAN 3
PY 2012
VL 12
AR 1
DI 10.1186/1471-2288-12-1
PG 18
WC Health Care Sciences & Services
SC Health Care Sciences & Services
GA 949ZZ
UT WOS:000304619200001
PM 22214542
OA DOAJ Gold, Green Published
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Joseph, N
   Subba, SH
   Naik, VA
   Mahantshetti, NS
   Mallapur, MD
AF Joseph, Nitin
   Subba, S. H.
   Naik, Vijaya A.
   Mahantshetti, N. S.
   Mallapur, M. D.
TI Morbidity among infants in South India: A longitudinal study
SO INDIAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Infants; Incidence; Morbidity
ID CONSANGUINITY; PATTERN
AB To study the incidence and types of morbidity in the first year of life in a birth cohort, a longitudinal study. This study was undertaken in northern part of Karnataka state in India. Birth cohort consisted of all the children born during first six months of the study period. They were assessed at the time of enrollment and monthly follow up was done till they attained one yr of age. Out of the 194 newborns, 46.4% were boys and 53.6% were girls. 24.8% of newborns were of low birth weight and 5.1% were preterm. Four (2.1%) had congenital anomalies and 2.5% developed birth asphyxia. Diarrhea (10.8%) and skin diseases (8.2%) were the commonest morbidities in the neonatal period. The incidence of morbidity was 3.28 per infant per yr. It was more among boys and in the second half of infancy. Commonest morbidities during infancy were respiratory tract infection (62.4%), diarrhea 42.8% and skin diseases (21.6%). Incidence of disease in infancy highlights the need to improve and plan health programmes.
C1 [Joseph, Nitin; Subba, S. H.] Kasturba Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Community Med, Mangalore 575001, Karnataka, India.
   [Naik, Vijaya A.; Mallapur, M. D.] JN Med Coll, Dept Community Med, Belgaum, Karnataka, India.
   [Mahantshetti, N. S.] JN Med Coll, Dept Pediat, Belgaum, Karnataka, India.
RP Joseph, N (reprint author), Kasturba Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Community Med, Light House,Hill Rd, Mangalore 575001, Karnataka, India.
EM drnitinjoseph@gmail.com
CR Ahmed H M, 1991, J Egypt Public Health Assoc, V66, P253
   Ahmed S, 2001, J TROP PEDIATRICS, V47, P98, DOI 10.1093/tropej/47.2.98
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   PARK K, 2005, TXB PREVENTIVE SOCIA, P391
   Vaahtera M, 2000, PAEDIATR PERINAT EP, V14, P363, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-3016.2000.00308.x
NR 10
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPRINGER INDIA
PI NEW DELHI
PA 7TH FLOOR, VIJAYA BUILDING, 17, BARAKHAMBA ROAD, NEW DELHI, 110 001,
   INDIA
SN 0019-5456
EI 0973-7693
J9 INDIAN J PEDIATR
JI Indian J. Pediatr.
PD APR
PY 2010
VL 77
IS 4
BP 456
EP 458
DI 10.1007/s12098-010-0018-0
PG 3
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA 601AB
UT WOS:000278029200019
PM 20140772
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Rao, S
   Apte, P
AF Rao, Shobha
   Apte, Priti
TI Social class-related gradient in the association of skeletal growth with
   blood pressure among adolescent boys in India
SO PUBLIC HEALTH NUTRITION
LA English
DT Article
DE Adolescents; Leg length; Leg length to height ratio; Blood pressure
ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; LEG LENGTH; BIRTH COHORT; HEALTH; BRITISH;
   HEIGHT; RISK; CHILDREN; OBESITY; ADULTS
AB Objective: in view of the fact that height differences between socio-economic groups are apparent early in childhood, it is of interest to examine whether skeletal growth is reflective of the social class gradient in CVD risk. The present Study examined blood pressure levels, adiposity and growth of adolescent boys from high and low social classes.
   Design: In a cross-sectional study, skeletal growth (height and sitting height), adiposity (weight, BMI and body fat) and Wood pressure levels of the adolescents were measured.
   Setting: Pune, India.
   Subjects: Adolescent schoolboys (9-16 years) from high socio-economic (HSE: n 1146) and low socio-economic (LSE; n 932) class.
   Results: LSE boys were thin, short and undernourished (mean BMI: 15-5 kg/m(2) V. 19.3 kg/m(2) in HSE boys, P= 0.00). Social gradient was revealed in differing health risks. The Prevalence of high systolic blood pressure (HSBP) was high in HSE class (10.5 % v. 2.7 % in LSE class, P = 0.00) and was associated with adiposity, while the prevalence of high diastolic blood pressure (HDBP) was high in LSE class (9.8% v. 7.0% in HSE class, P= 0.00) and had only a weak association,with adiposity. Despite this, lower ratio of leg length to height was associated with significantly higher respective health risks, i.e. for HDBP in LSE class (OR = 1.99, 95 % CI 1.14, 3.47) and for HSBP in HSE class (OR = 1.69, 95 % CI 1.02, 2.77).
   Conclusions., As stunting in childhood is a major problem in India and Asia, the leg length to height indicator needs to be validated in different populations to understand CVD risks.
C1 [Rao, Shobha; Apte, Priti] Agharkar Res Inst, Biometry & Nutr Grp, Pune 411004, Maharashtra, India.
RP Rao, S (reprint author), Agharkar Res Inst, Biometry & Nutr Grp, GG Agarkar Rd, Pune 411004, Maharashtra, India.
EM raoari@yahoo.com
FU Agharkar Research Institute
FX The study Was supported by internal funds of the Agharkar Research
   Institute. The authors have no conflict of interest. S.R. was
   responsible for writing the proposal for funding, guiding the required.
   data analysis and writing the present manuscript. P.A. was responsible
   for the execution of the project, data collection and data analysis. The
   authors are grateful to Dr V.S. Rao, Director of the Agharkar Research
   Institute, for encouragement and the provision of funds and facilities
   to carry out this work in the Institute. The help of other staff members
   in the Department during data collection is greatly appreciated.
CR AGARWAL DK, 1992, INDIAN PEDIATR, V29, P1228
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NR 20
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 2
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND
SN 1368-9800
J9 PUBLIC HEALTH NUTR
JI Public Health Nutr.
PD DEC
PY 2009
VL 12
IS 12
BP 2256
EP 2262
DI 10.1017/S1368980009005229
PG 7
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics
GA 526RZ
UT WOS:000272312300003
PM 19323864
OA Bronze
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Lin, A
   Ercumen, A
   Benjamin-Chung, J
   Arnold, BF
   Das, S
   Haque, R
   Ashraf, S
   Parvez, SM
   Unicomb, L
   Rahman, M
   Hubbard, AE
   Stewart, CP
   Colford, JM
   Luby, SP
AF Lin, Audrie
   Ercumen, Ayse
   Benjamin-Chung, Jade
   Arnold, Benjamin F.
   Das, Shimul
   Haque, Rashidul
   Ashraf, Sania
   Parvez, Sarker M.
   Unicomb, Leanne
   Rahman, Mahbubur
   Hubbard, Alan E.
   Stewart, Christine P.
   Colford, John M., Jr.
   Luby, Stephen P.
TI Effects of Water, Sanitation, Handwashing, and Nutritional Interventions
   on Child Enteric Protozoan Infections in Rural Bangladesh: A
   Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial
SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
DE water; sanitation; hygiene; nutrition; Giardia
ID DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; DIARRHEAL DISEASE; GIARDIA INFECTION; BIRTH
   COHORT; QUALITY; IMPACT; GROWTH; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM; ACCEPTABILITY;
   FEASIBILITY
AB Background. We evaluated effects of individual and combined water, sanitation, handwashing (WSH), and nutritional interventions on protozoan infections in children.
   Methods. We randomized geographical clusters of pregnant women in rural Bangladesh into chlorinated drinking water, hygienic sanitation, handwashing, nutrition, combined WSH, nutrition plus WSH (N+WSH), or control arms. Participants were not masked. After approximately 2.5 years of intervention, we measured Giardia, Cryptosporidium, and Entamoeba histolytica prevalence and infection intensity by multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction of child stool. Analysis was intention-to-treat.
   Results. Between May 2012 and July 2013, we randomized 5551 pregnant women. At follow-up, among 4102 available women, we enrolled 6694 children into the protozoan assessment. We analyzed stool from 5933 children (aged similar to 31 months) for protozoan infections. Compared with 35.5% prevalence among controls, Giardia infection prevalence was lower in the sanitation (26.5%; prevalence ratio [PR], 0.75 [95% confidence interval (CI), .64-.88]), handwashing (28.2%; PR, 0.80 [95% CI, .66-.96]), WSH (29.7%; PR, 0.83 [95% CI, .72-.96]), and N+WSH (26.7%; PR, 0.75 [95% CI, .64-.88]) arms. Water and nutrition interventions had no effect. Low prevalence of E. histolytica and Cryptosporidium (<2%) resulted in imprecise effect estimates.
   Conclusions. Individual handwashing and hygienic sanitation interventions significantly reduced childhood Giardia infections, and there were no effects of chlorinated drinking water and nutrition improvements in this context. Combined WSH interventions provided no additional benefit. To reduce Giardia infection, individual WSH interventions may be more feasible and cost-effective than combined interventions in similar rural, low-income settings.
C1 [Lin, Audrie; Ercumen, Ayse; Benjamin-Chung, Jade; Arnold, Benjamin F.; Hubbard, Alan E.; Colford, John M., Jr.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol & Biostat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Das, Shimul; Haque, Rashidul; Ashraf, Sania; Parvez, Sarker M.; Unicomb, Leanne; Rahman, Mahbubur] Int Ctr Diarrhoea Dis Res, Infect Dis Div, Enter & Resp Infect Programme, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
   [Stewart, Christine P.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
   [Luby, Stephen P.] Stanford Univ, Infect Dis & Geog Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
RP Lin, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol, 101 Haviland Hall,MC 7358, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM audrielin@berkeley.edu
OI Lin, Audrie/0000-0002-3877-3469
FU Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation [OPPGD759]
FX This research was financially supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates
   Foundation (Global Development grant number OPPGD759 to the University
   of California, Berkeley). The icddr, b is grateful to the governments of
   Bangladesh, Canada, Sweden, and the United Kingdom for providing
   core/unrestricted support.
CR Arnold BF, 2013, BMJ OPEN, V3, DOI 10.1136/bmjopen-2013-003476
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NR 35
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 1
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
PI CARY
PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA
SN 1058-4838
EI 1537-6591
J9 CLIN INFECT DIS
JI Clin. Infect. Dis.
PD NOV 15
PY 2018
VL 67
IS 10
BP 1515
EP 1522
DI 10.1093/cid/ciy320
PG 8
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
GA HA2FX
UT WOS:000450051300005
PM 29669039
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Ke, C
   Gupta, R
   Xavier, D
   Prabhakaran, D
   Mathur, P
   Kalkonde, YV
   Kolpak, P
   Suraweera, W
   Jha, P
AF Ke, Calvin
   Gupta, Rajeev
   Xavier, Denis
   Prabhakaran, Dorairaj
   Mathur, Prashant
   Kalkonde, Yogeshwar V.
   Kolpak, Patrycja
   Suraweera, Wilson
   Jha, Prabhat
CA Million Death Study Collaborators
TI Divergent trends in ischaemic heart disease and stroke mortality in
   India from 2000 to 2015: a nationally representative mortality study
SO LANCET GLOBAL HEALTH
LA English
DT Article
ID HIGH-INCOME COUNTRIES; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; PROSPECTIVE COHORT;
   ICMR-INDIAB; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PREVALENCE; PREVENTION; QUANTIFY; SMOKING;
   ADULTS
AB Introduction India accounts for about a fifth of cardiovascular deaths globally, but nationally representative data on mortality trends are not yet available. In this nationwide mortality study, we aimed to assess the trends in ischaemic heart disease and stroke mortality over 15 years using the Million Death Study.
   Methods We determined national and subnational cardiovascular mortality rates and trends by sex and birth cohort using cause of death ascertained by verbal autopsy from 2001 to 2013 among 2.4 million households. We derived mortality rates for ischaemic heart disease and stroke by applying mortality proportions to UN mortality estimates for India and projected the rates from 2000 to 2015.
   Findings Cardiovascular disease caused more than 2.1 million deaths in India in 2015 at all ages, or more than a quarter of all deaths. At ages 30-69 years, of 1.3 million cardiovascular deaths, 0.9 million (68.4%) were caused by ischaemic heart disease and 0.4 million (28.0%) by stroke. At these ages, the probability of dying from ischaemic heart disease increased during 2000-15, from 10.4% to 13.1% in men and 4.8% to 6.6% in women. Ischaemic heart disease mortality rates in rural areas increased rapidly and surpassed those in urban areas. By contrast, the probability of dying from stroke decreased from 5.7% to 5.0% in men and 5.0% to 3.9% in women. A third of premature stroke deaths occurred in the northeastern states, inhabited by a sixth of India's population, where rates increased significantly and were three times higher than the national average. The increased mortality rates of ischaemic heart disease nationally and stroke in the northeastern states were higher in the cohorts of adults born in the 1970s onwards, than in earlier decades. A large and growing proportion of the ischaemic heart disease nationally and stroke deaths in high-burden states reported earlier diagnosis of cardiovascular disease, but low medication use.
   Interpretation The unexpectedly diverse patterns of cardiovascular mortality require investigation to identify the role of established and new cardiovascular risk factors. Secondary prevention with effective and inexpensive long-term treatment and adult smoking cessation could prevent substantial numbers of premature deaths. Without progress against the control of cardiovascular disease in India, global goals to reduce non-communicable diseases by 2030 will be difficult to achieve. Copyright (C) 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.
C1 [Ke, Calvin] Univ Toronto, St Michaels Hosp, Ctr Global Hlth Res, Inst Hlth Policy Management & Evaluat, Toronto, ON, Canada.
   [Ke, Calvin] Univ Toronto, St Michaels Hosp, Ctr Global Hlth Res, Dept Med, Toronto, ON, Canada.
   [Ke, Calvin; Kolpak, Patrycja; Suraweera, Wilson; Jha, Prabhat] Univ Toronto, Dalla Lana Sch Publ Hlth, Toronto, ON, Canada.
   [Gupta, Rajeev] Rajasthan Univ Hlth Sci, Acad Res Dev Unit, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.
   [Xavier, Denis] St Johns Med Coll & Res Inst, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
   [Prabhakaran, Dorairaj] Publ Hlth Fdn India, Gurugram, Haryana, India.
   [Mathur, Prashant] Indian Council Med Res, Natl Ctr Dis Informat & Res, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
   [Kalkonde, Yogeshwar V.] Soc Educ Act & Res Community Hlth, Gadchiroli, Maharashtra, India.
RP Jha, P (reprint author), Univ Toronto, St Michaels Hosp, Ctr Global Hlth Res, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada.
EM prabhat.jha@utoronto.ca
OI Ke, Calvin/0000-0002-9944-4976
FU Fogarty International Center of the US National Institutes of Health;
   Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; Indian
   Council of Medical Research; Disease Control Priorities
FX Fogarty International Center of the US National Institutes of Health,
   Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Indian
   Council of Medical Research, and the Disease Control Priorities.
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NR 36
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 0
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 2214-109X
J9 LANCET GLOB HEALTH
JI Lancet Glob. Health
PD AUG
PY 2018
VL 6
IS 8
BP E914
EP E923
DI 10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30242-0
PG 10
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA GN2IM
UT WOS:000438821600026
PM 30012272
OA DOAJ Gold
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU George, CM
   Burrowes, V
   Perin, J
   Oldja, L
   Biswas, S
   Sack, D
   Ahmed, S
   Haque, R
   Bhuiyan, NA
   Parvin, T
   Bhuyian, SI
   Akter, M
   Li, S
   Natarajan, G
   Shahnaij, M
   Faruque, AG
   Stine, OC
AF George, Christine Marie
   Burrowes, Vanessa
   Perin, Jamie
   Oldja, Lauren
   Biswas, Shwapon
   Sack, David
   Ahmed, Shahnawaz
   Haque, Rashidul
   Bhuiyan, Nurul Amin
   Parvin, Tahmina
   Bhuyian, Sazzadul Islam
   Akter, Mahmuda
   Li, Shan
   Natarajan, Gayathri
   Shahnaij, Mohammad
   Faruque, Abu G.
   Stine, O. Colin
TI Enteric Infections in Young Children are Associated with Environmental
   Enteropathy and Impaired Growth
SO TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH
LA English
DT Article
DE enteric infections; environmental enteropathy; impaired growth;
   infections enteriques; enteropathie environnementale; croissance alteree
ID INTESTINAL BARRIER FUNCTION; ED BIRTH COHORT; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; RURAL
   BANGLADESH; PEDIATRIC SHIGELLOSIS; DIARRHEAL DISEASE; GAMBIAN INFANTS;
   GIARDIA-LAMBLIA; LINEAR GROWTH; FECAL MARKERS
AB ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between faecal contamination in child play spaces, enteric infections, environmental enteropathy (EE) and impaired growth among young children.
   MethodsA prospective cohort study was conducted of 203 children 6-30months of age in rural Bangladesh. Stool samples were analysed by quantitative PCR for Shigella, Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), Campylobacter jejuni, Giardia intestinalis and Cryptosporidium spp. Four faecal markers of intestinal inflammation were also measured: alpha-1-antitrypsin, myeloperoxidase, neopterin and calprotectin. Child growth was measured at baseline and 9months after enrolment. E.coli was measured in soil in child play spaces.
   ResultsForty-seven percent of study children had three or more enteric pathogens in their stool. Thirty five percent (71/203) of children had Shigella, 30% (61/203) had ETEC, 73% (148/203) had C.jejuni, 79% (160/203) had Giardia intestinalis and none had Cryptosporidium. Children with ETEC had significantly higher calprotectin concentrations (Coefficient: 1.35, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.005, 1.82). Children with Shigella had a significantly higher odds of being stunted at our 9-month follow-up (OR: 2.01, 95% CI: 1.02, 3.93). Children with Giardia intestinalis had significantly higher E.coli counts in the soil collected from their play spaces (OR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.48).
   ConclusionEnteric infections were significantly associated with EE and impaired growth in rural Bangladesh. These findings provide further evidence to support the hypothesis that contaminated soil in child play spaces can lead to enteric infections, many of which are likely subclinical, resulting in EE and impaired growth in young children.
   ObjectifEtudier la relation entre la contamination fecale dans les aires de jeux pour enfants, les infections enteriques, l'enteropathie environnementale (EE) et l'alteration de la croissance chez les jeunes enfants.
   MethodesEtude de cohorte prospective de 203 enfants ages de 6 a 30 mois dans les zones rurales du Bangladesh. Les echantillons de selles ont ete analyses par la PCR quantitative pour la detection de Shigella, Escherichia coli enterotoxigene (ECET), Campylobacter jejuni, Giardia spp et Cryptosporidium spp. Quatre marqueurs fecaux de l'inflammation intestinale ont egalement ete mesures: alpha-1-antitrypsine, myeloperoxydase, neopterine et calprotectine. La croissance de l'enfant a ete mesuree au depart et 9 mois apres l'inscription. E. coli a ete enumere dans le sol des aires de jeu pour enfants.
   Resultats47% des enfants de l'etude avaient trois pathogenes enteriques ou plus dans leurs selles. 35% (71/203) des enfants avaient Shigella, 30% (61/203) avaient ECET, 73% (148/203) avaient C. jejuni, 79% (160/203) avaient Giardia et aucun n'avait Cryptosporidium. Les enfants avec ECET presentaient des concentrations de calprotectine significativement plus elevees (Coefficient: 1,35; IC95%: 1,005-1,82). Les enfants avec Shigella presentaient des risques significativement plus eleves de retard de croissance apres les 9 mois de suivi (OR: 2,01; IC95%: 1,02-3,93) .Les enfants avec Giardia dans leurs selles ont joue dans des espaces oU la numeration de E. coli etait significativement plus elevee. (OR: 1,23; IC95%: 1,02-1,48).
   ConclusionLa presence de pathogenes enteriques dans les selles etait significativement associee a l'EE et a une croissance alteree dans les zones rurales du Bangladesh. Ces resultats apportent des preuves supplementaires a l'appui de l'hypothese selon laquelle les sols contamines dans les aires de jeux pour enfants peuvent entrainer des infections enteriques dont beaucoup sont probablement subcliniques, entrainant une EE et une alteration de la croissance chez les jeunes enfants.
C1 [George, Christine Marie; Burrowes, Vanessa; Perin, Jamie; Oldja, Lauren; Sack, David; Natarajan, Gayathri] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA.
   [Biswas, Shwapon; Ahmed, Shahnawaz; Haque, Rashidul; Bhuiyan, Nurul Amin; Parvin, Tahmina; Bhuyian, Sazzadul Islam; Akter, Mahmuda; Shahnaij, Mohammad; Faruque, Abu G.] Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
   [Biswas, Shwapon] Rangpur Med Coll Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Rangpur, Bangladesh.
   [Li, Shan; Stine, O. Colin] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA.
RP George, CM (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Program Global Dis Epidemiol & Control, 615 N Wolfe St,Room E5535, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA.
EM cmgeorge1@jhu.edu
OI Stine, O. Colin/0000-0003-3974-3752
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NR 53
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 8
PU WILEY
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1360-2276
EI 1365-3156
J9 TROP MED INT HEALTH
JI Trop. Med. Int. Health
PD JAN
PY 2018
VL 23
IS 1
BP 26
EP 33
DI 10.1111/tmi.13002
PG 8
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine
GA FR5XM
UT WOS:000419139900003
PM 29121442
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Lewnard, JA
   Lopman, BA
   Parashar, UD
   Bar-Zeev, N
   Samuel, P
   Guerrero, ML
   Ruiz-Palacios, GM
   Kang, G
   Pitzer, VE
AF Lewnard, Joseph A.
   Lopman, Benjamin A.
   Parashar, Umesh D.
   Bar-Zeev, Naor
   Samuel, Prasanna
   Guerrero, M. Lourdes
   Ruiz-Palacios, Guillermo M.
   Kang, Gagandeep
   Pitzer, Virginia E.
TI Naturally Acquired Immunity Against Rotavirus Infection and
   Gastroenteritis in Children: Paired Reanalyses of Birth Cohort Studies
SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
DE rotavirus; gastroenteritis; immunity; natural infection; birth cohort
ID SECRETOR STATUS; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; DIARRHEAL DISEASE; COMMUNITY
   COHORT; INDIAN-CHILDREN; GUINEA-BISSAU; UNITED-STATES; AGE; PROTECTION;
   INFANTS
AB Background. Observational studies in socioeconomically distinct populations have yielded conflicting conclusions about the strength of naturally acquired immunity against rotavirus gastroenteritis (RVGE), mirroring vaccine underperformance in low-income countries. We revisited birth cohort studies to understand naturally acquired protection against rotavirus infection and RVGE.
   Methods. We reanalyzed data from 200 Mexican and 373 Indian children followed from birth to 2 and 3 years of age, respectively. We reassessed protection against RVGE, decomposing the incidence rate into the rate of rotavirus infection and the risk of RVGE given infection, and tested for serum antibody correlates of protection using regression models.
   Results. Risk for primary, secondary, and subsequent infections to cause RVGE decreased per log-month of age by 28% (95% confidence interval [CI], 12%-41%), 69% (95% CI, 30%-86%), and 64% (95% CI, -186% to 95%), respectively, in Mexico City, and by 10% (95% CI, -1% to 19%), 51% (95% CI, 41%-59%) and 67% (95% CI, 57%-75%), respectively, in Vellore. Elevated serum immunoglobulin A and immunoglobulin G titers were associated with partial protection against rotavirus infection. Associations between older age and reduced risk for RVGE or moderate-to-severe RVGE given infection persisted after controlling for antibody levels.
   Conclusions. Dissimilar estimates of protection against RVGE may be due in part to age-related, antibody-independent risk for rotavirus infections to cause RVGE.
C1 [Lewnard, Joseph A.] Harvard TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Communicable Dis Dynam, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
   [Lewnard, Joseph A.; Pitzer, Virginia E.] Yale Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, New Haven, CT USA.
   [Lopman, Benjamin A.] Emory Univ, Dept Epidemiol Microbial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.
   [Lopman, Benjamin A.; Parashar, Umesh D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, Atlanta, GA USA.
   [Bar-Zeev, Naor] Univ Liverpool, Inst Infect & Global Hlth, Liverpool, Merseyside, England.
   [Bar-Zeev, Naor] Univ Malawi, Coll Med, Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clin Res Program, Blantyre, Malawi.
   [Samuel, Prasanna; Kang, Gagandeep] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Gastrointestinal Sci, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [Guerrero, M. Lourdes; Ruiz-Palacios, Guillermo M.] Inst Nacl Ciences Med & Nutr Salvado Zubrian, Mexico City, DF, Mexico.
RP Lewnard, JA (reprint author), Harvard TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Communicable Dis Dynam, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
EM jlewnard@hsph.harvard.edu
OI Bar-Zeev, Naor/0000-0003-0570-4624
FU National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases of the National
   Institutes of Health [R01AI112970]
FX The work was supported by the National Institute of Allergy and
   Infectious Diseases of the National Institutes of Health (grant number
   R01AI112970 to V. E. P.).
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NR 45
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 2
U2 6
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
PI CARY
PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA
SN 0022-1899
EI 1537-6613
J9 J INFECT DIS
JI J. Infect. Dis.
PD AUG 1
PY 2017
VL 216
IS 3
BP 317
EP 326
DI 10.1093/infdis/jix310
PG 10
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
GA FE3MW
UT WOS:000408121000005
PM 28859432
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Sindhu, KNC
   Cunliffe, N
   Peak, M
   Turner, M
   Darby, A
   Grassly, N
   Gordon, M
   Dube, Q
   Babji, S
   Praharaj, I
   Verghese, V
   Iturriza-Gomara, M
   Kang, G
AF Sindhu, Kuladaipalayam Natarajan C.
   Cunliffe, Nigel
   Peak, Matthew
   Turner, Mark
   Darby, Alistair
   Grassly, Nicholas
   Gordon, Melita
   Dube, Queen
   Babji, Sudhir
   Praharaj, Ira
   Verghese, Valsan
   Iturriza-Gomara, Miren
   Kang, Gagandeep
TI Impact of maternal antibodies and infant gut microbiota on the
   immunogenicity of rotavirus vaccines in African, Indian and European
   infants: protocol for a prospective cohort study
SO BMJ OPEN
LA English
DT Article
ID PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; BIRTH
   COHORT; DOUBLE-BLIND; BREAST-MILK; CHILDREN; MORTALITY; EFFICACY; BURDEN
AB Introduction: Gastroenteritis is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among young children living in resource-poor settings, majority of which is attributed to rotavirus. Rotavirus vaccination can therefore have a significant impact on infant mortality. However, rotavirus vaccine efficacy in Sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia is significantly lower than in highincome countries. Maternally derived antibodies, infant gut microbiota and concomitant oral polio vaccination have been proposed as potential reasons for poor vaccine performance in low-income settings. The overall aim of this study is to compare the role of maternally derived antibodies and infant gut microbiota in determining immune response to rotavirus vaccine in high-income and low-income settings, using the same vaccine and a similar study protocol.
   Methods and analysis: The study is an observational cohort in three countries-Malawi, India and UK. Mothers will be enrolled in third trimester of pregnancy and followed up, along with infants after delivery, until the infant completes two doses of oral rotavirus vaccine (along with routine immunisation). The levels of prevaccination maternally derived rotavirus-specific antibodies (IgG) will be correlated with infant seroconversion and antibody titres, 4 weeks after the second dose of rotavirus vaccine. Both withincountry and between-country comparisons of gut microbiome will be carried out between children who seroconvert and those who do not. The impact of oral polio vaccine coadministration on rotavirus vaccine response will be studied in Indian infants.
   Ethics and dissemination: Ethical approvals have been obtained from Integrated Research Application System (IRAS, NHS ethics) in UK, College of Medicine Research and Ethics Committee (COMREC) in Malawi and Institutional Review Board (IRB), Christian Medical College, Vellore in India. Participant recruitment and follow-up is ongoing at all three sites. Analysis of data, followed by publication of the results, is expected in 2018.
C1 [Sindhu, Kuladaipalayam Natarajan C.; Babji, Sudhir; Praharaj, Ira; Kang, Gagandeep] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Div Gastrointestinal Sci, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [Cunliffe, Nigel; Turner, Mark; Darby, Alistair; Gordon, Melita; Iturriza-Gomara, Miren] Univ Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside, England.
   [Peak, Matthew] Alder Hey Childrens NHS Fdn Trust, Liverpool, Merseyside, England.
   [Grassly, Nicholas] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London, England.
   [Dube, Queen] Malawi Coll Med, Blantyre, Malawi.
   [Verghese, Valsan] Dept Child Hlth, Christian Med Coll, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
RP Kang, G (reprint author), Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Div Gastrointestinal Sci, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
EM gkang@cmcvellore.ac.in
OI Grassly, Nicholas/0000-0001-6067-4507
FU Medical Research Council/Department for International Development
   (MRC/DFID); DBT (Department of Biotechnology), India; Medical Research
   Council [MR/N006259/1]
FX The UK and Malawi sites of the study are funded through Medical Research
   Council/Department for International Development (MRC/DFID), while the
   site in India is funded through DBT (Department of Biotechnology),
   India.
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NR 47
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 3
U2 6
PU BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND
SN 2044-6055
J9 BMJ OPEN
JI BMJ Open
PD MAR
PY 2017
VL 7
IS 3
AR e016577
DI 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016577
PG 10
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA ER6ZO
UT WOS:000398959400204
PM 28360258
OA DOAJ Gold, Green Published
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Hoest, C
   Seidman, JC
   Lee, G
   Platts-Mills, JA
   Ali, A
   Olortegui, MP
   Bessong, P
   Chandyo, R
   Babji, S
   Mohan, VR
   Mondal, D
   Mahfuz, M
   Mduma, ER
   Nyathi, E
   Abreu, C
   Miller, MA
   Pan, W
   Mason, CJ
   Knobler, SL
AF Hoest, Christel
   Seidman, Jessica C.
   Lee, Gwenyth
   Platts-Mills, James A.
   Ali, Asad
   Paredes Olortegui, Maribel
   Bessong, Pascal
   Chandyo, Ram
   Babji, Sudhir
   Mohan, Venkata Raghava
   Mondal, Dinesh
   Mahfuz, Mustafa
   Mduma, Estomih R.
   Nyathi, Emanuel
   Abreu, Claudia
   Miller, Mark A.
   Pan, William
   Mason, Carl J.
   Knobler, Stacey L.
CA MAL-ED Network Investigators
TI Vaccine coverage and adherence to EPI schedules in eight resource poor
   settings in the MAL-ED cohort study
SO VACCINE
LA English
DT Article
DE Public health; Vaccine coverage; Vaccine timing; EPI; Socioeconomic
   factors; Measles
ID IMMUNIZATION COVERAGE; ENTERIC INFECTIONS; BIRTH COHORT; SOUTH-AFRICA;
   RISK-FACTORS; TIMELINESS; POLIO; SITE; MALNUTRITION; NETWORK
AB Background: Launched in 1974, the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) is estimated to prevent two-three million deaths annually from polio, diphtheria, tuberculosis, pertussis, measles, and tetanus. Additional lives could be saved through better understanding what influences adherence to the EPI schedule in specific settings.
   Methods: The Etiology, Risk Factors and Interactions of Enteric Infections and Malnutrition and the Consequences for Child Health and Development (MAL-ED) study followed cohorts in eight sites in South Asia, Africa, and South America and monitored vaccine receipt over the first two years of life for the children enrolled in the study. Vaccination histories were obtained monthly from vaccination cards, local clinic records and/or caregiver reports. Vaccination histories were compared against the prescribed EPI schedules for each country, and coverage rates were examined in relation to the timing of vaccination. The influence of socioeconomic factors on vaccine timing and coverage was also considered.
   Results: Coverage rates for EPI vaccines varied between sites and by type of vaccine; overall, coverage was highest in the Nepal and Bangladesh sites and lowest in the Tanzania and Brazil sites. Bacillus Calmette-Guerin coverage was high across all sites, 87-100%, whereas measles vaccination rates ranged widely, 73-100%. Significant delays between the scheduled administration age and actual vaccination date were present in all sites, especially for measles vaccine where less than 40% were administered on schedule. A range of socioeconomic factors were significantly associated with vaccination status in study children but these results were largely site-specific.
   Conclusions: Our findings highlight the need to improve measles vaccination rates and reduce delayed vaccination to achieve EPI targets related to the establishment of herd immunity and reduction in disease transmission. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license.
C1 [Hoest, Christel; Seidman, Jessica C.; Miller, Mark A.; Knobler, Stacey L.] Natl Inst Hlth, Fogarty Int Ctr, Div Int Epidemiol & Populat Studies Fogarty, 16 Ctr Dr,Bldg 16,Room 202, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
   [Lee, Gwenyth] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA.
   [Platts-Mills, James A.] Univ Virginia, Div Infect Dis & Int Hlth, POB 801340,345 Crispell Dr,Carter Harrison Bldg, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA.
   [Ali, Asad] Aga Khan Univ, Dept Pediat & Child Hlth, Stadium Rd, Karachi, Pakistan.
   [Paredes Olortegui, Maribel] Asociac Benef Proyectos Informat Sauld Med & Agr, Ramirez Hurtado 622, Iquitos, Peru.
   [Bessong, Pascal] Univ Venda, HIV AIDS & Global Hlth Res Programme, ZA-0950 Thohoyandou, South Africa.
   [Chandyo, Ram] Tribhuvan Univ, Inst Med, Dept Child Hlth, Kathmandu, Nepal.
   [Chandyo, Ram] Univ Bergen, Ctr Int Hlth, POB 7800, N-5020 Bergen, Norway.
   [Babji, Sudhir; Mohan, Venkata Raghava] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Community Hlth, Dept Gastrointestinal Sci, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [Mondal, Dinesh; Mahfuz, Mustafa] Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Nutr & Clin Serv Div, 68 Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh.
   [Mduma, Estomih R.] Haydom Lutheran Hosp, POB 9041, Haydom, Manyara Region, Tanzania.
   [Abreu, Claudia; MAL-ED Network Investigators] Univ Fed Ceara, Fac Med, Inst Biomed, Dept Fisiol & Farmacol, Rua Coronel Nunes Melo 1315,CP 3229, BR-60430270 Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil.
   [Pan, William] Duke Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Durham, NC USA.
   [Pan, William] Duke Univ, Duke Global Hlth Inst, Durham, NC USA.
   [Mason, Carl J.] Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok, Thailand.
RP Hoest, C (reprint author), Natl Inst Hlth, Fogarty Int Ctr, Div Int Epidemiol & Populat Studies Fogarty, 16 Ctr Dr,Bldg 16,Room 202, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
EM christel.host@nih.gov
RI Mahfuz, Mustafa/H-5923-2017; Lima, Aldo/D-8251-2018
OI Mahfuz, Mustafa/0000-0002-4090-785X; Lima, Aldo/0000-0002-0299-1747;
   Oria, Reinaldo/0000-0002-6914-5481; MASON, CARL/0000-0002-3676-2811;
   Havt, Alexandre/0000-0002-4546-2976; Ali, Syed Asad/0000-0001-5274-7665;
   Bessong, Pascal/0000-0003-0561-272X
FU Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation; Foundation for the NIH; National
   Institutes of Health, Fogarty International Center
FX The Etiology, Risk Factors and Interactions of Enteric Infections and
   Malnutrition and the Consequences for Child Health and Development
   Project (MAL-ED) is carried out as a collaborative project supported by
   the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the Foundation for the NIH, and the
   National Institutes of Health, Fogarty International Center.
CR Ahmed T, 2014, CLIN INFECT DIS, V59, pS280, DOI 10.1093/cid/ciu458
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   World Health Organization, 2014, WHO VACC PREV DIS MO
NR 32
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 9
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0264-410X
EI 1873-2518
J9 VACCINE
JI Vaccine
PD JAN 11
PY 2017
VL 35
IS 3
BP 443
EP 451
DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.11.075
PG 9
WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental
SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine
GA EJ2AK
UT WOS:000393011900006
PM 27998640
OA Other Gold, Green Published
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Shridhar, K
   Rajaraman, P
   Koyande, S
   Parikh, PM
   Chaturvedi, P
   Dhillon, PK
   Dikshit, RP
AF Shridhar, Krithiga
   Rajaraman, Preetha
   Koyande, Shravani
   Parikh, Purvish M.
   Chaturvedi, Pankaj
   Dhillon, Preet K.
   Dikshit, Rajesh P.
TI Trends in mouth cancer incidence in Mumbai, India (1995-2009): An
   age-period-cohort analysis
SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Mouth cancer; Cancer trend; India; Age-period-cohort analysis; Cancer
   registry; Age-specific rate; Age standardized rate; Risk factors;
   Mumbai; Net drift
ID ORAL-CAVITY; OROPHARYNGEAL CANCERS; TEMPORAL VARIATION; RATES;
   RECOMMENDATIONS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; MODELS; RISK; MEN
AB Introduction: Despite tobacco control and health promotion efforts, the incidence rates of mouth cancer are increasing across most regions in India. Analysing the influence of age, time period and birth cohort on these secular trends can point towards underlying factors and help identify high-risk populations for improved cancer control programmes.
   Methods: We evaluated secular changes in mouth cancer incidence among men and women aged 25-74 years in Mumbai between 1995 and 2009 by calculating age-specific and age-standardized incidence rates (ASR). We estimated the age-adjusted linear trend for annual percent change (EAPC) using the drift parameter, and conducted an age-period-cohort (APC) analysis to quantify recent time trends and to evaluate the significance of birth cohort and calendar period effects.
   Results: Over the 15-year period, age-standardized incidence rates of mouth cancer in men in Mumbai increased by 2.7% annually (95% CI: 1.9 to 3.4), p < 0.0001) while rates among women decreased (EAPC = -0.01% (95% CI: -0.02 to -0.002), p = 0.03). APC analysis revealed significant non-linear positive period and cohort effects in men, with higher effects among younger men (25-49 years). Non-significant increasing trends were observed in younger women (25-49 years).
   Conclusions: APC analyses from the Mumbai cancer registry indicate a significant linear increase of mouth cancer incidence from 1995 to 2009 in men, which was driven by younger men aged 25-49 years, and a non-significant upward trend in similarly aged younger women. Health promotion efforts should more effectively target younger cohorts. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Shridhar, Krithiga; Dhillon, Preet K.] Publ Hlth Fdn India, Ctr Chron Condit & Injuries, 4th Floor,Plot 47,Sect 44, Gurgaon 122002, Haryana, India.
   [Rajaraman, Preetha] NCI, Ctr Global Hlth, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
   [Koyande, Shravani; Parikh, Purvish M.] Mumbai Canc Registry, 74 Jerbai Wadia Rd, Bombay 400012, Maharashtra, India.
   [Chaturvedi, Pankaj] Tata Mem Hosp, Head & Neck Surg, Dr E Borges Rd, Bombay 400012, Maharashtra, India.
   [Dikshit, Rajesh P.] Tata Mem Hosp, Ctr Canc Epidemiol, Dr E Borges Rd, Bombay 400012, Maharashtra, India.
RP Dikshit, RP (reprint author), Tata Mem Hosp, Ctr Canc Epidemiol, Dr E Borges Rd, Bombay 400012, Maharashtra, India.
EM g.krithiga@phfi.org; rajarama@mail.nih.gov; bcrics@vsnl.com;
   purvish@rediffmail.com; drchaturvedip@rediffmail.com;
   preet.dhillon@phfi.org; dixr24@hotmail.com
FU National Cancer Registry Program of the Indian Council of Medical
   Research; Wellcome Trust Strategic award-South Asia Network for Chronic
   Disease (SANCD) [WT 084674]; PHFI-UKC Wellcome Trust Capacity Building
   Programme-Extension Phase
FX This work was conducted as part of a training programme at Tata Memorial
   Hospital and Cancer Registry, Mumbai, attended by Dr Krithiga Shridhar.
   The Mumbai Cancer registry has been partly funded by the National Cancer
   Registry Program of the Indian Council of Medical Research since 1982.
   Published data of Mumbai Cancer Registry were used for this study. Dr
   Krithiga Shridhar was supported by Wellcome Trust Strategic award-South
   Asia Network for Chronic Disease (SANCD) (WT 084674) and by the PHFI-UKC
   Wellcome Trust Capacity Building Programme-Extension Phase.
CR Ariyawardana A, 2011, ORAL DIS, V17, P636, DOI 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2011.01809.x
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NR 34
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 0
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1877-7821
EI 1877-783X
J9 CANCER EPIDEMIOL
JI Cancer Epidemiol.
PD JUN
PY 2016
VL 42
BP 66
EP 71
DI 10.1016/j.canep.2016.03.007
PG 6
WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA DN9RH
UT WOS:000377417300010
PM 27043865
OA Other Gold, Green Published
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Matsuzaki, M
   Kuper, H
   Kulkarni, B
   Ploubidis, GB
   Wells, JC
   Radhakrishna, KV
   Prabhakaran, P
   Gupta, V
   Walia, GK
   Aggarwal, A
   Prabhakaran, D
   Sarma, KVR
   Smith, GD
   Ben-Shlomo, Y
   Kinra, S
AF Matsuzaki, Mika
   Kuper, Hannah
   Kulkarni, Bharati
   Ploubidis, George B.
   Wells, Jonathan C.
   Radhakrishna, Kankipati Vijaya
   Prabhakaran, Poornima
   Gupta, Vipin
   Walia, Gagandeep Kaur
   Aggarwal, Aastha
   Prabhakaran, Dorairaj
   Sarma, K. V. Rameshwar
   Smith, George Davey
   Ben-Shlomo, Yoav
   Kinra, Sanjay
TI Adolescent undernutrition and early adulthood bone mass in an urbanizing
   rural community in India
SO ARCHIVES OF OSTEOPOROSIS
LA English
DT Article
DE Undernutrition; Adolescence; Bone mineral density; Longitudinal
ID X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY; DELHI BIRTH COHORT; LEAN TISSUE MASS;
   ANOREXIA-NERVOSA; YOUNG-ADULTS; WEIGHT; CHILDHOOD; CHILDREN; DENSITY;
   RECOVERY
AB .Summary The long-term effects on bone health of nutritional status in adolescence are unclear. The impact of adolescent and current body mass on bone mass in young adulthood in rural India was assessed. Current lean mass was a more important determinant of bone mass than thinness during adolescence in this population.
   Purpose/introduction Adolescence is a crucial period for skeletal growth. However, the long-term effects on bone health of nutritional status in adolescence, particularly in the context of nutritional transition, are unclear. The current manuscript assessed the impact of adolescent and current body size on bone mass in young adulthood in an Indian rural community that is undergoing rapid socioeconomic changes.
   Methods The Andhra Pradesh Children and Parents Study is a prospective cohort study in Hyderabad, India. In 2003-2005, the study collected anthropometric and cardiovascular data on adolescents (mean age=16 years old). The second and third waves of the study in 2009-2012 collected data on current anthropometric measures, areal bone mineral density (aBMD) in hip and lumbar spine (L1-L4) measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and living standards of the trial participants who were now young adults (mean age=22 years old).
   Results The median body mass index (BMI) of the 722 participants included in this analysis was 16.8 kg/m(2) during adolescence, while the median BMI as young adults was 19.3 kg/m(2). Lower aBMD during adulthood was associated with lower adolescent BMI (beta (95 % confidence interval) for hip aBMD 0.017 (0.013 to 0.022) and LS aBMD 0.012 (0.008 to 0.016)). This association was attenuated upon adjustment for current fat and lean mass (beta (95 % CI) for hip aBMD 0.00 (-0.005 to 0.005) and LS aBMD 0.005 (0.000 to 0.01)). There was clear evidence for positive associations between aBMDs and current lean mass.
   Conclusions Current lean mass was a more important determinant of bone mass than thinness during adolescence in this population. Weight gain during late adolescence and young adulthood coupled with improvement in lean mass may help to mitigate any adverse effects that pre-adulthood undernutrition may have on bone mass accrual.
C1 [Matsuzaki, Mika; Kinra, Sanjay] Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Noncommunicable Dis Epidemiol, Keppel St, London WC1E 7HT, England.
   [Kuper, Hannah] Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Clin Res, London WC1E 7HT, England.
   [Kulkarni, Bharati; Radhakrishna, Kankipati Vijaya; Sarma, K. V. Rameshwar] Indian Council Med Res Tarnaka, Natl Inst Nutr, Hyderabad 500007, Andhra Pradesh, India.
   [Ploubidis, George B.] Univ London, Inst Educ, Ctr Longitudinal Studies, Dept Populat Hlth & Stat, London WC1H 0AL, England.
   [Wells, Jonathan C.] UCL Inst Child Hlth, Childhood Nutr Res Ctr, London WC1N 1EH, England.
   [Prabhakaran, Poornima; Walia, Gagandeep Kaur; Aggarwal, Aastha] Publ Hlth Fdn India, New Delhi 110070, India.
   [Gupta, Vipin] Univ Delhi, Dept Anthropol, New Delhi, India.
   [Prabhakaran, Dorairaj] Ctr Chron Dis Control, Near Metro Huda Ctr, Gurgaon 122002, Haryana, India.
   [Smith, George Davey] Univ Bristol, Sch Social & Community Med, MRC Integrat Epidemiol Unit, Bristol BS8 2BN, Avon, England.
   [Ben-Shlomo, Yoav] Sch Social & Community Med, Bristol BS8 2PS, Avon, England.
RP Matsuzaki, M (reprint author), Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Noncommunicable Dis Epidemiol, Keppel St, London WC1E 7HT, England.
EM mika.matsuzaki@lshtm.ac.uk
RI Wells, Jonathan/A-4604-2009; Davey Smith, George/A-7407-2013
OI Wells, Jonathan/0000-0003-0411-8025; Davey Smith,
   George/0000-0002-1407-8314; Prabhakaran, Dorairaj/0000-0002-3172-834X;
   Kulkarni, Bharati/0000-0003-0636-318X; s, hema/0000-0002-3440-9475;
   Venkatasubramanian, Siddharth/0000-0002-5860-0768
FU Medical Research Council [MC_UU_12013/1]; Wellcome Trust [084674]
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NR 29
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPRINGER LONDON LTD
PI LONDON
PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, 6TH FLOOR, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND
SN 1862-3522
EI 1862-3514
J9 ARCH OSTEOPOROS
JI Arch. Osteoporos.
PD DEC
PY 2015
VL 10
IS 1
AR 29
DI 10.1007/s11657-015-0232-5
PG 8
WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Orthopedics
SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Orthopedics
GA DN7FL
UT WOS:000377240600007
PM 26323265
OA Other Gold, Green Published
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Christian, AM
   Krishnaveni, GV
   Kehoe, SH
   Veena, SR
   Khanum, R
   Marley-Zagar, E
   Edwards, P
   Margetts, BM
   Fall, CHD
AF Christian, Anna M.
   Krishnaveni, Ghattu V.
   Kehoe, Sarah H.
   Veena, Sargoor R.
   Khanum, Rumana
   Marley-Zagar, Ella
   Edwards, Phil
   Margetts, Barrie M.
   Fall, Caroline H. D.
TI Contribution of food sources to the vitamin B-12 status of South Indian
   children from a birth cohort recruited in the city of Mysore
SO PUBLIC HEALTH NUTRITION
LA English
DT Article
DE India; Vitamin B-12; Child; Source
ID COBALAMIN DEFICIENCY; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; NUTRITIONAL-STATUS;
   METHYLMALONIC ACID; MATERNAL NUTRITION; COGNITIVE FUNCTION;
   SCHOOL-CHILDREN; FOLATE; PREGNANCY; DIET
AB Objective: There is evidence that subclinical vitamin B-12 (B-12) deficiency is common in India. Vegetarianism is prevalent and therefore meat consumption is low. Our objective was to explore the contribution of B-12-source foods and maternal B-12 status during pregnancy to plasma B-12 concentrations.
   Design: Maternal plasma B-12 concentrations were measured during pregnancy. Children's dietary intakes and plasma B-12 concentrations were measured at age 9.5 years; B-12 and total energy intakes were calculated using food composition databases. We used linear regression to examine associations between maternal B-12 status and children's intakes of B-12 and B-12-source foods, and children's plasma B-12 concentrations.
   Setting: South Indian city of Mysore and surrounding rural areas.
   Subjects: Children from the Mysore Parthenon Birth Cohort (n 512, 47.1 % male).
   Results: Three per cent of children were B-12 deficient (<150 pmol/l). A further 14 % had 'marginal' B-12 concentrations (150-221 pmol/l). Children's total daily B-12 intake and consumption frequencies of meat and fish, and micronutrient-enriched beverages were positively associated with plasma B-12 concentrations (P=0.006, P=0.01 and P=0.04, respectively, adjusted for socio-economic indicators and maternal B-12 status). Maternal pregnancy plasma B-12 was associated with children's plasma B-12 concentrations, independent of current B-12 intakes (P<0.001). Milk and curd (yoghurt) intakes were unrelated to B-12 status.
   Conclusions: Meat and fish are important B-12 sources in this population. Micronutrient-enriched beverages appear to be important sources in our cohort, but their high sugar content necessitates care in their recommendation. Improving maternal B-12 status in pregnancy may improve Indian children's status.
C1 [Christian, Anna M.; Edwards, Phil] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Fac Epidemiol & Populat Hlth, London WC1, England.
   [Krishnaveni, Ghattu V.; Veena, Sargoor R.; Khanum, Rumana] CSI Holdsworth Mem Hosp, Epidemiol Res Unit, Mysore, Karnataka, India.
   [Kehoe, Sarah H.; Marley-Zagar, Ella; Fall, Caroline H. D.] Univ Southampton, Lifecourse Epidemiol Unit, MRC, Southampton, Hants, England.
   [Margetts, Barrie M.] Univ Southampton, Fac Med Primary Care & Populat Sci, Southampton, Hants, England.
RP Christian, AM (reprint author), London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Fac Epidemiol & Populat Hlth, London WC1, England.
EM annamaychristian@hotmail.com
OI Krishnaveni, Ghattu V/0000-0002-6532-8272
FU Parthenon Trust; Wellcome Trust; Medical Research Council; UK Department
   for International Development; Medical Research Council [U1475000003,
   MC_UU_12011/3, MC_UP_A620_1016, MR/J000094/1]
FX This study was funded by the Parthenon Trust, Wellcome Trust, Medical
   Research Council and UK Department for International Development. The
   funders had no role in the design, analysis or writing of this article.
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NR 54
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 10
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND
SN 1368-9800
EI 1475-2727
J9 PUBLIC HEALTH NUTR
JI Public Health Nutr.
PD MAR
PY 2015
VL 18
IS 4
BP 596
EP 609
DI 10.1017/S1368980014000974
PG 14
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics
GA CB6TW
UT WOS:000349760600005
PM 24866058
OA Green Published, Green Accepted, Bronze
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Bishai, D
   Razzaque, A
   Christiansen, S
   Mustafa, AHMG
   Hindin, M
AF Bishai, David
   Razzaque, Abdur
   Christiansen, Susan
   Mustafa, A. H. M. Golam
   Hindin, Michelle
TI Selection Bias in the Link Between Child Wantedness and Child Survival:
   Theory and Data From Matlab, Bangladesh
SO DEMOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
DE Unwanted births; Child survival; Birth selection bias; Bangladesh
ID UNINTENDED PREGNANCY; MATERNAL CHARACTERISTICS; UNWANTED PREGNANCIES;
   BIRTH-WEIGHT; OUTCOMES; FERTILITY; INFANT; HEALTH; CARE; CONSEQUENCES
AB We examine the potential effects of selection bias on the association between unwanted births and child mortality from 7,942 women from Matlab, Bangladesh who declared birth intentions in 1990 prior to conceiving pregnancies. We explore and test two opposing reasons for bias in the distribution of observed births. First, some women who report not wanting more children could face starvation or frailty; and if these women are infecund, the remaining unwanted births would appear more healthy. Second, some women who report not wanting more children could have social privileges in acquiring medical services, abortion, and contraceptives; and if these women avoid births, the remaining unwanted births would appear less healthy. We find (1) no overall effect of unwantedness on child survival in rural Bangladesh in the 1990s, (2) no evidence that biological processes are spuriously making the birth cohort look more healthy, and (3) some evidence that higher schooling for women who avoid unwanted births is biasing the observed sample to make unwanted births look less healthy. Efforts to understand the effect of unwantedness in data sets that do not control for complex patterns of selective birth may be misleading and require more cautious interpretation.
C1 [Bishai, David; Christiansen, Susan; Hindin, Michelle] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA.
   [Razzaque, Abdur; Mustafa, A. H. M. Golam] ICDDR B, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
RP Bishai, D (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, 615 N Wolfe St,Suite E4622, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA.
EM dbishai@jhsph.edu
FU NICHD NIH HHS [R24 HD042854, 1 R03 HD069730-01, R03 HD069730]
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NR 35
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 8
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0070-3370
EI 1533-7790
J9 DEMOGRAPHY
JI Demography
PD FEB
PY 2015
VL 52
IS 1
BP 61
EP 82
DI 10.1007/s13524-014-0354-1
PG 22
WC Demography
SC Demography
GA CA7NW
UT WOS:000349105200004
PM 25585643
OA Green Accepted
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Rupa, V
   Isaac, R
   Jalagandeeswaran, R
   Manoharan, A
   Rebekah, G
AF Rupa, Vedantam
   Isaac, Rita
   Jalagandeeswaran, Ranganathan
   Manoharan, Anand
   Rebekah, Grace
TI Epidemiology of nasopharyngeal colonization by S-pneumoniae in Indian
   infants in the first 2 years of life
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Nasopharyngeal colonization; S. pneumoniae; Birth cohort
ID DAY-CARE-CENTERS; OTITIS-PRONE CHILDREN; RESPIRATORY PATHOGENS;
   HAEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE; HEALTHY-CHILDREN; SOUTHERN INDIA; RISK-FACTORS;
   CARRIAGE; ACQUISITION; DISEASE
AB Background: Streptococcus pneumoniae is a leading cause of invasive disease in developing countries like India. Although the 13 valent pneumococcal vaccine has already been introduced in the country, there is very little epidemiological data regarding S. pneumoniae colonization and antibiotic susceptibility in Indian infants.
   Methods: We studied serogroup/serotype (SGT) distribution and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of S. pneumoniae in unvaccinated Indian infants by performing monthly nasopharyngeal swabbing of a birth cohort for 2 years.
   Results: Colonization began soon after birth and was complete in the first year of life in the majority of those colonized. Carriage rates increased during winter (p < 0.01) and in those with upper respiratory infection (URI) (p < 0.01). The most frequently (76.1%) isolated SGT were 19, 6, 15, 23, 9, 35 and 10. Vaccine SGT accounted for 60.5% of all colonizers. Antibiotic resistance was maximum for cotrimoxazole (94.3%) and least for erythromycin (11.2%) with no penicillin resistance. Ten of the commonest SGT which cause invasive disease among Indian infants comprised 46.9% of the colonizers. Serogroups 1, 5,45 and 12 which cause invasive disease in under-fives were not seen in this birth cohort in the first year.
   Conclusions: S. pneumoniae colonization in Indian infants commences soon after birth and chiefly occurs in the first year of life. The 13 valent vaccine may protect against a little less than half the commonly seen invasive SGT of S. pneumoniae. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Rupa, Vedantam] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept ENT, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [Isaac, Rita] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept RUHSA, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [Jalagandeeswaran, Ranganathan; Manoharan, Anand] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Med, Infect Dis Unit, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [Rebekah, Grace] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Biostat, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
RP Rupa, V (reprint author), Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept ENT, Unit 3, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India.
EM rupavedantam@cmcvellore.ac.in
FU Department of Science and Technology, Government of India
   [SR/SO/HS-26/2007]
FX This work was supported by the Department of Science and Technology,
   Government of India [Grant number SR/SO/HS-26/2007].
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NR 33
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 5
PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD
PI CLARE
PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000,
   IRELAND
SN 0165-5876
EI 1872-8464
J9 INT J PEDIATR OTORHI
JI Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol.
PD OCT
PY 2014
VL 78
IS 10
BP 1701
EP 1706
DI 10.1016/j.ijporl.2014.07.024
PG 6
WC Otorhinolaryngology; Pediatrics
SC Otorhinolaryngology; Pediatrics
GA AQ5XF
UT WOS:000342881200021
PM 25112164
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Kinra, S
   Johnson, M
   Kulkarni, B
   Sarma, KVR
   Ben-Shlomo, Y
   Smith, GD
AF Kinra, S.
   Johnson, M.
   Kulkarni, B.
   Sarma, K. V. Rameshwar
   Ben-Shlomo, Y.
   Smith, G. D.
TI Socio-economic position and cardiovascular risk in rural indian
   adolescents: evidence from the Andhra Pradesh children and parents study
   (APCAPS)
SO PUBLIC HEALTH
LA English
DT Article
DE Socio-economic position; Cardiovascular risk; Adolescents; Indian; Fat
   mass index; Cohort studies
ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; LIFE-COURSE; ARTERIAL STIFFNESS;
   INSULIN-RESISTANCE; EDUCATIONAL STATUS; BLOOD-PRESSURE; ADULT HEALTH;
   YOUNG FINNS; CHILDHOOD; INEQUALITIES
AB Objectives: This study examined association between socio-economic position and cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents to investigate whether childhood socio-economic position is a risk factor for future cardiovascular disease, independently of adult behaviours.
   Study design and methods: Participants (n = 1128, 46% girls, aged 13-18 years) were members of a birth cohort (Andhra Pradesh Children and Parents Study or APCAPS) established to investigate long-term effects of a pregnancy and childhood nutritional supplementation trial conducted in 29 villages near Hyderabad in South India. Cross-sectional associations between socio-economic position and cardiovascular risk factors were examined using linear regression models.
   Results: The mean BMI was 16.7 kg/m(2) for boys and 17.8 kg/m(2) for girls. Socio-economic position was positively associated with fat mass index (0.15 kg/m(2); 95% CI: 0.05-0.25) and inversely associated with central-peripheral skinfold ratio (-0.04; 95% CI: -0.06 to -0.01) and, in boys, fasting triglycerides (-0.05; 95% CI: -0.09 to -0.01). Association of socio-economic position with other risk factors (blood pressure, arterial stiffness, fasting glucose, insulin and cholesterol) was weak and inconsistent, and did not persist after adjustment for potential confounders, including age, sex, pubertal stage, height, adiposity and nutrition supplementation.
   Conclusions: The study thus showed that lower socio-economic position may be associated with greater central adiposity and higher triglyceride levels in these settings. Socio-economic gradient in cardiovascular risk may strengthen in future with later economic and lifestyle changes. Cardiovascular disease prevention strategies should therefore focus on the youth from the low income group. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The Royal Society for Public Health.
C1 [Kinra, S.] Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Epidemiol & Populat Hlth, London WC1E 7HT, England.
   [Johnson, M.] Cegedim Strateg Data Med Res Ltd, London, England.
   [Kulkarni, B.] Natl Inst Nutr, Clin Div, Hyderabad 500007, Andhra Pradesh, India.
   [Sarma, K. V. Rameshwar] Natl Inst Nutr, Educ & Training Div, Hyderabad 500007, Andhra Pradesh, India.
   [Ben-Shlomo, Y.] Univ Bristol, Sch Social & Community Med, Bristol, Avon, England.
   [Smith, G. D.] Univ Bristol, Sch Social & Community Med, MRC Ctr Causal Anal Translat Epidemiol, Bristol, Avon, England.
RP Kinra, S (reprint author), Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Epidemiol & Populat Hlth NCDEU, Keppel St, London WC1E 7HT, England.
EM sanjay.kinra@lshtm.ac.uk
OI Kulkarni, Bharati/0000-0003-0636-318X; Venkatasubramanian,
   Siddharth/0000-0002-5860-0768; s, hema/0000-0002-3440-9475; Davey Smith,
   George/0000-0002-1407-8314
FU Indian Council of Medical Research; United States Assistance for
   International Development; Royal College of Physicians, UK; Medical
   Research Council [G0600705]
FX The initial trial was funded jointly by the Indian Council of Medical
   Research and the United States Assistance for International Development.
   The follow-up study was funded by a personal fellowship to SK (Eden
   Fellowship in Paediatrics, granted by the Royal College of Physicians,
   UK).
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NR 44
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 3
PU W B SAUNDERS CO LTD
PI LONDON
PA 32 JAMESTOWN RD, LONDON NW1 7BY, ENGLAND
SN 0033-3506
EI 1476-5616
J9 PUBLIC HEALTH
JI Public Health
PD SEP
PY 2014
VL 128
IS 9
BP 852
EP 859
DI 10.1016/j.puhe.2014.06.005
PG 8
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA AQ9HX
UT WOS:000343162700016
PM 25220689
OA Green Published, Other Gold
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Panda, S
   Das, A
   Samanta, S
AF Panda, Samiran
   Das, Aritra
   Samanta, Saheli
TI Synthesizing evidences for policy translation: A public health discourse
   on rotavirus vaccine in India
SO VACCINE
LA English
DT Review
DE Rotavirus; Immunization; Vaccine policy; Diarrhea; Cost of illness;
   India
ID NATIONAL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES;
   CHILDHOOD DIARRHEA; ENTERIC PATHOGENS; ECONOMIC BURDEN; AFRICAN INFANTS;
   YOUNG-CHILDREN; BIRTH COHORT; GASTROENTERITIS
AB The debate on the relevance of rotavirus vaccine to immunization program in India, where 27 million children are born every year, rages on. We synthesized the issues raised during these debates and reviewed the current literature to identify themes that could inform public health policy decision. The paradigm we used integrated disease burden data, host and environmental factors, vaccine efficacy, immunization program issues, and economic considerations. Our synthesis reveals that substantive country specific information on disease burden and economic impact of rotavirus illness in India is constrained by lack of public discussion and qualitative studies on mothers' perceptions of the vaccine in concern. The need to improve the performance of current immunization program against six major vaccine preventable diseases (tuberculosis, diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, and measles) is often cited as a priority over introduction of rotavirus vaccine. Health in India being a state subject, we emphasize that the states which are in a position to reap the benefit of rotavirus vaccine, due to their good immunization program performance, should not be restrained from doing so. Meanwhile, the poorly performing states should step up their vaccination program and increase immunization coverage. Scientific, ethical and societal concerns captured through multiple sources indicate that the introduction of rotavirus vaccine would be a good investment for India. (C) 2014 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Panda, Samiran; Das, Aritra; Samanta, Saheli] Natl Inst Cholera & Enter Dis NICED ICMR, Kolkata 700010, W Bengal, India.
   [Das, Aritra] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Fielding Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA.
RP Panda, S (reprint author), Natl Inst Cholera & Enter Dis NICED ICMR, P-33,CIT Rd, Kolkata 700010, W Bengal, India.
EM pandasamiran@gmail.com
OI Das, Aritra/0000-0002-7033-1441
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NR 82
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 6
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0264-410X
EI 1873-2518
J9 VACCINE
JI Vaccine
PD AUG 11
PY 2014
VL 32
SU 1
BP A162
EP A170
DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.03.037
PG 9
WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental
SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine
GA AO0CU
UT WOS:000340977500029
PM 25091671
OA Other Gold
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Kavanagh, O
   Zeng, XL
   Ramani, S
   Mukhopadhya, I
   Crawford, SE
   Kang, G
   Estes, MK
AF Kavanagh, Owen
   Zeng, Xi-Lei
   Ramani, Sasirekha
   Mukhopadhya, Indrani
   Crawford, Sue E.
   Kang, Gagandeep
   Estes, Mary K.
TI A time-resolved immunoassay to measure serum antibodies to the rotavirus
   VP6 capsid protein
SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS
LA English
DT Article
DE Rotavirus; Recombinant VP6; DELFIA; ELISA
ID BIRTH COHORT; SOUTH-INDIA; YOUNG-CHILDREN; INFECTION; RESPONSES;
   PROTECTION; DIARRHEA; POLYPEPTIDES; BURDEN
AB The rotavirus (RV) inner capsid protein VP6 is widely used to evaluate immune response during natural infection and in vaccine studies. Recombinant VP6 from the most prevalent circulating rotavirus strains in each subgroup (SG) identified in a birth cohort of children in southern India [SGII (G1P[8]) and SGI (G10P[11])] were produced. The purified proteins were used to measure VP6-specific antibodies in a Dissociation-Enhanced Lanthanide Fluorometric Immunoassay (DELFIA). The ability of the assay to detect a >= 2 fold rise in IgG level in a panel of serum samples from a longitudinal study was compared to a gold standard virus-capture ELISA. A strong association was observed between the assays (p < 0.001; chi-squared test) with assay performances remaining similar when the samples were subdivided as having a fold change increase in VP6 antibody levels (a) within 90 days of RV RNA detection in stool or (b) if no RV RNA was detected within that time period. This study demonstrates the suitability of using recombinant proteins to measure anti-RV immune responses and serves as a "proof of principle" to examine the antibody responses generated to other recombinant RV proteins and thereby possibly identify a correlate of protection. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Kavanagh, Owen; Zeng, Xi-Lei; Ramani, Sasirekha; Crawford, Sue E.; Estes, Mary K.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol Virol & Microbiol, Houston, TX 77030 USA.
   [Ramani, Sasirekha; Mukhopadhya, Indrani; Kang, Gagandeep] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Gastrointestinal Sci, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India.
RP Estes, MK (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol Virol & Microbiol, 1 Baylor Plaza,BCM 385, Houston, TX 77030 USA.
EM mestes@bcm.edu
OI Mukhopadhya, Indrani/0000-0003-2577-518X; Kang,
   Gagandeep/0000-0002-3656-564X
FU Wellcome Trust Trilateral Initiative for Infectious Diseases [063144]
FX This work was funded by The Wellcome Trust Trilateral Initiative for
   Infectious Diseases (grant no. 063144). The funding source had no role,
   in study design; in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of
   data; in the writing of the report; and in the decision to submit the
   paper for publication.
CR Ajjampur SSR, 2008, J MED MICROBIOL, V57, P1364, DOI 10.1099/jmm.0.2008/003319-0
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NR 23
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 7
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0166-0934
J9 J VIROL METHODS
JI J. Virol. Methods
PD APR
PY 2013
VL 189
IS 1
BP 228
EP 231
DI 10.1016/j.jviromet.2012.11.003
PG 4
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology;
   Virology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology;
   Virology
GA 124HT
UT WOS:000317455100036
PM 23183143
OA Green Published, Other Gold
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Prince, M
   Acosta, D
   Dangour, AD
   Uauy, R
   Guerra, M
   Huang, YQ
   Jacob, KS
   Rodriguez, JJL
   Salas, A
   Sosa, AL
   Williams, JD
   Acosta, I
   Albanese, E
   Dewey, ME
   Ferri, CP
   Stewart, R
   Gaona, C
   Jotheeswaran, AT
   Kumar, PS
   Li, SR
   Guerra, JCL
   Rodriguez, D
   Rodriguez, G
AF Prince, Martin
   Acosta, Daisy
   Dangour, Alan D.
   Uauy, Ricardo
   Guerra, Mariella
   Huang, Yueqin
   Jacob, K. S.
   Llibre Rodriguez, Juan J.
   Salas, Aquiles
   Luisa Sosa, Ana
   Williams, Joseph D.
   Acosta, Isaac
   Albanese, Emiliano
   Dewey, Michael E.
   Ferri, Cleusa P.
   Stewart, Robert
   Gaona, Ciro
   Jotheeswaran, A. T.
   Kumar, P. Senthil
   Li, Shuran
   Llibre Guerra, Juan C.
   Rodriguez, Diana
   Rodriguez, Guillermina
TI Leg length, skull circumference, and the prevalence of dementia in low
   and middle income countries: a 10/66 population-based cross sectional
   survey
SO INTERNATIONAL PSYCHOGERIATRICS
LA English
DT Article
DE anthropometry; growth and development; aged; developing countries;
   etiology
ID HEAD CIRCUMFERENCE; INTRACRANIAL VOLUME; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; KOREAN
   POPULATION; BIRTH COHORT; TRUNK LENGTH; LIFE-COURSE; RISK; CHILDREN;
   HEALTH
AB Background: Adult leg length is influenced by nutrition in the first few years of life. Adult head circumference is an indicator of brain growth. There is a limited literature linking short legs and small skulls to an increased risk for cognitive impairment and dementia in late life.
   Methods: One phase cross-sectional surveys were carried out of all residents aged over 65 years in 11 catchment areas in China, India, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Venezuela, Mexico and Peru (n = 14,960). The cross-culturally validated 10/66 dementia diagnosis, and a sociodemographic and risk factor questionnaire were administered to all participants, and anthropometric measures taken. Poisson regression was used to calculate prevalence ratios for the effect of leg length and skull circumference upon 10/66 dementia, controlling for age, gender, education and family history of dementia.
   Results: The pooled meta-analyzed fixed effect for leg length (highest vs. lowest quarter) was 0.82 (95% CI, 0.68-0.98) and for skull circumference 0.75 (95% CI, 0.63-0.89). While point estimates varied between sites, the proportion of the variability attributable to heterogeneity between studies as opposed to sampling error (I-2) was 0% for leg length and 22% for skull circumference. The effects were independent and not mediated by family history of dementia. The effect of skull circumference was not modified by educational level or gender, and the effect of leg length was not modified by gender.
   Conclusions: Since leg length and skull circumference are said to remain stable throughout adulthood into old age, reverse causality is an unlikely explanation for the findings. Early life nutritional programming, as well as neurodevelopment may protect against neurodegeneration.
C1 [Prince, Martin; Albanese, Emiliano; Dewey, Michael E.; Ferri, Cleusa P.; Stewart, Robert] Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, Ctr Publ Mental Hlth, Hlth Serv, London SE5 8AF, England.
   [Prince, Martin; Albanese, Emiliano; Dewey, Michael E.; Ferri, Cleusa P.; Stewart, Robert] Populat Res Dept, London, England.
   [Acosta, Daisy] UNPHU, Dept Internal Med, Geriatr Sect, Santo Domingo, Dominican Rep.
   [Dangour, Alan D.; Uauy, Ricardo] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London WC1, England.
   [Guerra, Mariella] Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.
   [Guerra, Mariella; Rodriguez, Diana] Inst Memoria & Desordenes Relacionados, Lima, Peru.
   [Huang, Yueqin; Li, Shuran] Peking Univ, Inst Mental Hlth, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China.
   [Jacob, K. S.; Kumar, P. Senthil] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [Llibre Rodriguez, Juan J.] Med Univ Havana, Fac Med Finley Albarran, Havana, Cuba.
   [Salas, Aquiles] Cent Univ Venezuela, Dept Med, Caracas Univ Hosp, Fac Med, Caracas, Venezuela.
   [Luisa Sosa, Ana; Acosta, Isaac] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Cognit & Behav Unit, Natl Inst Neurol & Neurosurg Mexico, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico.
   [Williams, Joseph D.; Jotheeswaran, A. T.] Voluntary Hlth Serv, Madras, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [Gaona, Ciro] Clin Loira, Caracas, Venezuela.
   [Llibre Guerra, Juan C.] Inst Neurol & Neurocirugia, Havana, Cuba.
   [Rodriguez, Guillermina] Minist Protecc Social 6th Dist, Direc Gen Salud Publ, Santo Domingo, Dominican Rep.
RP Prince, M (reprint author), Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, Ctr Publ Mental Hlth, Hlth Serv, P060,De Crespigny Pk, London SE5 8AF, England.
EM m.prince@iop.kcl.ac.uk
RI Dewey, Michael/E-2049-2010; Sosa, Ana/A-8593-2012; Ferri,
   Cleusa/B-2922-2010; Prince, Martin/A-9170-2010; Llibre Rodriguez,
   Juan/D-2380-2010
OI Dewey, Michael/0000-0002-7522-3677; Ferri, Cleusa/0000-0002-1815-7685;
   Prince, Martin/0000-0003-1379-7146; Llibre Rodriguez,
   Juan/0000-0002-8215-3160; Guerra, Mariella/0000-0001-8923-349X;
   Amuthavalli Thiyagarajan, Jotheeswaran/0000-0001-7895-788X; Stewart,
   Robert/0000-0002-4435-6397
FU Wellcome Trust [GR066133, GR08002]; World Health Organization (India);
   World Health Organization (Dominican Republic); World Health
   Organization (China); U.S. Alzheimer's Association (Peru)
   [IIRG-04-1286]; U.S. Alzheimer's Association (Mexico) [IIRG-04-1286];
   U.S. Alzheimer's Association (Argentina) [IIRG-04-1286]; FONDACIT
   (Venezuela)
FX The 10/66 Dementia Research Group's research has been funded by the
   Wellcome Trust Health Consequences of Population Change Programme
   (GR066133 - Prevalence phase in Cuba and Brazil; GR08002 - Incidence
   phase in Peru, Mexico, Argentina, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Venezuela
   and China), the World Health Organization (India, Dominican Republic and
   China), the U.S. Alzheimer's Association (IIRG-04-1286 - Peru, Mexico
   and Argentina), and FONDACIT (Venezuela). The Rockefeller Foundation
   supported our recent dissemination meeting at their Bellagio Center.
   Alzheimer's Disease International has provided support for networking
   and infrastructure.
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NR 33
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 2
U2 8
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI NEW YORK
PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA
SN 1041-6102
J9 INT PSYCHOGERIATR
JI Int. Psychogeriatr.
PD MAR
PY 2011
VL 23
IS 2
BP 202
EP 213
DI 10.1017/S1041610210001274
PG 12
WC Psychology, Clinical; Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology; Psychiatry;
   Psychology
SC Psychology; Geriatrics & Gerontology; Psychiatry
GA 719RB
UT WOS:000287225300004
PM 20701817
OA Green Accepted
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Bhurgri, Y
   Pervez, S
   Kayani, N
   Afif, M
   Tahir, I
   Nazir, K
   Usman, A
   Faridi, N
   Bhurgri, H
   Malik, J
   Bashir, I
   Bhurgri, A
   Ahmed, R
   Hasan, SH
   Khurshed, M
   Zaidi, SMH
AF Bhurgri, Yasmin
   Pervez, Shahid
   Kayani, Naila
   Afif, Muneeza
   Tahir, Imran
   Nazir, Kauser
   Usman, Ahmed
   Faridi, Naveen
   Bhurgri, Hadi
   Malik, Jawaid
   Bashir, Imtiaz
   Bhurgri, Asif
   Ahmed, Rashida
   Hasan, Sheema H.
   Khurshed, Mohammed
   Zaidi, S. M. H.
TI Time Trends in the Incidence of Cancer Cervix in Karachi South,
   1995-2002
SO ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF CANCER PREVENTION
LA English
DT Article
DE Cancer cervix; time trends; Karachi, Pakistan
ID RISK-FACTORS; STATISTICS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; MORTALITY
AB Introduction: The objective of the study was to determine the trends of cancer cervix in Karachi South during an eight (1995-2002) year period. Methodology: Cancer cervix cases recorded at Karachi Cancer Registry during 1st January 1995 to 31st December 2002 were analyzed. Trends were studied by analyzing the age standardized incidence rates (ASR)s in 2 time periods, 1995-97 and 1998-2002. Results: Cancer cervix ranked sixth in the 1995-97 period the age standardized incidence rate (ASR) world and crude incidence rate (CIR) per 100,000 were 6.81 and 3.22. It reached the fifth ranking in the 1998-2002 period with an ASR and CIR of 7.5 and 4.0 per 100,000. Thus between 1995 and 2002, the incidence of cervical cancer registered an approximate 10% increase. The mean age of the cancer cases was 53.27 years (SD 11.6; 95% CI 50.58, 55.96; range 32-85 years) and 50.68 years (SD 11.7; 95% CI 48.8, 52.5; range 51 years) in period 1 and 2 respectively. The morphological components of squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma remained stable during this period, though a marginally higher component and increasing incidence of adenocarcinoma was observed throughout. A negligible down staging was observed in the 1998-2002 period. Localized malignancy was observed in 30.8% in period 2 as compared to 25.7% in period 1 and the component of carcinoma in situ increased from 0% percent in period 1 to 1.3% in the second period. Despite this two thirds of the cases still presented with a regional or distant spread of disease. Conclusion: Pakistan at present falls into a low risk cancer cervix region. The cause of concern is the steadily increasing incidence especially in the younger birth cohorts, the advanced disease at presentation; insignificant in-situ cancers and no preventive intervention or awareness practices in place.
C1 [Bhurgri, Yasmin; Afif, Muneeza; Tahir, Imran; Bhurgri, Hadi; Bhurgri, Asif; Ahmed, Rashida; Khurshed, Mohammed; Zaidi, S. M. H.] Karachi Canc Registry, Karachi, Pakistan.
   [Bhurgri, Yasmin; Pervez, Shahid; Kayani, Naila; Afif, Muneeza; Tahir, Imran; Bhurgri, Hadi; Hasan, Sheema H.; Zaidi, S. M. H.] Aga Khan Univ Hosp, Dept Pathol & Microbiol, Karachi, Pakistan.
   [Nazir, Kauser] Lady Dufferin Hosp, Karachi, Pakistan.
   [Usman, Ahmed] Jinnah Postgrad Med Ctr, Dept Radiotherapy, Karachi, Pakistan.
   [Faridi, Naveen] Liaquat Natl Hosp, Dept Pathol, Karachi, Pakistan.
   [Malik, Jawaid] Liaquat Natl Hosp, Dept Oncol, Karachi, Pakistan.
   [Malik, Jawaid] Ziauddin Hosp, Dept Oncol, Karachi, Pakistan.
   [Bashir, Imtiaz; Bhurgri, Asif] Zainab Punjwani Hosp, Karachi, Pakistan.
   [Bhurgri, Asif] Sindlab, Karachi, Pakistan.
RP Bhurgri, Y (reprint author), Karachi Canc Registry, Karachi, Pakistan.
EM bhurgri@cyber.net.pk
RI Pervez, Shahid/F-9163-2015
CR BHURGRI Y, 2007, IARC SCI PUBLICATION, V160
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NR 23
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 3
PU ASIAN PACIFIC ORGANIZATION CANCER PREVENTION
PI NAGOYA
PA 4-84 JOTO-CHO, KITA-KU, NAGOYA, 462-0831, JAPAN
SN 1513-7368
J9 ASIAN PAC J CANCER P
JI Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev.
PY 2008
VL 9
IS 3
BP 533
EP 536
PG 4
WC Oncology
SC Oncology
GA 499RQ
UT WOS:000270243000032
PM 18990034
OA DOAJ Gold
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Rao, S
   Kanade, A
AF Rao, Shobha
   Kanade, Asawari
TI Somatic disproportion predicts risk of high blood pressure among
   adolescent girls in India
SO JOURNAL OF HYPERTENSION
LA English
DT Article
DE adolescents; blood pressure; leg height; leg height ratio
ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; BRITISH WOMENS HEART; LEG LENGTH;
   INSULIN-RESISTANCE; ADULT HEIGHT; BIRTH COHORT; HEALTH; CHILDREN;
   GROWTH; ASSOCIATIONS
AB Objectives To examine the importance of somatic disproportion rather than absolute values of leg height and trunk height for predicting risk of high blood pressure among adolescents.
   Methods Adolescent girls (9-16 years old) from high (HSE) and low socio-economic (LSE) classes were examined (n = 1036 and n = 1040, respectively) in a cross-sectional study, for skeletal growth (height and sifting height), adiposity [weight, body mass index (BMI) and body fat] and blood pressure levels.
   Results Girls from LSE class were thin, short and undernourished compared to those from HSE class (average age-adjusted BMI, 16.47 +/- 2.61 versus 19.77 +/- 3.85, P<0.000). A high prevalence of high systolic blood pressure (HSBP) was a problem in girls of the HSE (9.7 versus 4.4%, P<0.001) class, while a high prevalence of high diastolic blood pressure (HDBP) was seen in girls of the LSE (15.3 versus 2.7%, P<0.001) class. Further, in the HSE class, the prevalence of HSBP was higher only among girls in the third tertile of BMI and body fat, while in the case of the LSE class the prevalence of HDBP was higher (7-11%) even in the lowest tertile of these measures. The odds ratio (OR) for HDBP (2.28) in the LSE class and that for HSBP (2.27) in the HSE class were significantly higher for girls in the lower tertile of leg height to height ratio. This was also true in the case of leg height to sifting height ratio.
   Conclusions Our findings showed that rather than absolute leg or trunk length, somatic disproportion may be a relevant biomarker associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, especially in an adolescent population.
C1 Agharkar Res Inst, Biometry & Nutr Unit, Pune 411004, Maharashtra, India.
RP Rao, S (reprint author), Agharkar Res Inst, Biometry & Nutr Unit, GG Agarkar Rd, Pune 411004, Maharashtra, India.
EM raoari@yahoo.com
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NR 32
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 1
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA
SN 0263-6352
J9 J HYPERTENS
JI J. Hypertens.
PD DEC
PY 2007
VL 25
IS 12
BP 2383
EP 2389
DI 10.1097/HJH.0b013e3282efff8e
PG 7
WC Peripheral Vascular Disease
SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology
GA 234LN
UT WOS:000251165700005
PM 17984658
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Rogawski, ET
   Liu, J
   Platts-Mills, JA
   Kabir, F
   Lertsethtakarn, P
   Siguas, M
   Khan, SS
   Praharaj, I
   Murei, A
   Nshama, R
   Mujaga, B
   Havt, A
   Maciel, IA
   Operario, DJ
   Taniuchi, M
   Gratz, J
   Stroup, SE
   Roberts, JH
   Kalam, A
   Aziz, F
   Qureshi, S
   Islam, MO
   Sakpaisal, P
   Silapong, S
   Yori, PP
   Rajendiran, R
   Benny, B
   McGrath, M
   Seidman, JC
   Lang, D
   Gottlieb, M
   Guerrant, RL
   Lima, AAM
   Leite, JP
   Samie, A
   Bessong, PO
   Page, N
   Bodhidatta, L
   Mason, C
   Shrestha, S
   Kiwelu, I
   Mduma, ER
   Iqbal, NT
   Bhutto, ZA
   Ahmed, T
   Haque, R
   Kang, G
   Kosek, MN
   Houpt, ER
AF Rogawski, Elizabeth T.
   Liu, Jie
   Platts-Mills, James A.
   Kabir, Furgan
   Lertsethtakarn, Paphayee
   Siguas, Mery
   Khan, Shaila S.
   Praharaj, Ira
   Murei, Arinao
   Nshama, Rosemary
   Mujaga, Buliga
   Havt, Alexandre
   Maciel, Irene A.
   Operario, Darwin J.
   Taniuchi, Mami
   Gratz, Jean
   Stroup, Suzanne E.
   Roberts, James H.
   Kalam, Adil
   Aziz, Fatima
   Qureshi, Shahida
   Islam, M. Ohedul
   Sakpaisal, Pimmada
   Silapong, Sasikom
   Yori, Pablo P.
   Rajendiran, Revathi
   Benny, Blossom
   McGrath, Monica
   Seidman, Jessica C.
   Lang, Dennis
   Gottlieb, Michael
   Guerrant, Richard L.
   Lima, Aldo A. M.
   Leite, Jose Paulo
   Samie, Amidou
   Bessong, Pascal O.
   Page, Nicola
   Bodhidatta, Ladaporn
   Mason, Carl
   Shrestha, Sanjaya
   Kiwelu, Ireen
   Mduma, Estomih R.
   Iqbal, Najeeha T.
   Bhutto, Zulfigar A.
   Ahmed, Tahmeed
   Haque, Rashidul
   Kang, Gagandeep
   Kosek, Margaret N.
   Houpt, Eric R.
CA MAL-ED Network Investigators
TI Use of quantitative molecular diagnostic methods to investigate the
   effect of enteropathogen infections on linear growth in children in
   low-resource settings: longitudinal analysis of results from the MAL-ED
   cohort study
SO LANCET GLOBAL HEALTH
LA English
DT Article
ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; RESEARCH-AND-DEVELOPMENT; 1ST 2 YEARS;
   NUTRITIONAL INTERVENTIONS; PERUVIAN CHILDREN; RURAL BANGLADESH;
   WATER-QUALITY; BIRTH COHORT; DIARRHEA; CAMPYLOBACTER
AB Background Enteropathogen infections in early childhood not only cause diarrhoea but contribute to poor growth. We used molecular diagnostics to assess whether particular enteropathogens were associated with linear growth across seven low-resource settings.
   Methods We used quantitative PCR to detect 29 enteropathogens in diarrhoeal and non-diarrhoeal stools collected from children in the first 2 years of life obtained during the Etiology, Risk Factors, and Interactions of Enteric Infections and Malnutrition and the Consequences for Child Health and Development (MAL-ED) multisite cohort study. Length was measured monthly. We estimated associations between aetiology-specific diarrhoea and subclinical enteropathogen infection and quantity and attained length in 3 month intervals, at age 2 and 5 years, and used a longitudinal model to account for temporality and time-dependent confounding.
   Findings Among 1469 children who completed 2 year follow-up, 35 622 stool samples were tested and yielded valid results. Diarrhoea! episodes attributed to bacteria and parasites, but not viruses, were associated with small decreases in length after 3 months and at age 2 years. Substantial decrements in length at 2 years were associated with subdinical, non-diarrhoeal, infection with Shigella (length-for-age Z score [LAZ] reduction -0.14, 95% CI -0.27 to -0.01), enteroaggregative Escherichia coli -0.37 to -0.05), Campylobacter (-0.17, -0.32 to -0.01), and Giardia (-0.17, -0.30 to -0.05). Norovirus, Cryptosporidium, typical enteropathogenic E coil, and Enterocytozoon bieneusi were also associated with small decrements in LAZ. Shigeila and E bieneusi were associated with the largest decreases in LAZ per log increase in quantity per g of stool (-0.13 LAZ, 95% CI -0.22 to -0.03 for Shigella; -0.14, -0.26 to -0.02 for E bieneusi). Based on these models, interventions that successfully decrease exposure to Shigella, enteroaggregative E coli, Campylobacter, and Giardia could increase mean length of children by 0.12-0-37 LAZ (0.4-1-2 cm) at the MAL-ED sites.
   Interpretation Subclinical infection and quantity of pathogens, particularly Shigeila, enteroaggregative E coil, Campylobacter, and Giardia, had a substantial negative association with linear growth, which was sustained during the first 2 years of life, and in some cases, to 5 years. Successfully reducing exposure to certain pathogens might reduce global stunting. Copyright (C) 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Rogawski, Elizabeth T.; Liu, Jie; Platts-Mills, James A.; Operario, Darwin J.; Taniuchi, Mami; Gratz, Jean; Stroup, Suzanne E.; Guerrant, Richard L.; Houpt, Eric R.] Univ Virginia, Div Infect Dis & Int Hlth, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA.
   [Rogawski, Elizabeth T.; Roberts, James H.] Univ Virginia, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA.
   [Kabir, Furgan; Kalam, Adil; Aziz, Fatima; Qureshi, Shahida; Iqbal, Najeeha T.; Bhutto, Zulfigar A.] Aga Khan Univ, Karachi, Pakistan.
   [Lertsethtakarn, Paphayee; Sakpaisal, Pimmada; Silapong, Sasikom; Bodhidatta, Ladaporn; Mason, Carl] AFRIMS, Bangkok, Thailand.
   [Siguas, Mery; Yori, Pablo P.; Kosek, Margaret N.] Asociac Benef PRISMA, Iquitos, Peru.
   [Khan, Shaila S.; Islam, M. Ohedul; Ahmed, Tahmeed; Haque, Rashidul] Int Ctr Diarrhoea Dis Res, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
   [Praharaj, Ira; Rajendiran, Revathi; Benny, Blossom; Kang, Gagandeep] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [Murei, Arinao; Samie, Amidou; Bessong, Pascal O.] Univ Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa.
   [Nshama, Rosemary; Mduma, Estomih R.] Haydom Global Hlth Inst, Haydom, Tanzania.
   [Mujaga, Buliga; Kiwelu, Ireen] Kilimanjaro Clin Res Inst, Moshi, Tanzania.
   [Havt, Alexandre; Lima, Aldo A. M.] Univ Fed Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil.
   [Maciel, Irene A.; Leite, Jose Paulo] Fundacao Oswald Cruz Fiocruz, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil.
   [Yori, Pablo P.; McGrath, Monica; Kosek, Margaret N.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA.
   [McGrath, Monica; Seidman, Jessica C.] NIH, Fogarty Int Ctr, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
   [Lang, Dennis; Gottlieb, Michael] Fdn Natl Inst Hlth, Bethesda, MD USA.
   [Page, Nicola] Natl Inst Communicable Dis, Johannesburg, South Africa.
   [Shrestha, Sanjaya] Walter Reed AFRIMS Res Unit, Kathmandu, Nepal.
   [Shrestha, Sanjaya] Univ Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
RP Houpt, ER (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Div Infect Dis & Int Hlth, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA.
EM erh6k@hscmailmcc.virginia.edu
OI MASON, CARL/0000-0002-3676-2811
FU Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
FX Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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NR 36
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 1
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 2214-109X
J9 LANCET GLOB HEALTH
JI Lancet Glob. Health
PD DEC
PY 2018
VL 6
IS 12
BP E1319
EP E1328
DI 10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30351-6
PG 10
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA GZ8NE
UT WOS:000449748200026
PM 30287125
OA DOAJ Gold
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Rogawski, ET
   Platts-Mills, JA
   Colgate, ER
   Haque, R
   Zaman, K
   Petri, WA
   Kirkpatrick, BD
AF Rogawski, Elizabeth T.
   Platts-Mills, James A.
   Colgate, E. Ross
   Haque, Rashidul
   Zaman, K.
   Petri, William A., Jr.
   Kirkpatrick, Beth D.
TI Quantifying the Impact of Natural Immunity on Rotavirus Vaccine Efficacy
   Estimates: A Clinical Trial in Dhaka, Bangladesh (PROVIDE) and a
   Simulation Study
SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
DE rotavirus; vaccine efficacy; natural immunity; effect modification
ID PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; 1ST 2 YEARS; DOUBLE-BLIND;
   DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; AFRICAN CHILDREN; MALARIA VACCINE; BIRTH COHORT;
   INFANTS; GASTROENTERITIS; INFECTION
AB Background. The low efficacy of rotavirus vaccines in clinical trials performed in low-resource settings may be partially explained by acquired immunity from natural exposure, especially in settings with high disease incidence.
   Methods. In a clinical trial of monovalent rotavirus vaccine in Bangladesh, we compared the original per-protocol efficacy estimate to efficacy derived from a recurrent events survival model in which children were considered naturally exposed and potentially immune after their first rotavirus diarrhea (RVD) episode. We then simulated trial cohorts to estimate the expected impact of prior exposure on efficacy estimates for varying rotavirus incidence rates and vaccine efficacies.
   Results. Accounting for natural immunity increased the per-protocol vaccine efficacy estimate against severe RVD from 63.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 33.0%-79.7%) to 70.2% (95% CI, 44.5%-84.0%) in the postvaccination period, and original year 2 efficacy was underestimated by 14%. The simulations demonstrated that this expected impact increases linearly with RVD incidence, will be greatest for vaccine efficacies near 50%, and can reach 20% in settings with high incidence and low efficacy.
   Conclusions. High rotavirus incidence leads to predictably lower vaccine efficacy estimates due to the acquisition of natural immunity in unvaccinated children, and this phenomenon should be considered when comparing efficacy estimates across settings.
C1 [Rogawski, Elizabeth T.] Univ Virginia, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Charlottesville, VA USA.
   [Rogawski, Elizabeth T.; Platts-Mills, James A.; Petri, William A., Jr.] Univ Virginia, Div Infect Dis & Int Hlth, Charlottesville, VA USA.
   [Colgate, E. Ross; Kirkpatrick, Beth D.] Univ Vermont, Coll Med, Dept Med & Vaccine, Testing Ctr, Burlington, VT USA.
   [Haque, Rashidul; Zaman, K.] Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
RP Rogawski, ET (reprint author), Univ Virginia, POB 801379,Carter Harrison Res Bldg,MR-6, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA.
EM etr5m@virginia.edu
FU Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation [OPP1017093]; National Institutes of
   Health [K01AI130326, K23AI114888]
FX This work was supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (grant
   number OPP1017093 to W. P.) and the National Institutes of Health (grant
   number K01AI130326 to E. T. R. and K23AI114888 to J. P. M.).
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NR 40
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 4
U2 4
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
PI CARY
PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA
SN 0022-1899
EI 1537-6613
J9 J INFECT DIS
JI J. Infect. Dis.
PD MAR 15
PY 2018
VL 217
IS 6
BP 861
EP 868
DI 10.1093/infdis/jix668
PG 8
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
GA FY8RA
UT WOS:000427131300004
PM 29514306
OA Bronze
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Rahman, ML
   Kile, ML
   Rodrigues, EG
   Valeri, L
   Raj, A
   Mazumdar, M
   Mostofa, G
   Quamruzzaman, Q
   Rahman, M
   Hauser, R
   Baccarelli, A
   Liang, LM
   Christiani, DC
AF Rahman, Mohammad L.
   Kile, Molly L.
   Rodrigues, Ema G.
   Valeri, Linda
   Raj, Anita
   Mazumdar, Maitreyi
   Mostofa, Golam
   Quamruzzaman, Quazi
   Rahman, Mahmudur
   Hauser, Russ
   Baccarelli, Andrea
   Liang, Liming
   Christiani, David C.
TI Prenatal arsenic exposure, child marriage, and pregnancy weight gain:
   Associations with preterm birth in Bangladesh
SO ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL
LA English
DT Article
ID BODY-MASS INDEX; YOUNG MATERNAL AGE; DRINKING-WATER; ADOLESCENT
   PREGNANCY; TEENAGE PREGNANCY; MEASUREMENT ERROR; INFANT-MORTALITY;
   NEW-HAMPSHIRE; WEST-BENGAL; CORD BLOOD
AB Background: Preterm birth is a disease of multifactorial etiologies that has environmental, social, and maternal health components. Individual studies have shown that exposure to arsenic contaminated drinking water, child marriage, and low maternal weight gain during pregnancy contribute to preterm birth. These factors are highly prevalent and often co-exist in Bangladesh, a country in South Asia with one of the world's highest prevalences of preterm birth.
   Objective: To evaluate the individual and interactive effects of prenatal arsenic exposure, child marriage, and pregnancy weight gain on preterm birth in a prospective birth cohort in Bangladesh.
   Methods: During 2008-2011, we recruited 1613 pregnant women aged >= 18 years at <= 16 weeks of gestation and followed them until 1-month post-partum. We measured total arsenic in drinking water (n = 1184) and in maternal toenails (n = 1115) collected at enrollment and = 1-month post-partum, respectively using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Child marriage (< 18 years old) was defined using self-report, and 2nd and 3rd trimester pregnancy weight gain was calculated using monthly records. Gestational age was determined at enrollment by ultrasound.
   Results: In multivariate adjusted Poisson regression models, the risk ratios (RR) for preterm birth were 1.12 (95% CI: 1.07-1.18) for a unit change in natural log water arsenic exposure, 2.28 (95% CI: 1.76-2.95) for child marriage, and 0.64 (95% CI: 0.42-0.97) for a pound per week increase in maternal weight during the 2nd and 3rd trimesters. In stratified analysis by child marriage, pregnancy weight gain was inversely associated with preterm birth among women with a history of child marriage (RR = 0.58; 95% CI: 0.37-0.92), but not among women with no history of child marriage (RR = 86; 95% CI: 0.37-2.01). Mediation analysis revealed that both arsenic exposure and child marriage had small but significant associations with preterm birth via lowering pregnancy weight gain. Similar associations were observed when arsenic exposure was assessed using maternal toenail arsenic concentrations.
   Conclusions: Reducing arsenic exposure and ending child marriage could reduce the risk of preterm birth in Bangladesh. Furthermore, enhancing nutritional support to ensure adequate weight gain during pregnancy may provide additional benefits especially for women with a history of child marriage.
C1 [Rahman, Mohammad L.; Rodrigues, Ema G.; Mazumdar, Maitreyi; Hauser, Russ; Christiani, David C.] Harvard TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
   [Kile, Molly L.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Publ Hlth & Human Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
   [Valeri, Linda] McLean Hosp, Belmont, MA USA.
   [Valeri, Linda] Harvard Med Sch, Boston, MA USA.
   [Raj, Anita] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Med, Ctr Gender Equ & Hlth, San Diego, CA 92103 USA.
   [Mostofa, Golam; Quamruzzaman, Quazi; Rahman, Mahmudur] Dhaka Community Hosp Trust, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
   [Hauser, Russ; Christiani, David C.] Harvard TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
   [Baccarelli, Andrea] Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, New York, NY USA.
   [Liang, Liming] Harvard TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA USA.
RP Christiani, DC (reprint author), Harvard TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA.; Christiani, DC (reprint author), Harvard TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
EM dchris@hsph.harvard.edu
FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) of the
   National Institutes of Health (NIH) [R01ES015533]
FX This work was supported by the National Institute of Environmental
   Health Sciences (NIEHS) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant
   R01ES015533.
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NR 86
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 5
U2 6
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0160-4120
EI 1873-6750
J9 ENVIRON INT
JI Environ. Int.
PD MAR
PY 2018
VL 112
BP 23
EP 32
DI 10.1016/j.envint.2017.12.004
PG 10
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA GB9UV
UT WOS:000429420500004
PM 29245039
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Kienesberger, S
   Perez-Perez, GI
   Olivares, AZ
   Bardhan, P
   Sarker, SA
   Hasan, KZ
   Sack, RB
   Blaser, MJ
AF Kienesberger, Sabine
   Perez-Perez, Guillermo, I
   Olivares, Asalia Z.
   Bardhan, Pradip
   Sarker, Shafiqul A.
   Hasan, Kh Zahid
   Sack, R. Bradley
   Blaser, Martin J.
TI When is Helicobacter pylori acquired in populations in developing
   countries? A birth-cohort study in Bangladeshi children
SO GUT MICROBES
LA English
DT Article
DE acquisition; transmission; epidemiology; developing countries; CagA;
   seroprevalence; seroconversion; breast feeding; serological diagnostic
   testing
ID HUMAN GASTRIC-MUCOSA; 1ST 2 YEARS; EARLY-CHILDHOOD; IMMUNE-RESPONSES;
   SERUM PEPSINOGEN; INFECTION; COLONIZATION; TRANSMISSION; AGE;
   ACQUISITION
AB Helicobacter pylori colonization is prevalent throughout the world, and is predominantly acquired during childhood. In developing countries, >70% of adult populations are colonized with H. pylori and >50% of children become colonized before the age of 10 years. However, the exact timing of acquisition is unknown. We assessed detection of H. pylori acquisition among a birth cohort of 105 children in Mirzapur, Bangladesh. Blood samples collected at time 0 (cord blood), and at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months of life were examined for the presence of IgG and IgA antibodies to whole cell H. pylori antigen and for IgG antibodies to the CagA antigen using specific ELISAs and immunoblotting. Breast milk samples were analyzed for H. pylori-specific IgA antibodies. Cord blood was used to establish maternal colonization status. H. pylori seroprevalence in the mothers was 92.8%. At the end of the two-year follow-up period, 50 (47.6%) of the 105 children were positive for H. pylori in more than one assay. Among the colonized children, CagA prevalence was 78.0%. A total of 58 children seroconverted: 50 children showed persistent colonization and 8 (7.6%) children showed transient seroconversion, but immunoblot analysis suggested that the transient seroconversion observed by ELISA may represent falsely positive results. Acquisition of H. pylori was not influenced by the mother H. pylori status in serum or breastmilk. In this population with high H. pylori prevalence, we confirmed that H. pylori in developing countries is detectable mainly after the first year of life.
C1 [Kienesberger, Sabine; Perez-Perez, Guillermo, I; Olivares, Asalia Z.; Blaser, Martin J.] NYU, Sch Med, Dept Med, New York, NY USA.
   [Sack, R. Bradley] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA.
   [Bardhan, Pradip; Sarker, Shafiqul A.; Hasan, Kh Zahid] ICDDR, Nutr & Clin Serv Div, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
   [Blaser, Martin J.] Vet Adm Med Ctr, New York, NY 10010 USA.
   [Kienesberger, Sabine] Karl Franzens Univ Graz, Inst Mol Biosci, Graz, Styria, Austria.
   [Kienesberger, Sabine] BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Styria, Austria.
RP Perez-Perez, GI (reprint author), Univ Langone Med Ctr, Dept Med, 6027W 423 East 23th st, New York, NY 10010 USA.
EM perezg02@med.nyu.edu
OI Kienesberger, Sabine/0000-0003-3190-3678; Blaser,
   Martin/0000-0003-2447-2443
FU HHS \ NIH \ National Center for Research rdf:resources (NCRR) [P60
   MD000538, RO1 GM63270]; C&D Fund NYU Center for the study of Asian
   American Health Thrasher Reserach Fund Award [02816-9]
FX HHS vertical bar NIH vertical bar National Center for Research
   rdf:resources (NCRR), P60 MD000538 HHS vertical bar NIH vertical bar
   National Center for Research rdf: resources (NCRR), RO1 GM63270 C&D Fund
   NYU Center for the study of Asian American Health Thrasher Reserach Fund
   Award, 02816-9.
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NR 84
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 1949-0976
EI 1949-0984
J9 GUT MICROBES
JI Gut Microbes
PY 2018
VL 9
IS 3
BP 252
EP 263
DI 10.1080/19490976.2017.1421887
PG 12
WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Microbiology
SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Microbiology
GA GW1OX
UT WOS:000446650400005
PM 29494270
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Lee, JJ
   Kapur, K
   Rodrigues, EG
   Hasan, MOSI
   Quamruzzaman, Q
   Wright, RO
   Bellinger, DC
   Christiani, DC
   Mazumdar, M
AF Lee, Jane J.
   Kapur, Kush
   Rodrigues, Ema G.
   Hasan, Md Omar Sharif Ibne
   Quamruzzaman, Quazi
   Wright, Robert O.
   Bellinger, David C.
   Christiani, David C.
   Mazumdar, Maitreyi
TI Anthropometric measures at birth and early childhood are associated with
   neurodevelopmental outcomes among Bangladeshi children aged 2-3 years
SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Bayley Scales of Infant Development; Neurodevelopmental status;
   Anthropometric measurements; Bangladesh; Environmental chemicals
ID EXTREMELY PRETERM INFANTS; SYSTOLIC BLOOD-PRESSURE; WATER ARSENIC
   EXPOSURE; 1ST 5 YEARS; INTELLECTUAL FUNCTION; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS;
   INTRAUTERINE GROWTH; PROSPECTIVE COHORT; COGNITIVE FUNCTION; MOTOR
   DEVELOPMENT
AB Among a cohort of children located in rural areas of Bangladesh affected by high levels of exposure to environmental metals, we investigated the associations between anthropometric measures, growth trajectory, and neurodevelopment at age 20-40 months. Our study population includedmothers and their children who participated in a longitudinal birth cohort study that took in place in the Pabna and Sirajdikhan areas of Bangladesh. Anthropometric measures including weight, length, and head circumference were measured at birth, age 12 months, and age 20-40 months. Neurodevelopment was assessed using Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development Third Edition (BSID-III) multi-scale at age 20-40 months. A total of 777 mother-child pairs were included. Higher anthropometric measures at 20-40 months were associated with higher cognitive, language, and motor scores on BSID-III. For example, a 1-kg increment in birthweight was associated with an increase of 2.11 for cognitive score (p < 0.0001), 1.63 for language score (p = 0.006), and 0.89 for motor scores (p = 0.03). Greater positive changes in growth parameters, or growth trajectory, between birth and 20-40 months were also associated with higher BSID-III scores. These associations remained significant after adjusting for potential confounders and prenatal exposure to environmental metals. These findings suggest that even when taking into account high environmental metal exposures, prenatal and early childhood growth have strong associations with neurodevelopmental test scores in early childhood. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Lee, Jane J.; Kapur, Kush; Rodrigues, Ema G.; Bellinger, David C.; Mazumdar, Maitreyi] Boston Childrens Hosp, Dept Neurol, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
   [Lee, Jane J.; Rodrigues, Ema G.; Bellinger, David C.; Christiani, David C.; Mazumdar, Maitreyi] Harvard TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
   [Hasan, Md Omar Sharif Ibne; Quamruzzaman, Quazi] Dhaka Community Hosp, 190-1,Wireless Railgate Bara Moghbazar, Dhaka 1217, Bangladesh.
   [Wright, Robert O.] Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, Dept Prevent Med, One Gustave L Levy Pl, New York, NY 10029 USA.
RP Lee, JJ (reprint author), Boston Childrens Hosp, Dept Neurol, 1 Autumn St AU 408, Boston, MA 02215 USA.
EM jane.lee2@childrens.harvard.edu; kush.kapur@childrens.harvard.edu;
   emarod77@yahoo.com; dr.sharif0909@gmail.com; qqz@bangla.net;
   robert.wright@mssm.edu; david.bellinger@childrens.harvard.edu;
   dchris@hsph.harvard.edu; maitreyi.mazumdarmdmph@childrens.harvard.edu
FU United States National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [R01
   ES011622, ES P42016454, P30 ES000002, R01 ES026317]
FX This work was supported by the United States National Institute of
   Environmental Health Sciences grants # R01 ES011622, ES P42016454, P30
   ES000002, and R01 ES026317.
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NR 77
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 6
U2 83
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0048-9697
EI 1879-1026
J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON
JI Sci. Total Environ.
PD DEC 31
PY 2017
VL 607
BP 475
EP 482
DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.06.168
PG 8
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA FF2VQ
UT WOS:000408755300048
PM 28704672
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Rahman, ML
   Valeri, L
   Kile, ML
   Mazumdar, M
   Mostofa, G
   Qamruzzaman, Q
   Rahman, M
   Baccarelli, A
   Liang, LM
   Hauser, R
   Christiani, DC
AF Rahman, Mohammad L.
   Valeri, Linda
   Kile, Molly L.
   Mazumdar, Maitreyi
   Mostofa, Golam
   Qamruzzaman, Qazi
   Rahman, Mahmudur
   Baccarelli, Andrea
   Liang, Liming
   Hauser, Russ
   Christiani, David C.
TI Investigating causal relation between prenatal arsenic exposure and
   birthweight: Are smaller infants more susceptible?
SO ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL
LA English
DT Article
ID PLACENTAL-RELATED DISEASES; FOR-GESTATIONAL-AGE; OXIDATIVE STRESS;
   DRINKING-WATER; FOLIC-ACID; SPONTANEOUS-ABORTION; PREGNANCY OUTCOMES;
   MEDIATION ANALYSIS; RURAL BANGLADESH; FETAL-GROWTH
AB Background: Shortening of gestation and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) are the two main determinants of birthweight. Low birthweight has been linked with prenatal arsenic exposure, but the causal relation between arsenic and birthweight is not well understood.
   Objectives: We applied a quantile causal mediation analysis approach to determine the association between prenatal arsenic exposure and birthweight in relation to shortening of gestation and IUGR, and whether the susceptibility of arsenic exposure varies by infant birth sizes.
   Methods: In a longitudinal birth cohort in Bangladesh, we measured arsenic in drinking water (n = 1182) collected at enrollment and maternal toenails (n = 1104) collected <= 1-month postpartum using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Gestational age was determined using ultrasound at <= 16 weeks' gestation. Demographic information was collected using a structured questionnaire.
   Results: Of 1184 singleton livebirths, 16.4% (n = 194) were low birthweight (< 2500 g), 21.9% (n = 259) preterm (< 37 weeks' gestation), and 9.2% (n = 109) both low birthweight and preterm. The median concentrations of arsenic in drinking water and maternal toenails were 2.2 mu g/L (range: below the level of detection [LOD] -1400) and 1.2 mu g/g (range: < LOD - 46.6), respectively. Prenatal arsenic exposure was negatively associated with birthweight, where the magnitude of the association varied across birthweight percentiles. The effect of arsenic on birthweight mediated via shortening of gestation affected all infants irrespective of birth sizes (beta range: 10th percentile = - 19.7 g [95% CI: - 26.7, -13.3] to 90th percentile = - 10.9 g [95% CI: - 18.5, - 5.9] per natural log water arsenic increase), whereas the effect via pathways independent of gestational age affected only the smaller infants (beta range: 10th percentile = - 28.0 g [95% CI: - 43.8, - 9.9] to 20th percentile = - 14.9 g [95% CI: - 30.3,- 1.7] per natural log water arsenic increase). Similar pattern was observed for maternal toenail arsenic.
   Conclusions: The susceptibility of prenatal arsenic exposure varied by infant birth sizes, placing smaller infants at greater risk of lower birthweight by shortening of gestation and possibly growth restriction. It is important to mitigate prenatal arsenic exposure to improve perinatal outcomes in Bangladesh.
C1 [Rahman, Mohammad L.; Mazumdar, Maitreyi; Hauser, Russ; Christiani, David C.] Harvard TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
   [Valeri, Linda] McLean Hosp, Belmont, MA 02178 USA.
   [Valeri, Linda] Harvard Med Sch, Boston, MA USA.
   [Kile, Molly L.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Publ Hlth & Human Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
   [Mostofa, Golam; Qamruzzaman, Qazi; Rahman, Mahmudur] Dhaka Community Hosp Trust, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
   [Baccarelli, Andrea] Columbia Univ, Dept Environm Hlth, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY USA.
   [Liang, Liming] Harvard TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA USA.
   [Hauser, Russ; Christiani, David C.] Harvard TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA USA.
RP Christiani, DC (reprint author), Harvard TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
EM dchris@hsph.harvard.edu
FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) of National
   Institutes of Health (NIH) [R01ES015533]
FX The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) of the
   National Institutes of Health (NIH) supported this work [grant number:
   R01ES015533].
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NR 74
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 3
U2 13
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0160-4120
EI 1873-6750
J9 ENVIRON INT
JI Environ. Int.
PD NOV
PY 2017
VL 108
BP 32
EP 40
DI 10.1016/j.envint.2017.07.026
PG 9
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA FI0HI
UT WOS:000411604400004
PM 28787626
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Berendes, D
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   Gunasekaran, A
   Roy, S
   Ghale, B
   Kumar, JS
   Mohan, VR
   Kang, G
   Moe, C
AF Berendes, David
   Leon, Juan
   Kirby, Amy
   Clennon, Julie
   Raj, Suraja
   Yakubu, Habib
   Robb, Katharine
   Kartikeyan, Arun
   Hemavathy, Priya
   Gunasekaran, Annai
   Roy, Sheela
   Ghale, Ben Chirag
   Kumar, J. Senthil
   Mohan, Venkata Raghava
   Kang, Gagandeep
   Moe, Christine
TI Household sanitation is associated with lower risk of bacterial and
   protozoal enteric infections, but not viral infections and diarrhoea, in
   a cohort study in a low-income urban neighbourhood in Vellore, India
SO TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH
LA English
DT Article
DE sanitation; enteric infection; India; epidemiology; children; diarrhoea
ID MAL-ED COHORT; FECAL SLUDGE MANAGEMENT; OPTIMAL RECALL PERIOD; CHILDHOOD
   DIARRHEA; ENVIRONMENTAL-CONDITIONS; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES;
   CONTROLLED-TRIALS; NORWALK VIRUS; BIRTH COHORT; IMPACT
AB ObjectiveThis study examined associations between household sanitation and enteric infection - including diarrhoeal-specific outcomes - in children 0-2 years of age in a low-income, dense urban neighbourhood.
   MethodsAs part of the MAL-ED study, 230 children in a low-income, urban, Indian neighbourhood provided stool specimens at 14-17 scheduled time points and during diarrhoeal episodes in the first 2 years of life that were analysed for bacterial, parasitic (protozoa and helminths) and viral pathogens. From interviews with caregivers in 100 households, the relationship between the presence (and discharge) of household sanitation facilities and any, pathogen-specific, and diarrhoea-specific enteric infection was tested through mixed-effects Poisson regression models.
   ResultsFew study households (33%) reported having toilets, most of which (82%) discharged into open drains. Controlling for season and household socio-economic status, the presence of a household toilet was associated with lower risks of enteric infection (RR: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.79-1.06), bacterial infection (RR: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.75-1.02) and protozoal infection (RR: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.39-1.04), although not statistically significant, but had no association with diarrhoea (RR: 1.00, 95% CI: 0.68-1.45) or viral infections (RR: 1.12, 95% CI: 0.79-1.60). Models also suggested that the relationship between household toilets discharging to drains and enteric infection risk may vary by season.
   ConclusionsThe presence of a household toilet was associated with lower risk of bacterial and protozoal enteric infections, but not diarrhoea or viral infections, suggesting the health effects of sanitation may be more accurately estimated using outcome measures that account for aetiologic agents.
C1 [Berendes, David] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Ford ES&T 3368 311 Ferst Dr, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
   [Berendes, David; Leon, Juan; Kirby, Amy; Clennon, Julie; Raj, Suraja; Yakubu, Habib; Robb, Katharine; Moe, Christine] Emory Univ, Ctr Global Safe Water Sanitat & Hyg, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.
   [Leon, Juan; Kirby, Amy; Moe, Christine] Emory Univ, Hubert Dept Global Hlth, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.
   [Clennon, Julie] Emory Univ, Dept Biostat, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.
   [Kartikeyan, Arun; Hemavathy, Priya; Gunasekaran, Annai; Roy, Sheela; Ghale, Ben Chirag; Kang, Gagandeep] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Wellcome Res Lab, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [Kumar, J. Senthil; Mohan, Venkata Raghava] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Community Hlth, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
RP Berendes, D (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Ford ES&T 3368 311 Ferst Dr, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
EM david.berendes@ce.gatech.edu
OI Kirby, Amy/0000-0002-6928-668X
FU Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation; Foundation for the NIH; National
   Institutes of Health/Fogarty International Center; Bill & Melinda Gates
   Foundation [OPP1016151]
FX The authors would like to thank the field and laboratory staff at CMC
   Vellore for their effort on this study and all aspects of the SaniPath
   study in Vellore, India. The Etiology, Risk Factors and Interactions of
   Enteric Infections and Malnutrition and the Consequences for Child
   Health and Development Project (MAL-ED) is carried out as a
   collaborative project supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation,
   the Foundation for the NIH and the National Institutes of Health/Fogarty
   International Center. The SaniPath study was funded by the Bill &
   Melinda Gates Foundation, OPP1016151.
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NR 77
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 3
U2 12
PU WILEY
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1360-2276
EI 1365-3156
J9 TROP MED INT HEALTH
JI Trop. Med. Int. Health
PD SEP
PY 2017
VL 22
IS 9
BP 1119
EP 1129
DI 10.1111/tmi.12915
PG 11
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine
GA FF7LF
UT WOS:000409196800007
PM 28653489
OA Other Gold, Green Published
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Chaudhary, M
   Rench, MA
   Baker, CJ
   Singh, P
   Hans, C
   Edwards, MS
AF Chaudhary, Manu
   Rench, Marcia A.
   Baker, Carol J.
   Singh, Pushpa
   Hans, Charoo
   Edwards, Morven S.
TI Group B Streptococcal Colonization Among Pregnant Women in Delhi, India
SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE group B Streptococcus; colonization; pregnancy; serotype; India
ID HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCUS; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; DISEASE; INFECTIONS;
   INFANTS; METAANALYSIS; PREVALENCE; STILLBIRTH
AB Background: Little is known regarding maternal group B streptococcal (GBS) colonization prevalence and capsular (CPS) serotype distribution among pregnant women in India. The objective of this prospective cohort study was to determine GBS recto-vaginal colonization prevalence in pregnant women at Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital in Delhi, India.
   Methods: Literature review identified reports from India assessing GBS colonization prevalence in pregnant women. Rectal and vaginal swabs were inoculated into Strep B Carrot Broth (Hardy Diagnostics, Santa Maria, CA) and subcultured onto GBS Detect plates (Hardy Diagnostics, Santa Maria, CA). Isolates were serotyped using ImmuLex Strep-B latex kits (Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark).
   Results: Thirteen studies were identified citing GBS colonization prevalence during pregnancy as 0.47%-16%. Among 300 pregnant women (mean age: 26.9 years; mean gestation: 34 weeks) enrolled (August 2015 to April 2016), GBS colonization prevalence was 15%. Fifteen percent of women had vaginal only, 29% had rectal only and 56% had both sites colonized. CPS types were Ia (13.3%), Ib (4.4%), II (20%), III (22.2%), V (20%) and VII (6.7%); 13.3% were nontypable. Fetal loss in a prior pregnancy at >= 20-weeks gestation was more common in colonized than noncolonized women (15.6% vs. 3.5%; P = 0.004). Employing recent census data for the birth cohort and estimating that 1%-2% of neonates born to colonized women develop early-onset disease, at least 39,000 cases of early-onset disease may occur yearly in India.
   Conclusions: Using optimal methods, 15% of third trimester pregnant women in India are GBS colonized. A multivalent vaccine containing 6 CPS types (Ia, Ib, II, III, V and VII) would encompass similar to 87% of GBS carried by pregnant women in India.
C1 [Chaudhary, Manu; Rench, Marcia A.; Baker, Carol J.; Edwards, Morven S.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA.
   [Baker, Carol J.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol Virol & Microbiol, Houston, TX 77030 USA.
   [Singh, Pushpa] Postgrad Inst Med Educ & Res, Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Hosp, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Delhi, India.
   [Hans, Charoo] Postgrad Inst Med Educ & Res, Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Hosp, Dept Microbiol, Delhi, India.
RP Edwards, MS (reprint author), Texas Childrens Hosp, Feigin Ctr, 1102 Bates St,Suite 1120, Houston, TX 77030 USA.
EM morvene@bcm.edu
FU Thrasher Research Fund [12945]; Pfizer, Inc.
FX This work was supported, in part, by Early Career Award number 12945
   from the Thrasher Research Fund.; C.J.B. is a consultant for Pfizer,
   Inc. and a Scientific Advisory Board Member for Seqirus, Inc. and
   CureVax, Inc. M.S.E. has a research contract with Pfizer, Inc. The other
   authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.
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NR 35
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 4
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA
SN 0891-3668
EI 1532-0987
J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J
JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J.
PD JUL
PY 2017
VL 36
IS 7
BP 665
EP 669
DI 10.1097/INF.0000000000001514
PG 5
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics
GA EX4OX
UT WOS:000403215500014
PM 28027278
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Berendes, D
   Kirby, A
   Clennon, JA
   Raj, S
   Yakubu, H
   Leon, J
   Robb, K
   Kartikeyan, A
   Hemavathy, P
   Gunasekaran, A
   Ghale, B
   Kumar, JS
   Mohan, VR
   Kang, G
   Moe, C
AF Berendes, David
   Kirby, Amy
   Clennon, Julie A.
   Raj, Suraja
   Yakubu, Habib
   Leon, Juan
   Robb, Katharine
   Kartikeyan, Arun
   Hemavathy, Priya
   Gunasekaran, Annai
   Ghale, Ben
   Kumar, J. Senthil
   Mohan, Venkata Raghava
   Kang, Gagandeep
   Moe, Christine
TI The Influence of Household- and Community-Level Sanitation and Fecal
   Sludge Management on Urban Fecal Contamination in Households and Drains
   and Enteric Infection in Children
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE
LA English
DT Article
ID CHILDHOOD DIARRHEA; ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; SHARED
   SANITATION; YOUNG-CHILDREN; SOUTHERN INDIA; BIRTH COHORT; WASTE-WATER;
   VIRUSES; HEALTH
AB Urban sanitation necessitates management of fecal sludge inside and outside the household. This study examined associations between household sanitation, fecal contamination, and enteric infection in two low-income neighborhoods in Vellore, India. Surveys and spatial analysis assessed the presence and clustering of toilets and fecal sludge management (FSM) practices in 200 households. Fecal contamination was measured in environmental samples from 50 households and household drains. Enteric infection was assessed from stool specimens from children under 5 years of age in these households. The two neighborhoods differed significantly in toilet coverage (78% versus 33%) and spatial clustering. Overall, 49% of toilets discharged directly into open drains ("poor FSM"). Children in households with poor FSM had 3.78 times higher prevalence of enteric infection when compared with children in other households, even those without toilets. In the neighborhood with high coverage of household toilets, children in households with poor FSM had 10 times higher prevalence of enteric infection than other children in the neighborhood and drains in poor FSM clusters who had significantly higher concentrations of genogroup II norovirus. Conversely, children in households with a toilet that contained excreta in a tank onsite had 55% lower prevalence of enteric infection compared with the rest of the study area. Notably, households with a toilet in the neighborhood with low toilet coverage had more fecal contamination on floors where children played compared with those without a toilet. Overall, both toilet coverage levels and FSM were associated with environmental fecal contamination and, subsequently, enteric infection prevalence in this urban setting.
C1 [Berendes, David] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Dept Environm Engn, Ford ES&T 3368,311 Ferst Dr, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
   [Berendes, David; Kirby, Amy; Clennon, Julie A.; Raj, Suraja; Yakubu, Habib; Leon, Juan; Robb, Katharine; Moe, Christine] Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Global Safe Water Sanitat & Hyg, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.
   [Moe, Christine] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Hubert Dept Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.
   [Clennon, Julie A.] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat & Bioinformat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.
   [Kartikeyan, Arun; Hemavathy, Priya; Gunasekaran, Annai; Ghale, Ben; Kang, Gagandeep] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Wellcome Res Lab, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [Kumar, J. Senthil; Mohan, Venkata Raghava] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Community Hlth, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
RP Berendes, D (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Dept Environm Engn, Ford ES&T 3368,311 Ferst Dr, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
EM david.berendes@ce.gatech.edu; aekirby@emory.edu; jclenno@emory.edu;
   suraja.jeya.raj@emory.edu; habib.yakubu@emory.edu; juan.leon@emory.edu;
   karobb@emory.edu; arunks@gmail.com; priya.hemavathy82@gmail.com;
   annaimbavellore@gmail.com; benowr@live.com; senthilcmc2008@gmail.com;
   venkat@cmcvellore.ac.in; gkang@cmcvellore.ac.in; clmoe@emory.edu
RI Leon, Juan/E-9674-2012
FU Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
FX This study was funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.
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NR 61
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 3
U2 7
PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE
PI MCLEAN
PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA
SN 0002-9637
EI 1476-1645
J9 AM J TROP MED HYG
JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg.
PY 2017
VL 96
IS 6
BP 1404
EP 1414
DI 10.4269/ajtmh.16-0170
PG 11
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine
GA FA7WW
UT WOS:000405659100025
PM 28719269
OA Green Published, Other Gold
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Sarkar, R
   Gladstone, BP
   Warier, JP
   Sharma, SL
   Raman, U
   Muliyil, J
   Kang, G
AF Sarkar, R.
   Gladstone, B. P.
   Warier, J. P.
   Sharma, S. L.
   Raman, U.
   Muliyil, J.
   Kang, G.
TI Rotavirus and other diarrheal disease in a birth cohort from Southern
   Indian community
SO INDIAN PEDIATRICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Birth cohort; Diarrhea; Children; Epidemiology; Etiology
ID MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CHILDREN; INFECTIONS;
   ETIOLOGY; RISK; EPIDEMIOLOGY; MALNUTRITION; SEVERITY; DELHI
AB To describe the incidence, severity and etiology of diarrheal disease in infants and young children residing in an urban slum community in Southern India.
   Three contiguous urban slums in Vellore, Tamil Nadu.
   452 children participating in a birth cohort study on diarrheal disease; 373 completed three years of follow-up.
   Diarrheal incidence (obtained by twiceweekly home visits) and severity (assessed by the Vesikari scoring system), and etiological agents associated with diarrhea (through examination of stool specimens by bacteriologic culture, rotavirus enzyme immunoassay, PCR for norovirus and microscopy for parasites).
   A total of 1856 diarrheal episodes were reported in 373 children. The overall incidence rate of diarrhea was 1.66 episodes per child year for three years, with 2.76 episodes per child year in infancy. The incidence peaked during the months of July and August. Severe diarrhea formed 8% of the total episodes. Rotavirus was the most common pathogen detected, being identified in 18% of episodes. Good hygiene status resulted in 33% protection against moderate-to-severe diarrhea.
   This study highlights the burden of diarrheal disease and the important etiological agents of childhood diarrhea in Southern India. Promotion of hygienic behavior through health education may help reduce diarrheal incidence in this and similar communities.
C1 [Sarkar, R.; Gladstone, B. P.; Warier, J. P.; Sharma, S. L.; Raman, U.; Muliyil, J.; Kang, G.] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Div Gastrointestinal Sci, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [Sarkar, R.; Gladstone, B. P.; Warier, J. P.; Sharma, S. L.; Raman, U.; Muliyil, J.] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Community Hlth, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
RP Kang, G (reprint author), Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Div Gastrointestinal Sci, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India.
EM gkang@cmcvellore.ac.in
FU Wellcome Trust under the Trilateral Cooperative initiative for Research
   in Infectious Diseases in the Developing World [063144]; Fogarty
   International Center Global Infectious Disease Research Training Program
   [D43 TW007392]; Wellcome Trust under the Trilateral Cooperative
   initiative for Research in Infectious Diseases in the Developing World
   [063144]; Fogarty International Center Global Infectious Disease
   Research Training Program [D43 TW007392]
FX Wellcome Trust under the Trilateral Cooperative initiative for Research
   in Infectious Diseases in the Developing World (Grant number: 063144 to
   GK). RS was supported by the Fogarty International Center Global
   Infectious Disease Research Training Program (Grant number: D43 TW007392
   to GK). Competing Interests: None stated.
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NR 30
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 4
PU SPRINGER INDIA
PI NEW DELHI
PA 7TH FLOOR, VIJAYA BUILDING, 17, BARAKHAMBA ROAD, NEW DELHI, 110 001,
   INDIA
SN 0019-6061
EI 0974-7559
J9 INDIAN PEDIATR
JI Indian Pediatrics
PD JUL
PY 2016
VL 53
IS 7
BP 583
EP 588
DI 10.1007/s13312-016-0892-2
PG 6
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA DS3TQ
UT WOS:000380706000006
PM 27508534
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Dawood, FS
   Fry, AM
   Goswami, D
   Sharmeen, A
   Nahar, K
   Anjali, BA
   Rahman, M
   Brooks, WA
AF Dawood, Fatimah S.
   Fry, Alicia M.
   Goswami, Doli
   Sharmeen, Amina
   Nahar, Kamrun
   Anjali, Bilkis Ara
   Rahman, Mustafizur
   Brooks, W. Abdullah
TI Incidence and Characteristics of Early Childhood Wheezing, Dhaka,
   Bangladesh, 2004-2010
SO PEDIATRIC PULMONOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE asthma and early wheeze; epidemiology; infections; pneumonia; viral;
   international health
ID 1ST 6 YEARS; RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS; BIRTH COHORT; EARLY-LIFE;
   AIRWAY RESPONSIVENESS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; AGE 7; ASTHMA; PREVALENCE; URBAN
AB Background: Early childhood wheezing substantially impacts quality of life in high-income countries, but data are sparse on early childhood wheezing in low-income countries. We estimate wheezing incidence, describe wheezing phenotypes, and explore the contribution of respiratory viral illnesses among children aged <5 years in urban Bangladesh. Methods: During 2004-2010, respiratory illness surveillance was conducted through weekly home visits. Children with fever or respiratory illness were referred for examination by study physicians including lung auscultation. During 2005-2007, every fifth referred child had nasal washes tested for human metapneumovirus, respiratory syncytial viruses, and influenza and parainfluenza viruses. Results: During April 2004-July 2010, 23,609 children were enrolled in surveillance. Of these, 11,912 (50%) were male, median age at enrollment was 20 months (IQR 5-38), and 4,711 (20%) had >= 1 wheezing episode accounting for 8,901 episodes (733 [8%] associated with hospitalization); 25% wheezed at <1 year of age. Among children aged <5 years, incidences of wheezing and wheezing hospitalizations were 2,335/10,000 and 192/10,000 child-years. Twenty-eight percent had recurrent wheezing. Recurrent versus non-recurrent wheezing episodes were more likely to be associated with oxygen saturation <93% (OR 6.9, 95% CI 2.8-17.3), increased work of breathing (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.4-1.8), and hospitalization (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.6-2.4). Respiratory viruses were detected in 66% (578/873) of episodes with testing. Conclusion: In urban Bangladesh, early childhood wheezing is common and largely associated with respiratory virus infections. Recurrent wheezing is associated with more severe illness and may predict children who would benefit most from closer follow-up and targeted interventions. (C) 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
C1 [Dawood, Fatimah S.; Fry, Alicia M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, 1600 Clifton Rd MS A-32, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   [Goswami, Doli; Sharmeen, Amina; Nahar, Kamrun; Anjali, Bilkis Ara; Rahman, Mustafizur; Brooks, W. Abdullah] Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
   [Brooks, W. Abdullah] Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA.
RP Dawood, FS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, 1600 Clifton Rd MS A-32, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
EM fdawood@cdc.gov
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NR 38
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 1
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 8755-6863
EI 1099-0496
J9 PEDIATR PULM
JI Pediatr. Pulmonol.
PD JUN
PY 2016
VL 51
IS 6
BP 588
EP 595
DI 10.1002/ppul.23343
PG 8
WC Pediatrics; Respiratory System
SC Pediatrics; Respiratory System
GA EL1AH
UT WOS:000394352400008
PM 26613245
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Sharma, A
   Kaplan, WA
   Chokshi, M
   Farooqui, HH
   Zodpey, SP
AF Sharma, Abhishek
   Kaplan, Warren A.
   Chokshi, Maulik
   Farooqui, Habib Hasan
   Zodpey, Sanjay P.
TI Implications of private sector Hib vaccine coverage for the introduction
   of public sector Hib-containing pentavalent vaccine in India: evidence
   from retrospective time series data
SO BMJ OPEN
LA English
DT Article
ID INFLUENZAE TYPE-B; UNIVERSAL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM; CHILDHOOD
   IMMUNIZATION; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; CONJUGATE VACCINE; DISEASE;
   ELIMINATION; HEALTH; POLICY
AB Objective: Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine has been available in India's private sector market since 1997. It was not until 14 December 2011 that the Government of India initiated the phased public sector introduction of a Hib (and DPT, diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus)-containing pentavalent vaccine. Our objective was to investigate the state-specific coverage and behaviour of Hib vaccine in India when it was available only in the private sector market but not in the public sector. This baseline information can act as a guide to determine how much coverage the public sector rollout of pentavalent vaccine (scheduled April 2015) will need to bear in order to achieve complete coverage.
   Setting: 16 of 29 states in India, 2009-2012.
   Design: Retrospective descriptive secondary data analysis.
   Data: (1) Annual sales of Hib vaccines, by volume, from private sector hospitals and retail pharmacies collected by IMS Health and (2) national household surveys.
   Outcome measures: State-specific Hib vaccine coverage (%) and its associations with state-specific socioeconomic status.
   Results: The overall private sector Hib vaccine coverage among the 2009-2012 birth cohort was low (4%) and varied widely among the studied Indian states (minimum 0.3%; maximum 4.6%). We found that private sector Hib vaccine coverage depends on urban areas with good access to the private sector, parent's purchasing capacity and private paediatricians' prescribing practices. Per capita gross domestic product is a key explanatory variable. The annual Hib vaccine uptake and the 2009-2012 coverage levels were several times higher in the capital/metropolitan cities than the rest of the state, suggesting inequity in access to Hib vaccine delivered by the private sector.
   Conclusions: If India has to achieve high and equitable Hib vaccine coverage levels, nationwide public sector introduction of the pentavalent vaccine is needed. However, the role of private sector in universal Hib vaccine coverage is undefined as yet but it should not be neglected as a useful complement to public sector services.
C1 [Sharma, Abhishek; Kaplan, Warren A.] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Global Hlth, Boston, MA 02215 USA.
   [Sharma, Abhishek; Kaplan, Warren A.] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Global Hlth & Dev, Boston, MA 02215 USA.
   [Chokshi, Maulik; Farooqui, Habib Hasan; Zodpey, Sanjay P.] Publ Hlth Fdn India, Indian Inst Publ Hlth, New Delhi, India.
RP Sharma, A (reprint author), Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Global Hlth, Boston, MA 02215 USA.
EM abhi0991@bu.edu
OI Kaplan, Warren/0000-0001-6127-4820; Farooqui, Habib/0000-0002-3081-2929
FU AS's summer fellowship project at the Frederick S Pardee Center for the
   Study of the Longer-Range Future at Boston University; IMS Health
   through a Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation grant [22693]
FX This study was conducted as AS's summer fellowship project at the
   Frederick S Pardee Center for the Study of the Longer-Range Future at
   Boston University, for which he received salary and office support for a
   period of 10 weeks. The vaccine sales data set was procured from IMS
   Health through a Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation grant (22693).
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NR 48
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 1
PU BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND
SN 2044-6055
J9 BMJ OPEN
JI BMJ Open
PY 2015
VL 5
IS 2
AR e007038
DI 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-007038
PG 9
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA CU3VZ
UT WOS:000363455400034
PM 25712822
OA DOAJ Gold, Green Published
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Gupta, S
   Chaurasia, S
   Sankar, MJ
   Deorari, AK
   Paul, VK
   Agarwal, R
AF Gupta, Shuchita
   Chaurasia, Suman
   Sankar, M. Jeeva
   Deorari, Ashok K.
   Paul, Vinod K.
   Agarwal, Ramesh
TI Neonatal Research in India: Current Status, Challenges, and the Way
   Forward
SO INDIAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
LA English
DT Review
DE Neonatology; Research
ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; CARDIOVASCULAR-RISK-FACTORS; BIRTH COHORT;
   MORTALITY; MORBIDITY; INFECTION; INFANTS; ILLNESS; GROWTH; WASTE
AB The present article systematically reviews the current status of neonatal research in India by examining the research articles published by Indian authors in the last 10 years. It also enlists the major challenges and proposes a few potential solutions to improve the status of neonatal research in the country. The systematic review of 574 eligible articles indicates that majority of the studies were observational in nature, facility-based, and primarily investigator-driven with no external funding, had small sample size, and were published in journals with low impact factor. Only a few select government and non-government academic institutions contributed to most studies. The major challenges include shortage of faculty, no provision for dedicated research time, inadequate knowledge/skills in research methods, lack of funding opportunities, limited access to literature, nonexistence of research administrative cell, inappropriately low perks to research staff, and poor support for data management and statistical analysis. The recently revised guidelines on clinical trials involving drugs have further increased the researcher's dilemma. The potential solutions are to increase the faculty strength in medical colleges, allow dedicated research time to them, appoint dedicated research cadre with emoluments at par with clinical faculty, initiate formal training in research methods, create nationwide free portal for access to literature, facilitate development of good protocols through technical guidance at all stages, make the process of funding quick and transparent, and to promote collaborative trans-disciplinary research. Experts from different domains should come together and formulate evidence based research priorities. Regulatory mechanisms should be kept proportionate to plausible risks of research, and detailed ethical guidelines for research in children should be formulated. And last but not least, harnessing postgraduate thesis potential to answer simple and relevant clinical questions in a methodologically rigorous way is the need of the hour.
C1 [Gupta, Shuchita; Chaurasia, Suman; Sankar, M. Jeeva; Deorari, Ashok K.; Paul, Vinod K.; Agarwal, Ramesh] All India Inst Med Sci, Dept Pediat, Div Neonatol, NHKC, Delhi 110029, India.
RP Agarwal, R (reprint author), All India Inst Med Sci, Dept Pediat, Div Neonatol, NHKC, Delhi 110029, India.
EM ra.aiims@gmail.com
CR Agarwal J, 2013, CLIN EPIDEMIOL GLOBA, V1, P54, DOI [10.1016/j.cegh.2013.07.001., DOI 10.1016/J.CEGH.2013.07.001]
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NR 20
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 2
PU ALL INDIA INST MEDICAL SCIENCES
PI NEW DELHI
PA ANSARI NAGAR, NEW DELHI 110 029, INDIA
SN 0019-5456
EI 0973-7693
J9 INDIAN J PEDIATR
JI Indian J. Pediatr.
PD NOV
PY 2014
VL 81
IS 11
BP 1212
EP 1220
DI 10.1007/s12098-014-1558-5
PG 9
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA AZ6TX
UT WOS:000348354300018
PM 25223863
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Dhanwal, DK
   Agarwal, S
   Garg, S
   Agarwal, P
   Singh, V
AF Dhanwal, D. K.
   Agarwal, S.
   Garg, S.
   Agarwal, P.
   Singh, V.
TI Clinical & immunological profile of newly diagnosed patients with youth
   onset diabetes mellitus
SO INDIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Anti-GAD antibody; HbA(1)c; pancreatic auto antibodies; type 1 diabetes
   mellitus; youth onset diabetes
ID BETA-CELL AUTOIMMUNITY; INDIAN POPULATION; BIRTH COHORT; YOUNG;
   ANTIBODIES; CLASSIFICATION; AUTOANTIBODIES; INFECTIONS; PREVALENCE;
   FAMILY
AB Background & objectives: There has been a rise in the incidence of diabetes mellitus in the younger population of India. There are limited data available on the immunological profile of youth onset diabetes mellitus (DM) especially in type 2. Therefore, this study was undertaken to evaluate the clinical and immunological profile of youth onset DM in north India.
   Methods: Fifty one consecutive patients of 8-35 yr of age with diabetes mellitus attending the Lok Nayak Hospital, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, and Hormone Care and Research Center at Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India, were included in the study. All subjects were tested for glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), an islet cell antigen ICA512/IA2, and insulin antibodies. GAD and ICA512/IA2 were done by ELISA and insulin autoantibodies were tested by radioimmunoassay (RIA) method. These patients were also screened for hepatitis A to E, cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) as trigger factors for onset of type 1 DM.
   Results: of the total 51 patients, 38 were men and 13 were women. The mean age and BMI of the subjects was 19.7 (+/- 7) years and 21 (+/- 5) kg/m(2), respectively. Twenty patients were below the age of 18 yr and their height was more than 75th percentile of Indian standards. All patients were symptomatic and 12 of these presented with ketoacidosis. only 48 per cent (n=24) were positive for GAD, 14 per cent (n=7) for ICA512/IA-2, and 28% (n=14) were positive for insulin antibody. Five of these patients had evidence of hepatitis E virus infection. None of the subjects had evidence of active CMV or EBV infection.
   Interpretation & conclusions: About half of the youth onset diabetes mellitus patients from north India had presence of pancreatic autoimmunity in the form of GAD, ICA512/IA2, and insulin antibodies or a combination of antibodies suggestive of having type 1 DM. Further studies need to be done on a large sample size in different parts of the country.
C1 [Dhanwal, D. K.; Agarwal, S.; Garg, S.; Singh, V.] Maulana Azad Med Coll, Dept Med, New Delhi 110002, India.
   [Agarwal, P.] Hormone Care & Res Ctr, Ghaziabad, India.
RP Dhanwal, DK (reprint author), Maulana Azad Med Coll, New Delhi 110002, India.
EM dineshdhanwal@hotmail.com
CR Amutha A, 2011, PRIM CARE DIABETES, V5, P223, DOI 10.1016/j.pcd.2011.04.003
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NR 31
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU INDIAN COUNCIL MEDICAL RES
PI NEW DELHI
PA PO BOX 4911 ANSARI NAGAR, NEW DELHI 110029, INDIA
SN 0971-5916
J9 INDIAN J MED RES
JI Indian J. Med. Res.
PD SEP
PY 2014
VL 140
BP 356
EP 360
PG 5
WC Immunology; Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine, Research &
   Experimental
SC Immunology; General & Internal Medicine; Research & Experimental
   Medicine
GA AW4NJ
UT WOS:000346257600007
PM 25366202
OA DOAJ Gold
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Nightingale, CM
   Krishnaveni, GV
   Rudnicka, AR
   Owen, CG
   Veena, SR
   Hill, JC
   Cook, DG
   Fall, CHD
   Whincup, PH
AF Nightingale, Claire M.
   Krishnaveni, Ghattu V.
   Rudnicka, Alicja R.
   Owen, Christopher G.
   Veena, Sargoor R.
   Hill, Jacqueline C.
   Cook, Derek G.
   Fall, Caroline H. D.
   Whincup, Peter H.
TI Cardiometabolic Risk Markers in Indian Children: Comparison with UK
   Indian and White European Children
SO PLOS ONE
LA English
DT Article
ID BLOOD-PRESSURE-MEASUREMENT; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; BODY-MASS INDEX;
   CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; ETHNIC-DIFFERENCES; ENGLAND
   CHASE; VASCULAR MORTALITY; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; INDIVIDUAL DATA
AB Objective: UK Indian adults have higher risks of coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes than Indian and UK European adults. With growing evidence that these diseases originate in early life, we compared cardiometabolic risk markers in Indian, UK Indian and white European children. Methods: Comparisons were based on the Mysore Parthenon Birth Cohort Study (MPBCS), India and the Child Heart Health Study in England (CHASE), which studied 9-10 year-old children (538 Indian, 483 UK Indian, 1375 white European) using similar methods. Analyses adjusted for study differences in age and sex. Results: Compared with Mysore Indians, UK Indians had markedly higher BMI (% difference 21%, 95%CI 18 to 24%), skinfold thickness (% difference 34%, 95%CI 26 to 42%), LDL-cholesterol (mean difference 0.48, 95%CI 0.38 to 0.57 mmol/L), systolic BP (mean difference 10.3, 95% CI 8.9 to 11.8 mmHg) and fasting insulin (% difference 145%, 95%CI 124 to 168%). These differences (similar in both sexes and little affected by adiposity adjustment) were larger than those between UK Indians and white Europeans. Compared with white Europeans, UK Indians had higher skinfold thickness (% difference 6.0%, 95% CI 1.5 to 10.7%), fasting insulin (% difference 31%, 95% CI 22 to 40%), triglyceride (% difference 13%, 95% CI 8 to 18%) and LDL-cholesterol (mean difference 0.12 mmol/L, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.19 mmol/L). Conclusions: UK Indian children have an adverse cardiometabolic risk profile, especially compared to Indian children. These differences, not simply reflecting greater adiposity, emphasize the need for prevention strategies starting in childhood or earlier.
C1 [Nightingale, Claire M.; Rudnicka, Alicja R.; Owen, Christopher G.; Cook, Derek G.; Whincup, Peter H.] St Georges Univ London, Div Populat Hlth Sci & Educ, London, England.
   [Krishnaveni, Ghattu V.; Veena, Sargoor R.] CSI Holdsworth Mem Hosp, Epidemiol Res Unit, Mysore, Karnataka, India.
   [Hill, Jacqueline C.; Fall, Caroline H. D.] Southampton Gen Hosp, Med Res Council Lifecourse Epidemiol Unit, Southampton SO9 4XY, Hants, England.
RP Nightingale, CM (reprint author), St Georges Univ London, Div Populat Hlth Sci & Educ, London, England.
EM cnightin@sgul.ac.uk
RI Cook, Derek/C-3271-2008
OI Nightingale, Claire/0000-0002-4803-7617; Whincup,
   Peter/0000-0002-5589-4107; Krishnaveni, Ghattu V/0000-0002-6532-8272;
   Owen, Christopher/0000-0003-1135-5977; Nightingale,
   Claire/0000-0003-2408-757X
FU NIHR; Wellcome Trust; Parthenon Trust; Medical Research Council; Medical
   Research Council [MC_U147585821]; National Institute for Health Research
   [DRF-2010-03-101]
FX Claire Nightingale was supported by an NIHR Doctoral Fellowship. CHASE
   was supported by the Wellcome Trust and MPBCS by Parthenon Trust,
   Medical Research Council and the Wellcome Trust. The study sponsors had
   no role in the collection, analysis and interpretation of the data or in
   the writing of the report or in the decision to submit this paper for
   publication.
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NR 38
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 7
PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA
SN 1932-6203
J9 PLOS ONE
JI PLoS One
PD APR 27
PY 2012
VL 7
IS 4
AR e36236
DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0036236
PG 9
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 959TJ
UT WOS:000305336000166
PM 22558399
OA DOAJ Gold, Green Published
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Steiner, KL
   Ahmed, S
   Gilchrist, CA
   Burkey, C
   Cook, H
   Ma, JZ
   Korpe, PS
   Ahmed, E
   Alam, M
   Kabir, M
   Tofail, F
   Ahmed, T
   Haque, R
   Petri, WA
   Faruque, ASG
AF Steiner, Kevin L.
   Ahmed, Shahnawaz
   Gilchrist, Carol A.
   Burkey, Cecelia
   Cook, Heather
   Ma, Jennie Z.
   Korpe, Poonum S.
   Ahmed, Emtiaz
   Alam, Masud
   Kabir, Mamun
   Tofail, Fahmida
   Ahmed, Tahmeed
   Haque, Rashidul
   Petri, William A., Jr.
   Faruque, Abu S. G.
TI Species of Cryptosporidia Causing Subclinical Infection Associated With
   Growth Faltering in Rural and Urban Bangladesh: A Birth Cohort Study
SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
DE cryptosporidiosis; species; growth faltering; birth cohort; Bangladesh
ID DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; PERUVIAN CHILDREN; OOCYST EXCRETION; SOUTHERN
   INDIA; COMMUNITY; AMEBIASIS; DIARRHEA
AB Background. Cryptosporidiosis is a major cause of childhood diarrhea in low- and middle-income countries and has been linked to impairment of child growth. This study investigated the burden of cryptosporidiosis and its impact on child growth in both a rural and an urban site in Bangladesh.
   Methods. Pregnant women in the second trimester were identified at 2 sites in Bangladesh, 1 urban and 1 rural. Their offspring were enrolled at birth into the study (urban, n = 250; rural, n = 258). For 2 years, the children were actively monitored for diarrhea and anthropometric measurements were obtained every 3 months. Stool samples were collected monthly and during diarrheal episodes with Cryptosporidium infection and causative species determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays.
   Results. Cryptosporidium infections were common at both sites and mostly subclinical. In the urban site, 161 (64%) children were infected and 65 (26%) had >= 2 infections. In the rural site, 114 (44%) were infected and 24 (9%) had multiple infections. Adjusted for potential confounders, cryptosporidiosis was associated with a significantly greater drop in the length-for-age z score (LAZ) at 24 months from LAZ at enrollment (Delta-LAZ), an effect greatest in the children with multiple episodes of cryptosporidiosis. The most common species in Mirpur was Cryptosporidium hominis, whereas Cryptosporidium meleagridis predominated in Mirzapur.
   Conclusions. Cryptosporidiosis is common in early childhood and associated with early growth faltering in Bangladeshi children. Predominant Cryptosporidium species differed between the 2 sites, suggesting different exposures or modes of transmission but similar consequences for child growth.
C1 [Steiner, Kevin L.; Gilchrist, Carol A.; Burkey, Cecelia; Petri, William A., Jr.] Univ Virginia, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis & Int Hlth, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA.
   [Ahmed, Shahnawaz; Ahmed, Emtiaz; Alam, Masud; Kabir, Mamun; Tofail, Fahmida; Ahmed, Tahmeed; Haque, Rashidul; Faruque, Abu S. G.] Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
   [Cook, Heather] Univ Virginia, Sch Med, Dept Stat, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA.
   [Ma, Jennie Z.] Univ Virginia, Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Div Biostat, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA.
   [Korpe, Poonum S.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA.
RP Petri, WA (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Med, POB 801340, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA.
EM wap3g@virginia.edu
FU National Institutes of Health [R01 AI043596, T32 AI055432]; Bill &
   Melinda Gates Foundation [OPP1100514]
FX This study was supported by the National Institutes of Health (grant
   numbers R01 AI043596 to W. A. P. and T32 AI055432 to K. L. S.) and the
   Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (grant number OPP1100514 to A. S. G.
   F.).
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NR 26
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
PI CARY
PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA
SN 1058-4838
EI 1537-6591
J9 CLIN INFECT DIS
JI Clin. Infect. Dis.
PD NOV 1
PY 2018
VL 67
IS 9
BP 1347
EP 1355
DI 10.1093/cid/ciy310
PG 9
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
GA GY7JO
UT WOS:000448786200007
PM 29897482
OA Bronze
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Mannan, T
   Ahmed, S
   Akhtar, E
   Bin Ahsan, K
   Haq, A
   Kippler, M
   Vahter, M
   Raqib, R
AF Mannan, Tania
   Ahmed, Sultan
   Akhtar, Evana
   Bin Ahsan, Khalid
   Haq, Ahsanul
   Kippler, Maria
   Vahter, Marie
   Raqib, Rubhana
TI Associations of Arsenic Exposure With Telomere Length and Naive T Cells
   in Childhood-A Birth Cohort Study
SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
DE telomere length; immunosenescence; sjTRECs; arsenic; birth cohort;
   school children
ID RECEPTOR EXCISION CIRCLES; RECENT THYMIC EMIGRANTS; OXIDATIVE STRESS;
   RURAL BANGLADESH; DRINKING-WATER; IN-UTERO; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD;
   ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; OCCUPATIONAL-EXPOSURE; RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS
AB There is limited knowledge of association between arsenic exposure and telomere length (IL) and signal joint T-cell receptor excision circle (sjTREC) that are potential biomarkers of immune senescence and disease susceptibility. We aimed to clarify whether long-term inorganic arsenic exposure influences TL and sjTRECs in childhood. Children born in a longitudinal mother-child cohort were followed-up at 4.5 (n-275) and 9 years (n-351) of age. Arsenic exposure was assessed by metabolite concentrations in urine (U-As) from mothers at gestational week 8 (prenatal) and their children at 4.5 and 9 years. TL and sjTRECs were determined in blood cells using quantitative PCR. The oxidative DNA damage marker 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in plasma was measured by ELISA. In multivariable-adjusted spline regression analyses, both prenatal and childhood arsenic exposure above U-As of 45 41 were significantly inversely associated with TL and sjTRECs at 9 years. Fraction of monomethylarsonic acid (MMA) above spline knot 7% were significantly inversely associated with both TL and sjTRECs reflecting increased toxicity due to less-efficient arsenic metabolism in 9-year-old children. Prenatal and childhood arsenic exposure were positively associated with 8-OHdG at 9 years which in turn was inversely associated with sjTRECs at 9 years. However, adjustment with 8-OHdG did not change the estimates of the association of U-As with sjTRECs reflecting little contribution from 8-OHdG-induced oxidative stress. Our findings suggest that chronic arsenic exposure from early life can result in TL attrition and lower production of naive T cells potentially leading to immunosenescence and immunodeficiency.
C1 [Mannan, Tania; Ahmed, Sultan; Akhtar, Evana; Bin Ahsan, Khalid; Haq, Ahsanul; Raqib, Rubhana] Icddr b, Infect Dis Div, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh.
   [Mannan, Tania] Bangladesh Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Immunol, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh.
   [Kippler, Maria; Vahter, Marie] Karolinska Inst, Inst Environm Med, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
   [Bin Ahsan, Khalid] Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Neurogenet, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
RP Raqib, R (reprint author), Icddr b, Infect Dis Div, Immunobiol Nutr & Toxicol Lab, 68 Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh.
EM rubhana@icddrb.org
OI Kippler, Maria/0000-0002-9010-9821
FU Swedish Research Council; Swedish International Development Cooperation
   Agency (Sida/SAREC) [GR00599, GR00933]
FX This work was supported by the Swedish Research Council, and the Swedish
   International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida/SAREC Agreement
   support with icddr,b; grant GR00599; GR00933).
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NR 60
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 4
U2 5
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 1096-6080
EI 1096-0929
J9 TOXICOL SCI
JI Toxicol. Sci.
PD AUG
PY 2018
VL 164
IS 2
BP 539
EP 549
DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfy105
PG 11
WC Toxicology
SC Toxicology
GA GP6LT
UT WOS:000440992700015
PM 29757418
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Lee, B
   Carmolli, M
   Dickson, DM
   Colgate, ER
   Diehl, SA
   Uddin, MI
   Islam, S
   Hossain, M
   Rafique, TA
   Bhuiyan, TR
   Alam, M
   Nayak, U
   Mychaleckyj, JC
   McNeal, MM
   Petri, WA
   Qadri, F
   Haque, R
   Kirkpatrick, BD
AF Lee, Benjamin
   Carmolli, Marya
   Dickson, Dorothy M.
   Colgate, E. Ross
   Diehl, Sean A.
   Uddin, Muhammad Ikhtear
   Islam, Shahidul
   Hossain, Motaher
   Rafique, Tanzeem Ahmed
   Bhuiyan, Taufiqur Rahman
   Alam, Masud
   Nayak, Uma
   Mychaleckyj, Josyf C.
   McNeal, Monica M.
   Petri, William A.
   Qadri, Firdausi
   Haque, Rashidul
   Kirkpatrick, Beth D.
TI Rotavirus-Specific Immunoglobulin A Responses Are Impaired and Serve as
   a Suboptimal Correlate of Protection Among Infants in Bangladesh
SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
DE rotavirus; IgA; vaccination; correlate of protection; Prentice criteria
ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; ORAL POLIOVIRUS VACCINES;
   PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; CLINICAL-TRIALS; INDIAN
   INFANTS; BIRTH COHORT; DOUBLE-BLIND; IMMUNOGENICITY; CHILDREN
AB Background. Rotavirus (RV)-specific immunoglobulin A (IgA) responses following oral RV vaccination are impaired in low-income countries, where the utility of RV-IgA as a correlate of protection (CoP) remains unclear. In a monovalent oral RV vaccine (Rotarix) efficacy trial among infants in Dhaka, Bangladesh, we identified factors associated with poor RV-IgA responses and explored the utility of RV-IgA as a CoP.
   Methods. Infants were randomized to receive Rotarix or no Rotarix at 10 and 17 weeks of life and followed with active diarrheal surveillance. RV-IgA concentration, seroconversion, and seropositivity were determined at 18 weeks of life and analyzed for correlation(s) with rotavirus diarrhea (RVD) and for contribution to Rotarix vaccine effect.
   Results. Among vaccinated infants, overall RV-IgA geometric mean concentration was 21 U/mL; only 27% seroconverted and 32% were seropositive after vaccination. Increased RV-specific maternal antibodies significantly impaired immunogenicity. Seroconversion was associated with reduced risk of RVD through 1 year of life, but RV-IgA seropositivity only explained 7.8% of the vaccine effect demonstrated by the clinical endpoint (RVD).
   Conclusions. RV-IgA responses were low among infants in Bangladesh and were significantly impaired by maternal antibodies. RV-IgA is a suboptimal CoP in this setting; an improved CoP for RV in low-income countries is needed.
C1 [Lee, Benjamin] Univ Vermont, Larner Coll Med, Vaccine Testing Ctr, Dept Pediat, 89 Beaumont Ave,Given C219, Burlington, VT 05405 USA.
   [Carmolli, Marya; Dickson, Dorothy M.; Colgate, E. Ross; Diehl, Sean A.; Kirkpatrick, Beth D.] Univ Vermont, Larner Coll Med, Vaccine Testing Ctr, Dept Med, Burlington, VT USA.
   [Uddin, Muhammad Ikhtear; Islam, Shahidul; Hossain, Motaher; Rafique, Tanzeem Ahmed; Bhuiyan, Taufiqur Rahman; Alam, Masud; Qadri, Firdausi; Haque, Rashidul] Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
   [Nayak, Uma; Mychaleckyj, Josyf C.] Univ Virginia, Ctr Publ Hlth Genom, Charlottesville, VA USA.
   [Nayak, Uma; Mychaleckyj, Josyf C.] Univ Virginia, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Charlottesville, VA USA.
   [McNeal, Monica M.] Cincinnati Childrens Hosp Med Ctr, Lab Specialized Clin Studies, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA.
   [Petri, William A.] Univ Virginia, Div Infect Dis & Int Hlth, Charlottesville, VA USA.
   [Islam, Shahidul] Kanazawa Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Vasc Physiol, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan.
RP Lee, B (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Larner Coll Med, Vaccine Testing Ctr, Dept Pediat, 89 Beaumont Ave,Given C219, Burlington, VT 05405 USA.
EM benjamin.lee.1@med.uvm.edu
FU Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation [OPP1017093, OPP1127782]; International
   Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh; government of
   Bangladesh; government of Canada; government of Sweden; government of
   United Kingdom
FX This work was supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (award
   numbers OPP1017093 to W. A. P. and OPP1127782 to B. D. K.); the
   International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh; and
   the governments of Bangladesh, Canada, Sweden, and the United Kingdom
   (core/unrestricted support).
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NR 40
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
PI CARY
PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA
SN 1058-4838
EI 1537-6591
J9 CLIN INFECT DIS
JI Clin. Infect. Dis.
PD JUL 15
PY 2018
VL 67
IS 2
BP 186
EP 192
DI 10.1093/cid/ciy076
PG 7
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
GA GM8ST
UT WOS:000438504800008
PM 29394355
OA Bronze
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Thakur, N
   Jain, S
   Changotra, H
   Shrivastava, R
   Kumar, Y
   Grover, N
   Vashistt, J
AF Thakur, Nutan
   Jain, Swapnil
   Changotra, Harish
   Shrivastava, Rahul
   Kumar, Yashwant
   Grover, Neelam
   Vashistt, Jitendraa
TI Molecular characterization of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli pathotypes:
   Association of virulent genes, serogroups, and antibiotic resistance
   among moderate-to-severe diarrhea patients
SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL LABORATORY ANALYSIS
LA English
DT Article
DE antimicrobial resistance; childhood diarrhea; diarrhea; diarrheagenic E;
   coli; serogroups
ID GLOBAL ENTERIC MULTICENTER; E.-COLI; YOUNG-CHILDREN;
   DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; BIRTH COHORT; INDIA;
   ETIOLOGY; DISEASE; PREVALENCE
AB BackgroundDiarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) signifies as an important etiological agent of moderate-to-severe diarrhea. This study was primarily focused on molecular identification of DEC pathotypes; their association with serogroups and estimates of resistance profiles against different antibiotics regime.
   MethodsFive hundred seventy-two stool specimens from diarrhea patients were investigated for DEC pathotypes. Molecular pathotypes were identified by amplification of virulence genes associated with distinct pathotypes followed by sequencing. Diarrhea is a self-limiting disease, however, severity and persistence of infection suggest antibiotic use. Therefore, AST and MIC were determined against common antibiotic regimen. Correlations between molecular pathotypes and serogroups were analyzed by somatic O antigen serotyping.
   ResultsThe present findings reveal incidence of DEC as an etiological agent up to a level of 21% among all diarrheal age groups. DEC infection rate was higher in children. Enteropathogenic E.coliEPEC, a molecular pathotype of DEC, was found as a predominant pathotype with highest frequency of 13.7%. Two other molecular pathotypes enterotoxigenic E.coli (ETEC) and enteroaggregative E.coli (EAEC) accounted for 5.7% and 1.3%, respectively for all diarrhea incidences. Serological analysis deciphered somatic antigens O26, O2, and O3 as major serogroups identified among EPEC, ETEC, and EAEC pathotypes, respectively. All DEC pathotypes exhibited high levels of antibiotic resistance except for cotrimoxazole and norfloxacin.
   ConclusionComprehensive molecular characterization of DEC pathotypes, their incidence estimates, and antibiogram patterns will help in ascertaining better diagnostic and therapeutic measures in management of diarrheal diseases.
C1 [Thakur, Nutan; Jain, Swapnil; Changotra, Harish; Shrivastava, Rahul; Vashistt, Jitendraa] Jaypee Univ Informat Technol, Dept Biotechnol & Bioinformat, Solan, India.
   [Kumar, Yashwant] Cent Res Inst, Natl Salmonella & Escherichia Coli Ctr, Kasauli, India.
   [Grover, Neelam] Indira Gandhi Med Coll, Dept Pediat, Shimla, India.
RP Vashistt, J (reprint author), Jaypee Univ Informat Technol, Dept Biotechnol & Bioinformat, Solan, India.
EM jitendraa.vashistt@juit.ac.in
FU Indian Council of Medical Research [5/9-1(26)2011-12ECD-II]
FX Indian Council of Medical Research, Grant/Award Number:
   5/9-1(26)2011-12ECD-II
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NR 80
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 5
U2 5
PU WILEY
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA
SN 0887-8013
EI 1098-2825
J9 J CLIN LAB ANAL
JI J. Clin. Lab. Anal.
PD JUN
PY 2018
VL 32
IS 5
AR e22388
DI 10.1002/jcla.22388
PG 11
WC Medical Laboratory Technology
SC Medical Laboratory Technology
GA GJ3XQ
UT WOS:000435263900024
PM 29356079
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Colston, JM
   Ahmed, AMS
   Soofi, SB
   Svensen, E
   Haque, R
   Shrestha, J
   Nshama, R
   Bhutta, Z
   Lima, IFN
   Samie, A
   Bodhidatta, L
   Lima, AAM
   Bessong, P
   Olortegui, MP
   Turab, A
   Mohan, VR
   Moulton, LH
   Naumova, EN
   Kang, G
   Kosek, MN
AF Colston, J. M.
   Ahmed, A. M. S.
   Soofi, S. B.
   Svensen, E.
   Haque, R.
   Shrestha, J.
   Nshama, R.
   Bhutta, Z.
   Lima, I. F. N.
   Samie, A.
   Bodhidatta, L.
   Lima, A. A. M.
   Bessong, P.
   Paredes Olortegui, M.
   Turab, A.
   Mohan, V. R.
   Moulton, L. H.
   Naumova, E. N.
   Kang, G.
   Kosek, M. N.
CA Mal-Ed Network
TI Seasonality and within-subject clustering of rotavirus infections in an
   eight-site birth cohort study
SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION
LA English
DT Article
DE Cohort study; diarrhoea; pediatric infections; rotavirus; seasonality
ID MAL-ED COHORT; GLOBAL SEASONALITY; COMMUNITY; DISEASES; VACCINE;
   EPIDEMIOLOGY; DIARRHEA; TEMPERATURE; PREVALENCE; WEATHER
AB Improving understanding of the pathogen-specific seasonality of enteric infections is critical to informing policy on the timing of preventive measures and to forecast trends in the burden of diarrhoeal disease. Data obtained from active surveillance of cohorts can capture the underlying infection status as transmission occurs in the community. The purpose of this study was to characterise rotavirus seasonality in eight different locations while adjusting for age, calendar time and within-subject clustering of episodes by applying an adapted Serfling model approach to data from a multi-site cohort study. In the Bangladesh and Peru sites, within-subject clustering was high, with more than half of infants who experienced one rotavirus infection going on to experience a second and more than 20% experiencing a third. In the five sites that are in countries that had not introduced the rotavirus vaccine, the model predicted a primary peak in prevalence during the dry season and, in three of these, a secondary peak during the rainy season. The patterns predicted by this approach are broadly congruent with several emerging hypotheses about rotavirus transmission and are consistent for both symptomatic and asymptomatic rotavirus episodes. These findings have practical implications for programme design, but caution should be exercised in deriving inferences about the underlying pathways driving these trends, particularly when extending the approach to other pathogens.
C1 [Colston, J. M.; Moulton, L. H.; Kosek, M. N.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA.
   [Ahmed, A. M. S.] Menzies Sch Hlth Res, Casuarina, Australia.
   [Soofi, S. B.; Bhutta, Z.] Aga Khan Univ, Dept Pediat & Child Hlth, Karachi, Pakistan.
   [Svensen, E.] Univ Bergen, Dept Global Publ Hlth & Primary Care, Bergen, Norway.
   [Haque, R.] Icddr B, Ctr Nutr & Food Secur, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
   [Shrestha, J.] Walter Reed AFRIMS Res Unit Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal.
   [Nshama, R.] Haydom Global Hlth Inst, Haydom, Tanzania.
   [Lima, I. F. N.; Lima, A. A. M.] Univ Fed Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil.
   [Samie, A.; Bessong, P.] Univ Venda, Thohoyandou, Limpopo, South Africa.
   [Bodhidatta, L.] AFRIMS, Enter Dis, Bangkok, Thailand.
   [Paredes Olortegui, M.] Asociac Benef Prisma, Unidad Invest Biomed, Iquitos, Peru.
   [Turab, A.; Mohan, V. R.] Maternal & Child Hlth Program, Interact Res & Dev, Karachi, Pakistan.
   [Kang, G.] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [Naumova, E. N.] Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USA.
RP Kosek, MN (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA.
EM mkosek@jhu.edu
OI Colston, Josh/0000-0003-4567-5813; Bessong, Pascal/0000-0003-0561-272X
FU Bill AMP; Melinda Gates Foundation; Foundation for the National
   Institutes of Health; National Institutes of Health, Fogarty
   International Center; Sherrilyn and Ken Fisher Center for Environmental
   Infectious Diseases of the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine
FX The Etiology, Risk Factors, and Interactions of Enteric Infections and
   Malnutrition and the Consequences for Child Health and Development
   Project (MAL-ED) is carried out as a collaborative project supported by
   the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the Foundation for the National
   Institutes of Health and the National Institutes of Health, Fogarty
   International Center. Additional support was obtained from the Sherrilyn
   and Ken Fisher Center for Environmental Infectious Diseases of the Johns
   Hopkins School of Medicine.
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NR 44
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 1
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI NEW YORK
PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA
SN 0950-2688
EI 1469-4409
J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT
JI Epidemiol. Infect.
PD APR
PY 2018
VL 146
IS 6
BP 688
EP 697
DI 10.1017/S0950268818000304
PG 10
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases
GA GD0KK
UT WOS:000430189500004
PM 29534766
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Lima, AAM
   Soares, AM
   Filho, JQS
   Havt, A
   Lima, IFN
   Lima, NL
   Abreu, CB
   Junior, FS
   Mota, RMS
   Pan, WKY
   Troeger, C
   Medeiros, PHQS
   Veras, HN
   Prata, MA
   McCormick, BJJ
   McGrath, M
   Rogawski, ET
   Houpt, ER
   Platts-Mills, JA
   Gratz, J
   Samie, A
   Bessong, P
   Babji, S
   Kang, G
   Qureshi, S
   Shakoor, S
   Bhutta, ZA
   Haque, R
   Ahmed, T
   Mduma, ER
   Svensen, E
   Kosek, M
   Yori, PP
   Bodhidatta, L
   Jasmin, S
   Mason, CJ
   Lang, D
   Gottlieb, M
   Guerrant, RL
AF Lima, Aldo A. M.
   Soares, Alberto M.
   Filho, Jose Q. S.
   Havt, Alexandre
   Lima, Ila F. N.
   Lima, Noelia L.
   Abreu, Claudia B.
   Junior, Francisco S.
   Mota, Rosa M. S.
   Pan, William K. -Y.
   Troeger, Christopher
   Medeiros, Pedro H. Q. S.
   Veras, Herlice N.
   Prata, Mara A.
   McCormick, Ben J. J.
   McGrath, Monica
   Rogawski, Elizabeth T.
   Houpt, Eric R.
   Platts-Mills, James A.
   Gratz, Jean
   Samie, Amidou
   Bessong, Pascal
   Babji, Sudhir
   Kang, Gangadeep
   Qureshi, Shahida
   Shakoor, Sadia
   Bhutta, Zulfigar A.
   Haque, Rashidul
   Ahmed, Tahmeed
   Mduma, Estomih R.
   Svensen, Erling
   Kosek, Margaret
   Yori, Pablo P.
   Bodhidatta, Ladaporn
   Jasmin, Shrestha
   Mason, Carl J.
   Lang, Dennis
   Gottlieb, Michael
   Guerrant, Richard L.
TI Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli Subclinical Infection and
   Coinfections and Impaired Child Growth in the MAL-ED Cohort Study
SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC GASTROENTEROLOGY AND NUTRITION
LA English
DT Article
DE enteroaggregative Escherichia coli; gut inflammation; intestinal immune
   responses; nutritional status; pathogen enteroaggregative Escherichia
   coli coinfection
ID BIRTH COHORT; INTESTINAL INFLAMMATION; ENTERIC INFECTIONS; DIARRHEA;
   SITE; ENTEROPATHOGEN; MALNUTRITION; BANGLADESH; CHALLENGES; COMMUNITY
AB Objective: We evaluated the impact of subclinical enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) infection alone and in combination with other pathogens in the first 6 months of life on child growth.
   Methods: Nondiarrheal samples from 1684 children across 8 Multisite Birth Cohort Study, Malnutrition and Enteric Diseases (MAL-ED) sites in Asia, Africa, and Latin America were tested monthly; more than 90% of children were followed-up twice weekly for the first 6 months of life.
   Results: Children with subclinical EAEC infection did not show altered growth between enrollment and 6 months. Conversely, EAEC coinfection with any other pathogen was negatively associated with delta weight-for-length (P<0.05) and weight-for-age (P>0.05) z scores between 0 and 6 months. The presence of 2 or more pathogens without EAEC was not significantly associated with delta weight-for-length and weight-for-age. The most frequent EAEC coinfections included Campylobacter spp, heat-labile toxin-producing enterotoxigenic E coli, Cryptosporidium spp, and atypical enteropathogenic E coli. Myeloperoxidase levels were increased with EAEC coinfection (P<0.05). EAEC pathogen codetection was associated with lower neopterin levels compared to those of no-pathogen control children (P<0.05). Mothers of children with EAEC coinfections had lower levels of education, poorer hygiene and sanitation, lower socioeconomic status, and lower breast-feeding rates compared to mothers of children in whom no pathogen was detected (P<0.05).
   Conclusions: These data emphasize the public health importance of subclinical EAEC infection in early infancy in association with other pathogens and the need for improved maternal and child care, hygiene, sanitation, and socioeconomic factors.
C1 [Lima, Aldo A. M.; Soares, Alberto M.; Filho, Jose Q. S.; Havt, Alexandre; Lima, Ila F. N.; Lima, Noelia L.; Abreu, Claudia B.; Junior, Francisco S.; Mota, Rosa M. S.; Medeiros, Pedro H. Q. S.; Veras, Herlice N.; Prata, Mara A.; Bodhidatta, Ladaporn] Univ Fed Ceara, Clin Res Unit, R Cel Nunes de Melo 1315, BR-60430270 Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil.
   [Lima, Aldo A. M.; Soares, Alberto M.; Filho, Jose Q. S.; Havt, Alexandre; Lima, Ila F. N.; Lima, Noelia L.; Abreu, Claudia B.; Junior, Francisco S.; Mota, Rosa M. S.; Medeiros, Pedro H. Q. S.; Veras, Herlice N.; Prata, Mara A.; Bodhidatta, Ladaporn] Univ Fed Ceara, Inst Biomed, R Cel Nunes de Melo 1315, BR-60430270 Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil.
   [Pan, William K. -Y.] Duke Univ, Duke Global Hlth Inst, Durham, NC USA.
   [Troeger, Christopher] Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA USA.
   [McCormick, Ben J. J.; McGrath, Monica] NIH, Fogarty Int Ctr, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
   [Rogawski, Elizabeth T.; Houpt, Eric R.; Platts-Mills, James A.; Gratz, Jean; Guerrant, Richard L.] Univ Virginia, Div Infect Dis & Int Hlth, Charlottesville, VA USA.
   [Samie, Amidou; Bessong, Pascal] Univ Venda, Dept Microbiol, Thohoyandou, South Africa.
   [Babji, Sudhir] Christian Med Coll & Hosp Vellore, Div Gastrointestinal Sci, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [Kang, Gangadeep] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Gastrointestinal Sci, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [Qureshi, Shahida; Shakoor, Sadia] Aga Khan Univ, Naushahro Feroze, Pakistan.
   [Bhutta, Zulfigar A.] Aga Khan Univ, Dept Pediat, Naushahro Feroze, Pakistan.
   [Haque, Rashidul; Ahmed, Tahmeed] ICDDR B, Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
   [Mduma, Estomih R.] Haydom Lutheran Hosp, Moshi, Tanzania.
   [Svensen, Erling] Haukeland Hosp, Haydom, Tanzania.
   [Kosek, Margaret; Yori, Pablo P.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA.
   [Jasmin, Shrestha] Walter Reed AFRIMS Res Unit Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal.
   [Mason, Carl J.] Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Kathmandu, Nepal.
   [Lang, Dennis; Gottlieb, Michael] NIH, Baltimore, MD USA.
RP Lima, AAM (reprint author), Univ Fed Ceara, Clin Res Unit, R Cel Nunes de Melo 1315, BR-60430270 Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil.; Lima, AAM (reprint author), Univ Fed Ceara, Inst Biomed, R Cel Nunes de Melo 1315, BR-60430270 Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil.
EM alima@ufc.br
RI Lima, Aldo/D-8251-2018
OI Lima, Aldo/0000-0002-0299-1747; Havt, Alexandre/0000-0002-4546-2976;
   MASON, CARL/0000-0002-3676-2811; Bessong, Pascal/0000-0003-0561-272X
FU Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation; Foundation for the NIH; National
   Institutes of Health/Fogarty International Center
FX The Etiology, Risk Factors, and Interactions of Enteric Infections and
   Malnutrition and the Consequences for Child Health and Development
   Project (MAL-ED) is carried out as a collaborative project supported by
   the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the Foundation for the NIH, and the
   National Institutes of Health/Fogarty International Center. The authors
   thank the staff and participants of the MAL-ED Network for their
   important contributions.
CR Acosta AM, 2014, CLIN INFECT DIS, V59, pS193, DOI 10.1093/cid/ciu653
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   Akter S, 2013, EPIDEMIOL INFECT, V141, P2516, DOI 10.1017/S0950268813000320
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   Blanton LV, 2016, SCIENCE, V351, DOI 10.1126/science.aad3311
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NR 34
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 6
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA
SN 0277-2116
EI 1536-4801
J9 J PEDIATR GASTR NUTR
JI J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr.
PD FEB
PY 2018
VL 66
IS 2
BP 325
EP 333
DI 10.1097/MPG.0000000000001717
PG 9
WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics
SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics
GA FU7QH
UT WOS:000424047200035
PM 29356769
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Bhagyashree, SR
   Nagaraj, K
   Prince, M
   Fall, CHD
   Krishna, M
AF Bhagyashree, S. R.
   Nagaraj, Kiran
   Prince, Martin
   Fall, Caroline H. D.
   Krishna, Murali
TI Diagnosis of Dementia by Machine learning methods in Epidemiological
   studies: a pilot exploratory study from south India
SO SOCIAL PSYCHIATRY AND PSYCHIATRIC EPIDEMIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Dementia; Machine learning; Diagnosis; Low- and middle-income countries
ID ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; CERAD; VALIDATION; BATTERY
AB There are limited data on the use of artificial intelligence methods for the diagnosis of dementia in epidemiological studies in low- and middle-income country (LMIC) settings. A culture and education fair battery of cognitive tests was developed and validated for population based studies in low- and middle-income countries including India by the 10/66 Dementia Research Group.
   We explored the machine learning methods based on the 10/66 battery of cognitive tests for the diagnosis of dementia based in a birth cohort study in South India.
   The data sets for 466 men and women for this study were obtained from the on-going Mysore Studies of Natal effect of Health and Ageing (MYNAH), in south India. The data sets included: demographics, performance on the 10/66 cognitive function tests, the 10/66 diagnosis of mental disorders and population based normative data for the 10/66 battery of cognitive function tests. Diagnosis of dementia from the rule based approach was compared against the 10/66 diagnosis of dementia. We have applied machine learning techniques to identify minimal number of the 10/66 cognitive function tests required for diagnosing dementia and derived an algorithm to improve the accuracy of dementia diagnosis.
   Of 466 subjects, 27 had 10/66 diagnosis of dementia, 19 of whom were correctly identified as having dementia by Jrip classification with 100% accuracy.
   This pilot exploratory study indicates that machine learning methods can help identify community dwelling older adults with 10/66 criterion diagnosis of dementia with good accuracy in a LMIC setting such as India. This should reduce the duration of the diagnostic assessment and make the process easier and quicker for clinicians, patients and will be useful for 'case' ascertainment in population based epidemiological studies.
C1 [Bhagyashree, S. R.] ATME Coll Engn, E&C Dept, Mysore, Karnataka, India.
   [Nagaraj, Kiran; Krishna, Murali] CSI Holdsworth Mem Hosp, POB 28, Mysore, Karnataka, India.
   [Prince, Martin] Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, Dept Epidemiol Psychiat, London, England.
   [Fall, Caroline H. D.] Univ Southampton, MRC Lifecourse Epidemiol Unit, Int Paediat Endocrinol, Southampton, Hants, England.
RP Bhagyashree, SR (reprint author), ATME Coll Engn, E&C Dept, Mysore, Karnataka, India.
EM srbhagyashree@yahoo.co.in; mcrcmysore@hotmail.com; muralidoc@gmail.com
RI Prince, Martin/A-9170-2010
OI Prince, Martin/0000-0003-1379-7146; S R, Bhagyashree/0000-0001-7679-9726
FU Wellcome DBT India Alliance
FX This study was partly funded by the Wellcome DBT India Alliance as an
   Early Career Research Fellowship to Dr Murali Krishna. The grant
   providers did not influence the design, conduct of the study and
   interpretation of the findings. Our sincere thanks to the participants
   and their families for taking part in this study. We thank Saroja A,
   Santhosh Nagaraj, Ramya R and Bhavya Hegde, CSI Holdsworth Memorial
   Hospital for assistance with recruitment and assessments this study. We
   thank management, ATME College of Engineering, Mysore for the support.
   We thank MS Patsy Coakley, MRC Life course Epidemiology Unit for their
   support with data management.
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NR 28
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 4
U2 7
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 0933-7954
EI 1433-9285
J9 SOC PSYCH PSYCH EPID
JI Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatr. Epidemiol.
PD JAN
PY 2018
VL 53
IS 1
BP 77
EP 86
DI 10.1007/s00127-017-1410-0
PG 10
WC Psychiatry
SC Psychiatry
GA FU4PF
UT WOS:000423834300009
PM 28698926
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Fahim, SM
   Das, S
   Sanin, KI
   Gazi, MA
   Mahfuz, M
   Islam, MM
   Ahmed, T
AF Fahim, Shah Mohammad
   Das, Subhasish
   Sanin, Kazi Istiaque
   Gazi, Md. Amran
   Mahfuz, Mustafa
   Islam, M. Munirul
   Ahmed, Tahmeed
TI Association of Fecal Markers of Environmental Enteric Dysfunction with
   Zinc and Iron Status among Children at First Two Years of Life in
   Bangladesh
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE
LA English
DT Article
ID MAL-ED COHORT; INTESTINAL PERMEABILITY; MALAWIAN CHILDREN; ENTEROPATHY;
   DEFICIENCY; GROWTH; ALPHA-1-ANTITRYPSIN; INFLAMMATION; INFANTS;
   MICRONUTRIENT
AB Environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) causes gut inflammation and increased intestinal permeability leading to deficiencies in micronutrients such as zinc and iron. Fecal markers such as myeloperoxidase (MPO), neopterin (NEO), and alpha-1-anti-trypsin (AAT) can predict EED. The aim of this study was to examine the association between fecal markers of EED with zinc and iron status among children at first 2 years of life. Malnutrition and Enteric Disease Study Bangladeshi birth cohort data were used to conduct this analysis. Multivariable analyses using generalized estimating equations were performed to test the association between individual fecal markers with zinc or iron status of the children. A total of 265 children were enrolled in the study (male: female = 1: 1). Of the 627 stool samples collected (N = 222 children), 535, 511, and 577 were accompanied by zinc, ferritin, and soluble transferrin receptor values, respectively. Median (interquartile range [IQR]) values of AAT, MPO, and NEO were 0.33 (0.18-0.62) mg/g, 3,895.42 (1,563.76-8,432.82) ng/mL, and 890.81 (331.57-2,089.04) nmol/L, respectively. Overall, 60%, 71%, and 97% of samples were above the values considered normal in nontropical settings for AAT, MPO, and NEO, respectively. High AAT levels were significantly associated with low ferritin values after adjusting for age and gender (coefficient = -5.85; 95% confidence interval = -11.23 to -0.47; P value = 0.03). No such association was found between AAT and plasma zinc status. Myeloperoxidase and NEO were not associated with plasma zinc or iron status. The study results imply the importance of enteric protein loss in contributing to reduced ferritin levels at first 2 years of life.
C1 [Fahim, Shah Mohammad; Das, Subhasish; Sanin, Kazi Istiaque; Gazi, Md. Amran; Mahfuz, Mustafa; Islam, M. Munirul; Ahmed, Tahmeed] Icddr B, Nutr & Clin Serv Div, 68 Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Ave, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh.
RP Mahfuz, M (reprint author), Icddr B, Nutr & Clin Serv Div, 68 Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Ave, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh.
EM mustafa@icddrb.org
FU University of Virginia (UVA); Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation; MAL-ED
   Network Investigators in the Foundation of National Institutes of Health
   (FNIH), Fogarty International Centre(FIC)
FX This research protocol is funded by the University of Virginia (UVA)
   with support from MAL-ED Network Investigators in the Foundation of
   National Institutes of Health (FNIH), Fogarty International Centre(FIC),
   with overall support from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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NR 45
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE
PI MCLEAN
PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA
SN 0002-9637
EI 1476-1645
J9 AM J TROP MED HYG
JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg.
PY 2018
VL 99
IS 2
BP 489
EP 494
DI 10.4269/ajtmh.17-0985
PG 6
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine
GA GS5FM
UT WOS:000443682600047
PM 29893201
OA Other Gold
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Koshy, B
   Thomas, THM
   Samuel, P
   Sarkar, R
   Kendall, S
   Kang, G
AF Koshy, Beena
   Thomas, Hannah Mary T.
   Samuel, Prasanna
   Sarkar, Rajiv
   Kendall, Scott
   Kang, Gagandeep
TI Seguin Form Board as an intelligence tool for young children in an
   Indian urban slum
SO FAMILY MEDICINE AND COMMUNITY HEALTH
LA English
DT Article
DE Intelligence tests; Seguin Form Board Test; Malin's Intelligence Scale
   for Indian Children; Vineland Social Maturity Scale
ID ADAPTIVE-BEHAVIOR SCALES; SOCIAL MATURITY SCALE; AGED 6 MONTHS;
   SOUTH-INDIA; BIRTH COHORT; ROTAVIRUS; COMMUNITY; EPIDEMIOLOGY;
   COUNTRIES; COGNITION
AB Objective: The present study evaluates the concurrent and predictive validity of the Seguin Form Board Test (SFBT) as an intelligence tool for children in low- and middle-income countries.
   Methods: In a cohort of normal children, followed up in South India, two cross-sectional analyses were done at 3 and 7 years of age on 95 children. The SFBT and Vineland Social Maturity Scale (VSMS) were done at 3 years of age and Malin's Intelligence Scale for Indian Children (MISIC) and the VSMS were done at 7 years of age, and the results were compared for concurrent and predictive validity for the SFBT.
   Results: Intelligence quotient and social quotient had positive correlations at 3 years of age, indicating fair concurrent validity. The SFBT done at around 3 years of age had good positive correlation with MISIC at 7 years of age, indicating good predictive validity.
   Conclusion: This study shows the utility of the SFBT as a community-based intelligence tool with acceptable concurrent and predictive validity.
C1 [Koshy, Beena; Thomas, Hannah Mary T.] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dev Paediat, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [Samuel, Prasanna] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Biostat, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [Sarkar, Rajiv; Kendall, Scott; Kang, Gagandeep] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Gastrointestinal Sci, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [Kendall, Scott] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA.
RP Koshy, B (reprint author), Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dev Paediat, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India.
EM beenakurien@cmcvellore.ac.in
FU Wellcome Trust [063144]
FX The cohort study was supported by Wellcome Trust grant no. 063144.
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NR 39
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 1
PU COMPUSCRIPT
PI SHANNON
PA BAY 11A, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL EST, SHANNON, CLARE 00000, IRELAND
SN 2009-8774
J9 FAM MED COMMUNITY HE
JI Fam. Med. Community Health
PD DEC 1
PY 2017
VL 5
IS 4
BP 275
EP 281
DI 10.15212/FMCH.2017.0118
PG 7
WC Primary Health Care
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA GY0RG
UT WOS:000448228700006
OA DOAJ Gold
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Hambidge, KM
   Krebs, NF
   Garces, A
   Westcott, JE
   Figueroa, L
   Goudar, SS
   Dhaded, S
   Pasha, O
   Ali, SA
   Tshefu, A
   Lokangaka, A
   Thorsten, VR
   Das, A
   Stolka, K
   McClure, EM
   Lander, RL
   Bose, CL
   Derman, RJ
   Goldenberg, RL
   Bauserman, M
AF Hambidge, K. Michael
   Krebs, Nancy F.
   Garces, Ana
   Westcott, Jamie E.
   Figueroa, Lester
   Goudar, Shivaprasad S.
   Dhaded, Sangappa
   Pasha, Omrana
   Ali, Sumera Aziz
   Tshefu, Antoinette
   Lokangaka, Adrien
   Thorsten, Vanessa R.
   Das, Abhik
   Stolka, Kristen
   McClure, Elizabeth M.
   Lander, Rebecca L.
   Bose, Carl L.
   Derman, Richard J.
   Goldenberg, Robert L.
   Bauserman, Melissa
TI Anthropometric indices for non-pregnant women of childbearing age differ
   widely among four low-middle income populations
SO BMC PUBLIC HEALTH
LA English
DT Article
DE Height; Weight; Stunting; Underweight; Overweight/obesity; Body mass
   index; Mid-upper arm circumference; Waist-hip ratio; Non-pregnant women;
   Low middle income countries; Rural; Multi-site; Democratic Republic of
   the Congo; Guatemala; India; Pakistan
ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; BODY-MASS INDEX; COHORT PROFILE; CHILD
   UNDERNUTRITION; MATERNAL HEIGHT; LINEAR GROWTH; BIRTH COHORT; CESAREAN
   DELIVERY; NEWBORN HEALTH; ADULT HEALTH
AB Background: Maternal stature and body mass indices (BMI) of non-pregnant women (NPW) of child bearing age are relevant to maternal and offspring health. The objective was to compare anthropometric indices of NPW in four rural communities in low-to low-middle income countries (LMIC).
   Methods: Anthropometry and maternal characteristics/household wealth questionnaires were obtained for NPW enrolled in the Women First Preconception Maternal Nutrition Trial. Body mass index (BMI, kg/m(2)) was calculated. Z-scores were determined using WHO reference data.
   Results: A total of 7268 NPW participated in Equateur, DRC (n = 1741); Chimaltenango, Guatemala (n = 1695); North Karnataka, India (n = 1823); and Thatta, Sindh, Pakistan (n = 2009). Mean age was 23 y and mean parity 1.5. Median (P25-P75) height (cm) ranged from 145.5 (142.2-148.9) in Guatemala to 156.0 (152.0-160.0) in DRC. Median weight (kg) ranged from 44.7 (39.9-50.3) in India to 52.7 (46.9-59.8) in Guatemala. Median BMI ranged from 19.4 (17.6-21.9) in India to 24.9 (22.3-28.0) in Guatemala. Percent stunted (<-2SD height for age z-score) ranged from 13.9% in DRC to 80.5% in Guatemala; % underweight (BMI < 18.5) ranged from 1.2% in Guatemala to 37.1% in India; % overweight/obese (OW, BMI >= 25.0) ranged from 5.7% in DRC to 49.3% in Guatemala. For all sites, indicators for higher SES and higher age were associated with BMI. Lower SES women were underweight more frequently and higher SES women were OW more frequently at all sites. Younger women tended to be underweight, while older women tended to be OW.
   Conclusions: Anthropometric data for NPW varied widely among low-income rural populations in four countries located on three different continents. Global comparisons of anthropometric measurements across sites using standard reference data serve to highlight major differences among populations of low-income rural NPW and assist in evaluating the rationale for and the design of optimal intervention trials.
C1 [Hambidge, K. Michael; Krebs, Nancy F.; Westcott, Jamie E.; Lander, Rebecca L.] Univ Colorado, Aurora, CO USA.
   [Garces, Ana; Figueroa, Lester] INCAP, Guatemala City, Guatemala.
   [Goudar, Shivaprasad S.; Dhaded, Sangappa] KLE Univ Jawaharlal Nehru Med Coll, Belagavi, Karnataka, India.
   [Pasha, Omrana; Ali, Sumera Aziz] Aga Khan Univ, Karachi, Pakistan.
   [Tshefu, Antoinette; Lokangaka, Adrien] Kinshasa Sch Publ Hlth, Kinshasa, DEM REP CONGO.
   [Thorsten, Vanessa R.; Das, Abhik; Stolka, Kristen; McClure, Elizabeth M.] RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA.
   [Bose, Carl L.; Bauserman, Melissa] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA.
   [Derman, Richard J.] Thomas Jefferson Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA.
   [Goldenberg, Robert L.] Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA.
RP Hambidge, KM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Aurora, CO USA.
EM Michael.Hambidge@ucdenver.edu
FU Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation [OPP1055867]; NIH Eunice Kennedy Shriver
   NICHD ODS award [HD076474]
FX This work was funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation OPP1055867
   and the NIH Eunice Kennedy Shriver NICHD & ODS award HD076474.
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NR 62
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 4
PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD
PI LONDON
PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND
SN 1471-2458
J9 BMC PUBLIC HEALTH
JI BMC Public Health
PD JUL 24
PY 2017
VL 18
AR 45
DI 10.1186/s12889-017-4509-z
PG 12
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA FB8VS
UT WOS:000406418200001
PM 28738791
OA DOAJ Gold, Green Published
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Veena, SR
   Krishnaveni, GV
   Srinivasan, K
   Thajna, KP
   Hegde, BG
   Gale, CR
   Fall, CHD
AF Veena, Sargoor R.
   Krishnaveni, Ghattu V.
   Srinivasan, Krishnamachari
   Thajna, Kotrangada P.
   Hegde, Bhavya G.
   Gale, Catharine R.
   Fall, Caroline H. D.
TI Association between maternal vitamin D status during pregnancy and
   offspring cognitive function during childhood and adolescence
SO ASIA PACIFIC JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
LA English
DT Article
DE maternal vitamin D; pregnancy; cognitive function; children; India
ID D DEFICIENCY; 25-HYDROXYVITAMIN D-3; D INSUFFICIENCY; NORTHERN INDIA;
   UNITED-STATES; WOMEN; SERUM; CHILDREN; BIRTH; OUTCOMES
AB Background and Objectives: Animal studies have demonstrated poor cognitive outcomes in offspring in relation to maternal vitamin D deficiency before and/or during pregnancy. Human studies linking maternal vitamin D status during pregnancy with offspring cognitive function are limited. We aimed to test the hypothesis that lower maternal vitamin D status during pregnancy is associated with poor offspring cognitive ability in an Indian population. Methods and Study Design: Cognitive function was assessed in children from the Mysore Parthenon birth cohort during childhood (age 9-10 years; n=-468) and adolescence (age 13-14 years; n=472) using 3 core tests from the Kaufman Assessment Battery for children and additional tests measuring learning, long-term retrieval/storage, short-term memory, reasoning, verbal fluency, visuo-spatial ability, and attention and concentration. Maternal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration was measured at 30 +/- 2 weeks of gestation. Results: During pregnancy 320 (68%) women had 'vitamin D deficiency' (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration <50 nmol/L). Girls scored better than boys in tests of short-term memory, reasoning, verbal fluency, and attention (p<0.05 for all). Maternal vitamin D status (low as well as across the entire range) was unrelated to offspring cognitive function at both ages, either unadjusted or after adjustment for the child's current age, sex, maternal age, parity, season at the time of blood sampling, gestational age, the child's birth and current size, socio-economic status, parents' education, maternal intelligence and home environment. Conclusions: In this population, despite a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy, there was no evidence of an association between maternal vitamin D status and offspring cognitive function.
C1 [Veena, Sargoor R.; Krishnaveni, Ghattu V.; Thajna, Kotrangada P.; Hegde, Bhavya G.] CSI Holdsworth Mem Hosp, Epidemiol Res Unit, POB 38, Mysore 570021, Karnataka, India.
   [Srinivasan, Krishnamachari] St Johns Natl Acad Hlth Sci, St Johns Res Inst, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
   [Gale, Catharine R.; Fall, Caroline H. D.] Southampton Gen Hosp, MRC Lifecourse Epidemiol Unit, Southampton, Hants, England.
   [Gale, Catharine R.] Univ Edinburgh, Dept Psychol, Ctr Cognit Ageing & Cognit Epidemiol, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland.
RP Veena, SR (reprint author), CSI Holdsworth Mem Hosp, Epidemiol Res Unit, POB 38, Mysore 570021, Karnataka, India.
EM veenasr@gmail.com
OI Krishnaveni, Ghattu V/0000-0002-6532-8272
FU Sneha-India; Medical Research Council [MC_UP_A620_1016, MC_UU_12011/3,
   U1475000003]
FX We are grateful to the families who participated in the study and to the
   Hospital Medical Director and staff of Obstetrics and Gynecology
   department for their support. We acknowledge the substantial
   contribution made to the study by research unit staff and Sneha-India
   for its support.
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NR 43
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 2
PU H E C PRESS, HEALTHY EATING CLUB PTY LTD
PI MCKINNON
PA PO BOX 4121, MCKINNON, VIC 3204, AUSTRALIA
SN 0964-7058
EI 1440-6047
J9 ASIA PAC J CLIN NUTR
JI Asia Pac. J. Clin. Nutr.
PY 2017
VL 26
IS 3
BP 438
EP 449
DI 10.6133/apjcn.032016.07
PG 12
WC Nutrition & Dietetics
SC Nutrition & Dietetics
GA ET2SR
UT WOS:000400124900010
PM 28429909
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Neogil, SB
   Sharma, J
   Chauhan, M
   Khanna, R
   Chokshi, M
   Srivastava, R
   Prabhakar, PK
   Khera, A
   Kumar, R
   Zodpey, S
   Paul, VK
AF Neogil, S. B.
   Sharma, J.
   Chauhan, M.
   Khanna, R.
   Chokshi, M.
   Srivastava, R.
   Prabhakar, P. K.
   Khera, A.
   Kumar, R.
   Zodpey, S.
   Paul, V. K.
TI Care of newborn in the community and at home
SO JOURNAL OF PERINATOLOGY
LA English
DT Review
ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; NEONATAL-MORTALITY; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES;
   WOMENS GROUPS; INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT; CHILDHOOD ILLNESS;
   BEHAVIOR-CHANGE; UTTAR-PRADESH; HEALTH; INDIA
AB India has contributed immensely toward generating evidence on two key domains of newborn care: Home Based Newborn Care (HBNC) and community mobilization. In a model developed in Gadchiroli (Maharashtra) in the 1990s, a package of Interventions delivered by community health workers during home visits led to a marked decline in neonatal deaths. On the basis of this experience, the national HBNC program centered around Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs) was introduced in 2011, and is now the main community level program in newborn health. Earlier in 2004, the Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illnesses (IMNCI) program was rolled out with inclusion of home visits by Anganwadi Worker as an integral component. IMNCI has been implemented in 505 districts in 27 states and 4 union territories. A mix of Anganwadi Workers, ASHAs, auxiliary nursing midwives (ANMs) was trained. The rapid roll out of IMNCI program resulted in improving quality of newborn care at the ground field. However; since 2012 the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare decided to limit the IMNCI program to ANMs only and leaving the Anganwadi component to the stewardship of the Integrated Child Development Services. ASHAs, the frontline workers for HBNC, receive four rounds of training using two modules. There are a total of over 900-000 ASHAs per link workers in the country, out of which, only 14% have completed the fourth round of training. The pace of uptake of the HBNC program has been slow. Of the annual rural birth cohort of over 17 million, about 4 million newborns have been visited by ASHA during the financial year 2013-2014 and out of this 120 000 neonates have been identified as sick and referred to health facilities for higher level of neonatal care. Supportive supervision remains a challenge, the role of ANMs in supervision needs more clarity and there are issues surrounding quality of training and the supply of HBNC kits. The program has low visibility in many states. Now is the time to tap the missed opportunity of miniscule coverage of HBNC; that at least half of the country's birth cohort should be covered by this program by 2016, coupled with rapid scale up of the community-based treatment of neonates with pneumonia or sepsis, where referral is not possible.
C1 [Neogil, S. B.; Sharma, J.; Chauhan, M.; Chokshi, M.; Zodpey, S.] Publ Hlth Fdn India, Indian Inst Publ Hlth Delhi, New Delhi, India.
   [Khanna, R.] Save Children, Saving Newborn Lives, Gurgaon, Haryana, India.
   [Srivastava, R.; Prabhakar, P. K.; Khera, A.; Kumar, R.] Govt India, Minist Hlth & Family Welf, New Delhi 110011, India.
   [Paul, V. K.] All India Inst Med Sci, Dept Pediat, New Delhi, India.
RP Kumar, R (reprint author), Govt India, Minist Hlth & Family Welf, New Delhi 110011, India.
EM rk1992uk@gmail.com; rk1992uk@gmail.com
FU Save the Children's Saving Newborn Lives program
FX Support for this publication was provided by Save the Children's Saving
   Newborn Lives program.
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NR 44
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 8
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI NEW YORK
PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA
SN 0743-8346
EI 1476-5543
J9 J PERINATOL
JI J. Perinatol.
PD DEC
PY 2016
VL 36
SU 3
BP S13
EP S17
DI 10.1038/jp.2016.185
PG 5
WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics
SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics
GA EE6PX
UT WOS:000389735800004
PM 27924109
OA Green Published, Other Gold
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Babu, GR
   Murthy, GVS
   Deepa, R
   Yamuna
   Prafulla
   Kumar, HK
   Karthik, M
   Deshpande, K
   Neelon, SEB
   Prabhakaran, D
   Kurpad, A
   Kinra, S
AF Babu, Giridhara R.
   Murthy, G. V. S.
   Deepa, R.
   Yamuna
   Prafulla
   Kumar, H. Kiran
   Karthik, Maithili
   Deshpande, Keerti
   Neelon, Sara E. Benjamin
   Prabhakaran, D.
   Kurpad, Anura
   Kinra, Sanjay
TI Maternal antecedents of adiposity and studying the transgenerational
   role of hyperglycemia and insulin (MAASTHI): a prospective cohort study
SO BMC PREGNANCY AND CHILDBIRTH
LA English
DT Article
DE Gestational diabetes; Hyperglycemia; Obesity; Birth cohort; Protocol;
   Lifecourse epidemiology
ID GESTATIONAL DIABETES-MELLITUS; FUEL-MEDIATED TERATOGENESIS;
   GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; BIRTH-WEIGHT; INTERGENERATIONAL TRANSMISSION;
   SOUTH-INDIA; PREGNANCY; OBESITY; ENVIRONMENT; MOTHERS
AB Background: India is experiencing an epidemic of obesity-hyperglycaemia, which coincides with child bearing age for women. The epidemic can be sustained and augmented through transgenerational transmission of adiposity and glucose intolerance in women. This presents an opportunity for exploring a clear strategy for the control of this epidemic in India. We conducted a study between November 2013 and May 2015 to inform the design of a large pregnancy cohort study. Based on the findings of this pilot, we developed the protocol for the proposed birth cohort of 5000 women, the recruitment for which will start in April 2016. The protocol of the study documents the processes which aim at advancing the available knowledge, linking several steps in the evolution of obesity led hyperglycemia.
   Methods: Maternal Antecedents of Adiposity and Studying the Transgenerational role of Hyperglycemia and Insulin (MAASTHI) is a cohort study in the public health facilities in Bangalore, India. The objective of MAASTHI is to prospectively assess the effects of glucose levels in pregnancy on the risk of adverse infant outcomes, especially in predicting the possible risk markers of later chronic diseases. The primary objective of the proposed study is to investigate the effect of glucose levels in pregnancy on skinfold thickness (adiposity) in infancy as a marker of future obesity and diabetes in offspring. The secondary objective is to assess the association between psychosocial environment of mothers and adverse neonatal outcomes including adiposity. The study aims to recruit 5000 pregnant women and follow them and their offspring for a period of 4 years. The institutional review board at The Indian Institute of Public Health (IIPH)-H, Bangalore, Public Health Foundation of India has approved the protocol. All participants are required to provide written informed consent.
   Discussion: The findings from this study may help to address important questions on screening and management of high blood sugar in pregnancy. It may provide critical information on the specific determinants driving the underweight-obesity-T2DM epidemic in India. The study can inform the policy regarding the potential impact of screening and management protocols in public healthcare facilities. The public health implications include prioritising issues of maternal glycemic control and weight management and better understanding of the lifecourse determinants in the development of T2DM.
C1 [Babu, Giridhara R.] Leprosy Hosp, Publ Hlth, 1st Cross,Magadi Rd, Bangalore 560023, Karnataka, India.
   [Babu, Giridhara R.] Leprosy Hosp, PHFI, IIPH H, SIHFW Premises, Bangalore Campus,1st Cross,Magadi Rd, Bangalore 560023, Karnataka, India.
   [Murthy, G. V. S.] Indian Inst Publ Hlth Hyderabad, Amar Coop Soc, Plot 1,Kavuri Hills, Hyderabad 500033, Andhra Pradesh, India.
   [Murthy, G. V. S.] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, ICEH, 3rd Floor,South Courtyard,Keppel St, London WC1E 7HT, England.
   [Deepa, R.; Yamuna; Prafulla; Kumar, H. Kiran; Karthik, Maithili; Deshpande, Keerti] Leprosy Hosp, SIHFW Premises, IIPH H, Res Team MAASTHI,Publ Hlth Fdn India, Bangalore Campus,1st Cross,Magadi Rd, Bangalore 560023, Karnataka, India.
   [Neelon, Sara E. Benjamin] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, 624 N Broadway,Hampton House 755, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA.
   [Neelon, Sara E. Benjamin] Univ Cambridge, MRC Epidemiol, Ctr Diet & Act Res, Cambridge, England.
   [Prabhakaran, D.] Publ Hlth Fdn India PHFI, Ctr Control Chron Condit, CCCC, New Delhi, India.
   [Prabhakaran, D.] Ctr Chron Dis Control CCDC, New Delhi, India.
   [Prabhakaran, D.] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Epidemiol, London WC1E 7HT, England.
   [Prabhakaran, D.] Emory Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, 1518 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.
   [Kurpad, Anura] St Johns Res Inst, Nutr Div, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
   [Kurpad, Anura] Nutr Soc India, Natl Inst Nutr Campus, Hyderabad 500007, Andhra Pradesh, India.
   [Kurpad, Anura] St Johns Res Inst, IAEA Collaborating Ctr Stable Isotope Technol Nut, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
   [Kurpad, Anura] ICMR, Expert Comm Obes, Int Nutr Fdn Prot Advisory Grp & Chair, New Delhi, India.
   [Kinra, Sanjay] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Clin Epidemiol, London, England.
   [Kinra, Sanjay] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Paediat Obes, London, England.
   [Kinra, Sanjay] Univ Coll London Hosp, London, England.
RP Babu, GR (reprint author), Leprosy Hosp, Publ Hlth, 1st Cross,Magadi Rd, Bangalore 560023, Karnataka, India.; Babu, GR (reprint author), Leprosy Hosp, PHFI, IIPH H, SIHFW Premises, Bangalore Campus,1st Cross,Magadi Rd, Bangalore 560023, Karnataka, India.
EM giridhar@iiphh.org
OI Babu, Giridhara R/0000-0003-4370-8933
FU Wellcome Trust DBT India Alliance
FX The MAASTHI cohort is funded by an Intermediate Fellowship by the
   Wellcome Trust DBT India Alliance (Clinical and Public Health Research
   Fellowships).
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NR 51
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 2
U2 3
PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD
PI LONDON
PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND
SN 1471-2393
J9 BMC PREGNANCY CHILDB
JI BMC Pregnancy Childbirth
PD OCT 14
PY 2016
VL 16
AR 311
DI 10.1186/s12884-016-1088-4
PG 9
WC Obstetrics & Gynecology
SC Obstetrics & Gynecology
GA DZ5CF
UT WOS:000385878800001
PM 27741952
OA DOAJ Gold, Green Published
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Sharma, A
   Kaplan, WA
   Chokshi, M
   Zodpey, SP
AF Sharma, Abhishek
   Kaplan, Warren A.
   Chokshi, Maulik
   Zodpey, Sanjay P.
TI Role of the private sector in vaccination service delivery in India:
   evidence from private-sector vaccine sales data, 2009-12
SO HEALTH POLICY AND PLANNING
LA English
DT Article
DE Child health; India; health systems; private sector; vaccination
ID CHILDHOOD IMMUNIZATION; HEALTH; COUNTRIES; PROGRESS; POLICY; CARE
AB Background India's Universal Immunization Programme (UIP) provides basic vaccines free-of-cost in the public sector, yet national vaccination coverage is poor. The Government of India has urged an expanded role for the private sector to help achieve universal immunization coverage. We conducted a state-by-state analysis of the role of the private sector in vaccinating Indian children against each of the six primary childhood diseases covered under India's UIP.
   Methods We analyzed IMS Health data on Indian private-sector vaccine sales, 2011 Indian Census data and national household surveys (DHS/NFHS 2005-06 and UNICEF CES 2009) to estimate the percentage of vaccinated children among the 2009-12 birth cohort who received a given vaccine in the private sector in 16 Indian states. We also analyzed the estimated private-sector vaccine shares as function of state-specific socio-economic status.
   Results Overall in 16 states, the private sector contributed 4.7% towards tuberculosis (Bacillus Calmette-Gu,rin (BCG)), 3.5% towards measles, 2.3% towards diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus (DPT3) and 7.6% towards polio (OPV3) overall (both public and private sectors) vaccination coverage. Certain low income states (Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, Assam and Bihar) have low private as well as public sector vaccination coverage. The private sector's role has been limited primarily to the high income states as opposed to these low income states where the majority of Indian children live. Urban areas with good access to the private sector and the ability to pay increases the Indian population's willingness to access private-sector vaccination services.
   Conclusion In India, the public sector offers vaccination services to the majority of the population but the private sector should not be neglected as it could potentially improve overall vaccination coverage. The government could train and incentivize a wider range of private-sector health professionals to help deliver the vaccines, especially in the low income states with the largest birth cohorts. We recommend future studies to identify strengths and limitations of the public and private health sectors in each Indian state.
C1 [Sharma, Abhishek; Kaplan, Warren A.] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Global Hlth, 801 Massachusetts Ave,Crosstown Bldg 3rd Floor, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
   [Sharma, Abhishek; Kaplan, Warren A.] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Global Hlth & Dev, Boston, MA USA.
   [Sharma, Abhishek] Precis Value, Boston, MA USA.
   [Chokshi, Maulik; Zodpey, Sanjay P.] Publ Hlth Fdn India, Indian Inst Publ Hlth, New Delhi, India.
RP Sharma, A (reprint author), Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Global Hlth, 801 Massachusetts Ave,Crosstown Bldg 3rd Floor, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
EM abhi0991@bu.edu
OI Kaplan, Warren/0000-0001-6127-4820
FU IMS Heath through Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation grant [22693]
FX The authors did not have any funding to conduct this study. The vaccine
   sales dataset was procured from IMS Heath through a Bill & Melinda Gates
   Foundation grant (22693).
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   Singh Padam, 2001, Indian Journal of Pediatrics, V68, P495, DOI 10.1007/BF02723237
   Singh PK, 2013, PLOS ONE, V8, DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0073102
   Vashishtha VM, 2013, INDIAN PEDIATR, V50, P111, DOI 10.1007/s13312-013-0025-0
   Vikram K, 2012, SOC SCI MED, V75, P331, DOI 10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.02.043
   Western Cape Government, 2012, AGR HLTH DEP CLICKS
   Yang WF, 2014, VACCINE, V32, P6643, DOI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.09.057
   Yoong J., 2007, DOES DECENTRALIZATIO
NR 56
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 2
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 0268-1080
EI 1460-2237
J9 HEALTH POLICY PLANN
JI Health Policy Plan.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 31
IS 7
BP 884
EP 896
DI 10.1093/heapol/czw008
PG 13
WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services
SC Health Care Sciences & Services
GA DW8JS
UT WOS:000383901900009
PM 26976803
OA Bronze
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Teotia, N
   Upadhyay, A
   Agarwal, S
   Garg, A
   Shah, D
AF Teotia, Neeraj
   Upadhyay, Amit
   Agarwal, Sunny
   Garg, Amit
   Shah, Dheeraj
TI Rotavirus diarrhea in children presenting to an urban hospital in
   Western Uttar Pradesh, India
SO INDIAN PEDIATRICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Acute diarrhea; Epidemiology; Etiology
ID BIRTH COHORT; EPIDEMIOLOGY; DISEASE; MORTALITY; BURDEN
AB To determine the proportion and clinical profile of rotavirus-associated diarrhea in children aged 6 months to 5 years.
   Clinical details and stool samples were collected from 254 children aged between 6 months to 5 years presenting with acute diarrhea, irrespective of hydration status, to the outpatient department or emergency room of a hospital in Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India.
   Rotavirus accounted for 26.3% (51 of 194) of diarrhea cases overall, and 41.2% (14 of 34) in hospitalized children. Rotavirus infection was associated with significantly longer duration [3.3 (1.4) d vs. 2.5 (1.1) d; P=0.004) of diarrhea, and more chances of dehydration (OR 1.85; 95% CI 1.19, 3.57) as compared to non-rotavirus diarrhea.
   Rotavirus is a common cause of acute diarrhea in under-five children, and is associated with a longer duration and more chances of dehydration than non-rotavirus diarrhea.
C1 [Teotia, Neeraj; Upadhyay, Amit; Agarwal, Sunny] LLRM Med Coll, Dept Pediat, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India.
   [Garg, Amit] LLRM Med Coll, Dept Microbiol, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India.
   [Shah, Dheeraj] Univ Coll Med Sci, Dept Pediat, New Delhi, India.
   [Shah, Dheeraj] GTB Hosp, New Delhi, India.
RP Teotia, N (reprint author), LLRM Med Coll, Dept Pediat, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India.
EM neerajteotia@gmail.com
CR Aggarwal S, 2014, INDIAN J MED RES, V139, P379
   Arora NK, 2009, GHAI ESSENTIAL PEDIA, P251
   Bahl R, 2005, J INFECT DIS, V192, pS114, DOI 10.1086/431497
   Banerjee I, 2006, J CLIN MICROBIOL, V44, P2468, DOI 10.1128/JCM.01882-05
   Gladstone BP, 2011, NEW ENGL J MED, V365, P337, DOI 10.1056/NEJMoa1006261
   Kahn G, 2012, INDIAN PEDIATR, V49, P467, DOI 10.1007/s13312-012-0076-7
   Kang G, 2009, J INFECT DIS, V200, pS147, DOI 10.1086/605031
   Lozano R, 2012, LANCET, V380, P2095, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61728-0
   Morris SK, 2012, B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN, V90, P720, DOI 10.2471/BLT.12.101873
   Ramani S, 2007, INDIAN J MED RES, V125, P619
   Tate JE, 2009, VACCINE, V27, pF18, DOI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.08.098
NR 11
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 3
PU SPRINGER INDIA
PI NEW DELHI
PA 7TH FLOOR, VIJAYA BUILDING, 17, BARAKHAMBA ROAD, NEW DELHI, 110 001,
   INDIA
SN 0019-6061
EI 0974-7559
J9 INDIAN PEDIATR
JI Indian Pediatrics
PD JUL
PY 2016
VL 53
IS 7
BP 627
EP 629
DI 10.1007/s13312-016-0899-8
PG 3
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA DS3TQ
UT WOS:000380706000013
PM 27508541
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Sharma, P
   Bharath, MMS
   Murthy, P
AF Sharma, Priyamvada
   Bharath, M. M. Srinivas
   Murthy, Pratima
TI Qualitative high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) analysis
   of cannabinoids in urine samples of Cannabis abusers
SO INDIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Cannabinoids; cannabis; deaddiction; drug abuse; thin layer
   chromatography
ID FLUORESCENCE-POLARIZATION IMMUNOASSAY; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY;
   GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MENTAL-DISORDERS;
   11-NOR-DELTA-9-TETRAHYDROCANNABINOL-9-CARBOXYLIC ACID; ELECTROCHEMICAL
   DETECTION; BIRTH COHORT; DRUG-ABUSE; ABSTINENCE
AB Background & objectives: Cannabis is one of the most commonly abused drugs worldwide. There is a distinct clinical correlation between cannabis abuse and mental disorders. However, it is essential to establish cannabis intake in the abusers in order to establish causality between cannabis and psychiatric illness. The limitations of current detection methods using commercial cassettes prompted us to standardize the method of extraction and detection of cannabinoids in the urine samples of cannabis abusers attending a de-addiction centre in south India.
   Methods: In this study, diagnostic tests on 102 male patients suspected with cannabis abuse were done. Liquid-liquid extraction of cannabinoids from urine was done and screened by Duquenois-Levine, fast blue B salt and p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde (p-DMAB) tests. All the results were confirmed by high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC). Samples were considered positive for cannabis based on the positive indication in colour test and by detection of 11-nor-Delta(9) tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid (THC-COOH) on HPTLC.
   Results: Based on the colour tests and HPTLC, cannabis abuse was detected in 64 of 102 patients tested. HPTLC method was found to be sensitive for detection and possible quantitation of THC-COOH.
   Interpretation & conclusion: We report the standardization and utility of cannabinoid extraction, screening and detection by HPTLC in the urine samples of cannabis abusers. The HPTLC method was found to be high throughput, sensitive, reproducible and cost-effective compared to commercial kits.
C1 [Bharath, M. M. Srinivas] Natl Inst Mental Hlth & Neurosci, Dept Neurochem, Bangalore 560029, Karnataka, India.
   [Murthy, Pratima] Natl Inst Mental Hlth & Neurosci, Dept Psychiat, Bangalore 560029, Karnataka, India.
   [Sharma, Priyamvada; Murthy, Pratima] Natl Inst Mental Hlth & Neurosci, Deaddict Unit, Bangalore 560029, Karnataka, India.
RP Bharath, MMS (reprint author), Natl Inst Mental Hlth & Neurosci, Dept Neurochem, PB 2900,Hosur Rd, Bangalore 560029, Karnataka, India.
EM bharath@nimhans.kar.nic.in
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NR 35
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 9
PU MEDKNOW PUBLICATIONS & MEDIA PVT LTD
PI MUMBAI
PA B-9, KANARA BUSINESS CENTRE, OFF LINK RD, GHAKTOPAR-E, MUMBAI, 400075,
   INDIA
SN 0971-5916
J9 INDIAN J MED RES
JI Indian J. Med. Res.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 132
IS 2
BP 201
EP 208
PG 8
WC Immunology; Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine, Research &
   Experimental
SC Immunology; General & Internal Medicine; Research & Experimental
   Medicine
GA 637ZB
UT WOS:000280856600012
PM 20716821
OA DOAJ Gold
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Siddiqui, QA
   Shaikh, SA
   Qureshi, TZ
   Subhan, MM
AF Siddiqui, Qamar A.
   Shaikh, Sikander A.
   Qureshi, Tahir Z.
   Subhan, Mirza M.
TI A comparison of red-green color vision deficiency between medical and
   non-medical students in Pakistan
SO SAUDI MEDICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
ID BRITISH BIRTH COHORT; BLINDNESS; DEFECTS; IMAGES; IMPACT
AB Objectives: To investigate the prevalence of red-green color vision deficiency (CVD) among medical and dental students compared with non-medical students.
   Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study compared the prevalence of CVD between medical and non-medical Pakistani students. A total of 926 medical and dental students from Baqai Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan were compared with 7288 non-medical students from Nadirshaw Edulji Dinshaw University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan, and Pakistan Air Force (PAF) Public Schools (Muree and Sargodha), Pakistan. Standard Ishihara color vision charts were used, which provided an accurate assessment of CVD. More than 3 mistakes from plates 10-17 identified students as having red green CVD. The study was carried out from September 2003 to December 2008.
   Results: The overall prevalence of CVD in the study population was 2.75%. They were no significant differences between male students in engineering college versus medical college (2.7% versus 4.4%, p=0.125), or between schools and universities (3.1% versus 3.1%, p=0.930).
   Conclusion: A small proportion of the Pakistani population suffers from red-green CVD, more prominent in males. We found no differences between students in engineering college versus medical college, or between schools and universities in different geographical locations within Pakistan.
C1 [Siddiqui, Qamar A.; Shaikh, Sikander A.; Subhan, Mirza M.] Baqai Med Univ, Dept Physiol, Karachi, Pakistan.
   [Qureshi, Tahir Z.] Pakistan AF Hosp Mushaf, Dept Pathol, Sargodha, Bahrain.
RP Subhan, MM (reprint author), Arabian Gulf Univ, Dept Physiol, Coll Med & Med Sci, POB 22979, Manama, Bahrain.
RI Subhan, Mirza/E-1885-2014
OI Subhan, Mirza/0000-0002-1545-9995
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NR 23
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 2
PU SAUDI MED J
PI RIYADH
PA ARMED FORCES HOSPITAL, PO BOX 7897,, RIYADH 11159, SAUDI ARABIA
SN 0379-5284
J9 SAUDI MED J
JI Saudi Med. J.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 31
IS 8
BP 895
EP 899
PG 5
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA 673RV
UT WOS:000283681600009
PM 20714688
OA DOAJ Gold
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Brown, N
   Sasidharan, CK
   Fisher, D
AF Brown, Nick
   Sasidharan, Chaniyil Krishnan
   Fisher, David
TI Early growth and markers of cardiovascular risk in Keralan children in
   the Integrated Child Development Scheme
SO PUBLIC HEALTH NUTRITION
LA English
DT Article
DE Integrated Child Development Scheme (ICDS); Kerala; Low birth weight;
   Cardiovascular risk factors
ID IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; PUNE MATERNAL NUTRITION; DELHI BIRTH COHORT;
   BODY-MASS INDEX; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; DISEASE; HEALTH; INDIA; SIZE;
   SUPPLEMENTATION
AB Objective: Low birth weight is associated with increased lifelong morbidity. Kerala has a renowned, low-cost, maternal-child health system in which is couched universal access to the Integrated Child Development Scheme (ICDS), central to which is community-based maternal-infant nutritional supplementation. We assessed whether children in this environment showed enhanced birth weight and postnatal growth and whether the evolution of early markers of CVD was attenuated in comparison to contemporaries from other states.
   Design: A part retrospective, part prospective cohort study in which children (n 286) born in 1998-2000 in Calicut were identified from Anganwadi records. They were traced at 6 years and underwent full anthropometry and blood pressure measurements at 6 and 8 years.
   Results: Mean birth weight (2.86 (sn 0.40) kg) was greater than in Indian contemporaries but consistently < -1SD below the National Center for Health Statistics reference median throughout childhood. Birth weight significantly predicted body mass (BMI) at 8 years. Lower birth weight was strongly predictive of a higher waist:hip ratio (WHR) indicative of adverse central (coelomic) fat distribution (P < 0.01). Faster weight gain in infancy was weakly predictive of a lower WHR (P = 0.59), but faster late childhood growth at 6-8 years was non-significantly predictive of adverse WHR.
   Conclusions: At 8 years of age, children in Calicut participating in the ICDS have greater birth weight and relative attenuation of the evolution of early CVD markers compared with children in apparently comparable states. The relative contributions of the ICDS and other factors inherent to Kerala cannot be inferred from the present study.
C1 [Brown, Nick] Salisbury Dist Hosp, Salisbury SP2 8BJ, Wilts, England.
   [Sasidharan, Chaniyil Krishnan] Baby Mem Hosp, Khozikode, Kerala, India.
   [Fisher, David] MRC, Clin Trials Unit, London, England.
RP Brown, N (reprint author), Salisbury Dist Hosp, Salisbury SP2 8BJ, Wilts, England.
EM n_janbrown@yahoo.co.uk
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NR 26
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 2
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND
SN 1368-9800
J9 PUBLIC HEALTH NUTR
JI Public Health Nutr.
PD JUL
PY 2010
VL 13
IS 7
BP 1042
EP 1048
DI 10.1017/S136898000999156X
PG 7
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics
GA 615JC
UT WOS:000279129900007
PM 19772693
OA Bronze
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Fikree, FF
   Rahbar, MH
   Berendes, HW
AF Fikree, FF
   Rahbar, MH
   Berendes, HW
TI Role of intrauterine growth retardation on physical growth of Pakistani
   squatter children from birth to 2 years of age
SO JOURNAL OF TROPICAL PEDIATRICS
LA English
DT Article
ID FOR-GESTATIONAL-AGE; FOLLOW-UP; WEIGHT
AB A birth cohort of 727 squatter children from Karachi was followed to study growth patterns by measuring anthropometric parameters at specific ages during the first 2 years of life, The mean weight and length of the intrauterine growth retarded and appropriate for gestational age children fell below the 10th percentile of the NCHS standards after 9 months and further deteriorated in the subsequent study period. However, the intrauterine growth retarded children showed slightly higher growth velocities compared to appropriate for gestational age children in the first few months for all four measurements, but subsequently these differences in growth velocities diminished. Our results suggest that nutrition intervention strategies should begin in early pregnancy.
C1 Aga Khan Univ, Dept Community Hlth Sci, Karachi 74800, Pakistan.
   NICHHD, Div Epidemiol Stat & Prevent Res, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA.
RP Fikree, FF (reprint author), Aga Khan Univ, Dept Community Hlth, Stadium Rd,POB 3500, Karachi 74800, Pakistan.
EM chsaku@cyber.net.pk
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NR 23
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 0142-6338
EI 1465-3664
J9 J TROP PEDIATRICS
JI J. Trop. Pediatr.
PD DEC
PY 1999
VL 45
IS 6
BP 338
EP 344
DI 10.1093/tropej/45.6.338
PG 7
WC Pediatrics; Tropical Medicine
SC Pediatrics; Tropical Medicine
GA 270JQ
UT WOS:000084532500005
PM 10667002
OA Bronze
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Fahim, SM
   Das, S
   Gazi, MA
   Mahfuz, M
   Ahmed, T
AF Fahim, Shah Mohammad
   Das, Subhasish
   Gazi, Md. Amran
   Mahfuz, Mustafa
   Ahmed, Tahmeed
TI Association of intestinal pathogens with faecal markers of environmental
   enteric dysfunction among slum-dwelling children in the first 2 years of
   life in Bangladesh
SO TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH
LA English
DT Article
DE Environmental enteric dysfunction; intestinal pathogens; giardiasis;
   trichuriasis; Bangladesh
ID IMMUNE-SYSTEM ACTIVATION; ED BIRTH COHORT; PARASITIC INFECTIONS;
   NUTRITIONAL-STATUS; RURAL BANGLADESH; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES;
   GIARDIA-LAMBLIA; ENTEROPATHY; GROWTH; INFLAMMATION
AB Objective Environmental Enteric Dysfunction (EED) can be assessed by faecal biomarkers such as Myeloperoxidase (MPO), Neopterin (NEO) and Alpha-1 anti-trypsin (AAT). We aimed to test the association of intestinal pathogens with faecal markers of EED among slum-dwelling children in first 2 years of life. Methods Results The MAL-ED birth cohort data of Bangladesh site were used to conduct this analysis. Multivariable analyses using Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) were performed to test the association between intestinal pathogens and faecal markers of EED. Giardiasis, ascariasis and trichuriasis were the most frequent parasitic infections and Campylobacter spp., Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) and Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) were the common bacterial pathogens observed in stool samples of the children. Overall, 71%, 97% and 58% of stool samples were above values considered normal in non-tropical settings for MPO, NEO and AAT respectively. Giardiasis was found to be significantly associated with MPO (Coefficient = 0.55; 95% CI = 0.15, 0.95; P-value = 0.008) and AAT concentrations (Coefficient = 0.34; 95% CI = 0.04, 0.63; P-value = 0.03). A significant association was found between trichuriasis and NEO (Coefficient = 0.90; 95% CI = 0.19, 1.61; P-value = 0.01). Trichuriasis (Coefficient = 1.71; 95% CI = 0.32, 3.11; P-value = 0.02) and giardiasis (Coefficient = 1.51; 95% CI = 0.79, 2.23; P-value <0.001) were significantly associated with EED score. Children with EAEC had significantly higher MPO concentrations (Coefficient = 0.33; 95% CI = 0.06, 0.61; P-value = 0.02). Conclusion Objectif The study results imply the importance of intestinal pathogens in contributing to intestinal inflammation and increased intestinal permeability in young children.
C1 [Fahim, Shah Mohammad; Das, Subhasish; Gazi, Md. Amran; Mahfuz, Mustafa; Ahmed, Tahmeed] Icddr B, Nutr & Clin Serv Div, 68 Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Ave, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh.
RP Fahim, SM (reprint author), Icddr B, Nutr & Clin Serv Div, 68 Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Ave, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh.
EM mohammad.fahim@icddrb.org
FU University of Virginia (UVA); Foundation of National Institutes of
   Health (FNIH); Fogarty International Centre (FIC); Bill & Melinda Gates
   Foundation; Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh, Global
   Affairs Canada (GAC), Canada; Swedish International Development
   Cooperation Agency (Sida); Department for International Development,
   (UKAid)
FX The authors thank the staff and participants of the MAL-ED Mirpur birth
   cohort study, the field and laboratory staffs at icddr,b, and the MAL-ED
   network investigators in the Foundation of National Institutes of Health
   (FNIH), and Fogarty International Centre (FIC) for their important
   contributions. icddr,b also gratefully acknowledges the following donors
   which provide unrestricted support: Government of the People's Republic
   of Bangladesh, Global Affairs Canada (GAC), Canada; Swedish
   International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida) and the Department
   for International Development, (UKAid). This research protocol is funded
   by University of Virginia (UVA) with support from MAL-ED Network
   Investigators in the Foundation of National Institutes of Health (FNIH),
   Fogarty International Centre (FIC) with overall support from the Bill &
   Melinda Gates Foundation.
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NR 54
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU WILEY
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1360-2276
EI 1365-3156
J9 TROP MED INT HEALTH
JI Trop. Med. Int. Health
PD NOV
PY 2018
VL 23
IS 11
BP 1242
EP 1250
DI 10.1111/tmi.13141
PG 9
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine
GA GZ7UQ
UT WOS:000449690300009
PM 30133067
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Schnee, AE
   Haque, R
   Taniuchi, M
   Uddin, MJ
   Alam, MM
   Liu, J
   Rogawski, ET
   Kirkpatrick, B
   Houpt, ER
   Petri, WA
   Platts-Mills, JA
AF Schnee, Amanda E.
   Haque, Rashidul
   Taniuchi, Mami
   Uddin, Md. Jashim
   Alam, Md. Masud
   Liu, Jie
   Rogawski, Elizabeth T.
   Kirkpatrick, Beth
   Houpt, Eric R.
   Petri, William A., Jr.
   Platts-Mills, James A.
TI Identification of Etiology-Specific Diarrhea Associated With Linear
   Growth Faltering in Bangladeshi Infants
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE children; diarrhea; growth; qPCR; stunting
ID DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; ENVIRONMENTAL ENTEROPATHY; BIRTH COHORT; CHILDREN;
   CAMPYLOBACTER; INFECTION; BURDEN; SHIGELLA; FAILURE; DISEASE
AB Childhood diarrhea in low-resource settings has been variably linked to linear growth shortfalls. However, the association between etiology-specific diarrhea and growth has not been comprehensively evaluated. We tested diarrheal stools collected from the Performance of Rotavirus and Oral Polio Vaccines in Developing Countries study from 2011 to 2013 in Dhaka, Bangladesh, by quantitative polymerase chain reaction for a broad range of enteropathogens to characterize diarrhea etiology and examine the association between etiology-specific diarrhea and linear growth and systemic inflammation. Pathogen-specific burdens of diarrhea were determined using attributable fractions. Linear regression was used to examine associations of pathogen-specific diarrhea with length-for-age z scores (LAZ) and serum C-reactive protein. There was no relationship between all-cause diarrhea and length at 12 months (change in 12-month LAZ per episode, -0.01, 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.06, 0.03). However, Cryptosporidium (change in 12-month LAZ per attributable episode, -0.23, 95% CI: -0.50, 0.03), Campylobacter jejuni/coli (change of -0.16, 95% CI: -0.32, -0.01), and Shigella/enteroinvasive Escherichia coli diarrhea (change of -0.12, 95% CI: -0.26, 0.03) were associated with linear growth deficits. Diarrhea attributable to C. jejuni/coli and Shigella/enteroinvasive E. coli were associated with elevated C-reactive protein. The association between diarrhea and linear growth appears to be pathogen-specific, reinforcing the need for pathogen-specific interventions.
C1 [Schnee, Amanda E.; Taniuchi, Mami; Uddin, Md. Jashim; Liu, Jie; Rogawski, Elizabeth T.; Houpt, Eric R.; Petri, William A., Jr.; Platts-Mills, James A.] Univ Virginia, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis & Int Hlth, POB 801340, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA.
   [Haque, Rashidul; Alam, Md. Masud] Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
   [Kirkpatrick, Beth] Univ Vermont, Dept Med, Coll Med, Burlington, VT USA.
   [Kirkpatrick, Beth] Univ Vermont, Vaccine Testing Ctr, Coll Med, Burlington, VT USA.
RP Platts-Mills, JA (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis & Int Hlth, POB 801340, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA.
EM jp5t@virginia.edu
FU Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation [OPP1017093]; National Institutes of
   Health [R01 AI043596, T32AI007046]; National Institutes of Health
   career-development award [5K23-AI114888-03]
FX This work was funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (grant
   OPP1017093 to W.A.P) and National Institutes of Health (grant R01
   AI043596 to W.A.P). J.A.P-M. was supported by a National Institutes of
   Health career-development award (grant 5K23-AI114888-03) and A.E.S. by a
   National Institutes of Health training grant (grant T32AI007046).
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NR 30
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
PI CARY
PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA
SN 0002-9262
EI 1476-6256
J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL
JI Am. J. Epidemiol.
PD OCT
PY 2018
VL 187
IS 10
BP 2210
EP 2218
DI 10.1093/aje/kwy106
PG 9
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA GV4QB
UT WOS:000446084200019
PM 29767678
OA Bronze
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Bal, M
   Ranjit, M
   Satapathy, AK
   Khuntia, HK
   Pati, S
AF Bal, Madhusmita
   Ranjit, Manoranjan
   Satapathy, Ashok K.
   Khuntia, Hemant K.
   Pati, Sanghamitra
TI Filarial infection during pregnancy has profound consequences on immune
   response and disease outcome in children: A birth cohort study
SO PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
ID WUCHERERIA-BANCROFTI; CHILDHOOD; MOTHERS; MICROFILAREMIA; IL-10
AB Background
   Current Global Program to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis (GPELF) that prohibits pregnant mothers and children below two years of age from coverage targeted interruption of transmission after 5-6 rounds of annual mass drug administration (MDA). However, after more than 10 rounds of MDA in India the target has not been achieved, which poses challenge to the researchers and policy makers. Several studies have shown that in utero exposure to maternal filarial infections plays certain role in determining the susceptibility and disease outcome in children. But the mechanism of which has not been studied extensively. Therefore the present study was undertaken to understand the mechanism of immune modulation in children born to filarial infected mother in a MDA ongoing area.
   Methodology and principal finding
   To our knowledge this is the first study to conduct both cellular and humoral immunological assays and follow up the children until older age in a W bancrofti endemic area,where the microfilariae (Mf) rate has come down to <1% after 10 rounds of MDA. A total 57 (32: born to infected, 25: born to uninfected mother) children were followed up. The infection status of children was measured by presence of Mf and circulating filarial antigen (CFA) assay. Filaria specific IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 and IgG4 responses were measured by ELISA. Plasma level of IL-10 and IFN-gamma were evaluated by using commercially available ELISA kit. The study reveals a high rate of acquisition of filarial infection among the children born to infected mother compared to uninfected mothers. A significantly high level of IgG1 and IgG4 was observed in children born to infected mother, whereas high level of IgG3 was marked in children born to uninfected mother. Significantly high level of IL-10 positively correlated with IgG4 have been observed in infected children born to infected mother, while high level of IFN-gamma positively correlated with IgG3 was found in infection free children born to mother from infection at the time of pregnancy. Moreover a negative correlation between IL-10 and IFN-gamma has been observed only among the infected children born to infected mother.
   Significance conclusion
   The study shows a causal association between maternal filarial infection and impaired or altered immune response in children more susceptible to filarial infection during early childhood. As lymphatic damage that commences in childhood during asymptomatic stage has major implications from public health point of view, understanding maternal programming of the newborn immune system could provide a basis for interventions promoting child health by implementing MDA campaigns towards all women of childbearing age and young children in achieving the target of global elimination of LF.
C1 [Bal, Madhusmita; Ranjit, Manoranjan; Satapathy, Ashok K.; Khuntia, Hemant K.; Pati, Sanghamitra] ICMR Reg Med Res Ctr, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
RP Bal, M (reprint author), ICMR Reg Med Res Ctr, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
EM balmadhusmita@gmail.com
FU ANMs; ASHAs; AWWs
FX We are indebted to all the participants of cohort of mothers and
   children for their enthusiastic participation. The authors are grateful
   to Director of the Centre and Medical Officers/Officials of the District
   Headquarter Hospital, Khurda for their constant support. We thankfully
   acknowledge the support rendered by ANMs, ASHAs and AWWs of the
   respective villages during the enrolment and follow-up investigation
   without them the study could not have been done. The technical support
   rendered by Mr. Minaketan Barik, Mr. K.C. Parichha, and Mr Niranjan Sahu
   during the field study is thankfully acknowledged.
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NR 26
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 2
PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA
SN 1935-2735
J9 PLOS NEGLECT TROP D
JI Plos Neglect. Trop. Dis.
PD SEP
PY 2018
VL 12
IS 9
AR e0006824
DI 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006824
PG 16
WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine
SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine
GA GV4FY
UT WOS:000446054600054
PM 30252839
OA DOAJ Gold
DA 2018-12-18
ER

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   D'Antono, B
   Kasielski, M
   McDonnell, BJ
   Ebstein, RP
   Sundquist, K
   Pare, G
   Chong, M
   Zeegers, MP
AF Gielen, Marij
   Hageman, Geja J.
   Antoniou, Evangelia E.
   Nordfjall, Katarina
   Mangino, Massimo
   Balasubramanyam, Muthuswamy
   de Meyer, Tim
   Hendricks, Audrey E.
   Giltay, Erik J.
   Hunt, Steven C.
   Nettleton, Jennifer A.
   Salpea, Klelia D.
   Diaz, Vanessa A.
   Farzaneh-Far, Ramin
   Atzmon, Gil
   Harris, Sarah E.
   Hou, Lifang
   Gilley, David
   Hovatta, Iiris
   Kark, Jeremy D.
   Nassar, Hisham
   Kurz, David J.
   Mather, Karen A.
   Willeit, Peter
   Zheng, Yun-Ling
   Pavanello, Sofia
   Demerath, Ellen W.
   Rode, Line
   Bunout, Daniel
   Steptoe, Andrew
   Boardman, Lisa
   Marti, Amelia
   Needham, Belinda
   Zheng, Wei
   Ramsey-Goldman, Rosalind
   Pellatt, Andrew J.
   Kaprio, Jaakko
   Hofmann, Jonathan N.
   Gieger, Christian
   Paolisso, Giuseppe
   Hjelmborg, Jacob B. H.
   Mirabello, Lisa
   Seeman, Teresa
   Wong, Jason
   van der Harst, Pim
   Broer, Linda
   Kronenberg, Florian
   Kollerits, Barbara
   Strandberg, Timo
   Eisenberg, Dan T. A.
   Duggan, Catherine
   Verhoeven, Josine E.
   Schaakxs, Roxanne
   Zannolli, Raffaela
   dos Reis, Rosana M. R.
   Charchar, Fadi J.
   Tomaszewski, Maciej
   Mons, Ute
   Demuth, Ilja
   Molli, Andrea Elena Iglesias
   Cheng, Guo
   Krasnienkov, Dmytro
   D'Antono, Bianca
   Kasielski, Marek
   McDonnell, Barry J.
   Ebstein, Richard Paul
   Sundquist, Kristina
   Pare, Guillaume
   Chong, Michael
   Zeegers, Maurice P.
CA TELOMAAS Group
TI Body mass index is negatively associated with telomere length: a
   collaborative cross-sectional meta-analysis of 87 observational studies
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
LA English
DT Article
DE BMI; telomere length; obesity; low-grade inflammation; meta-analysis;
   observational studies
ID STRONG HEART FAMILY; HELSINKI BIRTH COHORT; CORONARY-ARTERY
   CALCIFICATION; OXIDATIVE DNA-DAMAGE; PULSE-WAVE VELOCITY; II BASE-II;
   CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; AMERICAN-INDIANS; CANCER RISK;
   INSULIN-RESISTANCE
AB Background: Even before the onset of age-related diseases, obesity might be a contributing factor to the cumulative burden of oxidative stress and chronic inflammation throughout the life course. Obesity may therefore contribute to accelerated shortening of telomeres. Consequently, obese persons are more likely to have shorter telomeres, but the association between body mass index (BMI) and leukocyte telomere length (TL) might differ across the life span and between ethnicities and sexes.
   Objective: A collaborative cross-sectionalmeta-analysis of observational studies was conducted to investigate the associations between BMI and TL across the life span.
   Design: Eighty-seven distinct study samples were included in the meta-analysis capturing data from 146,114 individuals. Study-specific age-and sex-adjusted regression coefficients were combined by using a random-effects model in which absolute [base pairs (bp)] and relative telomere to single-copy gene ratio (T/S ratio) TLs were regressed against BMI. Stratified analysis was performed by 3 age categories ("young": 18-60 y; "middle": 61-75 y; and "old": > 75 y), sex, and ethnicity.
   Results: Each unit increase in BMI corresponded to a-3.99 bp (95% CI: -5.17, -2.81 bp) difference in TL in the total pooled sample; among young adults, each unit increase in BMI corresponded to a -7.67 bp (95% CI:-10.03,-5.31 bp) difference. Each unit increase in BMI corresponded to a -1.58 x 10(-3) unit T/S ratio (0.16% decrease; 95% CI: -2.14 x 10(-3), -1.01 x 10(-3)) difference in ageand sex-adjusted relative TL in the total pooled sample; among young adults, each unit increase in BMI corresponded to a -2.58 x 10(-3) unit T/S ratio (0.26% decrease; 95% CI: -3.92 x 10(-3), -1.25 x 10(-3)). The associations were predominantly for the white pooled population. No sex differences were observed.
   Conclusions: A higher BMI is associated with shorter telomeres, especially in younger individuals. The presently observed difference is not negligible. Meta-analyses of longitudinal studies evaluating change in body weight alongside change in TL are warranted.
C1 [Gielen, Marij; Zeegers, Maurice P.] Maastricht Univ, Med Ctr, NUTRIM Sch Nutr & Translat Res Metab, Dept Complex Genet, Maastricht, Netherlands.
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   [Antoniou, Evangelia E.] Maastricht Univ, Fac Psychol & Neurosci, Dept Clin Psychol Sci, Maastricht, Netherlands.
   [Nordfjall, Katarina] Ostersund Hosp, Dept Med, Ostersund, Sweden.
   [Mangino, Massimo] Kings Coll London, Twin Res & Genet Epidemiol, London, England.
   [Mangino, Massimo] Guys & St Thomas Fdn Trust, NIHR Biomed Res Ctr, London, England.
   [Balasubramanyam, Muthuswamy] Madras Diabet Res Fdn, Cell & Mol Biol, Madras, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [de Meyer, Tim] Univ Ghent, Dept Math Modeling Stat & Bioinformat, Ghent, Belgium.
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   [Hendricks, Audrey E.] Univ Colorado Denver, Dept Math & Stat Sci, Denver, CO USA.
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   [Diaz, Vanessa A.] Med Univ South Carolina, Dept Family Med, Charleston, SC 29425 USA.
   [Farzaneh-Far, Ramin] San Francisco Gen Hosp, Div Cardiol, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA.
   [Atzmon, Gil] Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Med & Genet, Bronx, NY 10467 USA.
   [Atzmon, Gil] Univ Haifa, Fac Nat Sci, Dept Biol, Haifa, Israel.
   [Harris, Sarah E.] Univ Edinburgh, Ctr Cognit Aging & Cognit Epidemiol, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland.
   [Harris, Sarah E.] Univ Edinburgh, Med Genet Sect, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland.
   [Harris, Sarah E.] Univ Edinburgh, Ctr Genom & Expt Med, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland.
   [Harris, Sarah E.] Univ Edinburgh, MRC, Inst Genet & Mol Med, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland.
   [Hou, Lifang] Northwestern Univ, Dept Prevent Med, Feinberg Sch Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA.
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   [Hovatta, Iiris] Univ Helsinki, Dept Biosci, Helsinki, Finland.
   [Hovatta, Iiris] Natl Inst Hlth & Welf, Dept Hlth, Helsinki, Finland.
   [Kark, Jeremy D.] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Hadassah Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Epidemiol Unit, Jerusalem, Israel.
   [Nassar, Hisham] Hadassah Univ Med Ctr, Dept Cardiol, Jerusalem, Israel.
   [Kurz, David J.] Triemli Hosp, Dept Cardiol, Zurich, Switzerland.
   [Mather, Karen A.] UNSW Australia, Ctr Hlth Brain Ageing, Psychiat, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
   [Willeit, Peter] Med Univ Innsbruck, Dept Neurol, Innsbruck, Austria.
   [Willeit, Peter] Univ Cambridge, Dept Publ Hlth & Primary Care, Cambridge, England.
   [Zheng, Yun-Ling] Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Oncol, Washington, DC 20007 USA.
   [Pavanello, Sofia] Univ Padua, Unit Occupat Med, Dept Cardiac Thorac & Vasc Sci, Padua, Italy.
   [Demerath, Ellen W.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol & Community Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA.
   [Rode, Line] Herlev & Gentofte Hosp, Copenhagen Univ Hosp, Dept Clin Biochem, Copenhagen Gen Populat Study, Copenhagen, Denmark.
   [Bunout, Daniel] Univ Chile, Inst Nutr & Food Technol, Santiago, Chile.
   [Steptoe, Andrew] UCL, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, London, England.
   [Boardman, Lisa] Mayo Clin, Coll Med, Dept Internal Med, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Rochester, MN USA.
   [Marti, Amelia] Univ Navarra, Dept Nutr Food Sci & Physiol, Pamplona, Spain.
   [Marti, Amelia] Inst Invest Sanitaria Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
   [Marti, Amelia] Inst Salud Carlos III, CIBER Fisiopatol Obesidad & Nutr CIBERobn, Madrid, Spain.
   [Needham, Belinda] Univ Michigan, Dept Epidemiol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
   [Zheng, Wei] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Epidemiol,Vanderbilt Epidemiol Ctr,Vanderbilt, Nashville, TN USA.
   [Ramsey-Goldman, Rosalind] Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Div Rheumatol, Chicago, IL 60611 USA.
   [Pellatt, Andrew J.] Univ Utah, Dept Med, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA.
   [Kaprio, Jaakko] Univ Helsinki, Dept Publ Hlth, Helsinki, Finland.
   [Kaprio, Jaakko] Univ Helsinki, Inst Mol Med, Helsinki, Finland.
   [Hofmann, Jonathan N.] NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
   [Gieger, Christian] German Res Ctr Environm Hlth, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Res Unit Mol Epidemiol, Neuherberg, Germany.
   [Gieger, Christian] German Res Ctr Environm Hlth, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Inst Epidemiol 2, Neuherberg, Germany.
   [Paolisso, Giuseppe; Mirabello, Lisa] Univ Naples 2, Dept Med Surg Neurol Metab & Geriatr Sci, Naples, Italy.
   [Hjelmborg, Jacob B. H.] Univ Southern Denmark, Inst Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol Biostat & Biodemog, Odense C, Denmark.
   [Seeman, Teresa] Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
   [Wong, Jason] Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
   [van der Harst, Pim] Univ Med Ctr Groningen, Dept Cardiol, Groningen, Netherlands.
   [Broer, Linda] Erasmus MC, Dept Internal Med, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
   [Kronenberg, Florian; Kollerits, Barbara] Med Univ Innsbruck, Dept Med Genet Mol & Clin Pharmacol, Div Genet Epidemiol, Innsbruck, Austria.
   [Strandberg, Timo] Univ Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
   [Strandberg, Timo] Univ Helsinki, Cent Hosp, Helsinki, Finland.
   [Strandberg, Timo] Univ Oulu, Ctr Life Course Epidemiol, Oulu, Finland.
   [Eisenberg, Dan T. A.] Univ Washington, Dept Anthropol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
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   [Verhoeven, Josine E.; Schaakxs, Roxanne] Vrije Univ Amsterdam Med Ctr, Amsterdam Publ Hlth Res Inst, Dept Psychiat, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
   [Zannolli, Raffaela] Univ Siena, Senese, Policlin Le Scotte, Pediat Unit,Azienda Osped Univ, Siena, Italy.
   [dos Reis, Rosana M. R.] Univ Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto Med Sch, Dept Gynecol & Obstet, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil.
   [Charchar, Fadi J.] Univ Melbourne, Dept Physiol, Federat Univ Australia, Sch Sci & Technol, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.
   [Charchar, Fadi J.] Univ Leicester, Dept Cardiovasc Sci, Leicester, Leics, England.
   [Tomaszewski, Maciej] Univ Manchester, Div Cardiovasc Sci, Fac Med Biol & Hlth, Manchester, Lancs, England.
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   [Mons, Ute] German Canc Res Ctr, Div Clin Epidemiol & Aging Res, Heidelberg, Germany.
   [Mons, Ute] German Canc Res Ctr, Canc Prevent Unit, Heidelberg, Germany.
   [Demuth, Ilja] Charite Univ Med Berlin, Freie Univ Berlin, Humboldt Univ Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
   [Demuth, Ilja] Berlin Inst Hlth, Lipid Clin, Interdisciplinary Metab Ctr, Berlin, Germany.
   [Molli, Andrea Elena Iglesias] Univ Buenos Aires, CONICET, Inst Inmunol Genet & Metab INIGEM, Lab Diabet & Metab, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina.
   [Cheng, Guo] Sichuan Univ, West China Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr Food Safety & Toxicol, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Krasnienkov, Dmytro] NAMS Ukraine, DF Chebotarev State Inst Gerontol, Dept Epigenet, Kiev, Ukraine.
   [D'Antono, Bianca] Univ Montreal, Montreal Heart Inst, Res Ctr, Montreal, PQ, Canada.
   [D'Antono, Bianca] Univ Montreal, Dept Psychol, Montreal, PQ, Canada.
   [Kasielski, Marek] Med Univ Lodz, Bases Clin Med Teaching Ctr, Lodz, Poland.
   [McDonnell, Barry J.] Cardiff Metropolitan Univ, Cardiff Sch Sport & Hlth Sci, Cardiff, S Glam, Wales.
   [Ebstein, Richard Paul] Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Psychol, Singapore, Singapore.
   [Sundquist, Kristina] Lund Univ, Ctr Primary Hlth Care Res, Reg Skane, Lund, Sweden.
   [Pare, Guillaume; Chong, Michael] Populat Hlth Res Inst, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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RP Gielen, M (reprint author), Maastricht Univ, Med Ctr, NUTRIM Sch Nutr & Translat Res Metab, Dept Complex Genet, Maastricht, Netherlands.
EM marij.gielen@maastrichtuniversity.nl
RI Kronenberg, Florian/B-1736-2008; Mirabello, Lisa/H-5594-2018; Pare,
   Guillaume/T-9631-2018
OI Kronenberg, Florian/0000-0003-2229-1120; Pare,
   Guillaume/0000-0002-6795-4760
FU Wellcome Trust; European Community; National Institute for Health
   Research (NIHR) BioResource Clinical Research Facility and Biomedical
   Research Centre based at Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust;
   King's College London; National Center for Advancing Translational
   Sciences of the NIH [UL1TR001105]; National Heart, Lung, and Blood
   Institute [N01-HC-95159, N01-HC-95165, N01-HC-95169]; MacArthur
   Foundation; NIH, the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and
   Kidney Diseases [5K01DK082729-04]; British Heart Foundation [RG008/08,
   FS/06/053, RG/10/005/28296, PG/16/49/32176, PG/12/9/29376]; National
   Institute for Health Research University College London Hospitals
   Biomedical Research Centre; EC Concerted Action [BMH1 CT92-0206]; Age UK
   (The Disconnected Mind project); Biotechnology and Biological Sciences
   Research Counci; Medical Research Council (MRC); Intramural Research
   Program of the NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
   [Z01 ES 044005]; Chief Scientist of the Israel Ministry of Health
   [300000-5352]; Israel Science Foundation [593/01]; US-Israel Binational
   Science Foundation [87-00419]; USAID MERC program [TA-MOU-01-M2-1002];
   DCURE Israel; Australian National Health and Medical Research Council
   [17805, 418020]; "Tiroler Wissenschaftsfonds," Austria; Dr Johannes and
   Hertha Tuba Foundation; NIH [R03AG023251, R01HD012252, R01DK091369,
   K01AG034259, R21HL092363, U01HL65520, U01HL41642, U01HL41652,
   U01HL41654, U01HL65521, DA12854, RR20649, ES10126]; NIH/NIAMS
   [T32AR07611, K24AR002138, P60 AR064464]; Kirkland Scholar Award; AFMR
   Summer Clinical and the Eleanor Wood-Prince grant: A Project of the
   Woman's Board of Northwestern Memorial Hospital; Ministry of Education
   and Culture; Juho Vainio Foundation; Finnish Heart Research Foundation;
   Paavo Nurmi Foundation; Finnish Cultural Foundation; Medical Society of
   Finland, Finska Lakaresallskapet; Academy of Finland; ENGAGE-European
   Network for Genetic and Genomic Epidemiology [201413]; Academy of
   Finland Center of Excellence in Complex Disease Genetics [213506,
   129680]; Academy of Finland [141054, 265240, 263278, 286294, 294154];
   intramural research program of the Division of Cancer Epidemiology and
   Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH; Helmholtz Zentrum
   Munchen-German Research Center for Environmental Health; German Federal
   Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF); State of Bavaria; Munich
   Center of Health Sciences (MC-Health), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat,
   as part of LMUinnovativ; Netherlands Organisation for Scientific
   Research (NWO); Erasmus MC; Center for Medical Systems Biology (CMSB);
   ENGAGE Consortium [HEALTH-F4-2007-201413]; Netherlands Consortium for
   Healthy Ageing [050-060-810]; Erasmus University Rotterdam; Netherlands
   Organization for Scientific Research (NWO); Netherlands Organization for
   Health Research and Development (ZonMw); Research Institute for Diseases
   in the Elderly (RIDE); Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI); Ministry
   of Education, Culture, and Sciences; Ministry of Health, Welfare, and
   Sports; European Commission (DG XII); Municipality of Rotterdam;
   National Institute on Aging [R01 AG033592]; Netherlands Prevention
   Foundation (Preventiefonds); Danone; Susan G Komen for the Cure [BCTR
   0600562]; US NIH Cancer Center [P30 CA016056]; Medical Research Council,
   United Kingdom; British Heart Foundation; Sohlberg Foundation; Jahnsson
   Foundation; Gustav Voch Victoria Frimurarestiftelse; Helsinki University
   Central Hospital; Oulu University Hospital (VTR/EVO-funding); NSF
   [BCS-0962282]; Wenner-Gren Foundation [8111]; Northwestern University;
   Geestkracht program of the Netherlands Organization for Health Research
   and Development (Zon-Mw) [10-000-1002]; NWO-VICI grant [91811602]; Sao
   Paulo Research Foundation (Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de
   Sao Paulo-FAPESP) [2010/08800-8, 2012/11566-2, 2012/11069-9]; National
   Health and Medical Research Council of Australia [APP1123472];
   Baden-Wurttemberg State Ministry of Science, Research, and Arts
   (Stuttgart, Germany); Federal Ministry of Education and Research
   (Berlin, Germany); Federal Ministry of Family Affairs, Senior Citizens,
   Women, and Youth (Berlin, Germany); German Federal Ministry of Education
   and Research (BMBF) [16SV5536K, 16SV5537, 16SV5538, 01UW0808]; BMBF
   [01GL1716A, 01GL1716B]; Max Planck Institute for Human Development
   (MPIB) in Berlin, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics
   (MPIMG) in Berlin, Germany; Charite-Universiatsmedizin, University
   Medicine, German in Berlin, Germany; Institute for Economic Research
   (DIW) Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin in Berlin, Germany; University of
   Lubeck in Lubeck; University of Tubingen, Germany; Canadian Institutes
   of Health Research (CIHR) [MOP 79456, 111017]; Montreal Heart Institute
   Foundation; Singapore Ministry of Education; AXA Research Foundation;
   Templeton World Charity Foundation, Inc.; Swedish Research Council;
   FORTE; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the NIH
   [R01HL116381]; Komisarenko Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism
   (National Academy of Medical Sciences) [0116 U 002166];  [R01 HL076831]
FX The TwinsUK study was funded by the Wellcome Trust, European Community's
   Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013). The study also receives
   support from the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR)
   BioResource Clinical Research Facility and Biomedical Research Centre
   based at Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College
   London. The Dallas Heart Study (DHS) research reported in this
   publication was supported by the National Center for Advancing
   Translational Sciences of the NIH under award number UL1TR001105. We
   thank Drs. C Garcia and Kozlitina for sharing the data. The acquisition
   and analyses of the data from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
   (MESA) was funded by contracts N01-HC-95159 through N01-HC-95165 and
   N01-HC-95169 from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, by R01
   HL076831 (PI: Diez Roux), and by funding from the MacArthur Foundation.
   Jennifer A Nettleton was funded by a career development award from the
   NIH, the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney
   Diseases (5K01DK082729-04). MESA thanks the investigators, staff, and
   participants of the MESA study for their valuable contributions. A full
   list of participating MESA investigators and institutions can be found
   at http://www.mesa-nhlbi.org. SE Humphries is a British Heart Foundation
   Professor and he and Klelia D Salpea are supported by the British Heart
   Foundation (RG008/08 and FS/06/053) and by the National Institute for
   Health Research University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research
   Centre. The EARSII study was funded by the EC Concerted Action BMH1
   CT92-0206. Phenotype collection was supported by Age UK (The
   Disconnected Mind project). The work was undertaken by The University of
   Edinburgh Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, which
   is part of the cross-council Lifelong Health and Wellbeing Initiative
   (MR/K026992/1). Funding from the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences
   Research Counci and Medical Research Council (MRC) is gratefully
   acknowledged. The Sister Study was supported by the Intramural Research
   Program of the NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
   (Z01 ES 044005). The Jerusalem LRC study was funded by the Chief
   Scientist of the Israel Ministry of Health (300000-5352), the Israel
   Science Foundation (593/01), and the US-Israel Binational Science
   Foundation (87-00419). The Jerusalem Palestinians study was funded by
   the USAID MERC program (grant TA-MOU-01-M2-1002) and by a research grant
   from DCURE Israel. The PATH study was supported by the Australian
   National Health and Medical Research Council program grant 17805 and
   project grant 418020. The Bruneck Study was supported by a grant from
   the "Tiroler Wissenschaftsfonds," Austria, and the Dr Johannes and
   Hertha Tuba Foundation. The Fels Longitudinal Study, Research reported
   in this manuscript was supported by the NIH grants (R03AG023251,
   R01HD012252).; The authors thank the Indian Health Service facilities.
   The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not
   necessarily reflect those of the Indian Health Service. This study was
   supported by NIH grants R01DK091369, K01AG034259, R21HL092363, and
   cooperative agreement grants U01HL65520, U01HL41642, U01HL41652,
   U01HL41654, and U01HL65521.; SOLVABLE was supported by NIH/NIAMS
   T32AR07611, K24AR002138, and P60 AR30692, which is now updated as P60
   AR064464, Kirkland Scholar Award, and the AFMR Summer Clinical and the
   Eleanor Wood-Prince grant: A Project of the Woman's Board of
   Northwestern Memorial Hospital. The Former Athletes study was funded by
   the Ministry of Education and Culture, the Juho Vainio Foundation, the
   Finnish Heart Research Foundation, Paavo Nurmi Foundation, the Finnish
   Cultural Foundation, and by a grant from Medical Society of Finland,
   Finska Lakaresallskapet. We thank National Institute for Health and
   Welfare, Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Sports and
   Exercise Medicine Department of Health Sciences, University of
   Jyvaskyla, Paavo Nurmi Centre, Turku, and ORTON Research Institute,
   Invalid Foundation, Helsinki, for collaboration during the large
   epidemiological and clinical research program in the year 2008. The
   Finnish Twin Cohort data come primarily from the Nicotine Addictions
   Genetics family study of twins and their siblings. Data collection for
   this work was supported by Academy of Finland grants and NIH grant
   DA12854 (PAFM), and further support was from ENGAGE-European Network for
   Genetic and Genomic Epidemiology, FP7-HEALTH-F4-2007, grant agreement
   201413; the Academy of Finland Center of Excellence in Complex Disease
   Genetics (grants 213506 and 129680; to J Kaprio), and the Academy of
   Finland (grants 141054, 265240, and 263278; to J Kaprio). The US Kidney
   Cancer Study (USKCS) was supported, in part, by the intramural research
   program of the Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National
   Cancer Institute, NIH. The KORA study was initiated and financed by the
   Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen-German Research Center for Environmental
   Health, which is funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and
   Research (BMBF) and by the State of Bavaria. Furthermore, KORA research
   was supported within the Munich Center of Health Sciences (MC-Health),
   Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat, as part of LMUinnovativ. The Erasmus
   Rucphen Family (ERF) study was supported by grants from The Netherlands
   Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO), Erasmus MC, the Center for
   Medical Systems Biology (CMSB), the European Community's Seventh
   Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013), the ENGAGE Consortium (grant
   HEALTH-F4-2007-201413), and the Netherlands Consortium for Healthy
   Ageing (grant 050-060-810). We are grateful to all general practitioners
   for their contributions, to Petra Veraart for her help in genealogy,
   Jeannette Vergeer for the supervision of the laboratory work, and Peter
   Snijders for his help in data collection. The Rotterdam Study is
   supported by the Erasmus MC and Erasmus University Rotterdam; the
   Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO); the Netherlands
   Organization for Health Research and Development (ZonMw); the Research
   Institute for Diseases in the Elderly (RIDE); the Netherlands Genomics
   Initiative (NGI); the Ministry of Education, Culture, and Sciences; the
   Ministry of Health, Welfare, and Sports; the European Commission (DG
   XII); and the Municipality of Rotterdam. The analysis of data from the
   NHANES was funded by grant R01 AG033592 from the National Institute on
   Aging (PI: Elissa Epel). The Zutphen Elderly Study was supported by
   grants from The Netherlands Prevention Foundation (Preventiefonds) and
   the survey on Crete was financially supported by Danone. The RPCI study
   was supported by grants from Susan G Komen for the Cure (BCTR 0600562)
   and the US NIH Cancer Center Support Grant (P30 CA016056).; The Heart
   Scan Study was funded by the British Heart Foundation (RG/10/005/28296)
   and the Medical Research Council, United Kingdom. A Steptoe is funded by
   the British Heart Foundation. The Helsinki Businessmen Study (HBS) was
   initially funded by the Academy of Finland and various foundations
   during the decades, most recently by the Sohlberg Foundation, the
   Jahnsson Foundation, and Gustav Voch Victoria Frimurarestiftelse.
   Funding has also been provided by the Helsinki University Central
   Hospital, the Oulu University Hospital (VTR/EVO-funding), and the
   Academy of Finland grants 286294 and 294154. Laboratory analysis of the
   Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey (CLHNS) was funded by NSF
   (Doctoral Dissertation Improvement grant BCS-0962282), the Wenner-Gren
   Foundation (grant 8111), and institutional support from Northwestern
   University; data and sample collection were funded by the NIH (grants
   RR20649 and ES10126). DNA extracts were provided by Karen Mohlke.
   Richard Cawthon, Justin Tackney, Katarina Nordfjall, Klelia Salpea,
   Christine Ackerman, and Margrit Urbanek provided laboratory advice. We
   especially thank the many researchers at the Office of Population
   Studies, University of San Carlos, Cebu, the Philippines, for their
   central role in study design and data collection, and the Filipino
   participants who provided their time and samples for this study. NESDA
   is funded through the Geestkracht program of the Netherlands
   Organization for Health Research and Development (Zon-Mw, grant
   10-000-1002) and is supported by participating universities and mental
   health care organizations. JE Verhoeven and telomere length assaying
   were supported through an NWO-VICI grant (91811602). The authors of PRT
   thank Gislaine Satyko Kogure and Rafael Costa Silva for personal
   guidance regarding progressive resistance training. We are grateful to
   the Sao Paulo Research Foundation (Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do
   Estado de Sao Paulo-FAPESP), for financial support with grants
   2010/08800-8 and 2012/11566-2 (RMR) and fellowship 2012/11069-9 (CLMF).
   Fadi Charchar's work was supported by a National Health and Medical
   Research Council of Australia grant APP1123472. Maciej Tomaszewski's
   work on the Y chromosome was supported by British Heart Foundation
   project grants PG/16/49/32176 and PG/12/9/29376. The ESTHER study was
   funded by the Baden-Wurttemberg State Ministry of Science, Research, and
   Arts (Stuttgart, Germany); the Federal Ministry of Education and
   Research (Berlin, Germany); and the Federal Ministry of Family Affairs,
   Senior Citizens, Women, and Youth (Berlin, Germany). The Berlin Aging
   Study II (BASE-II) was supported by the German Federal Ministry of
   Education and Research (BMBF grants 16SV5536K, 16SV5537, 16SV5538, and
   16SV5837; previously 01UW0808)). The study "Sex- and Gender-Sensitive
   Prevention of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease in Older Adults in
   Germany" (GendAge) includes analyses of BASE-II baseline data and
   follow-up analyses of BASE-II participants with a focus on sex and
   gender differences in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. GendAge is
   also supported by the BMBF (grants 01GL1716A and 01GL1716B). Additional
   contributions (e.g., financial, equipment, logistics, personnel) were
   made from each of the other participating sites [i.e.; , the Max Planck
   Institute for Human Development (MPIB); Max Planck Institute for
   Molecular Genetics (MPIMG); Charite-Universiatsmedizin, University
   Medicine, German; Institute for Economic Research (DIW)
   Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin; all located in Berlin, Germany, and
   University of Lubeck in Lubeck, and University of Tubingen, Germany].;
   GAHR2 was supported by grants awarded to Dr. D'Antono by the Canadian
   Institutes of Health Research (CIHR; MOP 79456 and 111017) and the
   Montreal Heart Institute Foundation. The RPE study was funded by
   research grants from the Singapore Ministry of Education, the AXA
   Research Foundation, and the Templeton World Charity Foundation, Inc.
   The Sweden Mindfulness Study was supported by the Swedish Research
   Council and FORTE to Kristina Sundquist and Jan Sundquist and the
   National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the NIH under award
   R01HL116381 to Kristina Sundquist. The Ukrainian part of the data of the
   Kyev study was completed within the framework of the "Research of
   anthropometric, biochemical and genetic risk factors of development of
   the glucose regulation disturbances and diabetes mellitus in Ukraine
   study" conducted at the Komisarenko Institute of Endocrinology and
   Metabolism (National Academy of Medical Sciences (grant 0116 U 002166).
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NR 149
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 5
U2 5
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 0002-9165
EI 1938-3207
J9 AM J CLIN NUTR
JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr.
PD SEP
PY 2018
VL 108
IS 3
BP 453
EP 475
DI 10.1093/ajcn/nqy107
PG 23
WC Nutrition & Dietetics
SC Nutrition & Dietetics
GA GT3NN
UT WOS:000444410100007
PM 30535086
OA Bronze
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Wojcik, GL
   Marie, C
   Abhyankar, MM
   Yoshida, N
   Watanabe, K
   Mentzer, AJ
   Carstensen, T
   Mychaleckyj, J
   Kirkpatrick, BD
   Rich, SS
   Concannon, P
   Haque, R
   Tsokos, GC
   Petri, WA
   Duggal, P
AF Wojcik, Genevieve L.
   Marie, Chelsea
   Abhyankar, Mayuresh M.
   Yoshida, Nobuya
   Watanabe, Koji
   Mentzer, Alexander J.
   Carstensen, Tommy
   Mychaleckyj, Josyf
   Kirkpatrick, Beth D.
   Rich, Stephen S.
   Concannon, Patrick
   Haque, Rashidul
   Tsokos, George C.
   Petri, William A., Jr.
   Duggal, Priya
TI Genome-Wide Association Study Reveals Genetic Link between
   Diarrhea-Associated Entamoeba histolytica Infection and Inflammatory
   Bowel Disease
SO MBIO
LA English
DT Article
DE diarrhea; epidemiology; genomics; infectious disease; protozoa; public
   health
ID RECENT POSITIVE SELECTION; GENOTYPE IMPUTATION; SUSCEPTIBILITY LOCI;
   HAPLOTYPE STRUCTURE; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; CROHNS-DISEASE; HOST-CELLS;
   AMEBIASIS; METAANALYSIS; MALNUTRITION
AB Entamoeba histolytica is the etiologic agent of amebic dysentery, though clinical manifestation of infection is highly variable ranging from subclinical colonization to invasive disease. We hypothesize that host genetics contribute to the variable outcomes of E. histolytica infection; thus, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in two independent birth cohorts of Bangladeshi infants monitored for susceptibility to E. histolytica disease in the first year of life. Children with at least one diarrheal episode positive for E. histolytica (cases) were compared to children with no detectable E. histolytica infection in the same time frame (controls). Meta-analyses under a fixed-effect inverse variance weighting model identified multiple variants in a region of chromosome 10 containing loci associated with symptomatic E. histolytica infection. An intergenic insertion between CREM and CCNY (rs58000832) achieved genome-wide significance (P value from meta-analysis [P-meta] = 6.05 x 10(-9)), and each additional risk allele of rs58000832 conferred 2.42 increased odds of a diarrhea-associated E. histolytica infection. The most strongly associated single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) within a gene was in an intron of CREM (rs58468612; P-meta = 8.94 x 10(-8)), which has been implicated as a susceptibility locus for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Gene expression resources suggest associated loci are related to the lower expression of CREM. Increased CREM expression is also observed in early E. histolytica infection. Further, CREM-/- mice were more susceptible to E. histolytica amebic colitis. These genetic associations reinforce the pathological similarities observed in gut inflammation between E. histolytica infection and IBD.
   IMPORTANCE Diarrhea is the second leading cause of death for children globally, causing 760,000 deaths each year in children less than 5 years old. Amebic dysentery contributes significantly to this burden, especially in developing countries. The identification of host factors that control or enable enteric pathogens has the potential to transform our understanding of disease predisposition, outcomes, and treatments. Our discovery of the transcriptional regulator cAMP-responsive element modulator (CREM) as a genetic modifier of susceptibility to amebic disease has implications for understanding the pathogenesis of other diarrheal infections. Further, emerging evidence for CREM in IBD susceptibility suggests that CREM is a critical regulator of enteric inflammation and may have broad therapeutic potential as a drug target across intestinal inflammatory diseases.
C1 [Wojcik, Genevieve L.] Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
   [Marie, Chelsea; Abhyankar, Mayuresh M.; Watanabe, Koji; Petri, William A., Jr.] Univ Virginia, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis & Int Hlth, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA.
   [Yoshida, Nobuya; Tsokos, George C.] Harvard Med Sch, Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Dept Med, Boston, MA USA.
   [Mentzer, Alexander J.] Univ Oxford, Wellcome Trust Ctr Human Genet, Nuffield Dept Med, Oxford, England.
   [Carstensen, Tommy] Wellcome Trust Sanger Inst, Genome Campus, Oxford, England.
   [Carstensen, Tommy] Univ Cambridge, Dept Med, Cambridge, England.
   [Mychaleckyj, Josyf; Rich, Stephen S.] Univ Virginia, Sch Med, Ctr Publ Hlth Genom, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA.
   [Kirkpatrick, Beth D.] Univ Vermont, Coll Med, Vaccine Testing Ctr, Burlington, VT USA.
   [Concannon, Patrick] Univ Florida, Genet Inst, Gainesville, FL USA.
   [Concannon, Patrick] Univ Florida, Dept Pathol Immunol & Lab Med, Gainesville, FL USA.
   [Haque, Rashidul] Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
   [Duggal, Priya] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA.
RP Duggal, P (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA.
EM pduggal@jhmi.edu
OI Mentzer, Alexander/0000-0002-4502-2209
FU Wellcome Trust; NIAID NIH HHS [R37 AI049954, R37 AI026649]
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NR 58
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA
SN 2150-7511
J9 MBIO
JI mBio
PD SEP-OCT
PY 2018
VL 9
IS 5
AR e01668-18
DI 10.1128/mBio.01668-18
PG 16
WC Microbiology
SC Microbiology
GA GZ5NY
UT WOS:000449472200023
PM 30228239
OA DOAJ Gold
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Woo, MK
   Young, ES
   Mostofa, MG
   Afroz, S
   Hasan, MOSI
   Quamruzzaman, Q
   Bellinger, DC
   Christiani, DC
   Mazumdar, M
AF Woo, May K.
   Young, Elisabeth S.
   Mostofa, Md Golam
   Afroz, Sakila
   Hasan, Md Omar Sharif Ibne
   Quamruzzaman, Quazi
   Bellinger, David C.
   Christiani, David C.
   Mazumdar, Maitreyi
TI Lead in Air in Bangladesh: Exposure in a Rural Community with Elevated
   Blood Lead Concentrations among Young Children
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
LA English
DT Article
DE lead; exposure; Bangladesh; air pollution
ID RISK-FACTORS; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; SOIL LEAD; CHILDHOOD; COTTAGE;
   HEALTH; PREVALENCE; INDUSTRIES; HAZARDS; URBAN
AB Previous evaluations of a birth cohort in the Munshiganj District of Bangladesh had found that over 85% of 397 children aged 2-3 years had blood lead concentrations above the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's reference level of 5 g/dL. Studies in urban areas of Bangladesh have found elevated levels of lead in the air due to industries and remaining contamination from the historic use of leaded gasoline. Sources of lead in rural areas of Bangladesh remain unknown. We conducted air sampling in both residential and industrial sites in Munshiganj to determine whether children are exposed to elevated lead concentrations in the air and study the association between the children's blood lead levels and sampled air lead concentrations. Residential and industrial air samples in Munshiganj were found to have elevated lead concentrations (mean 1.22 g/m(3)) but were not found to be associated with the observed blood lead concentrations. Lead in air is an important environmental health exposure risk to the for children in Munshiganj, and further research may shed light on specific sources to inform exposure prevention and mitigation programs.
C1 [Woo, May K.; Bellinger, David C.; Christiani, David C.; Mazumdar, Maitreyi] Harvard TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
   [Young, Elisabeth S.] Harvard TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Social & Behav Sci, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
   [Mostofa, Md Golam; Afroz, Sakila; Hasan, Md Omar Sharif Ibne; Quamruzzaman, Quazi] Dhaka Community Hosp, Dhaka 1217, Bangladesh.
   [Bellinger, David C.; Mazumdar, Maitreyi] Boston Childrens Hosp, Dept Neurol, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
RP Woo, MK (reprint author), Harvard TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
EM mwoo@mail.harvard.edu; eyoung@hsph.harvard.edu; mostofa07@gmail.com;
   joya9878@yahoo.com; dr.sharif0909@gmail.com; dcht87@gmail.com;
   david.bellinger@childrens.harvard.edu; dchris@hsph.harvard.edu;
   Maitreyi.MazumdarMDMPH@childrens.harvard.edu
FU Harvard National Institutes of Environmental Health (NIEHS) Center,
   Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health [P30 ES000002]; NIEHS [P42
   ES16454, R01 ES015533]
FX This study was funded by the Pilot Project Fund from the Harvard
   National Institutes of Environmental Health (NIEHS) Center (P30
   ES000002), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. Additional funding
   was provided by NIEHS grants P42 ES16454 and R01 ES015533.
CR Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), COURS WB2832 LEAD TO
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NR 57
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
SN 1660-4601
J9 INT J ENV RES PUB HE
JI Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health
PD SEP
PY 2018
VL 15
IS 9
AR 1947
DI 10.3390/ijerph15091947
PG 14
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
   Health
GA GV0PX
UT WOS:000445765600156
PM 30200642
OA DOAJ Gold
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Riaz, A
   Husain, S
   Yousafzai, MT
   Nisar, I
   Shaheen, F
   Mahesar, W
   Dal, SM
   Omer, SB
   Zaidi, S
   Ali, A
AF Riaz, Atif
   Husain, Sara
   Yousafzai, Mohammad Tahir
   Nisar, Imran
   Shaheen, Fariha
   Mahesar, Waheed
   Dal, Saleh Muhammad
   Omer, Saad B.
   Zaidi, Shehla
   Ali, Asad
TI Reasons for non-vaccination and incomplete vaccinations among children
   in Pakistan
SO VACCINE
LA English
DT Article
DE Reasons; Non-vaccination; Incomplete vaccination; Vaccine refusal
ID BARRIERS
AB Background: Global immunization efforts have received a boost through the introduction of several new vaccines. These efforts however, are threatened by sub-optimal vaccine coverage, particularly in countries with large birth cohorts. Pakistan has one of the largest birth cohorts in the world, where coverage of routine vaccination remains persistently inadequate. We undertook this study to ascertain reasons for non-vaccination or incomplete vaccination of children less than two years in 8 districts of southern Pakistan.
   Methods: A cross-sectional survey using WHO recommended rapid coverage assessment technique was conducted in 2014. Using probability proportional to size method, we sampled 8400 households with eligible children (aged 4-12 months). Using a structured questionnaire, mothers or other primary caregivers were interviewed to determine vaccination status of an index child. In case of non-vaccination or incomplete vaccination, respondents were asked for reasons leading to low/no vaccine uptake.
   Results: Based on both vaccination record and recall, only 30.8% of children were fully vaccinated, 46% had an incomplete vaccination status while 23%were non-vaccinated. The most frequently reported reasons for non-vaccination included: mothers caregivers being unaware of the need for vaccination (35.3%), a fear of side effects (23%), mother/caregiver being too busy (16.6%), distance from vaccination centers (13.8%), and non-availability of either vaccinators or vaccines at vaccination centers (10.7%). Reasons identified for incomplete vaccination were similar, with caregivers being unaware of the need for subsequent doses (27.3%), non-availability of vaccinators or vaccines (17.7%), mother/caregiver being too busy (14.8%), fear of side effects (11.2%), and postponement for another time (8.7%).
   Conclusion: Various factors result in non-compliance with vaccination schedules and vaccine refusal within the surveyed communities, ranging from lack of knowledge to non-availability of supplies at vaccination centers. These barriers are best addressed through multi-pronged strategies addressing supply gaps, increasing community awareness and enhancing demand for routine vaccination services. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Riaz, Atif; Husain, Sara; Yousafzai, Mohammad Tahir; Nisar, Imran; Shaheen, Fariha; Mahesar, Waheed; Dal, Saleh Muhammad; Zaidi, Shehla; Ali, Asad] Aga Khan Univ, Dept Paediat & Child Hlth, Stadium Rd, Karachi, Pakistan.
   [Omer, Saad B.] Emory Univ, Dept Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.
   [Omer, Saad B.] Emory Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.
   [Omer, Saad B.] Emory Univ, Dept Paediat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.
   [Omer, Saad B.] Emory Univ, Emory Vaccine Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.
   [Zaidi, Shehla] Aga Khan Univ, Dept Community Hlth Sci, Karachi, Pakistan.
RP Ali, A (reprint author), Aga Khan Univ, Dept Paediat & Child Hlth, Stadium Rd, Karachi, Pakistan.
EM asad.ali@aku.edu
FU Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance
FX Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance.
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NR 22
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0264-410X
EI 1873-2518
J9 VACCINE
JI Vaccine
PD AUG 23
PY 2018
VL 36
IS 35
BP 5288
EP 5293
DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.07.024
PG 6
WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental
SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine
GA GU4UZ
UT WOS:000445281700011
PM 30054162
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Lee, JJ
   Valeri, L
   Kapur, K
   Hasan, MOSI
   Quamruzzaman, Q
   Wright, RO
   Bellinger, DC
   Christiani, DC
   Mazumdar, M
AF Lee, Jane J.
   Valeri, Linda
   Kapur, Kush
   Hasan, Md Omar Sharif Ibne
   Quamruzzaman, Quazi
   Wright, Robert O.
   Bellinger, David C.
   Christiani, David C.
   Mazumdar, Maitreyi
TI Growth parameters at birth mediate the relationship between prenatal
   manganese exposure and cognitive test scores among a cohort of 2-to
   3-year-old Bangladeshi children
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE environmental health; public health; causal mediation
ID AGED 2-3 YEARS; INTELLECTUAL FUNCTION; ARSENIC EXPOSURE; DRINKING-WATER;
   NEURODEVELOPMENTAL OUTCOMES; EARLY-CHILDHOOD; FETAL-GROWTH; BLOOD LEAD;
   PREGNANCY; NEUROTOXICITY
AB Background: Our previous study demonstrated that prenatal manganese exposure is associated with cognitive test scores among a cohort of 2-to 3-year-old Bangladeshi children. This study tested the hypothesis that the adverse effects of manganese are mediated through poor prenatal growth.
   Methods: Pregnant mothers were enrolled in a birth cohort in Bangladesh between 2008 and 2011, and children were followed at birth and age 20-40 months. Manganese concentration was measured in umbilical cord blood. Anthropometric measurements (weight, length, head circumference) were assessed at delivery. Children's cognitive development was assessed at age 20-40 months using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development-Third Edition. Using recently developed statistical approaches that estimate mediation and interaction effects simultaneously, we evaluated whether the association between cord blood manganese and cognitive score was mediated through anthropometric measures at birth.
   Results: This analysis included 764 mother-child pairs. Higher manganese concentration was associated with lower cognitive score [beta = -0.61, standard error (SE) =0.23, p = 0.009]. Among the birth measures, we found a significant indirect effect only through birth length (beta = -0.10, SE =0.03, p = 0.001). We also found evidence of mediated interaction (both mediation and interaction, beta = -0.03, SE = 0.01, p = 0.01) with birth length in the association between cord blood manganese and cognitive score. The overall proportion mediated by birth length was 33% (p = 0.02) and the proportion attributed to interaction was 11% (p = 0.04). We did not find evidence of a mediating effect through birth weight or head circumference.
   Conclusions: Our findings confirm that prenatal growth, particularly birth length, contributes to the overall effect of environmental manganese exposure on a child's cognitive development.
C1 [Lee, Jane J.; Kapur, Kush; Bellinger, David C.; Mazumdar, Maitreyi] Boston Childrens Hosp, Dept Neurol, 1 Autumn AU St 408, Boston, MA 02215 USA.
   [Lee, Jane J.; Bellinger, David C.; Christiani, David C.; Mazumdar, Maitreyi] Harvard TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA USA.
   [Valeri, Linda] McLean Hosp, Psychiat Biostat Lab, 115 Mill St, Belmont, MA 02178 USA.
   [Valeri, Linda] Harvard Med Sch, Dept Psychiat, Boston, MA USA.
   [Hasan, Md Omar Sharif Ibne; Quamruzzaman, Quazi] Dhaka Community Hosp, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
   [Wright, Robert O.] Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, Dept Prevent Med, New York, NY 10029 USA.
RP Lee, JJ (reprint author), Boston Childrens Hosp, Dept Neurol, 1 Autumn AU St 408, Boston, MA 02215 USA.
EM jane.iee2@childrens.harvard.edu
FU United States National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [R01
   ES011622, R01 ES026317, ES P42 ES016454, P30 ES000002]
FX This work was supported by the United States National Institute of
   Environmental Health Sciences grants # R01 ES011622, R01 ES026317, ES
   P42 ES016454 and P30 ES000002. All authors have commented on the
   manuscript and read and approved the final version of the manuscript.
   The lead author will act as a guarantor for the paper. The references
   have been checked for accuracy and completeness.
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NR 49
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 5
U2 5
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 0300-5771
EI 1464-3685
J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL
JI Int. J. Epidemiol.
PD AUG
PY 2018
VL 47
IS 4
BP 1169
EP 1179
DI 10.1093/ije/dyy069
PG 11
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA GT5OU
UT WOS:000444559900027
PM 29733356
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Richter, LM
   Orkin, FM
   Roman, GD
   Dahly, DL
   Horta, BL
   Bhargava, SK
   Norris, SA
   Stein, AD
AF Richter, Linda M.
   Orkin, F. Mark
   Roman, Gabriela D.
   Dahly, Darren L.
   Horta, Bernardo L.
   Bhargava, Santosh K.
   Norris, Shane A.
   Stein, Aryeh D.
CA COHORTS Investigators
TI Comparative Models of Biological and Social Pathways to Predict Child
   Growth through Age 2 Years from Birth Cohorts in Brazil, India, the
   Philippines, and South Africa
SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
LA English
DT Article
DE infant; growth failure; birth cohort; structural equation modeling;
   longitudinal model; social; environmental; biological
ID MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES; WEIGHT-GAIN; YOUNG ADULTHOOD; POOLED ANALYSES;
   PROFILE; PATTERNS; HEALTH; CONSEQUENCES; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ASSOCIATION
AB Background: Early growth faltering accounts for one-third of child deaths, and adversely impacts the health and human capital of surviving children. Social as well as biological factors contribute to growth faltering, but their relative strength and interrelations in different contexts have not been fully described.
   Objective: The aim of this study was to use structural equation modelling to explore social and biological multidetermination of child height at age 2 y in longitudinal data from 4 birth cohort studies in low-and middle-income countries.
   Methods: We analyzed data from 13,824 participants in birth cohort studies in Brazil, India, the Philippines, and South Africa. We used exploratory structural equation models, with height-for-age at 24 mo as the outcome to derive factors, and path analysis to estimate relations among a wide set of social and biological variables common to the 4 sites.
   Results: The prevalence of stunting at 24 mo ranged from 14.0% in Brazil to 67.7% in the Philippines. Maternal height and birthweight were strongly predictive of height-for-age at 24 mo in all 4 sites (all P values < 0.001). Three social-environmental factors, which we characterized as "child circumstances," "family socioeconomic status," and "community facilities," were identified in all sites. Each social-environmental factor was also strongly predictive of height-for-age at 24 mo (all P values < 0.001), with some relations partly mediated through birthweight. The biological pathways accounted for 59% of the total explained variance and the social-environmental pathways accounted for 41%. The resulting path coefficients were broadly similar across the 4 sites.
   Conclusions: Early child growth faltering is determined by both biological and social factors. Maternal height, itself a marker of intergenerational deprivation, strongly influences child height at 2 y, including indirect effects through birthweight and social factors. However, concurrent social factors, many of which are modifiable, directly and indirectly contribute to child growth. This study highlights opportunities for interventions that address both biological and social determinants over the long and short term.
C1 [Richter, Linda M.; Orkin, F. Mark; Norris, Shane A.] Univ Witwatersrand, DST NRF Ctr Excellence Human Dev, Johannesburg, South Africa.
   [Orkin, F. Mark; Norris, Shane A.; Stein, Aryeh D.] Univ Witwatersrand, MRC Wits Dev Pathways Hlth Res Unit, Fac Hlth Sci, Johannesburg, South Africa.
   [Roman, Gabriela D.] Univ Cambridge, Inst Criminol, Cambridge, England.
   [Dahly, Darren L.] Univ Coll Cork, HRB Clin Res Facil Cork, Cork, Ireland.
   [Horta, Bernardo L.] Univ Fed Pelotas, Ctr Epidemiol Res, Pelotas, Brazil.
   [Bhargava, Santosh K.] Sunder Lal Jain Hosp, New Delhi, India.
   [Stein, Aryeh D.] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Hubert Dept Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.
RP Richter, LM (reprint author), Univ Witwatersrand, DST NRF Ctr Excellence Human Dev, Johannesburg, South Africa.
EM linda.richter@wits.ac.za
RI Horta, Bernardo/A-7604-2008
OI Horta, Bernardo/0000-0001-9843-412X
FU Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation [OPP1164115]; Wellcome Trust; Indian
   Council of Medical Research; US National Center for Health Statistics;
   Medical Research Council (United Kingdom); British Heart Foundation; US
   NIH; Human Sciences Research Council; South African Medical Research
   Council; University of the Witwatersrand; DST-NRF Centre of Excellence
   in Human Development
FX The analysis in this paper was supported by a Bill and Melinda Gates
   Foundation grant to COHORTS (OPP1164115). Funding for the individual
   cohorts was as follows: Pelotas Birth Cohort (Brazil): Wellcome Trust;
   New Delhi Birth Cohort Study (India): Indian Council of Medical
   Research, US National Center for Health Statistics, Medical Research
   Council (United Kingdom), and British Heart Foundation; Cebu
   Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Study (the Philippines): US NIH; Birth
   to Twenty (South Africa): Wellcome Trust, Human Sciences Research
   Council, South African Medical Research Council, University of the
   Witwatersrand, and the DST-NRF Centre of Excellence in Human
   Development.
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NR 37
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 0022-3166
EI 1541-6100
J9 J NUTR
JI J. Nutr.
PD AUG
PY 2018
VL 148
IS 8
BP 1364
EP 1371
DI 10.1093/jn/nxy101
PG 8
WC Nutrition & Dietetics
SC Nutrition & Dietetics
GA GQ0YM
UT WOS:000441347500020
PM 30011008
OA Bronze
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Nery, SV
   Bennett, I
   Clarke, NE
   Lin, A
   Rahman, Z
   Rahman, M
   Clements, ACA
AF Nery, Susana Vaz
   Bennett, Isaac
   Clarke, Naomi E.
   Lin, Audrie
   Rahman, Ziaur
   Rahman, Mahbubur
   Clements, Archie C. A.
TI Characterisation of environmental enteropathy biomarkers and associated
   risk factors in children in the context of a WASH trial in Timor-Leste
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYGIENE AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
LA English
DT Article
DE Environmental enteropathy; Water,sanitation and hygiene (WASH);
   Soil-transmitted helminths
ID ENTERIC DYSFUNCTION; FECAL MARKERS; INTESTINAL PERMEABILITY; IMPAIRED
   GROWTH; BIRTH COHORT; INFANTS; BANGLADESH; ALPHA-1-ANTITRYPSIN;
   MALABSORPTION; FRAMEWORK
AB Environmental enteropathy (EE) is characterised by subclinical inflammation and hyperpermeability of the small intestine, hypothesised to be caused by recurrent ingestion of faecal bacteria. It has been suggested that EE may be a contributor to malnutrition and growth delays seen in children living in unsanitary conditions. We measured putative faecal EE markers myeloperoxidase (MPO) (ng/mL) and alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) (mg/g) in stool samples collected from 133 children aged 1-5 years in 16 communities enrolled in the WASH for WORMS randomised controlled trial in Timor-Leste. Samples were collected two years after a community-wide water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) intervention that was integrated with regular deworming. Mixed effects multivariable linear regression models were used to examine the impact of the study intervention and of various WASH and infection-related factors on EE biomarkers. Children who lived in communities that received both the WASH intervention and deworming had similar AAT values as those who lived in communities that received only deworming (regression coefficient -0.14, p = 0.583), but they had a trend towards lower MPO values (coeff -0.51, p = 0.055). Younger children showed significantly higher MPO levels (coeff: -0.29, p = 0.002). No WASH variables or parasitic infections were associated with AAT levels. Household water being stored in covered containers was associated with lower MPO levels (coeff -1.75, p = 0.046). We found little evidence that a community-based WASH intervention had an impact on EE over a two-year period.
C1 [Nery, Susana Vaz; Bennett, Isaac; Clarke, Naomi E.; Clements, Archie C. A.] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Populat Hlth, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
   [Lin, Audrie] Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Rahman, Ziaur; Rahman, Mahbubur] Int Ctr Diarrheal Dis Res Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
   [Nery, Susana Vaz] Univ New South Wales, Kirby Inst, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
   [Clements, Archie C. A.] Curtin Univ, Fac Hlth Sci, Perth, WA, Australia.
RP Nery, SV (reprint author), Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Populat Hlth, Canberra, ACT, Australia.; Nery, SV (reprint author), Univ New South Wales, Kirby Inst, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
EM snery@kirby.unsw.edu.au
OI Clarke, Naomi/0000-0003-1894-8185
FU Australian National Health and Research Council (NHMRC)
FX We would like to thank the residents of the Manufahi District for their
   participation in the study and Stephen Luby for input on earlier
   versions of this manuscript. We also acknowledge James McCarthy, Stacey
   Llewellyn and Rebecca Traub for their contributions to the WASH for
   WORMS trial, particularly STH and protozoa diagnosis. The WASH for WORMS
   study was funded by a Partnership for Better Health Project grant from
   the Australian National Health and Research Council (NHMRC). ACAC holds
   a NHMRC Senior Research Fellowship.
CR Arndt MB, 2016, AM J TROP MED HYG, V95, P694, DOI 10.4269/ajtmh.16-0098
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NR 39
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 3
U2 3
PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG
PI JENA
PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY
SN 1438-4639
EI 1618-131X
J9 INT J HYG ENVIR HEAL
JI Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health.
PD JUL
PY 2018
VL 221
IS 6
BP 901
EP 906
DI 10.1016/j.ijheh.2018.05.012
PG 6
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases
GA GP3SE
UT WOS:000440772700006
PM 29891218
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Dwarkanath, P
   Vasudevan, A
   Thomas, T
   Anand, SS
   Desai, D
   Gupta, M
   Menezes, G
   Kurpad, AV
   Srinivasan, K
AF Dwarkanath, Pratibha
   Vasudevan, Anil
   Thomas, Tinku
   Anand, Sonia S.
   Desai, Dipika
   Gupta, Milan
   Menezes, Gladys
   Kurpad, Anura V.
   Srinivasan, Krishnamachari
TI Socio-economic, environmental and nutritional characteristics of urban
   and rural South Indian women in early pregnancy: findings from the South
   Asian Birth Cohort (START)
SO PUBLIC HEALTH NUTRITION
LA English
DT Article
DE Urban-rural geographic location; Hygiene and environment; Education;
   Macronutrients and pregnancy
ID MATERNAL NUTRITION; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; PRETERM BIRTH; WEIGHT-GAIN; SIZE;
   QUESTIONNAIRE; PARITY
AB Objective: High frequency of low birth weight (LBW) is observed in rural compared with urban Indian women. Since maternal BMI is known to be associated with pregnancy outcomes, the present study aimed to investigate factors associated with BMI in early pregnancy of urban and rural South Indian women.
   Design: Prospective observational cohort.
   Setting: A hospital-based study conducted at an urban and a rural health centre in Karnataka State.
   Subjects: Pregnant women (n 843) aged 18-40 years recruited in early pregnancy from whom detailed sociodemographic, environmental, anthropometric and dietary intake information was collected.
   Results: A high proportion of low BMI (32 v. 26%, P<0.000) and anaemia (48 v. 23 %, P<0.000) was observed in the rural v. the urban cohort. Rural women were younger, had lower body weight, tended to be shorter and less educated. They lived in poor housing conditions, had less access to piped water and good sanitation, used unrefined fuel for cooking and had lower standard of living score. The age (beta=0.21, 95% CI 0.14, 0.29), education level of their spouse (beta=1.36, 95% CI 0.71, 2.71) and fat intake (beta=1.24, 95% CI 0.20, 2.28) were positively associated with BMI in urban women.
   Conclusions: Our findings indicate that risk factors associated with BMI in early pregnancy are different in rural and urban settings. It is important to study population-specific risk factors in relation to perinatal health.
C1 [Dwarkanath, Pratibha; Kurpad, Anura V.] St Johns Res Inst, Div Nutr, Bangalore 560034, Karnataka, India.
   [Vasudevan, Anil] St Johns Med Coll Hosp, Dept Pediat Nephrol, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
   [Thomas, Tinku] St Johns Res Inst, Dept Biostat & Epidemiol, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
   [Anand, Sonia S.; Desai, Dipika; Gupta, Milan] McMaster Univ, Populat Hlth Res Inst, Hamilton Hlth Sci, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
   [Menezes, Gladys] Snehalaya Mission Hosp, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
   [Srinivasan, Krishnamachari] St Johns Med Coll Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Bangalore 560034, Karnataka, India.
RP Srinivasan, K (reprint author), St Johns Med Coll Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Bangalore 560034, Karnataka, India.
EM srinivasanstjohns@gmail.com
FU Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
   [58/4/3/ICMR-CIHR/2009-NCD-II]
FX This study was supported by the Indian Council of Medical Research, New
   Delhi, India (grant number 58/4/3/ICMR-CIHR/2009-NCD-II). The funder had
   no role in the design, analysis or writing of this article.
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NR 33
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND
SN 1368-9800
EI 1475-2727
J9 PUBLIC HEALTH NUTR
JI Public Health Nutr.
PD JUN
PY 2018
VL 21
IS 8
BP 1554
EP 1564
DI 10.1017/S1368980017004025
PG 11
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics
GA GF7WR
UT WOS:000432179600018
PM 29400265
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Vasan, SK
   Roy, A
   Samuel, VT
   Antonisamy, B
   Bhargava, SK
   Alex, AG
   Singh, B
   Osmond, C
   Geethanjali, FS
   Karpe, F
   Sachdev, H
   Agrawal, K
   Ramakrishnan, L
   Tandon, N
   Thomas, N
   Premkumar, PS
   Asaithambi, P
   Princy, SFX
   Sinha, S
   Paul, TV
   Prabhakaran, D
   Fall, CHD
AF Vasan, Senthil K.
   Roy, Ambuj
   Samuel, Viji Thomson
   Antonisamy, Belavendra
   Bhargava, Santosh K.
   Alex, Anoop George
   Singh, Bhaskar
   Osmond, Clive
   Geethanjali, Finney S.
   Karpe, Fredrik
   Sachdev, Harshpal
   Agrawal, Kanhaiya
   Ramakrishnan, Lakshmy
   Tandon, Nikhil
   Thomas, Nihal
   Premkumar, Prasanna S.
   Asaithambi, Prrathepa
   Princy, Sneha F. X.
   Sinha, Sikha
   Paul, Thomas Vizhalil
   Prabhakaran, Dorairaj
   Fall, Caroline H. D.
TI IndEcho study: cohort study investigating birth size, childhood growth
   and young adult cardiovascular risk factors as predictors of midlife
   myocardial structure and function in South Asians
SO BMJ OPEN
LA English
DT Article
ID LEFT-VENTRICULAR MASS; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; PUNE MATERNAL NUTRITION;
   INTIMA-MEDIA THICKNESS; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; INDIAN ADULTS; ARTERIAL
   COMPLIANCE; GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; FUTURE-DIRECTIONS; UNITED-KINGDOM
AB Introduction South Asians have high rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidaemia and central obesity). Left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy and dysfunction are features of these disorders and important predictors of CVD mortality. Lower birth and infant weight and greater childhood weight gain are associated with increased adult CVD mortality, but there are few data on their relationship to LV function. The IndEcho study will examine associations of birth size, growth during infancy, childhood and adolescence and CVD risk factors in young adulthood with midlife cardiac structure and function in South Asian Indians.
   Methods and analysis We propose to study approximately 3000 men and women aged 43-50 years from two birth cohorts established in 1969-1973: the New Delhi Birth Cohort (n=1508) and Vellore Birth Cohort (n=2156). They had serial measurements of weight and height from birth to early adulthood. CVD risk markers (body composition, blood pressure, glucose tolerance and lipids) and lifestyle characteristics (tobacco and alcohol consumption, physical activity, socioeconomic status) were assessed at age similar to 30 years. Clinical measurements in IndEcho will include anthropometry, blood pressure, biochemistry (glucose, fasting insulin and lipids, urinary albumin/creatinine ratio) and body composition by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and bioelectrical impedance. Outcomes are LV mass and indices of LV systolic and diastolic function assessed by two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography, carotid intimal-media thickness and ECG indicators of ischaemia. Regression and conditional growth models, adjusted for potential confounders, will be used to study associations of childhood and young adult exposures with these cardiovascular outcomes.
   Ethics and dissemination The study has been approved by the Health Ministry Steering Committee, Government of India and institutional ethics committees of participating centres in India and the University of Southampton, UK. Results will be disseminated through scientific meetings and peer-reviewed journals.
C1 [Vasan, Senthil K.; Osmond, Clive; Fall, Caroline H. D.] Univ Southampton, Southampton Gen Hosp, MRC Lifecourse Epidemiol Unit, Southampton, Hants, England.
   [Vasan, Senthil K.; Karpe, Fredrik] Univ Oxford, Radcliffe Dept Med, Oxford Ctr Diabet Endocrinol & Metab, Oxford, England.
   [Roy, Ambuj; Prabhakaran, Dorairaj] Ctr Chron Dis Control, New Delhi, India.
   [Roy, Ambuj; Ramakrishnan, Lakshmy; Tandon, Nikhil] All India Inst Med Sci, Dept Cardiol, New Delhi, India.
   [Samuel, Viji Thomson; Antonisamy, Belavendra; Alex, Anoop George; Geethanjali, Finney S.; Agrawal, Kanhaiya; Thomas, Nihal; Premkumar, Prasanna S.; Asaithambi, Prrathepa; Princy, Sneha F. X.; Paul, Thomas Vizhalil] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Cardiol, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [Samuel, Viji Thomson; Antonisamy, Belavendra; Alex, Anoop George; Geethanjali, Finney S.; Agrawal, Kanhaiya; Thomas, Nihal; Premkumar, Prasanna S.; Asaithambi, Prrathepa; Princy, Sneha F. X.; Paul, Thomas Vizhalil] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Biostat, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [Samuel, Viji Thomson; Antonisamy, Belavendra; Alex, Anoop George; Geethanjali, Finney S.; Agrawal, Kanhaiya; Thomas, Nihal; Premkumar, Prasanna S.; Asaithambi, Prrathepa; Princy, Sneha F. X.; Paul, Thomas Vizhalil] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Endocrinol, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [Samuel, Viji Thomson; Antonisamy, Belavendra; Alex, Anoop George; Geethanjali, Finney S.; Agrawal, Kanhaiya; Thomas, Nihal; Premkumar, Prasanna S.; Asaithambi, Prrathepa; Princy, Sneha F. X.; Paul, Thomas Vizhalil] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Clin Biochem, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [Bhargava, Santosh K.; Singh, Bhaskar] Sunder Lal Jain Hosp, Dept Paediat, New Delhi, India.
   [Sachdev, Harshpal; Sinha, Sikha] Sitaram Bhartia Inst Sci & Res, Dept Paediat, New Delhi, India.
   [Prabhakaran, Dorairaj] Publ Hlth Fdn India, New Delhi, India.
RP Fall, CHD (reprint author), Univ Southampton, Southampton Gen Hosp, MRC Lifecourse Epidemiol Unit, Southampton, Hants, England.
EM chdf@mrc.soton.ac.uk
OI Osmond, Clive/0000-0002-9054-4655
FU National Center for Health Statistics, USA; Indian Council of Medical
   Research; British Heart Foundation; British Heart Foundation Clinical
   Research Grant [CRM: 0022324]; UK Medical Research Council (MRC); UK
   Department for International Development (DFID) under the MRC/DFID
   Concordat
FX The original cohort studies were supported by the National Center for
   Health Statistics, USA and the Indian Council of Medical Research. The
   two earlier follow-up studies in young adult life were supported by the
   British Heart Foundation. The IndEcho study is supported by British
   Heart Foundation Clinical Research Grant, no. CRM: 0022324. Professor
   Fall's work on the study is supported by the UK Medical Research Council
   (MRC) and the UK Department for International Development (DFID) under
   the MRC/DFID Concordat.
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NR 68
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 2
PU BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND
SN 2044-6055
J9 BMJ OPEN
JI BMJ Open
PD APR
PY 2018
VL 8
IS 4
AR e019675
DI 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019675
PG 10
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA GJ3FT
UT WOS:000435176700084
PM 29643156
OA DOAJ Gold
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Syed, S
   Iqbal, NT
   Sadiq, K
   Ma, JNZ
   Akhund, T
   Xin, WJ
   Moore, SR
   Liu, EJ
   Qureshi, S
   Gosselin, K
   Gewirtz, A
   Duggan, CP
   Ali, SA
AF Syed, Sana
   Iqbal, Najeeha T.
   Sadiq, Kamran
   Ma, Jennie Z.
   Akhund, Tauseef
   Xin, Wenjun
   Moore, Sean R.
   Liu, Enju
   Qureshi, Shahida
   Gosselin, Kerri
   Gewirtz, Andrew
   Duggan, Christopher P.
   Ali, S. Asad
TI Serum anti-flagellin and anti-lipopolysaccharide immunoglobulins as
   predictors of linear growth faltering in Pakistani infants at risk for
   environmental enteric dysfunction
SO PLOS ONE
LA English
DT Article
ID PROINFLAMMATORY RESPONSE; BACTERIAL FLAGELLIN; ENTEROPATHY;
   PERMEABILITY; INFLAMMATION; INFECTIONS; INNATE; INDUCE
AB Background
   Environmental Enteric Dysfunction (EED) in children from low-income countries has been linked to linear growth declines. There is a critical need to identify sensitive and early EED biomarkers.
   Objective
   Determine whether levels of antibodies against bacterial components flagellin (flic) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) predict poor growth.
   Design/Methods
   In a prospective birth cohort of 380 children in rural Pakistan blood and stool samples were obtained at ages 6 and 9 months. Linear mixed effects models were used to examine longitudinal associations between quartiles of anti-flic and anti-LPS antibodies and changes in LAZ, WAZ and WLZ scores. Spearman's correlations were measured between anti-flic and anti-LPS immunoglobulins with measures of systemic/enteric inflammation and intestinal regeneration.
   Results
   Anti-LPS IgA correlated significantly with CRP, AGP and Reg1 serum at 6mo and with MPO at 9mo. In multivariate analysis at 6mo of age, higher anti-LPS IgA levels predicted greater declines in LAZ scores over subsequent 18mo (comparing highest to lowest quartile, beta (SE) change in LAZ score/year = -0.313 (0.125), p-value = 0.013). Anti-flic Ig A in the two highest quartiles measured at 9mo of age had declines in LAZ of -0.269 (0.126), p = 0.033; and -0.306 (0.129), p = 0.018 respectively, during the subsequent 18mo of life, compared to those in the lowest quartile of anti-flic IgA.
   Conclusions and relevance
   Elevated anti-flic IgA and anti-LPS IgA antibodies at 6 and 9mo, predict declines in linear growth. Systemic and enteric inflammation correlated with anti-LPS IgA provides mechanistic considerations for potential future interventions.
C1 [Syed, Sana; Moore, Sean R.] Univ Virginia, Dept Pediat, Charlottesville, VA USA.
   [Syed, Sana; Iqbal, Najeeha T.; Sadiq, Kamran; Akhund, Tauseef; Qureshi, Shahida; Ali, S. Asad] Aga Khan Univ, Dept Pediat, Karachi, Pakistan.
   [Syed, Sana; Liu, Enju; Gosselin, Kerri; Duggan, Christopher P.] Boston Childrens Hosp, Div Gastroenterol Hepatol & Nutr, Boston, MA USA.
   [Ma, Jennie Z.; Xin, Wenjun] Univ Virginia, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Charlottesville, VA USA.
   [Gewirtz, Andrew] Georgia State Univ, Ctr Inflammat Immun & Infect, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA.
   [Duggan, Christopher P.] Harvard TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Global Hlth, Boston, MA USA.
   [Duggan, Christopher P.] Harvard TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Populat, Boston, MA USA.
   [Duggan, Christopher P.] Harvard TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Nutr, Boston, MA USA.
RP Ali, SA (reprint author), Aga Khan Univ, Dept Pediat, Karachi, Pakistan.
EM asad.ali@aku.edu
OI Moore, Sean/0000-0003-1150-6632; Syed, Sana/0000-0003-0954-0583
FU Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation [OPP1066200, OPP1066203]
FX This work was supported by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation Grant
   OPP1066200 to AA and OPP1066203 to CPD. The funder had no role in study
   design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish,or preparation
   of the manuscript.
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NR 25
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA
SN 1932-6203
J9 PLOS ONE
JI PLoS One
PD MAR 6
PY 2018
VL 13
IS 3
AR e0193768
DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0193768
PG 13
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA FY4RM
UT WOS:000426813200029
PM 29509790
OA DOAJ Gold
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Campbell, RK
   Schulze, KJ
   Shaikh, S
   Raqib, R
   Wu, LSF
   Ali, H
   Mehra, S
   West, KP
   Christian, P
AF Campbell, Rebecca K.
   Schulze, Kerry J.
   Shaikh, Saijuddin
   Raqib, Rubhana
   Wu, Lee S. F.
   Ali, Hasmot
   Mehra, Sucheta
   West, Keith P., Jr.
   Christian, Parul
TI Environmental enteric dysfunction and systemic inflammation predict
   reduced weight but not length gain in rural Bangladeshi children
SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
LA English
DT Article
DE Enteropathy; Intestinal health; Linear growth; Stunting; Early
   childhood; South Asia
ID INTESTINAL BARRIER FUNCTION; CLUSTER-RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; ED BIRTH COHORT;
   INFANT-MORTALITY; VITAMIN-A; TROPICAL ENTEROPATHY; MALAWIAN CHILDREN;
   GAMBIAN CHILDREN; FECAL BIOMARKERS; GIARDIA-LAMBLIA
AB Environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) and systemic inflammation (SI) are common in developing countries and may cause stunting. In Bangladesh, >40% of preschool children are stunted, but EED and SI contributions are unknown. We aimed to determine the impact of EED and SI (assessed with multiple indicators) on growth in children (n 539) enrolled in a community-based randomised food supplementation trial in rural Bangladesh. EED was defined with faecal myeloperoxidase, alpha-1 antitrypsin and neopterin and serum endotoxin core antibody and glucagon-like peptide-2, consolidated into gut inflammation (GI) and permeability (GP) scores, and urinary lactulose: mannitol alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (AGP) characterised SI. Biomarker associations with anthropometry (15-, 18- and 24-month length-for-age (LAZ), weight-for-length (WLZ) and weight-for-age (WAZ) z scores) were examined in pairwise correlations and adjusted mixed-effects regressions. Stunting, wasting and underweight prevalence at 18 months were 45, 15 and 37 %, respectively, with elevated EED and SI markers common. EED and SI were not associated with 15-24-month length trajectory. Elevated (worse) GI and GP scores predicted reduced 18-24-month WLZ change (beta -0.01 (SE 0.00) z score/month for both). Elevated GP was also associated with reduced 15-18-month WLZ change (beta -0.03 (SE 0.01) z score/month) and greater 15-month WLZ (beta 0.16 (SE 0.05)). Higher AGP was associated with reduced prior and increased subsequent WLZ change (beta -0.04 (SE 0.01) and beta 0.02 (SE 0.00) z score/month for 15-18 and 18-24 months). The hypothesised link from EED to stunting was not observed in this sample of Bangladeshi 18-month-olds, but the effects of EED on constrained weight gain may have consequences for later linear growth or for other health and development outcomes.
C1 [Campbell, Rebecca K.; Schulze, Kerry J.; Shaikh, Saijuddin; Wu, Lee S. F.; Ali, Hasmot; Mehra, Sucheta; West, Keith P., Jr.; Christian, Parul] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Ctr Human Nutr, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA.
   [Shaikh, Saijuddin; Ali, Hasmot] JiVitA Project, Gaibandha, Bangladesh.
   [Raqib, Rubhana] Icddr B, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh.
RP Schulze, KJ (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Ctr Human Nutr, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA.
EM kschulz1@jhu.edu
FU United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Institute of
   Food and Agriculture's Food Aid Nutrition Enhancement Program
   [2010-38418-21732]; National Institutes of Health (NIH) [R21HD081503];
   Johns Hopkins Sight and Life Global Nutrition Research Institute
FX This work was supported by the United States Department of Agriculture
   (USDA) National Institute of Food and Agriculture's Food Aid Nutrition
   Enhancement Program (2010-38418-21732); National Institutes of Health
   (NIH) (R21HD081503); and Johns Hopkins Sight and Life Global Nutrition
   Research Institute. USDA, NIH and Johns Hopkins Sight and Life Global
   Nutrition Research Institute had no role in the design, analysis or
   writing of this article.
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NR 48
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 4
U2 4
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND
SN 0007-1145
EI 1475-2662
J9 BRIT J NUTR
JI Br. J. Nutr.
PD FEB 28
PY 2018
VL 119
IS 4
BP 407
EP 414
DI 10.1017/S0007114517003683
PG 8
WC Nutrition & Dietetics
SC Nutrition & Dietetics
GA FY2RC
UT WOS:000426662500006
PM 29498344
OA Bronze
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Krishnaveni, GV
   Jones, A
   Veena, SR
   Somashekara, R
   Karat, SC
   Fall, CHD
AF Krishnaveni, G. V.
   Jones, A.
   Veena, S. R.
   Somashekara, R.
   Karat, S. C.
   Fall, C. H. D.
TI Adiposity and Cortisol Response to Stress in Indian Adolescents
SO INDIAN PEDIATRICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Obesity; Trier Social Stress Test-Children; Stress response;
   Waist-to-hip ratio
ID INSULIN-RESISTANCE; BIRTH COHORT; CHILDREN; REACTIVITY; OBESITY
AB We examined associations of different adiposity measures with cortisol responses during the Trier Social Stress Test for children (TSST-C).
   Descriptive study.
   Holdsworth Memorial Hospital, Mysore, India.
   Adolescents aged 13.5y from a birth cohort were recruited (N=269, 133 boys).
   The stressor (TSST-C) was 5-minutes each of public speaking and mental arithmetic tasks in front of two unfamiliar 'judges'. Salivary cortisol concentrations were measured at baseline and at regular intervals after TSST-C. Weight, height, sub scapular and triceps skinfold thickness, and waist and hip circumference were measured, and percentage body fat was estimated (fat%; bioimpedance). Body mass index (BMI) and Waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were calculated. All variables were converted into within-cohort SD scores before analysis. Stressinduced change in cortisol concentrations from baseline (cortisol response) was examined in relation to adiposity.
   Stress increased cortisol concentrations significantly from baseline (mean (SD): 5.5 (6.4) ng/mL; P < 0.001). Higher WHR was associated with lower cortisol response at 20 and 30-minutes after stress (similar to 0.13 SD decrease in cortisol response per SD higher WHR, P < 0.05). Higher fat% was also associated with lower cortisol response only in girls 20-minutes post-stress (0.23 SD lower response per SD higher fat%, P=0.004). Sum of skinfold thickness and BMI were not associated with cortisol responses.
   Abdominal adiposity is associated with reduced hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis reactivity to stress in this adolescent population.
C1 [Krishnaveni, G. V.; Veena, S. R.; Somashekara, R.; Karat, S. C.] CSI Holdsworth Mem Hosp, Epidemiol Res Unit, Mysore, Karnataka, India.
   [Jones, A.] Univ Oxford, Dept Pediat, Oxford, England.
   [Fall, C. H. D.] Univ Southampton, MRC Lifecourse Epidemiol Unit, Southampton, Hants, England.
RP Krishnaveni, GV (reprint author), CSI Holdsworth Mem Hosp, Mysore 570021, Karnataka, India.
EM gv.krishnaveni@gmail.com
FU Parthenon Trust, Switzerland; Welcome Trust, UK; Medical Research
   Council, UK
FX Parthenon Trust, Switzerland; Welcome Trust, UK; and Medical Research
   Council, UK.
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NR 24
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU SPRINGER INDIA
PI NEW DELHI
PA 7TH FLOOR, VIJAYA BUILDING, 17, BARAKHAMBA ROAD, NEW DELHI, 110 001,
   INDIA
SN 0019-6061
EI 0974-7559
J9 INDIAN PEDIATR
JI Indian Pediatrics
PD FEB
PY 2018
VL 55
IS 2
BP 125
EP 130
AR PII S097475591600097
DI 10.1007/s13312-018-1244-1
PG 6
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA GG9VP
UT WOS:000433049500007
PM 29242410
OA Bronze
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Bozack, AK
   Cardenas, A
   Quamruzzaman, Q
   Rahman, M
   Mostofa, G
   Christiani, DC
   Kile, ML
AF Bozack, Anne K.
   Cardenas, Andres
   Quamruzzaman, Quazi
   Rahman, Mahmuder
   Mostofa, Golam
   Christiani, David C.
   Kile, Molly L.
TI DNA methylation in cord blood as mediator of the association between
   prenatal arsenic exposure and gestational age
SO EPIGENETICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Arsenic; DNA methylation; epigenetics; Illumina 450K; in utero exposure;
   environmental epigenetics; fetal programming; mediation
ID CPG ISLAND METHYLATION; IN-UTERO; GENE-EXPRESSION; PREGNANCY; DISEASE;
   BIRTH; NONNORMALITY; RECURRENCE; DISCOVERY; INFECTION
AB Prenatal arsenic exposure is associated with adverse birth outcomes and disease risk later in life, which could be mediated through epigenetic dysregulation. We evaluated the association between arsenic and gestational age (GA) that was mediated through DNA methylation (DNAm) using data from a Bangladeshi birth cohort. Arsenic exposure was measured in maternal drinking water at 16weeks GA and maternal toenails collected 1month postpartum. Cord blood DNAm was measured using Infinium HumanMethylation450 arrays (n=44, discovery phase). Top loci identified in the discovery phase were then pyrosequenced in a second group (n=569, validation phase). Structural equation models (SEM) evaluated the direct and indirect effects of arsenic and DNAm on GA. In the discovery phase, arsenic was associated with differential DNAm of 139 loci that were associated with GA (P<1.10X10(-6); vertical bar beta regression vertical bar>0.10). Each doubling in water arsenic concentration decreased GA by 2days, which was fully mediated through the main principal component of the top-ten CpGs (P<0.001). In the validation phase, there were direct and indirect effects of miR214-3 and MCC DNAm on GA. In an adjusted SEM model, mediation of the association between arsenic and GA by miR124-3 was borderline significant (P=0.061). This study therefore identified DNAm at specific loci in cord blood that mediated the effect of arsenic exposure on GA. Specifically, prenatal arsenic exposure was associated with lower methylation of miR124-3 that mediated the exposure-response of arsenic on GA. Future research should evaluate if these epigenetic changes are persistent and associated with disease risk.
C1 [Bozack, Anne K.] Columbia Univ, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, New York, NY USA.
   [Cardenas, Andres] Harvard Med Sch, Dept Populat Med, Boston, MA USA.
   [Cardenas, Andres] Harvard Pilgrim Hlth Care Inst, Boston, MA USA.
   [Quamruzzaman, Quazi; Rahman, Mahmuder; Mostofa, Golam] Dhaka Community Hosp, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
   [Christiani, David C.] Harvard TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA USA.
   [Kile, Molly L.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Publ Hlth & Human Sci, Sch Biol & Populat Hlth Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
RP Kile, ML (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Publ Hlth & Human Sci, 101 Milam Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
EM Molly.Kile@OregonState.edu
OI Cardenas, Andres/0000-0003-2284-3298
FU US National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) [R01
   ES015533, R01 ES023441, P42 ES010349, F31ES029019]; National Center for
   Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) [TL1 TR001875]
FX This work was supported by the US National Institute of Environmental
   Health Sciences (NIEHS) grants R01 ES015533, R01 ES023441, P42 ES010349,
   and F31ES029019, and the National Center for Advancing Translational
   Sciences (NCATS) grant TL1 TR001875.
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NR 62
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 1559-2294
EI 1559-2308
J9 EPIGENETICS-US
JI Epigenetics
PY 2018
VL 13
IS 9
BP 923
EP 940
DI 10.1080/15592294.2018.1516453
PG 18
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity
GA HA7FC
UT WOS:000450445600003
PM 30175652
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Nandi, A
   Behrman, JR
   Kinra, S
   Laxminarayan, R
AF Nandi, Arindam
   Behrman, Jere R.
   Kinra, Sanjay
   Laxminarayan, Ramanan
TI Early-Life Nutrition Is Associated Positively with Schooling and Labor
   Market Outcomes and Negatively with Marriage Rates at Age 20-25 Years:
   Evidence from the Andhra Pradesh Children and Parents Study (APCAPS) in
   India
SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
LA English
DT Article
DE India; APCAPS; ICDS; fetal origins; child development
ID MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES; EARLY-CHILDHOOD NUTRITION; 5 BIRTH COHORTS;
   PROPENSITY SCORE; ECONOMIC PRODUCTIVITY; GUATEMALAN ADULTS; WEIGHT-GAIN;
   GROWTH; CONSEQUENCES; PROGRAM
AB Background: India's Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) is among the world's largest public nutritional programs, providing daily nutritional supplements and other public health and educational services to pregnant and nursing women, children aged < 6 y, and adolescent girls.
   Objective: We estimated the long-term association between early-childhood ICDS nutrition and adult outcomes.
   Methods: We used follow-up data from a controlled nutritional trial conducted during 1987-1990 in 29 villages near the city of Hyderabad. In 15 intervention villages, a balanced protein-calorie supplement-made from locally available cornsoya ingredients and called upma-was offered to pregnant women and to children < 6 y old. No supplement was offered in the 14 control villages. During 2010-2012, adults born during the trial were re-surveyed (n = 715 in the intervention arm and n = 645 in the control arm). We used probit regression and propensity score-matching methods to estimate the association between birth in an intervention village and rates of secondary and graduate education completion, marriage, and employment or enrollment in higher education of these adults.
   Results: Adults born in the intervention group during the trial, compared with the control group, were 9% (95% CI: 0.04, 0.14; P < 0.01) more likely to complete secondary school and 11% (95% CI: 0.06, 0.15; P < 0.01) more likely to complete graduate education, were 6% (95% CI: -0.11, -0.01; P < 0.05) less likely to be ever-married at age 20-25 y, and were 5% (95% CI: 0, 0.11; P < 0.05) more likely to be employed or enrolled in higher education. The estimated associations for graduate education completion and employment-study rates were greater for men, whereas the associations for secondary education and ever-married rates were greater for women.
   Conclusion: Exposure to nutritional supplement in utero or during the first 3 y of life was associated with improved adult educational and employment outcomes and lower marriage rates in India.
C1 [Nandi, Arindam] Univ Chicago, Tata Ctr Dev, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
   [Nandi, Arindam] Ctr Dis Dynam Econ & Policy, Washington, DC 20005 USA.
   [Behrman, Jere R.] Univ Penn, Dept Econ, 3718 Locust Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
   [Behrman, Jere R.] Univ Penn, Dept Sociol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
   [Behrman, Jere R.] Univ Penn, Ctr Populat Studies, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
   [Kinra, Sanjay] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London, England.
   [Laxminarayan, Ramanan] Ctr Dis Dynam Econ & Policy, New Delhi, India.
   [Laxminarayan, Ramanan] Princeton Univ, Princeton Environm Inst, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
RP Nandi, A (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Tata Ctr Dev, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.; Nandi, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Dynam Econ & Policy, Washington, DC 20005 USA.
EM anandi@uchicago.edu
FU Grand Challenges Canada through the Saving Brains project [0072-03]
FX Supported by Grand Challenges Canada through the Saving Brains project
   (grant 0072-03).
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NR 59
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA
SN 0022-3166
EI 1541-6100
J9 J NUTR
JI J. Nutr.
PD JAN
PY 2018
VL 148
IS 1
BP 140
EP 146
DI 10.1093/jn/nxx012
PG 7
WC Nutrition & Dietetics
SC Nutrition & Dietetics
GA FW5VA
UT WOS:000425386100021
PM 29378047
OA Bronze
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Praharaj, I
   Revathy, R
   Bandyopadhyay, R
   Benny, B
   Azharuddin, KOM
   Liu, J
   Houpt, ER
   Kang, G
AF Praharaj, Ira
   Revathy, R.
   Bandyopadhyay, Rini
   Benny, Blossom
   Azharuddin, Mohammed K. O.
   Liu, Jie
   Houpt, Eric R.
   Kang, Gagandeep
TI Enteropathogens and Gut Inflammation in Asymptomatic Infants and
   Children in Different Environments in Southern India
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE
LA English
DT Article
ID DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; ENTERIC PATHOGENS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; BIRTH COHORT;
   DIARRHEA; INFECTIONS; PREDICTORS; ETIOLOGY
AB Children in poor environmental conditions are exposed early and often to enteric pathogens, but within developing countries, heterogeneity in enteropathogen exposure in different settings and communities is rarely addressed. We tested fecal samples from healthy infants and children from two different environments in the same Indian town for gut enteropathogens and biomarkers of gut inflammation. A significantly higher proportion of infants and children from a poor semi-urban neighborhood (93%) had one or more enteropathogens than those from a medical college campus (71.7%). Infants and children from the poor neighborhood had an average of 3.3 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.9-3.7) enteropathogens compared with an average of 1.4 (95% CI: 1.0-1.7) enteropathogens in campus infants/children. Viral and bacterial infections, including enteroviruses, adenoviruses, Campylobacter spp., and diarrhegenic Escherichia coli were more common and fecal biomarkers of inflammation were higher in the poor neighborhood. The findings demonstrate significant difference in the asymptomatic carriage of gut enteropathogens and gut inflammatory biomarkers in infants and children from two different environments within the same town in south India.
C1 [Praharaj, Ira; Revathy, R.; Bandyopadhyay, Rini; Benny, Blossom; Azharuddin, Mohammed K. O.; Kang, Gagandeep] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Div Gastrointestinal Sci, Wellcome Trust Res Lab, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [Liu, Jie; Houpt, Eric R.] Univ Virginia, Div Infect Dis & Int Hlth, Charlottesville, VA USA.
RP Praharaj, I (reprint author), Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Wellcome Trust Res Lab, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India.
EM irapraharaj@cmcvellore.ac.in; revathigangana@gmail.com;
   rini_cmc@yahoo.com; blossombenny89@yahoo.com; azhar@cmcvellore.ac.in;
   jl5yj@eservices.virginia.edu; erh6k@hscmail.mcc.virginia.edu;
   gkang@cmcvellore.ac.in
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NR 21
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE
PI MCLEAN
PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA
SN 0002-9637
EI 1476-1645
J9 AM J TROP MED HYG
JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg.
PY 2018
VL 98
IS 2
BP 576
EP 580
DI 10.4269/ajtmh.17-0324
PG 5
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine
GA GE1BC
UT WOS:000430950800036
PM 29231154
OA Green Published, Other Gold
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Rahman, ML
   Liang, LM
   Valeri, L
   Su, L
   Zhu, ZZ
   Gao, SZ
   Mostofa, G
   Qamruzzaman, Q
   Hauser, R
   Baccarelli, A
   Christiani, DC
AF Rahman, Mohammad L.
   Liang, Liming
   Valeri, Linda
   Su, Li
   Zhu, Zhaozhong
   Gao, Shangzhi
   Mostofa, Golam
   Qamruzzaman, Qazi
   Hauser, Russ
   Baccarelli, Andrea
   Christiani, David C.
TI Regulation of birthweight by placenta-derived miRNAs: evidence from an
   arsenic-exposed birth cohort in Bangladesh
SO EPIGENETICS
LA English
DT Article
DE microRNA; placenta; birth weight; gestational age; epigenetics; arsenic;
   miR-1290; miR-195; miR-328
ID FETAL-GROWTH RESTRICTION; CIRCULATING MICRORNAS; RETROSPECTIVE COHORT;
   SEVERE PREECLAMPSIA; OXIDATIVE STRESS; MATERNAL ASTHMA; MESSENGER-RNAS;
   PRETERM BIRTH; EXPRESSION; PREGNANCY
AB Altered expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) is implicated in fetal growth. However, the mechanisms by which placenta-derived miRNAs regulate birthweight are not well understood. In Phase 1, we compared the expression of 754 miRNAs in the placenta of mothers from two extreme birthweight groups (0.8-2.2kg vs. 3.3-3.9kg, n=77 each) selected from an arsenic-exposed Bangladeshi birth cohort (n=1,141). We identified 49 miRNAs associated with the extreme birthweight groups and/or gestational age in Phase 1, which were further analyzed in Phase 2 among 364 randomly selected mother-infant pairs. Gestational age was determined by ultrasound. Causal mediation analysis was used to estimate the effect of miRNAs on birthweight considering gestational age a mediator, adjusting for core blood arsenic and other risk factors. miR-1290, miR-195, and let-7g showed significant inverse associations with gestational age, while miR-328 showed significant positive association [false discovery rate (FDR) <0.05]. Via changing gestational age, miR-1290, miR-195, and miR-27a showed significant inverse associations with birthweight, while miR-328 and miR-324-5p showed significant positive associations (FDR <0.05). The effect of miRNAs on birthweight varied by gestational age (for miR-1290, miR-195, miR-328) and in utero arsenic exposure (for miR-1290): stronger effect was observed among infants delivered early in gestation or exposed to higher concentrations of arsenic in cord blood. Gene enrichment analysis with in silico predicted targets identified cell proliferation, inflammation, apoptosis, insulin, and IGF family signaling cascades associated with these miRNAs. Future studies are warranted to replicate these findings and assess these miRNAs as early biomarkers of fetal growth.
C1 [Rahman, Mohammad L.; Su, Li; Zhu, Zhaozhong; Gao, Shangzhi; Hauser, Russ; Christiani, David C.] Harvard TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
   [Liang, Liming] Harvard TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA USA.
   [Valeri, Linda] McLean Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Belmont & Harvard Med Sch, Lab Psychiat Biostat, Boston, MA USA.
   [Mostofa, Golam; Qamruzzaman, Qazi] Dhaka Community Hosp Trust, Dept Med, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
   [Hauser, Russ; Christiani, David C.] Harvard TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA USA.
   [Baccarelli, Andrea] Columbia Univ, Dept Environm Hlth, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY USA.
RP Christiani, DC (reprint author), Harvard TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
EM dchris@hsph.harvard.edu
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NR 64
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 2
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 1559-2294
EI 1559-2308
J9 EPIGENETICS-US
JI Epigenetics
PY 2018
VL 13
IS 6
BP 573
EP 590
DI 10.1080/15592294.2018.1481704
PG 18
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity
GA GS7GG
UT WOS:000443868400001
PM 30099960
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Sharma, D
   Lal, P
   Pandey, A
AF Sharma, D.
   Lal, P.
   Pandey, A.
TI Developing synthetic birth cohort-specific smoking histories using
   Global Adult Tobacco Surveys - an example from India
SO TOBACCO INDUCED DISEASES
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 [Sharma, D.] Govt Med Coll Chandigarh, Chandigarh, India.
   [Lal, P.] Int Union TB & Lung Dis, New Delhi, India.
   [Pandey, A.] Union SEA Off, Delhi, India.
EM drdeepakpgimer@gmail.com
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU EUROPEAN PUBLISHING
PI HERAKLION
PA SCIENCE & TECHNOLGY PARK CRETE, (STEP-C), N PLASTIRA 100, VASSILIKA
   VOUTWN, HERAKLION, CRETE 00000, GREECE
SN 1617-9625
J9 TOB INDUC DIS
JI Tob. Induc. Dis.
PY 2018
VL 16
SU 1
MA PS-524-1
BP 10
EP 10
DI 10.18332/tid/84336
PG 1
WC Substance Abuse; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Substance Abuse; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA GF3IN
UT WOS:000431841800027
OA DOAJ Gold
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Syed, S
   Yeruva, S
   Herrmann, J
   Sailer, A
   Sadiq, K
   Iqbal, N
   Kabir, F
   Ahmed, K
   Qureshi, S
   Moore, SR
   Turner, J
   Ali, SA
AF Syed, Sana
   Yeruva, Sunil
   Herrmann, Jeremy
   Sailer, Anne
   Sadiq, Kamran
   Iqbal, Najeeha
   Kabir, Furqan
   Ahmed, Kumail
   Qureshi, Shahida
   Moore, Sean R.
   Turner, Jerrold
   Ali, S. Asad
TI Environmental Enteropathy in Undernourished Pakistani Children: Clinical
   and Histomorphometric Analyses
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE
LA English
DT Article
ID ENTERIC DYSFUNCTION; SMALL-INTESTINE; TROPICAL ENTEROPATHY; INFANTS;
   GROWTH; VITAMIN; MALABSORPTION; INFLAMMATION; DEFICIENCY; CHILDHOOD
AB Despite nutrition interventions, stunting thought to be secondary to underlying environmental enteropathy (EE) remains pervasive among infants residing in resource-poor countries and remains poorly characterized. From a birth cohort of 380 children, 65 malnourished infants received 12 weeks of nutritional supplementation with ready-to-use therapeutic food (RUTF). Eleven children with insufficient response to RUTF underwent upper endoscopy with duodenal biopsies, which were compared with U.S., age-matched specimens for healthy, celiac disease, non-celiac villous atrophy, non-celiac intraepithelial lymphocytosis, and graft-versus-host disease patients. Of the 11 children biopsied, EE was found in 10 (91%) with one subject with celiac disease. Morphometry demonstrated decreased villus-to-crypt (V:C) ratios in EE relative to healthy and non-celiac lymphocytosis patients. Environmental enteropathy villus volumes were significantly decreased relative to healthy controls. In EE, average CD3(+) cells per 100 epithelial cells and per 1,000 mu m(2) of lamina propria and the number of lamina propria CD20(+) B-cell aggregates were increased relative to all other groups. Our results indicate that V: C ratios are reduced in EE but are less severe than in celiac disease. Environmental enteropathy intraepithelial and lamina propria T lymphocytosis is of greater magnitude than that in celiac disease. The increases in lamina propria B and T lymphocytes suggest that non-cytolytic lymphocytic activation may be a more prominent feature of EE relative to celiac disease. These results provide new insights into shared yet distinct histological and immunological features of EE and celiac disease in children.
C1 [Syed, Sana; Sadiq, Kamran; Iqbal, Najeeha; Kabir, Furqan; Ahmed, Kumail; Qureshi, Shahida; Ali, S. Asad] Aga Khan Univ, Dept Paediat & Child Hlth, Stadium Rd Karachi,POB 3500, Karachi 74800, Pakistan.
   [Syed, Sana; Moore, Sean R.] Univ Virginia, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Div Gastroenterol, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA.
   [Syed, Sana; Yeruva, Sunil; Herrmann, Jeremy; Turner, Jerrold] Harvard Med Sch, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Pathol, Boston, MA USA.
   [Syed, Sana; Yeruva, Sunil; Herrmann, Jeremy; Turner, Jerrold] Harvard Med Sch, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Med, Boston, MA USA.
   [Syed, Sana; Turner, Jerrold] Harvard Med Sch, Boston Childrens Hosp, Boston, MA USA.
   [Sailer, Anne] Univ Chicago, Dept Pathol, 5841 S Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
   [Syed, Sana] Aga Khan Univ, Dept Paediat, Karachi, Pakistan.
   [Yeruva, Sunil] Harvard Med Sch, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Turner Lab, Boston, MA USA.
   [Herrmann, Jeremy] Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Lurie Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat, Chicago, IL 60611 USA.
   [Sailer, Anne] Rosalind Franklin Univ Med & Sci, Chicago Med Sch, Chicago, IL USA.
   [Iqbal, Najeeha] Aga Khan Univ, Dept Biol & Biomed Sci, Karachi, Pakistan.
   [Ahmed, Kumail] Aga Khan Univ, Dept Paediat & Child Hlth, Juma Lab, Infect Dis Res Lab, Karachi, Pakistan.
RP Ali, SA (reprint author), Aga Khan Univ, Dept Paediat & Child Hlth, Stadium Rd Karachi,POB 3500, Karachi 74800, Pakistan.; Turner, J (reprint author), Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Pathol, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115 USA.; Turner, J (reprint author), Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Med, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
EM sana.syed@virginia.edu; ysr143@gmail.com; jherrmann@luriechildrens.org;
   anne.sailer@my.rfums.org; kamran.sadiq@aku.ed; najeeha.iqbal@aku.edu;
   furqan.kabir@aku.edu; kumail.ahmed@aku.edu; shahida.qureshi@aku.edu;
   sean.moore@virginia.edu; jrturner@bwh.harvard.edu; asad.ali@aku.edu
FU Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation [OPP1066203]; U.S. National Institute of
   Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Disease [R01DK61931, R01DK68271,
   R24DK099803]
FX This work was supported by grants from the Bill & Melinda Gates
   Foundation (OPP1066203) and the U.S. National Institute of Diabetes,
   Digestive, and Kidney Disease (R01DK61931, R01DK68271, and R24DK099803).
CR Ali A, 2016, CURR OPIN GASTROEN, V32, P12, DOI 10.1097/MOG.0000000000000226
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NR 34
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE
PI MCLEAN
PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA
SN 0002-9637
EI 1476-1645
J9 AM J TROP MED HYG
JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg.
PY 2018
VL 98
IS 6
BP 1577
EP 1584
DI 10.4269/ajtmh.17-0306
PG 8
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine
GA GL4CN
UT WOS:000437095000008
PM 29611507
OA Other Gold
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Bennett, A
   Nagelkerke, N
   Heinsbroek, E
   Premkumar, PS
   Wnek, M
   Kang, G
   French, N
   Cunliffe, NA
   Bar-Zeev, N
   Lopman, B
   Iturriza-Gomara, M
AF Bennett, Aisleen
   Nagelkerke, Nico
   Heinsbroek, Ellen
   Premkumar, Prasanna S.
   Wnek, Malgorzata
   Kang, Gagandeep
   French, Neil
   Cunliffe, Nigel A.
   Bar-Zeev, Naor
   Lopman, Ben
   Iturriza-Gomara, Miren
TI Estimating the incidence of rotavirus infection in children from India
   and Malawi from serial anti-rotavirus IgA titres
SO PLOS ONE
LA English
DT Article
ID PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; VACCINE INTRODUCTION; AFRICAN INFANTS; BIRTH
   COHORT; EFFICACY; SERUM; PROTECTION; DIARRHEA; IMPACT; SAFETY
AB Accurate estimates of rotavirus incidence in infants are crucial given disparities in rotavirus vaccine effectiveness from low-income settings. Sero-surveys are a pragmatic means of estimating incidence however serological data is prone to misclassification. This study used mixture models to estimate incidence of rotavirus infection from anti-rotavirus immunoglobulin A (IgA) titres in infants from Vellore, India, and Karonga, Malawi. IgA titres were measured using serum samples collected at 6 month intervals for 36 months from 373 infants from Vellore and 12 months from 66 infants from Karonga. Mixture models (two component Gaussian mixture distributions) were fit to the difference in titres between time points to estimate risk of sero-positivity and derive incidence estimates. A peak incidence of 1.05(95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.64, 1.64) infections per child-year was observed in the first 6 months of life in Vellore. This declined incrementally with each subsequent time interval. Contrastingly in Karonga incidence was greatest in the second 6 months of life (1.41 infections per child year [95% CI: 0.79, 2.29]). This study demonstrates that infants from Vellore experience peak rotavirus incidence earlier than those from Karonga. Identifying such differences in transmission patterns is important in informing vaccine strategy, particularly where vaccine effectiveness is modest.
C1 [Bennett, Aisleen; Nagelkerke, Nico; French, Neil; Cunliffe, Nigel A.; Bar-Zeev, Naor; Iturriza-Gomara, Miren] Univ Malawi, Coll Med, Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clin Res Programm, Blantyre, Malawi.
   [Bennett, Aisleen; Heinsbroek, Ellen; Wnek, Malgorzata; French, Neil; Cunliffe, Nigel A.; Bar-Zeev, Naor; Iturriza-Gomara, Miren] Univ Liverpool, Inst Infect & Global Hlth, Ctr Global Vaccine Res, Liverpool, Merseyside, England.
   [Premkumar, Prasanna S.; Kang, Gagandeep] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Div Gastrointestinal Sci, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [French, Neil] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Malawi Epidemiol & Intervent Res Unit, Chilumba, Malawi.
   [Lopman, Ben] Emory Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.
   [Iturriza-Gomara, Miren] Univ Liverpool, NIHR Hlth Protect Res Unit Gastrointestinal Infec, Liverpool, Merseyside, England.
RP Bennett, A (reprint author), Univ Malawi, Coll Med, Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clin Res Programm, Blantyre, Malawi.; Bennett, A (reprint author), Univ Liverpool, Inst Infect & Global Hlth, Ctr Global Vaccine Res, Liverpool, Merseyside, England.
EM Aisleen.bennett@liv.ac.uk
OI Heinsbroek, Ellen/0000-0002-2874-6280; bennett,
   aisleen/0000-0003-4240-1972; Bar-Zeev, Naor/0000-0003-0570-4624
FU Wellcome Trust [063144, 091909/Z/10/Z, 102466/Z/13/A]; Wellcome Trust
   [Karonga Prevention Study Core Award]; NIHR Health Protection Research
   Unit in Gastrointestinal Infections at the University of Liverpool;
   Public Health England (PHE)
FX This work was supported by the Wellcome Trust [grant numbers 063144 to
   GK, 091909/Z/10/Z to NAC and NF, 102466/Z/13/A to AB and the Karonga
   Prevention Study Core Award]. MI-G is supported by the NIHR Health
   Protection Research Unit in Gastrointestinal Infections at the
   University of Liverpool in partnership with Public Health England
   (PHE).; Professor Peter Teunis provided valuable insights into this
   analysis. MI-G is supported by the NIHR Health Protection Research Unit
   in Gastrointestinal Infections at the University of Liverpool in
   partnership with Public Health England (PHE).
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NR 47
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA
SN 1932-6203
J9 PLOS ONE
JI PLoS One
PD DEC 29
PY 2017
VL 12
IS 12
AR e0190256
DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0190256
PG 14
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA FR5HD
UT WOS:000419096600038
PM 29287122
OA DOAJ Gold, Green Published
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Nandi, A
   Lutter, R
   Laxminarayan, R
AF Nandi, Arindam
   Lutter, Randall
   Laxminarayan, Ramanan
TI Breastfeeding Duration and Adolescent Educational Outcomes: Longitudinal
   Evidence From India
SO FOOD AND NUTRITION BULLETIN
LA English
DT Article
DE India; breastfeeding; education; APCAPS; IHDS
ID COGNITIVE-DEVELOPMENT; CHILDHOOD NUTRITION; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; BIRTH
   COHORT; RURAL INDIA; HEALTH; DETERMINANTS; COMMUNITY; APCAPS; INFANT
AB Objective: There is a significant evidence gap on the long-term educational benefits of longer breastfeeding in low- and middle-income countries. We estimated the association between duration of (any) breastfeeding and educational outcomes of Indian children.
   Methods: We used regression analysis to examine the association between the length of breastfeeding (in months) and future education outcomes on the basis of 2 data sets: (1) data from a follow-up survey known as the Andhra Pradesh Children and Parents Study (APCAPS, 2003-2005) of 1165 children aged 13 to 18 years from a controlled nutrition trial originally conducted in South India during the period of 1987 to 1990; and (2) nationally representative data from the India Human Development Survey (IHDS-2, 2011-2012) of 6121 children aged 6 to 12 years.
   Results: In APCAPS, children with >36 months of breastfeeding scored 0.28 (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.00-0.56; P < .05) higher on tests than those with up to 12 months of breastfeeding. In the nationally representative IHDS-2 data, above-median breastfeeding duration was associated with 0.1 year (95% CI: 0.04-0.16; P < .01) higher educational attainment. In IHDS-2, >12 to 24 months and >24 months of breastfeeding were associated with 0.12 (95% CI: 0.01-0.23; P < .05) and 0.19 years of (95% CI: 0.05-0.34; P < .05) higher educational attainment, respectively, than for those with up to 6 months of breastfeeding. In additional analyses by sex, we found that the benefits of breastfeeding accrued primarily to boys.
   Conclusion: Breastfeeding duration was associated with small gains in educational outcomes for boys but not for girls in India.
C1 [Nandi, Arindam] Univ Chicago, Tata Ctr Dev, 1155 East 60th St, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
   [Nandi, Arindam] Ctr Dis Dynam Econ & Policy, Washington, DC USA.
   [Lutter, Randall] Univ Virginia, Frank Batten Sch Leadership & Publ Policy, Charlottesville, VA USA.
   [Lutter, Randall] Resources Future Inc, Washington, DC USA.
   [Laxminarayan, Ramanan] Ctr Dis Dynam Econ & Policy, New Delhi, India.
   [Laxminarayan, Ramanan] Princeton Univ, Princeton Environm Inst, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
RP Nandi, A (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Tata Ctr Dev, 1155 East 60th St, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
EM anandi@uchicago.edu
FU Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
FX The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for
   the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This study
   was funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, which provided a
   grant to the University of Virginia. The authors are solely responsible
   for all views expressed in this paper, which are not necessarily those
   of the funder or any other organization. The funders had no role in
   study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or
   preparation of the manuscript.
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   McCrory C, 2011, SOC SCI MED, V72, P1515, DOI 10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.03.002
   Menon P, 2015, MATERN CHILD NUTR, V11, P73, DOI 10.1111/mcn.12036
   Ministry of Human Resource Development, 2014, ED STAT GLANC
   Ministry of Women and Child Development, 2013, ICDS MISS BROAD FRAM
   Naandi Foundation, 2011, HUNGAMA FIGHT HUNG M
   Nandi A, 2016, J NUTR, V146, P806, DOI 10.3945/jn.115.223198
   Oster E, 2009, DEMOGRAPHY, V46, P325, DOI 10.1353/dem.0.0055
   Pande RP, 2003, DEMOGRAPHY, V40, P395, DOI 10.2307/1515152
   Patel A, 2013, J HUM LACT, V29, P572, DOI 10.1177/0890334412474718
   Patel A, 2010, FOOD NUTR BULL, V31, P314, DOI 10.1177/156482651003100221
   REES DI, 2009, J HUMAN CAPITAL, V0003
   Richards M, 2002, PUBLIC HEALTH NUTR, V5, P631, DOI 10.1079/PHN2002338
   Rollins NC, 2016, LANCET, V387, P491, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)01044-2
   Senarath U, 2012, MATERN CHILD NUTR, V8, P315, DOI 10.1111/j.1740-8709.2011.00321.x
   Shroff MR, 2011, SOC SCI MED, V73, P447, DOI 10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.05.040
   SIMMER K, 2001, COCHRANE DATABASE SY
   Vazir S, 2013, MATERN CHILD NUTR, V9, P99, DOI 10.1111/j.1740-8709.2012.00413.x
   Victora CG, 2008, LANCET, V371, P340, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61692-4
   Victora CG, 2016, LANCET, V387, P475, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)01024-7
   Victora CG, 2015, LANCET GLOB HEALTH, V3, pE199, DOI 10.1016/S2214-109X(15)70002-1
   Victora CG, 2000, LANCET, V355, P451, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)82011-5
   Victora CG, 2005, ACTA PAEDIATR, V94, P1656, DOI 10.1080/08035250500252658
NR 54
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 5
PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC
PI THOUSAND OAKS
PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA
SN 0379-5721
EI 1564-8265
J9 FOOD NUTR BULL
JI Food Nutr. Bull.
PD DEC
PY 2017
VL 38
IS 4
BP 528
EP 541
DI 10.1177/0379572117733100
PG 14
WC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics
SC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics
GA FM7TX
UT WOS:000415284600006
PM 28978231
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Colgate, ER
   Dickson, DM
   Haque, R
   Taniuchi, M
   Platts-Mills, JA
   Mychaleckyj, JC
   Nayak, U
   Carmolli, MP
   Petri, WA
   Kirkpatrick, BD
AF Colgate, E. Ross
   Dickson, Dorothy M.
   Haque, Rashidul
   Taniuchi, Mami
   Platts-Mills, James A.
   Mychaleckyj, Josyf C.
   Nayak, Uma
   Carmolli, Marya P.
   Petri, William A.
   Kirkpatrick, Beth D.
TI HIGH SERUM ZINC LEVELS PROTECT AGAINST ROTAVIRUS INFECTION BUT NOT OTHER
   DIARRHEA-ASSOCIATED PATHOGENS IN A BIRTH COHORT IN BANGLADESH
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 65th Annual Meeting of the
   American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene (ASTMH)
CY NOV 13-16, 2016
CL Atlanta, GA
SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hygiene, Bill & Melinda Gates Fdn, Takeda Pharamaceut Int AG, ClinicalRM, Techlab Inc, Bayer, Sanofi Pasteur, ACS Infectious Diseases, New England Biolabs
C1 [Colgate, E. Ross; Dickson, Dorothy M.; Carmolli, Marya P.; Kirkpatrick, Beth D.] Univ Vermont, Coll Med, Burlington, VT USA.
   [Haque, Rashidul] Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
   [Taniuchi, Mami; Platts-Mills, James A.; Mychaleckyj, Josyf C.; Nayak, Uma; Petri, William A.] Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE
PI MCLEAN
PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA
SN 0002-9637
EI 1476-1645
J9 AM J TROP MED HYG
JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg.
PD NOV
PY 2017
VL 95
IS 5
SU S
MA 1917
BP 601
EP 602
PG 2
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine
GA FJ6FS
UT WOS:000412851503471
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Alonge, O
   He, S
   Hoque, DE
   Salam, SS
   Islam, I
   El-Arifeen, S
   Hyder, AA
AF Alonge, Olakunle
   He, Siran
   Hoque, Dewan Emdadul
   Salam, Shumona Sharmin
   Islam, Irteja
   El-Arifeen, Shams
   Hyder, Adnan A.
TI Shifting disease burden in low and middle-income countries: a 14-year
   survival analysis of childhood mortality in Bangladesh
SO JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AND COMMUNITY HEALTH
LA English
DT Article
ID DROWNING PREVENTION; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; DEATHS; HEALTH; MATLAB
AB Background The objective of this study is to compare all-cause mortality and drowning-specific mortality rates and survival times among birth cohorts of children from rural Bangladesh over a 14-year period.
   Method Seven birth cohorts of children aged 12-59 months were created using data from the Matlab Health and Demographic Surveillance System in Bangladesh. Each cohort represents children born within a 2-year interval between 1 July 1995 and 30 June 2009, who were then evaluated over a 2-year snapshot. All-cause and drowning-specific mortality rates were compared for each cohort using the oldest cohort (cohort 1) as reference. A Cox proportional model was used to estimate hazard rate ratios (HRR) comparing the cohorts, and adjusted for key independent variables. Kaplan-Meier survivor function was estimated for each birth cohort and compared with cohort 1 using log-rank test.
   Results The adjusted HRR for all-cause mortality showed that children in cohorts 4, 5, 6 and 7 had significantly lower hazard rate compared with cohort 1 with a dose-response relationship, the adjusted HRRs were 0.51 (95% CI 0.31, 0.84), 0.53 (95% CI 0.32, 0.87), 0.44 (95% CI 0.26, 0.76) and 0.42 (95% CI 0.24, 0.74), respectively. For drowning, none of the adjusted HRR was statistically significant. Mother's primary education and being married were protective of risk of death from all causes.
   Conclusion Whereas child mortality rates from all causes declined remarkably between 1998 and 2012 in rural Bangladesh, drowning-specific mortality rates remained unchanged. This shifting burden of disease underscores the epidemiological transition in the childhood causes of death in Bangladesh and the need for urgent action to review child health interventions.
C1 [Alonge, Olakunle; He, Siran; Hyder, Adnan A.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Suite E8622, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA.
   [Hoque, Dewan Emdadul; Salam, Shumona Sharmin; Islam, Irteja; El-Arifeen, Shams] Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Ctr Child & Adolescent Hlth, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
RP Alonge, O (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Suite E8622, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA.
EM oalonge1@jhu.edu
RI Hoque, Dewan/O-3606-2015
OI Hoque, Dewan/0000-0001-8219-9196
CR Adams AM, 2013, LANCET, V382, P2027, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)62060-7
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   National Institute of Population Research and Training (NIPORT) Mitra and Associates & ICF International, 2016, BANGL DEM HLTH SURV
   Peden M, 2008, WORLD REPORT CHILD I
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   *WHO, 1977, MAN INT STAT CLASS D
   World Health Organization, 2014, GLOB REP DROWN PREV
   World Health Organization, 2004, INT STAT CLASS DIS H
NR 27
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 6
PU BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND
SN 0143-005X
EI 1470-2738
J9 J EPIDEMIOL COMMUN H
JI J. Epidemiol. Community Health
PD SEP
PY 2017
VL 71
IS 9
BP 882
EP 888
DI 10.1136/jech-2017-208981
PG 7
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA FD2FA
UT WOS:000407349600008
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Velusamy, V
   Premkumar, PS
   Kang, G
AF Velusamy, Vasanthakumar
   Premkumar, Prasanna S.
   Kang, Gagandeep
TI Exclusive breastfeeding practices among mothers in urban slum
   settlements: pooled analysis from three prospective birth cohort studies
   in South India
SO INTERNATIONAL BREASTFEEDING JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE Prospective study; Exclusive breastfeeding; Sociodemographic factors;
   Urban slums; India
ID INFANT; DETERMINANTS; ATTITUDE; CHILDREN; RATES; NEPAL
AB Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends six months of exclusive breastfeeding. Despite documented health, social and economic benefits, the practice of exclusive breastfeeding is quite low and information on influencing factors is limited especially from slum settlements. Our goal is to assess the prevalence and evaluate factors associated with early cessation of exclusive breastfeeding in the first six months of life among mothers in urban slums of Vellore, Southern India.
   Methods: We pooled data from three similar birth cohort studies (n = 1088) conducted between 2002 and 2009. Breastfeeding information was obtained soon after birth and then from follow-up home visits conducted once every two weeks by the field workers. Multivariable Cox regression analyses were used to assess factors associated with early cessation of exclusive breastfeeding.
   Results: The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months was 11.4%, based on prospective data since birth. Results from multivariable analyses revealed maternal education (Adjusted Hazard Ratio [AHR] 1.18, 95% CI 1.03, 1.35), pucca type of house (AHR 1.25, 95% CI 1.10, 1.43), two or more number of children in the family (AHR 1.26, 95% CI 1.10, 1.43), joint family structure (AHR 1.20, 95% CI 1.02, 1.40) and birth during summer (AHR 1.16, 95% CI 1.01, 1.31) were associated with early cessation of exclusive breastfeeding in the first six months.
   Conclusions: Our results indicate that exclusive breastfeeding rates are well below the recommended levels. Educational interventions providing comprehensive breastfeeding information to mothers and their families can be evaluated to assess its effect on improving infant feeding practices.
C1 [Velusamy, Vasanthakumar; Premkumar, Prasanna S.; Kang, Gagandeep] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Div Gastrointestinal Sci, Wellcome Trust Res Lab, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India.
RP Premkumar, PS (reprint author), Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Div Gastrointestinal Sci, Wellcome Trust Res Lab, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India.
EM prasanna.samuel@cmcvellore.ac.in
FU Wellcome Trust Trilateral Initiative for Infectious Diseases [063144];
   National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [R01 A1075452,
   R01 AI072222]
FX This work was supported by the Wellcome Trust Trilateral Initiative for
   Infectious Diseases, (grant no. 063144) and National Institutes of
   Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01 A1075452&R01 AI072222).
CR Abdel-Hady DM, 2016, BREASTFEED MED, V11, P514, DOI 10.1089/bfm.2016.0032
   Agampodi SB, 2009, INT BREASTFEED J, V4, DOI 10.1186/1746-4358-4-14
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   World Health Organization, 2009, INF YOUNG CHILD FEED
NR 25
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD
PI LONDON
PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND
SN 1746-4358
J9 INT BREASTFEED J
JI Int. Breastfeed. J.
PD AUG 1
PY 2017
VL 12
AR 35
DI 10.1186/s13006-017-0127-8
PG 7
WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics
SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics
GA FI8RF
UT WOS:000412269100001
PM 28785298
OA DOAJ Gold, Green Published
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Brown, N
   Finch, JE
   Obradovic, J
   Yousafzai, AK
AF Brown, N.
   Finch, J. E.
   Obradovic, J.
   Yousafzai, A. K.
TI Maternal care mediates the effects of nutrition and responsive
   stimulation interventions on young children's growth
SO CHILD CARE HEALTH AND DEVELOPMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE child development; growth; interventions; maternal depression
ID MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES; MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS; COGNITIVE
   FUNCTION; RISK-FACTORS; POSTPARTUM DEPRESSION; MENTAL-HEALTH; BIRTH
   COHORT; CHILDHOOD; OUTCOMES; COMMUNITY
AB Background Undernutrition contributes to at least half the estimated six million annual childhood deaths worldwide. Furthermore, one in three children fails to meet their developmental potential because of risks including stunting, illness, under-stimulation, poor responsive interactions and maternal depressive symptoms. Our study investigates the role of caregiving processes on children's height-for-age at 2 and 4 years.
   Methods The Pakistan Early Child Development Scale-up study assessed the longitudinal effectiveness of early nutrition and responsive stimulation interventions on growth and development at 4 years of age. In total, 1302 children were followed up from birth to 4 years. We leveraged path analyses to explore potential mediators of early intervention effects on children's height-for-age at 4 years, including maternal depressive symptoms, mother-child interaction quality, diarrhoeal illness and height-for-age at 2 years.
   Results Our final model had excellent model fit (comparative fix index = 0.999, Tucker-Lewis index = 0.998, root mean square error of approximation = 0.008) and showed that mother-child interaction quality mediated the effects of both enhanced nutrition and responsive stimulation interventions on height-for-age at 4 years via its longitudinal stability from 2 years of age (beta = 0.016, p = 0.005; beta = 0.048, p < 0.001, respectively). Further, diarrhoeal illness mediated the effects of maternal depressive symptoms at 1 year post partum on children's height-for-age at 4 years via the longitudinal stability of height-for-age z-score from 2 years of age onwards (beta = -0.007, p = 0.019).
   Conclusions The quality of early caregiving experience mediated the association between both interventions and height-for-age. The effect of maternal depressive symptoms on growth was mediated by diarrhoeal illness. Programmatic approaches to child nutrition and growth must address all these potentially modifiable factors.
C1 [Brown, N.] Salisbury Dist Hosp, Dept Paediat, Odstock Rd, Salisbury SP2 8BJ, Wilts, England.
   [Finch, J. E.; Obradovic, J.] Stanford Univ, Grad Sch Educ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
   [Yousafzai, A. K.] Harvard Univ, Harvard TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Global Hlth & Populat, Cambridge, MA USA.
   [Brown, N.] Aga Khan Univ, Dept Paediat & Child Hlth, Karachi, Pakistan.
RP Brown, N (reprint author), Salisbury Dist Hosp, Dept Paediat, Odstock Rd, Salisbury SP2 8BJ, Wilts, England.
EM nickjwbrown@gmail.com
CR Aboud FE, 2016, REPROD MATERNAL NEWB, V2
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   Walker SP, 2007, LANCET, V369, P145, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60076-2
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NR 50
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 6
PU WILEY
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0305-1862
EI 1365-2214
J9 CHILD CARE HLTH DEV
JI Child Care Health Dev.
PD JUL
PY 2017
VL 43
IS 4
BP 577
EP 587
DI 10.1111/cch.12466
PG 11
WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics
SC Psychology; Pediatrics
GA FA3MZ
UT WOS:000405349300013
PM 28480514
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Thangavelu, M
   Godla, UR
   Godi, S
   Paul, SFD
   Maddaly, R
AF Thangavelu, Maheswari
   Godla, Usha Rani
   Godi, S.
   Paul, S. F. D.
   Maddaly, R.
TI A Case-controlled Comparative Hospital-based Study on the Clinical,
   Biochemical, Hormonal, and Gynaecological Parameters in Polycystic Ovary
   Syndrome
SO INDIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
DE Anovulation; hyperandrogenism; infertility; insulin resistance;
   hirsutism
ID OLIGOMENORRHEA AND/OR HIRSUTISM; SELF-REPORTED SYMPTOMS; BIRTH COHORT
   1966; STEROID 5-ALPHA-REDUCTASE; INSULIN SENSITIVITY;
   DIAGNOSTIC-CRITERIA; WOMEN; OBESITY; PCOS; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
AB The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the clinical, biochemical, hormonal and gynaecological aspects of polycystic ovary syndrome at a hospital in South India. The observational, case-controlled study was conducted from April 2011 to January 2014 and recruited 192 polycystic ovary syndrome patients and 205 normal women. Clinical history and biochemical and hormonal analysis were carried out. Correlation was tested between testosterone and other clinical findings. Variables were further analysed using logistic regression with adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval. About 16% of polycystic ovary syndrome women were obese and 91% reported to have an increased waist/hip ratio. Oligomenorrhea was observed in 74% women with polycystic ovary syndrome. The tested variables revealed that body mass index, waist/hip ratio, hirsutism, testosterone, insulin, ovarian volume and follicular count were elevated in polycystic ovary syndrome patients compared to the control subjects. Increased testosterone levels correlated positively with luteinizing hormone/follicle-stimulating hormone ratio (p=0.023), hirsutism (p=0.001) and antral follicular count (p=0.004) in polycystic ovary syndrome patients in the studied population. Waist/hip ratio could possibly be a better risk indicator than body mass index. Increased testosterone levels, ovarian volume and antral follicular count or combination of these have been considered to be risk factors in developing polycystic ovary syndrome patients.
C1 [Thangavelu, Maheswari; Paul, S. F. D.; Maddaly, R.] Sri Ramachandra Univ, Fac Biomed Sci, Madras 600116, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [Godla, Usha Rani] Sri Ramachandra Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Madras 600116, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [Godi, S.] Andhra Univ, Dept Human Genet, Visakhapatnam 530003, Andhra Pradesh, India.
RP Maddaly, R (reprint author), Sri Ramachandra Univ, Fac Biomed Sci, Madras 600116, Tamil Nadu, India.
EM maddalyravi@hotmail.com
FU Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Government of India
   [BT/PR14090/GBD/27/275/2010]
FX We acknowledge funding from the Department of Biotechnology (DBT),
   Government of India (Project Ref. No. BT/PR14090/GBD/27/275/2010).
CR Alili A, 2014, EUR SCI J, V10, P179
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NR 38
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 3
PU MEDKNOW PUBLICATIONS & MEDIA PVT LTD
PI MUMBAI
PA B-9, KANARA BUSINESS CENTRE, OFF LINK RD, GHAKTOPAR-E, MUMBAI, 400075,
   INDIA
SN 0250-474X
EI 1998-3743
J9 INDIAN J PHARM SCI
JI Indian J. Pharm. Sci.
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2017
VL 79
IS 4
BP 608
EP 616
DI 10.4172/pharmaceutical-sciences.1000269
PG 9
WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy
SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy
GA FR7WK
UT WOS:000419283500015
OA Bronze
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Mohsena, M
   Goto, R
   Mascie-Taylor, CGN
AF Mohsena, Masuda
   Goto, Rie
   Mascie-Taylor, C. G. Nicholas
TI SOCIOECONOMIC AND DEMOGRAPHIC VARIATION IN NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF
   UNDER-FIVE BANGLADESHI CHILDREN AND TREND OVER THE TWELVE-YEAR PERIOD
   1996-2007
SO JOURNAL OF BIOSOCIAL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; MALNUTRITION; UNDERNUTRITION; ASSOCIATION
AB The nutritional status of under-five-year-old children is a sensitive indicator of a country's health status as well as economic condition. The objectives of this study were to analyse trends in the nutritional status in Bangladeshi children over the period 1996-2007 and to examine the associations between nutritional and socioeconomic status variables. Bangladesh Demographic Health Surveys (BDHS) were the source of data, and a total of 16,278 children were examined. The Z-scores of the children were analysed as continuous as well as categorical variables (stunted, underweight and wasted). The socioeconomic status variables used were region, urban-rural residence, education and occupation of the parents, house type and household possession score. A series of General Linear Model and Sequential Linear and Binary Logistic Regression analyses were done to assess the relationship between demographic and socioeconomic variables and nutritional status. The trends of Z-scores were analysed by survey, as well as by child birth cohort. Region, house type, educational level of parents and household possession score showed significant associations with all three Z-scores of children after removing the effects of age, period of DHS and other explanatory variables in the model. No significant sex difference was observed between any of the Z-scores. There were improvements in mean WAZ and HAZ between 1996 and 2007 but deterioration in mean WHZ over this period. The obesity rate was below 2% in 2007, although the absolute numbers of obese children had nearly doubled in this 12-year period. Children from poorer households showed greater improvement than their better-off counterparts. The study reveals that over the years there has been substantial improvement in nutritional status of under-five children in Bangladesh and the main gains have been amongst the lower socioeconomic groups; it is also evident that malnutrition in Bangladesh is a multidimensional problem, like poverty itself, and warrants a proper policy mix and programme intervention.
C1 [Mohsena, Masuda] Ibrahim Med Coll, Dept Community Med, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
   [Goto, Rie; Mascie-Taylor, C. G. Nicholas] Univ Cambridge, Dept Biol Anthropol, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England.
RP Mohsena, M (reprint author), Ibrahim Med Coll, Dept Community Med, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
EM masuda669@gmail.com
OI Mohsena, Masuda/0000-0002-4963-8799
FU Yousef Jameel Trust (JEMS/GAAB)
FX The study was supported by grants from the Yousef Jameel Trust
   (JEMS/GAAB). None of the authors has any conflicts of interest to
   declare.
CR Bhutta Z., 2009, UNICEF C E AS PAC IS
   Bulbul T, 2014, BMC PEDIATR, V14, DOI 10.1186/1471-2431-14-86
   Dancer D, 2008, HEALTH ECON, V17, P1015, DOI 10.1002/hec.1379
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NR 30
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 9
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI NEW YORK
PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA
SN 0021-9320
EI 1469-7599
J9 J BIOSOC SCI
JI J. Biosoc. Sci.
PD MAR
PY 2017
VL 49
IS 2
BP 222
EP 238
DI 10.1017/S0021932016000328
PG 17
WC Demography; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social
   Sciences, Biomedical
SC Demography; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical
   Social Sciences
GA EM3EP
UT WOS:000395197600005
PM 27405942
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Murphy, MSQ
   Hawken, S
   Atkinson, KM
   Milburn, J
   Pervin, J
   Gravett, C
   Stringer, JSA
   Rahman, A
   Lackritz, E
   Chakraborty, P
   Wilson, K
AF Murphy, Malia S. Q.
   Hawken, Steven
   Atkinson, Katherine M.
   Milburn, Jennifer
   Pervin, Jesmin
   Gravett, Courtney
   Stringer, Jeffrey S. A.
   Rahman, Anisur
   Lackritz, Eve
   Chakraborty, Pranesh
   Wilson, Kumanan
TI Postnatal gestational age estimation using newborn screening blood
   spots: a proposed validation protocol
SO BMJ GLOBAL HEALTH
LA English
DT Article
ID LAST MENSTRUAL PERIOD; VALIDITY
AB Background Knowledge of gestational age (GA) is critical for guiding neonatal care and quantifying regional burdens of preterm birth. In settings where access to ultrasound dating is limited, postnatal estimates are frequently used despite the issues of accuracy associated with postnatal approaches. Newborn metabolic profiles are known to vary by severity of preterm birth. Recent work by our group and others has highlighted the accuracy of postnatal GA estimation algorithms derived from routinely collected newborn screening profiles. This protocol outlines the validation of a GA model originally developed in a North American cohort among international newborn cohorts.
   Methods Our primary objective is to use blood spot samples collected from infants born in Zambia and Bangladesh to evaluate our algorithm's capacity to correctly classify GA within 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks. Secondary objectives are to 1) determine the algorithm's accuracy in small-for-gestational-age and large-for-gestational-age infants, 2) determine its ability to correctly discriminate GA of newborns across dichotomous thresholds of preterm birth (<= 34 weeks, < 37 weeks GA) and 3) compare the relative performance of algorithms derived from newborn screening panels including all available analytes and those restricted to analyte subsets. The study population will consist of infants born to mothers already enrolled in one of two preterm birth cohorts in Lusaka, Zambia, and Matlab, Bangladesh. Dried blood spot samples will be collected and sent for analysis in Ontario, Canada, for model validation.
   Discussion This study will determine the validity of a GA estimation algorithm across ethnically diverse infant populations and assess population specific variations in newborn metabolic profiles.
C1 [Murphy, Malia S. Q.; Hawken, Steven; Atkinson, Katherine M.; Wilson, Kumanan] Ottawa Hosp Res Inst, Clin Epidemiol Program, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
   [Milburn, Jennifer; Chakraborty, Pranesh] Childrens Hosp Eastern Ontario, Newborn Screening Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
   [Pervin, Jesmin] Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Maternal & Child Hlth Div, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
   [Gravett, Courtney; Lackritz, Eve] Global Alliance Prevent Prematur & Stillbirth, Seattle, WA USA.
   [Stringer, Jeffrey S. A.] Univ North Carolina Chapel Hill, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Chapel Hill, NC USA.
   [Rahman, Anisur] Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Matlab Hlth Res Ctr, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
RP Wilson, K (reprint author), Ottawa Hosp Res Inst, Clin Epidemiol Program, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
EM kwilson@ohri.ca
FU Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, Washington [OPP1141535]
FX This project is funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle,
   Washington (OPP1141535).
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   World Health Organization-WHO, 2012, BORN TOO SOON GLOBAL
NR 19
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 2
PU BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND
SN 2059-7908
J9 BMJ GLOB HEALTH
JI BMJ Glob. Health
PD MAR
PY 2017
VL 2
IS 2
AR UNSP e000365
DI 10.1136/bmjgh-2017-000365
PG 9
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA FF2SG
UT WOS:000408746500002
PM 29104765
OA DOAJ Gold, Green Published
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Shetty, RS
   Kamath, VG
   Nayak, DM
   Hegde, A
   Saluja, T
AF Shetty, Ranjitha S.
   Kamath, Veena G.
   Nayak, Dinesh M.
   Hegde, Asha
   Saluja, Tarun
TI Rotavirus associated acute gastroenteritis among under-five children
   admitted in two secondary care hospitals in southern Karnataka, India
SO CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GLOBAL HEALTH
LA English
DT Article
DE Rotavirus; Surveillance; Under-five children; Severity of diarrhea;
   Seasonality
ID THAN 5 YEARS; BIRTH COHORT; NEW-DELHI; DIARRHEA; SURVEILLANCE;
   INFECTION; DISEASE; BURDEN; EPIDEMIOLOGY; MULTICENTER
AB Background: Rotavirus infection is the common cause of severe diarrhea among under-five children. Globally it is responsible for majority of the hospital visits and admissions due to diarrhea in this age group. This hospital-based surveillance aimed to assess the burden of rotavirus diarrhea and to identify its prevalent strains among under-five children.
   Methods: The study was conducted in two secondary level health care facilities of Manipal University, Manipal during November 2011 through July 2012. All under-five children admitted with acute diarrhea were recruited into the study.
   Results: A total of 95 children were admitted with acute diarrhea during the study period. Of the 95 stool samples collected, 14 were inadequate and 81 samples were tested for the presence of rotavirus using commercial enzyme immunoassay kit (Premier Rotaclone Qualitative ELISA). Rotavirus positive samples were shipped to Central laboratory at CMC, Vellore for strain surveillance and characterization. Out of the 81 stool samples tested for rotavirus, 31 samples (38.3%) were positive for rotavirus VP6 antigen. Rota positivity was observed to be highest during the month of December (29.0%) and lowest in the month of June. Majority of the rotavirus positive cases (45.2%) were among children aged 13-24 months and among those who had very severe diarrhea (56.5%). The most common genotypes identified were G1P[8] and G2P[4] strains (25.8% each).
   Conclusions: Though the burden of overall diarrhea among under-five children is not very high in this area, the proportion of rotavirus diarrhea among the hospitalized children is considerably high. (C) 2016 INDIACLEN. Published by Elsevier, a division of Reed Elsevier India, Pvt. Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Shetty, Ranjitha S.; Kamath, Veena G.] Manipal Univ, Kasturba Med Coll, Dept Community Med, Manipal, India.
   [Nayak, Dinesh M.; Hegde, Asha] Manipal Univ, Melaka Manipal Med Coll, Dept Paediat, Manipal, India.
   [Saluja, Tarun] Shantha Biotech Ltd, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India.
RP Kamath, VG (reprint author), Manipal Univ, Kasturba Med Coll, Dept Community Med, Manipal, India.
EM veenak@manipal.edu
OI Nayak, Dinesh M/0000-0001-7384-8916
FU Shantha Biotechnics Limited, Hyderabad, India
FX This study was funded by a research grant from Shantha Biotechnics
   Limited, Hyderabad, India.
CR Ahmed SF, 2008, INT J HLTH SCI, V2
   Babji S, 2013, INDIAN J MED MICROBI, V31, P69, DOI 10.4103/0255-0857.108727
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   *WHO, 2008, WKLY EPIDEMIOL REC, V83, P421
NR 27
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU ELSEVIER - DIVISION REED ELSEVIER INDIA PVT LTD
PI NEW DELHI
PA 17-A/1 MAIN RING ROAD, LAJPAT NAGAR IV, NEW DELHI, 110024, INDIA
SN 2452-0918
EI 2213-3984
J9 CLIN EPIDEMIOL GLOB
JI Clin. Epidemiol. Glob. Health
PD MAR
PY 2017
VL 5
IS 1
BP 28
EP 32
DI 10.1016/j.cegh.2016.06.002
PG 5
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA ES2DG
UT WOS:000399335600005
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Anwer, AW
   Samad, L
   Iftikhar, S
   Baig-Ansari, N
AF Anwer, Abdul Wahid
   Samad, Lubna
   Iftikhar, Sundus
   Baig-Ansari, Naila
TI Reported Male Circumcision Practices in a Muslim-Majority Setting
SO BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
LA English
DT Article
ID COMPLICATIONS; PLASTIBELL; ATTITUDES; INFANTS; TRIAL
AB Introduction. Male circumcision is a recommended practice in Muslim tradition. It is important to ensure that this procedure is performed as safely as possible in these communities. Methods. Five hundred adult men and women with at least one male child less than 18 years were interviewed in Karachi, Pakistan, regarding details of their child's circumcision. The survey focused on actual and perceived delays in circumcision and perceptions about appropriate age and reasons and benefits and complications of the procedure. Circumcisions done after two months of age were defined as delayed. Results. Religious requirement was the primary reason for circumcision in 92.6% of children. However, 89.6% of respondents were of the opinion that circumcision had medical benefits as well. Half of the children (54.1%) had delayed circumcision (range 2.5 months to 13 years), even though 81.2% of parents were of the opinion that circumcisions should be done within 60 days of birth. Facility-delivered babies had less delay in circumcisions (49.1%) as compared to home-delivered babies (60.5%). Conclusion. Understanding the perceptions and practices around male circumcision can help guide national strategies for designing and implementing safe circumcision programs in Muslim-majority settings, with the potential to benefit an annual birth cohort of 20-25 million boys worldwide.
C1 [Anwer, Abdul Wahid] Ind Hosp, Dept Gen Surg, Karachi 75190, Pakistan.
   [Anwer, Abdul Wahid] Shaukat Khanum Mem Canc Hosp & Res Ctr, Dept Surg Oncol, 7-A Block R-3, Lahore, Pakistan.
   [Samad, Lubna] Ind Hosp, Dept Pediat Surg, Karachi 75190, Pakistan.
   [Iftikhar, Sundus; Baig-Ansari, Naila] Ind Hosp, Res Ctr, Karachi 75190, Pakistan.
RP Samad, L (reprint author), Ind Hosp, Dept Pediat Surg, Karachi 75190, Pakistan.
EM lubna.samad@irdresearch.org
OI Anwer, Abdul Wahid/0000-0001-8737-4846
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NR 28
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU HINDAWI LTD
PI LONDON
PA ADAM HOUSE, 3RD FLR, 1 FITZROY SQ, LONDON, WIT 5HE, ENGLAND
SN 2314-6133
EI 2314-6141
J9 BIOMED RES INT
JI Biomed Res. Int.
PY 2017
AR 4957348
DI 10.1155/2017/4957348
PG 8
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Medicine, Research & Experimental
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Research & Experimental Medicine
GA EK5XN
UT WOS:000393999600001
PM 28194416
OA DOAJ Gold, Green Published
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Giri, S
   Kumar, N
   Lopman, B
   Vinje, J
   Kang, G
AF Giri, Sidhartha
   Kumar, Nirmal
   Lopman, Ben
   Vinje, Jan
   Kang, Gagandeep
TI ASSOCIATION BETWEEN SECRETOR STATUS AND NOROVIRUS INFECTIONS IN A BIRTH
   COHORT IN SOUTH INDIA
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 66th Annual Meeting of the
   American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene (ASTMH)
CY NOV 05-09, 2017
CL Baltimore, MD
SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg
C1 [Giri, Sidhartha] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [Kumar, Nirmal; Kang, Gagandeep] Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.
   [Lopman, Ben] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE
PI MCLEAN
PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA
SN 0002-9637
EI 1476-1645
J9 AM J TROP MED HYG
JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg.
PY 2017
VL 97
IS 5
SU S
MA 833
BP 260
EP 260
PG 1
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine
GA FT5TD
UT WOS:000423215203203
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Giri, S
   Maheshwari, K
   Lopman, B
   Vinje, J
   Kang, G
AF Giri, Sidhartha
   Maheshwari, K.
   Lopman, Ben
   Vinje, Jan
   Kang, Gagandeep
TI USE OF QUANTITATIVE REAL-TIME POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION TO IDENTIFY
   NOROVIRUS DIARRHEA IN INDIAN CHILDREN IN THE FIRST 3 YEARS OF LIFE: A
   REANALYSIS OF A BIRTH COHORT STUDY
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 66th Annual Meeting of the
   American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene (ASTMH)
CY NOV 05-09, 2017
CL Baltimore, MD
SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg
C1 [Giri, Sidhartha] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [Maheshwari, K.; Kang, Gagandeep] Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.
   [Lopman, Ben] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE
PI MCLEAN
PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA
SN 0002-9637
EI 1476-1645
J9 AM J TROP MED HYG
JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg.
PY 2017
VL 97
IS 5
SU S
MA 1434
BP 446
EP 446
PG 1
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine
GA FT5TD
UT WOS:000423215204150
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Hassan, MZ
   Chowdhury, F
   Sturm-Ramirez, K
   Hossain, K
   Bhuiyan, MU
   Rahman, MZ
   Haque, R
   Alam, M
   Burgess, SL
   Petri, WA
   Iuliano, AD
   Gurley, ES
AF Hassan, Md. Zakiul
   Chowdhury, Fahmida
   Sturm-Ramirez, Katharine
   Hossain, Kamal
   Bhuiyan, Mejbah Uddin
   Rahman, Mohammed Ziaur
   Haque, Rashidul
   Alam, Masud
   Burgess, Stacey L.
   Petri, William A.
   Iuliano, A. Danielle
   Gurley, Emily S.
TI RESPIRATORY VIRUS ASSOCIATED WITH WHEEZING IN EARLY LIFE: A BIRTH COHORT
   STUDY IN A LOW-INCOME URBAN COMMUNITY IN DHAKA, BANGLADESH
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 66th Annual Meeting of the
   American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene (ASTMH)
CY NOV 05-09, 2017
CL Baltimore, MD
SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg
C1 [Hassan, Md. Zakiul; Chowdhury, Fahmida; Hossain, Kamal; Rahman, Mohammed Ziaur; Haque, Rashidul; Alam, Masud; Gurley, Emily S.] Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
   [Sturm-Ramirez, Katharine; Iuliano, A. Danielle] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA.
   [Bhuiyan, Mejbah Uddin] Univ Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
   [Burgess, Stacey L.; Petri, William A.] Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE
PI MCLEAN
PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA
SN 0002-9637
EI 1476-1645
J9 AM J TROP MED HYG
JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg.
PY 2017
VL 97
IS 5
SU S
MA 775
BP 242
EP 242
PG 1
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine
GA FT5TD
UT WOS:000423215203145
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Karthikeyan, AS
   Samuel, P
   Mohan, V
   Sumithra, E
   Bidari, S
   Paranjape, M
   Koshy, B
   Muliyil, J
   Kang, G
AF Karthikeyan, Arun S.
   Samuel, Prasanna
   Mohan, VenkataRaghava
   Sumithra, E.
   Bidari, Sunita
   Paranjape, Meghana
   Koshy, Beena
   Muliyil, Jayaprakash
   Kang, Gagandeep
TI PERSISTENT STUNTING FROM EARLY CHILDHOOD IMPAIRS COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE
   IN LATE CHILDHOOD: RESULTS FROM A BIRTH COHORT IN A SEMI-URBAN SLUM IN
   SOUTH INDIA
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 66th Annual Meeting of the
   American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene (ASTMH)
CY NOV 05-09, 2017
CL Baltimore, MD
SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg
C1 [Karthikeyan, Arun S.; Samuel, Prasanna; Mohan, VenkataRaghava; Sumithra, E.; Bidari, Sunita; Paranjape, Meghana; Koshy, Beena; Muliyil, Jayaprakash; Kang, Gagandeep] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE
PI MCLEAN
PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA
SN 0002-9637
EI 1476-1645
J9 AM J TROP MED HYG
JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg.
PY 2017
VL 97
IS 5
SU S
MA 224
BP 69
EP 70
PG 2
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine
GA FT5TD
UT WOS:000423215202224
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Karthikeyan, AS
   Giri, S
   Muliyil, J
   Kang, G
AF Karthikeyan, Arun S.
   Giri, Sidhartha
   Muliyil, Jayaprakash
   Kang, Gagandeep
TI SECRETOR STATUS AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH THE ROTAVIRUS DIARRHEA AND
   ANTIBODY RESPONSE IN A BIRTH COHORT FROM SOUTH INDIA
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 66th Annual Meeting of the
   American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene (ASTMH)
CY NOV 05-09, 2017
CL Baltimore, MD
SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg
C1 [Karthikeyan, Arun S.; Giri, Sidhartha; Muliyil, Jayaprakash; Kang, Gagandeep] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE
PI MCLEAN
PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA
SN 0002-9637
EI 1476-1645
J9 AM J TROP MED HYG
JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg.
PY 2017
VL 97
IS 5
SU S
MA 835
BP 261
EP 261
PG 1
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine
GA FT5TD
UT WOS:000423215203205
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Mahfuz, M
   Alam, MA
   Hossain, M
   Gazi, MA
   Ahmed, T
AF Mahfuz, Mustafa
   Alam, Ashraful Mohammed
   Hossain, Muttaquina
   Gazi, Amran Mohammod
   Ahmed, Tahmeed
TI AFLATOXIN EXPOSURE IN CHILDREN IN MIRPUR, DHAKA: DATA FROM A BIRTH
   COHORT
SO ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
DE Aflatoxin; MAL-ED; Bangladesh; AFB1-lys; children
C1 [Mahfuz, Mustafa; Alam, Ashraful Mohammed; Hossain, Muttaquina; Gazi, Amran Mohammod; Ahmed, Tahmeed] Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Nutr & Clin Serv Div, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU KARGER
PI BASEL
PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
SN 0250-6807
EI 1421-9697
J9 ANN NUTR METAB
JI Ann. Nutr. Metab.
PY 2017
VL 71
SU 2
MA 144/879
BP 686
EP 686
PG 1
WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics
SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics
GA FM9QD
UT WOS:000415605301513
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Rupa, V
   Isaac, R
   Rebekah, G
   Manoharan, A
AF Rupa, V.
   Isaac, R.
   Rebekah, G.
   Manoharan, A.
TI Association of Streptococcus pneumoniae nasopharyngeal colonization and
   other risk factors with acute otitis media in an unvaccinated Indian
   birth cohort
SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION
LA English
DT Article
DE Ear infections; epidemiology; immunization (vaccination); pneumococcal
   infection
ID PNEUMOCOCCAL CONJUGATE VACCINATION; CHILDREN; LIFE; CARRIAGE;
   EPIDEMIOLOGY; EFFUSION; INFANTS
AB In order to study the epidemiology of acute otitis media (AOM) and Streptococcus pneumoniae nasopharyngeal colonization in the first 2 years of life, we followed up an unvaccinated birth cohort monthly and at visits when sick, with otoscopy to detect AOM and performed nasopharyngeal swabbing to detect S. pneumoniae. Serotyping of positive cultures was also performed. Of 210 babies who were enrolled at birth, 61 (29.05%) experienced 128 episodes of AOM [relative risk 2.63, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.21-5.75] with maximum incidence in the second half of the first year of life. Episodes ranged from 1 to 7 (mean 2.1 episodes). Most (86.9%) babies with AOM had a positive culture swab giving an odds ratio (OR) of 1.93 (95% CI 1.03-3.62, P = 0.041) for this association. Other risk factors identified for AOM were winter season (OR 3.46, 95% CI 1.56-7.30, P = 0.001), upper respiratory infection (OR 2.43, 95% CI 1.43-4.51, P = 0.005); residents of small households were less likely to develop AOM (OR 0.32, 95% CI 0.17-0.57, P < 0.01). Common S. pneumoniae serotypes isolated during episodes were 19, 6, 15, 35, 7, 23, 9 and 10 which indicated a theoretical coverage for pneumococcal vaccines PCV10 and PCV13 constituent serotypes of 62.8%. We conclude that AOM in Indian infants is often associated with S. pneumoniae colonization of the nasopharynx as well as other risk factors.
C1 [Rupa, V.] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept ENT, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [Isaac, R.] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Rural Unit Hlth & Social Affairs, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [Rebekah, G.] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Biostat, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [Manoharan, A.] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Infect Dis Unit, Dept Med, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
RP Rupa, V (reprint author), Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Unit 3, Dept ENT, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India.
EM rupavedantam@cmcvellore.ac.in
FU Department of Science and Technology, Government of India
   [SR/SO/HS-26/2007]
FX This research was supported by a grant from the Department of Science
   and Technology, Government of India (grant no. D.O.No.
   SR/SO/HS-26/2007). The authors gratefully acknowledge the input provided
   by Dr J. P. Muliyil, Professor of Community Health, Christian Medical
   College, Vellore, in reviewing the results.
CR Amusa Y B, 2005, West Afr J Med, V24, P227
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   Jacob A, 1997, INT J PEDIATR OTORHI, V39, P133, DOI 10.1016/S0165-5876(96)01479-6
   Jebaraj R, 1999, EPIDEMIOL INFECT, V123, P383, DOI 10.1017/S0950268899003131
   KARMA PH, 1989, INT J PEDIATR OTORHI, V17, P37, DOI 10.1016/0165-5876(89)90292-9
   Lasisi AO, 2007, ANN TROP PAEDIATR, V27, P291, DOI 10.1179/146532807X245689
   Leach AJ, 2008, BMC PEDIATR, V8, DOI 10.1186/1471-2431-8-23
   Leach AJ, 2014, BMC PEDIATR, V14, DOI 10.1186/1471-2431-14-200
   Marom T, 2014, JAMA PEDIATR, V168, P68, DOI 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2013.3924
   Melegaro A, 2004, EPIDEMIOL INFECT, V132, P433, DOI 10.1017/S0950268804001980
   Mishra A, 2008, INDIAN PEDIATR, V45, P161
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   Srikanth S, 2009, INT J PEDIATR OTORHI, V73, P1394, DOI 10.1016/j.ijporl.2009.06.024
   Syrjanen RK, 2001, J INFECT DIS, V184, P451, DOI 10.1086/322048
   Taylor S, 2012, CLIN INFECT DIS, V54, P1765, DOI 10.1093/cid/cis292
   TEELE DW, 1989, J INFECT DIS, V160, P83, DOI 10.1093/infdis/160.1.83
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   Uhari M, 1996, CLIN INFECT DIS, V22, P1079, DOI 10.1093/clinids/22.6.1079
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NR 29
TC 0
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 5
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI NEW YORK
PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA
SN 0950-2688
EI 1469-4409
J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT
JI Epidemiol. Infect.
PD JUL
PY 2016
VL 144
IS 10
BP 2191
EP 2199
DI 10.1017/S0950268816000248
PG 9
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases
GA DR3EO
UT WOS:000379785600019
PM 26931207
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Rogawski, ET
   Meshnick, SR
   Becker-Dreps, S
   Adair, LS
   Sandler, RS
   Sarkar, R
   Kattula, D
   Ward, HD
   Kang, G
   Westreich, DJ
AF Rogawski, Elizabeth T.
   Meshnick, Steven R.
   Becker-Dreps, Sylvia
   Adair, Linda S.
   Sandler, Robert S.
   Sarkar, Rajiv
   Kattula, Deepthi
   Ward, Honorine D.
   Kang, Gagandeep
   Westreich, Daniel J.
TI Reduction in diarrhoeal rates through interventions that prevent
   unnecessary antibiotic exposure early in life in an observational birth
   cohort
SO JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AND COMMUNITY HEALTH
LA English
DT Article
ID PARAMETRIC G-FORMULA; CAUSAL INFERENCE; INDIA; CHILDREN; DISEASE;
   HEALTH; INFECTIONS; MANAGEMENT; MICROBIOTA; TRENDS
AB Background Antibiotic treatment early in life is often not needed and has been associated with increased rates of subsequent diarrhoea. We estimated the impact of realistic interventions, which would prevent unnecessary antibiotic exposures before 6 months of age, on reducing childhood diarrhoeal rates.
   Methods In data from a prospective observational cohort study conducted in Vellore, India, we used the parametric g-formula to model diarrhoeal incidence rate differences contrasting the observed incidence of diarrhoea to the incidence expected under hypothetical interventions. The interventions prevented unnecessary antibiotic treatments for non-bloody diarrhoea, vomiting and upper respiratory infections before 6 months of age. We also modelled targeted interventions, in which unnecessary antibiotic use was prevented only among children who had already stopped exclusive breast feeding.
   Results More than half of all antibiotic exposures before 6 months (58.9%) were likely unnecessary. The incidence rate difference associated with removing unnecessary antibiotic use before 6 months of age was -0.28 (95% CI -0.46 to -0.08) episodes per 30 child-months. This implies that preventing unnecessary antibiotic exposures in just 4 children would reduce the incidence of diarrhoea by 1 from 6 months to 3 years of age.
   Conclusions Interventions to reduce unnecessary antibiotic use among young children could result in an important reduction in diarrhoeal rates. This work provides an example application of statistical methods which can further the aim of presenting epidemiological findings that are relevant to public health practice.
C1 [Rogawski, Elizabeth T.; Meshnick, Steven R.; Sandler, Robert S.; Westreich, Daniel J.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA.
   [Becker-Dreps, Sylvia] Univ N Carolina, Dept Family Med, Chapel Hill, NC USA.
   [Adair, Linda S.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Nutr, Chapel Hill, NC USA.
   [Sandler, Robert S.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Med, Chapel Hill, NC USA.
   [Sarkar, Rajiv; Kattula, Deepthi; Ward, Honorine D.; Kang, Gagandeep] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Div Gastrointestinal Sci, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [Ward, Honorine D.] Tufts Med Ctr, Div Geog Med & Infect Dis, Boston, MA USA.
RP Rogawski, ET (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Div Infect Dis & Int Hlth, POB 801379,Carter Harrison Res Bldg MR-6, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA.
EM etr5m@virginia.edu
OI Kang, Gagandeep/0000-0002-3656-564X
FU National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases at the National
   Institutes of Health [5-R01-AI072222, 5-T32-AI070114-08, D43-TW007392,
   1-R56-AI108515]; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child
   Health & Human Development; Office of the Director of the National
   Institutes of Health [DP2-HD084070]
FX The parent study was supported by the National Institute of Allergy and
   Infectious Diseases at the National Institutes of Health (5-R01-AI072222
   to HDW). This study was supported by the National Institute of Allergy
   and Infectious Diseases at the National Institutes of Health
   (5-T32-AI070114-08 to ETR, D43-TW007392 to DK and 1-R56-AI108515 to
   SB-D), and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health
   & Human Development and the Office of the Director of the National
   Institutes of Health (DP2-HD084070 to DJW).
CR Ahern J, 2009, AM J EPIDEMIOL, V169, P1140, DOI 10.1093/aje/kwp015
   Bhatnagar S, 2007, INDIAN PEDIATR, V44, P380
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   Westreich D, 2012, STAT MED, V31, P2000, DOI 10.1002/sim.5316
   World Health Organization, 2005, TREATM DIARRH MAN PH
   World Health Organization, 2006, WHO CHILD GROWTH STA
NR 41
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND
SN 0143-005X
EI 1470-2738
J9 J EPIDEMIOL COMMUN H
JI J. Epidemiol. Community Health
PD MAY
PY 2016
VL 70
IS 5
BP 500
EP 505
DI 10.1136/jech-2015-206635
PG 6
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA DJ9QV
UT WOS:000374548900013
PM 26621194
OA Green Accepted
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Praburam, PM
   Moses, PD
   Kang, G
AF Praburam, P. M.
   Moses, Prabhakar D.
   Kang, Gagandeep
TI SMALL INTESTINAL ENTEROPATHY IN UNDERNOURISHED CHILDREN IN THREE URBAN
   SLUMS IN SOUTH INDIA
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL RESEARCH & HEALTH SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
DE Malabsorption; Enteropathy; Undernutrition; Xylose absorption test;
   Intestinal Infections
ID GROWTH; INFANTS
AB Introduction: Growth faltering is a common health issue in the developing countries. At times we are unable to attribute this growth faltering to lack of adequate nutrients in food or ongoing disease conditions alone. With this study we aim to assess the possibility of the existence of subclinical malabsorption in children with undernutrition. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted on a sample of 161 children from a birth cohort of 377 children who were under follow up from birth for health and disease in three of the urban slums of Vellore. The prevalence of small intestinal enteropathy, as assessed by a 5 hour urinary d-xylose excretion test, was compared between undernourished and well-nourished children. Correlation between undernutrition, d-xylose malabsorption and previous documented illnesses including viral, bacterial or parasitic infections/infestations was also studied. Results: Xylose test result was abnormal in 41% (25 of 61) of undernourished children as against 26% (26 of 100) of well-nourished children, with p value of 0.047 and Odds ratio of 1.976 with 95% confidence interval between 1.003 and 3.895. Conclusion: There is a statistically significant association between undernutrition and small intestinal enteropathy.
C1 [Praburam, P. M.; Moses, Prabhakar D.] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Child Hlth, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India.
   [Kang, Gagandeep] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Gastrointestinal Sci, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India.
RP Praburam, PM (reprint author), Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Child Hlth, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India.
EM praburampm@gmail.com
CR Andrade GP, 1996, J MED VIROL, V49, P212, DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9071(199607)49:3<212::AID-JMV9>3.3.CO;2-9
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   The state of the world's children 2014 in numbers, 2014, STAT WORLDS CHILDR 2, P38
NR 11
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SUAMTHI PUBLICATIONS
PI AHMEDNAGAR
PA SUAMTHI PUBLICATIONS, AHMEDNAGAR, 00000, INDIA
SN 2319-5886
J9 INT J MED RES HEALTH
JI Int. J. Med. Res. Health Sci.
PY 2016
VL 5
IS 1
BP 47
EP 51
DI 10.5958/2319-5886.2016.00011.4
PG 5
WC Medicine, Research & Experimental
SC Research & Experimental Medicine
GA DH7YX
UT WOS:000373011200011
OA DOAJ Gold
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Huffman, MD
   Khalil, A
   Osmond, C
   Fall, CHD
   Tandon, N
   Lakshmy, R
   Ramji, S
   Gera, T
   Prabhakaran, P
   Biswas, SKD
   Reddy, KS
   Bhargava, SK
   Sachdev, HS
   Prabhakaran, D
AF Huffman, Mark D.
   Khalil, Anita
   Osmond, Clive
   Fall, Caroline H. D.
   Tandon, Nikhil
   Lakshmy, Ramakrishnan
   Ramji, Siddharth
   Gera, Tarun
   Prabhakaran, Poornima
   Biswas, S. K. Dey
   Reddy, K. Srinath
   Bhargava, Santosh K.
   Sachdev, Harshpal S.
   Prabhakaran, Dorairaj
CA New Delhi Birth Cohort
TI Association between anthropometry, cardiometabolic risk factors, & early
   life factors & adult measures of endothelial function: Results from the
   New Delhi Birth Cohort
SO INDIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Anthropometry; birth cohort; cardiometabolic risk factors; endothelial
   functions; flow mediated dilatation; insulin sensitivity
ID FLOW-MEDIATED DILATION; BODY-MASS INDEX; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK;
   YOUNG-ADULTS; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; METABOLIC SYNDROME; PROGNOSTIC ROLE;
   WEIGHT; DYSFUNCTION; METAANALYSIS
AB Background & objectives: Abnormal endothelial function represents a preclinical marker of atherosclerosis. This study was conducted to evaluate associations between anthropometry, cardiometabolic risk factors, and early life factors and adult measures of endothelial function in a young urban Indian cohort free of clinical cardiovascular disease.
   Methods: Absolute changes in brachial artery diameter following cuff inflation and sublingual nitroglycerin (400 mu g) were recorded to evaluate endothelium-dependent and -independent measures of endothelial function in 600 participants (362 men; 238 women) from the New Delhi Birth Cohort (2006-2009). Data on anthropometry, cardiometabolic risk factors, medical history, socio-economic position, and lifestyle habits were collected. Height and weight were recorded at birth, two and 11 yr of age. Age- and sex-adjusted linear regression models were developed to evaluate these associations.
   Results: The mean age of participants was 36 +/- 1 yr. Twenty two per cent men and 29 per cent women were obese (BMI >= 30 kg/m(2)). Mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) was 131 +/- 14 and 119 +/- 13 mmHg, and diabetes prevalence was 12 and 8 per cent for men and women, respectively. Brachial artery diameter was higher for men compared with women both before (3.48 +/- 0.37 and 2.95 +/- 0.35 cm) and after hyperaemia (3.87 +/- 0.37 vs. 3.37 +/- 0.35 cm). A similar difference was seen before and after nitroglycerin. Markers of increased adiposity, smoking, SBP, and metabolic syndrome, but not early life anthropometry, were inversely associated with endothelial function after adjustment for age and sex.
   Interpretation & conclusions: The analysis of the current prospective data from a young urban Indian cohort showed that cardiometabolic risk factors, but not early life anthropometry, were associated with worse endothelial function.
C1 [Huffman, Mark D.; Prabhakaran, Dorairaj] Ctr Chron Dis Control, New Delhi, India.
   [Huffman, Mark D.] Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, 680 N Lake Shore Dr,Suite 1400, Chicago, IL 60660 USA.
   [Khalil, Anita] Ctr Heart, New Delhi, India.
   [Osmond, Clive; Fall, Caroline H. D.] Univ Southampton, Southampton Gen Hosp, Med Res Council Lifecourse Epidemiol Unit, Southampton, Hants, England.
   [Tandon, Nikhil; Lakshmy, Ramakrishnan] All India Inst Med Sci, New Delhi, India.
   [Ramji, Siddharth; Bhargava, Santosh K.] Maulana Azad Med Coll, Dept Pediat, New Delhi, India.
   [Gera, Tarun] Sunder Lal Jain Hosp, Dept Pediat, New Delhi, India.
   [Prabhakaran, Poornima; Reddy, K. Srinath] Initiat Cardiovasc Hlth Res Developing Countries, Delhi, India.
   [Biswas, S. K. Dey] Indian Council Med Res, New Delhi, India.
   [Reddy, K. Srinath; Prabhakaran, Dorairaj] Publ Hlth Fdn India, New Delhi, India.
   [Sachdev, Harshpal S.] Sitaram Bhartiya Inst Sci & Res, Dept Pediat, New Delhi, India.
RP Huffman, MD (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, 680 N Lake Shore Dr,Suite 1400, Chicago, IL 60660 USA.
EM m-huffman@northwestern.edu
OI Huffman, Mark/0000-0001-7412-2519; Prabhakaran,
   Dorairaj/0000-0002-3172-834X; Osmond, Clive/0000-0002-9054-4655
FU British Heart Foundation [PG/05/046/18730]; Medical Research Council
   [MC_UU_12011/3, MC_U147574245, MC_UP_A620_1016]; Medical Research
   Council [U1475000003]
CR American Heart Association, 2005, Cardiol Rev, V13, P322
   Armitage JA, 2004, J PHYSIOL-LONDON, V561, P355, DOI 10.1113/jphysiol.2004.072009
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   Barker DJP, 2005, NEW ENGL J MED, V353, P1802, DOI 10.1056/NEJMoa044160
   Bassareo PP, 2012, INT J CARDIOL, V159, P217, DOI 10.1016/j.ijcard.2011.02.069
   Bhargava SK, 2004, NEW ENGL J MED, V350, P865, DOI 10.1056/NEJMoa035698
   Brockow T, 2011, FORSCH KOMPLEMENTMED, V18, P24, DOI 10.1159/000323632
   Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations World Health Organization & United Nations University, 2004, HUM EN REQ REP JOINT
   Franco MCP, 2006, HYPERTENSION, V48, P45, DOI 10.1161/01.HYP.0000223446.49596.3a
   Goodfellow J, 1998, CARDIOVASC RES, V40, P600, DOI 10.1016/S0008-6363(98)00197-7
   Greenland P, 2010, CIRCULATION, V122, pE584, DOI 10.1161/CIR.0b013e3182051b4c
   Khalil A, 2013, INT J CARDIOL, V167, P1322, DOI 10.1016/j.ijcard.2012.03.180
   Leeson CPM, 2001, CIRCULATION, V103, P1264
   MATTHEWS DR, 1985, DIABETOLOGIA, V28, P412, DOI 10.1007/BF00280883
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   Norman M, 2008, ACTA PAEDIATR, V97, P1165, DOI 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2008.00904.x
   Pellanda LC, 2009, INT J CARDIOL, V134, P371, DOI 10.1016/j.ijcard.2008.02.024
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   Rutstein SOKJ, 2004, DHS COMP REPORTS
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   Suzuki T, 2008, AM HEART J, V156, P405, DOI 10.1016/j.ahj.2008.02.022
   Wang QQ, 2012, ATHEROSCLEROSIS, V221, P536, DOI 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.01.006
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   World Health Organization (WHO), 1999, WHONCDNCS992
   Zhang L, 2012, ATHEROSCLEROSIS, V223, P78, DOI 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.01.031
NR 28
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU MEDKNOW PUBLICATIONS & MEDIA PVT LTD
PI MUMBAI
PA B-9, KANARA BUSINESS CENTRE, OFF LINK RD, GHAKTOPAR-E, MUMBAI, 400075,
   INDIA
SN 0971-5916
J9 INDIAN J MED RES
JI Indian J. Med. Res.
PD DEC
PY 2015
VL 142
BP 689
EP 697
DI 10.4103/0971-5916.174559
PG 9
WC Immunology; Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine, Research &
   Experimental
SC Immunology; General & Internal Medicine; Research & Experimental
   Medicine
GA DC8VJ
UT WOS:000369497500010
PM 26831418
OA DOAJ Gold, Green Published
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Colgate, ER
   Dickson, DM
   Carmolli, MP
   Haque, R
   Alam, M
   Mychaleckyj, JC
   Nayak, U
   Walsh, MC
   Diehl, SA
   Qadri, F
   Petri, WA
   Kirkpatrick, BD
AF Colgate, E. Ross
   Dickson, Dorothy M.
   Carmolli, Marya P.
   Haque, Rashidul
   Alam, Masud
   Mychaleckyj, Josyf C.
   Nayak, Uma
   Walsh, Mary Claire
   Diehl, Sean A.
   Qadri, Firdausi
   Petri, William A.
   Kirkpatrick, Beth D.
TI ASSESSMENT OF RISK FACTORS FOR PRETERM BIRTH AND CONTRIBUTIONS OF
   PREMATURITY TO FUTURE RISK OF ADVERSE OUTCOMES IN A BANGLADESHI BIRTH
   COHORT
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 [Colgate, E. Ross; Dickson, Dorothy M.; Carmolli, Marya P.; Walsh, Mary Claire; Diehl, Sean A.; Kirkpatrick, Beth D.] Univ Vermont, Coll Med, Burlington, VT USA.
   [Haque, Rashidul; Alam, Masud; Qadri, Firdausi] Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
   [Mychaleckyj, Josyf C.; Nayak, Uma; Petri, William A.] Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE
PI MCLEAN
PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA
SN 0002-9637
EI 1476-1645
J9 AM J TROP MED HYG
JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg.
PD OCT
PY 2015
VL 93
IS 4
SU S
MA 1700
BP 520
EP 521
PG 2
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine
GA VB0ZJ
UT WOS:000412844103695
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Thomas, RJ
   Ramanujam, K
   Velusamy, V
   Kaliappan, SP
   Kattula, D
   Muliyil, J
   Kang, G
AF Thomas, Rahul Jacob
   Ramanujam, Karthikeyan
   Velusamy, Vasanthakumar
   Kaliappan, Saravanakumar Puthupalayam
   Kattula, Deepthi
   Muliyil, Jayaprakash
   Kang, Gagandeep
TI Comparison of fieldworker interview and a pictorial diary method for
   recording morbidity of infants in semi-urban slums
SO BMC PUBLIC HEALTH
LA English
DT Article
DE Reliability; Children; Morbidity measurements; Slum; India; Fieldworker;
   Pictorial diary; Kappa; Agreement
ID CHILDREN; KAPPA; MALNUTRITION; AGREEMENT; MOTHERS
AB Background: Cohort studies conducted in low-income countries generally use trained fieldworkers for collecting data on home visits. In industrialised countries, researchers use less resource intensive methods, such as self-administered structured questionnaires or symptom diaries. This study compared and assessed the reliability of the data on diarrhoea, fever and cough/cold in children as obtained by a pictorial diary maintained by the mother and collected separately by a fieldworker.
   Methods: A sample of 205 children was randomly selected from an ongoing birth cohort study. Pictorial diaries were distributed weekly to mothers of study children who were asked to maintain a record of morbidity for four weeks. We compared the reliability and completeness of the data on diarrhoea, fever and cough/cold obtained by the two methods.
   Results: Of 205 participants, 186 (91%) ever made a record in the diary and 62 (30%) mothers maintained the diary for all 28 days. The prevalence-adjusted bias-adjusted kappa statistics for diarrhoea, fever, cough/cold and for a healthy child were 92%, 79%, 35% and 35% respectively.
   Conclusion: Diary recording was incomplete in the majority of households. When recorded, the morbidity data by the pictorial diary method for acute illnesses were reliable. Strategies are needed to address behavioural factors affecting maternal recording such that field studies can obtain accurate morbidity measurements with limited resources.
C1 [Thomas, Rahul Jacob; Ramanujam, Karthikeyan; Velusamy, Vasanthakumar; Kaliappan, Saravanakumar Puthupalayam; Kattula, Deepthi; Muliyil, Jayaprakash; Kang, Gagandeep] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Div Gastrointestinal Sci, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India.
RP Kang, G (reprint author), Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Div Gastrointestinal Sci, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India.
EM gkang@cmcvellore.ac.in
OI Kang, Gagandeep/0000-0002-3656-564X
FU National Institutes of Health [NIAID RO1 AI072222]; FIC training grant
   [D43 TW007392]
FX We would like to thank Mr. Ethiraj, Ms. Anjugadevi, Ms. Muthulakshmi,
   Ms. Magimai, Mr. Sivaprasath, Ms. Geetha and Mr. Ilaiyaraja for their
   help with the data collection, Mr. Kaviarasu and Mr. Shanmugam for their
   help with data entry. We are also grateful to the mothers and their
   families for their participation and support. This study was supported
   by National Institutes of Health grant NIAID RO1 AI072222. DK was
   supported by FIC training grant D43 TW007392 (GK).
CR Ansah EK, 2013, BMC PUBLIC HEALTH, V13, P1
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NR 27
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD
PI LONDON
PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND
SN 1471-2458
J9 BMC PUBLIC HEALTH
JI BMC Public Health
PD JAN 31
PY 2015
VL 15
AR 43
DI 10.1186/s12889-015-1372-7
PG 6
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA CB1WN
UT WOS:000349418800008
PM 25636981
OA DOAJ Gold, Green Published
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Bond, TA
   Joglekar, CV
   Marley-Zagar, E
   Lubree, HG
   Kumaran, K
   Yajnik, CS
   Fall, CHD
AF Bond, T. A.
   Joglekar, C. V.
   Marley-Zagar, E.
   Lubree, H. G.
   Kumaran, K.
   Yajnik, C. S.
   Fall, C. H. D.
TI Maternal vitamin B12 and folate status during pregnancy and insulin
   resistance and body composition in the offspring at 12 years in a rural
   Indian birth cohort: data from the Pune Maternal Nutrition Study
SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NUTRITION SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 [Marley-Zagar, E.; Fall, C. H. D.] Southampton Gen Hosp, MRC Lifecourse Epidemiol Unit, Southampton SO16 6YD, Hants, England.
   [Joglekar, C. V.; Lubree, H. G.; Kumaran, K.; Yajnik, C. S.] KEM Hosp & Res Ctr, Diabet Unit, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
CR Gluckman PD, 2008, NEW ENGL J MED, V359, P61, DOI 10.1056/NEJMra0708473
   Yajnik CS, 2008, DIABETOLOGIA, V51, P29, DOI 10.1007/s00125-007-0793-y
NR 2
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND
SN 0029-6651
EI 1475-2719
J9 P NUTR SOC
JI Proc. Nutr. Soc.
PY 2013
VL 72
IS OCE4
BP E306
EP E306
DI 10.1017/S0029665113003339
PG 1
WC Nutrition & Dietetics
SC Nutrition & Dietetics
GA 298VW
UT WOS:000330353600128
OA Bronze
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Kang, G
   Muliyil, J
AF Kang, Gagandeep
   Muliyil, Jayaprakash
TI Rotavirus Infection in an Indian Birth Cohort REPLY
SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
LA English
DT Letter
ID CHILDREN
C1 [Kang, Gagandeep; Muliyil, Jayaprakash] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
RP Kang, G (reprint author), Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
EM gkang@cmcvellore.ac.in
CR Albert MJ, 2003, J INFECT DIS, V187, P909, DOI 10.1086/368132
   *NAT FAM HLTH SURV, 2007, NUTR AN, V1, P267
   Rehman AM, 2009, NUTR J, V8, DOI 10.1186/1475-2891-8-44
   Serazin Andrew C, 2010, Nat Immunol, V11, P769, DOI 10.1038/ni0910-769
NR 4
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC
PI WALTHAM
PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA
SN 0028-4793
J9 NEW ENGL J MED
JI N. Engl. J. Med.
PD OCT 20
PY 2011
VL 365
IS 16
BP 1548
EP 1548
PG 1
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA 835BW
UT WOS:000296009500025
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Joglekar, CV
   Yajnik, CS
   Spurgeon, C
   Fall, C
   Krishnaveni, G
   Veena, S
   Mani, K
   Kumar, MVK
   Chandak, GR
AF Joglekar, C. V.
   Yajnik, C. S.
   Spurgeon, C.
   Fall, C.
   Krishnaveni, G.
   Veena, S.
   Mani, K.
   Kumar, M. V. K.
   Chandak, G. R.
TI Association of FUT2 and TCN2 Gene Polymorphisms with Maternal B-12
   Levels and Offspring Birth Weight and Insulin Resistance: Data from Two
   Indian Birth Cohorts
SO JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL ORIGINS OF HEALTH AND DISEASE
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 [Joglekar, C. V.; Yajnik, C. S.] King Edward Mem Hosp & Res Ctr, Diabet Unit, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
   [Spurgeon, C.; Mani, K.; Kumar, M. V. K.; Chandak, G. R.] Ctr Cellular & Mol Biol, Hyderabad 500007, Andhra Pradesh, India.
   [Fall, C.] Univ Southampton, MRC Lifecourse Epidemiol Unit, Southampton, Hants, England.
   [Krishnaveni, G.; Veena, S.] Holdsworth Mem Hosp, Epidemiol Res Unit, Mysore, Karnataka, India.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND
SN 2040-1744
J9 J DEV ORIG HLTH DIS
JI J. Dev. Orig. Health Dis.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 2
SU 1
BP S45
EP S45
PG 1
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA 837CK
UT WOS:000296168500147
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Yajnik, CS
   Chandak, GR
   Joglekar, CV
   Bhat, DS
   Katre, P
   Refsum, H
   Krishnaveni, G
   Veena, S
   Fall, C
AF Yajnik, C. S.
   Chandak, G. R.
   Joglekar, C. V.
   Bhat, D. S.
   Katre, P.
   Refsum, H.
   Krishnaveni, G.
   Veena, S.
   Fall, C.
TI Maternal Homocysteine Concentrations in Pregnancy and Offspring
   Birthweight: Epidemiological Associations and Use of Mendelian
   Randomization, in Two Indian Birth Cohorts
SO JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL ORIGINS OF HEALTH AND DISEASE
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 [Yajnik, C. S.; Joglekar, C. V.; Bhat, D. S.] King Edward Mem Hosp & Res Ctr, Diabet Unit, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
   [Chandak, G. R.] Ctr Cellular & Mol Biol, Hyderabad 500007, Andhra Pradesh, India.
   [Refsum, H.] Univ Oxford, Dept Physiol Anat & Genet, Oxford OX1 2JD, England.
   [Krishnaveni, G.; Veena, S.] Holdsworth Mem Hosp, Epidemiol Res Unit, Mysore, Karnataka, India.
   [Fall, C.] Univ Southampton, MRC Lifecopurse Epidemiol Unit, Southampton, Hants, England.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND
SN 2040-1744
J9 J DEV ORIG HLTH DIS
JI J. Dev. Orig. Health Dis.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 2
SU 1
BP S17
EP S18
PG 2
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA 837CK
UT WOS:000296168500054
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Jehan, I
   Goldenberg, R
   Solat, S
   Rizvi, S
   McClure, E
   Moss, N
   Pasha, O
   Harris, H
   Wright, L
AF Jehan, Imtiaz
   Goldenberg, Robert
   Solat, Sohail
   Rizvi, Sameera
   McClure, Elizabeth
   Moss, Nancy
   Pasha, Omrana
   Harris, Hillary
   Wright, Linda
TI Stillbirths in a prospectively evaluated birth cohort in Pakistan
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 27th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Maternal-Fetal-Medicine
CY FEB 05-10, 2007
CL San Francisco, CA
SP Soc Maternal Fetal Med
C1 Aga Khan Univ, Karachi, Pakistan.
   Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL USA.
   Res Triangle Inst, Chapel Hill, NC USA.
   Natl Inst Child & Human Dev, Rockville, MD USA.
   RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 0002-9378
J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL
JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol.
PD DEC
PY 2006
VL 195
IS 6
SU S
MA 588
BP S179
EP S179
DI 10.1016/j.ajog.2006.10.639
PG 1
WC Obstetrics & Gynecology
SC Obstetrics & Gynecology
GA 116WM
UT WOS:000242834500588
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Hossain, G
   Islam, N
   Alam, M
   Mahmud, N
AF Hossain, G
   Islam, N
   Alam, M
   Mahmud, N
TI Secular trends in height, weight and body mass index of Bangladeshi
   university female students from measurement year 1985 to 2003
SO MAN IN INDIA
LA English
DT Article
ID SOCIOECONOMIC-FACTORS; SKINFOLD THICKNESS; BIRTH COHORT; OBESITY;
   PREVALENCE; OVERWEIGHT; FINLAND; ADULTS; MEN; POPULATION
AB The aim of the present study was to document the presence of specific secular trends in body dimensions of Bangladeshi university female students. Height and weight were measured, and body mass index was calculated in a sample (n=1109) of first year female students of the Rajshahi University, Bangladesh, investigated the measurement year from 1985 to 2003. The subjects were all of Bangladeshi birth and ancestry. The samples were classified into 19 groups according to measurement year cohorts from 1985 to 2003. Trends in body measurements were examined by analysis of variance and linear regression analysis.
   Utilizing an ANOVA, height showed significant differences (p&LT; 0.01) overall measurement year cohorts from 1985 to 2003. However, weight and body mass iindex did not display significant ANOVA differences. Nevertheless, the slope of the regression line showed an increasing tendency for height and weight during the investigated period. The body mass index displayed remained unchanged, but slightly decreasing tendency was observed during the measurement period. These results suggest that the Bangladeshi adult female students have been improving health day by day.
C1 Rajshahi Univ, Dept Stat, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh.
RP Hossain, G (reprint author), Rajshahi Univ, Dept Stat, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh.
EM hossain95@yahoo.com
CR AlIsa AN, 1997, EUR J CLIN NUTR, V51, P743, DOI 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1600476
   Chiu HC, 2000, J GERONTOL A-BIOL, V55, pM684, DOI 10.1093/gerona/55.11.M684
   Cole TJ, 2000, P NUTR SOC, V59, P317, DOI 10.1017/S0029665100000355
   de Castro JJ, 1998, EUR J EPIDEMIOL, V14, P299
   Dey DK, 2001, J GERONTOL A-BIOL, V56, pM780, DOI 10.1093/gerona/56.12.M780
   FLEGAL KM, 1988, AM J CLIN NUTR, V48, P544
   FLEGAL KM, 1988, AM J CLIN NUTR, V48, P535
   GULLIFORD MC, 1992, J EPIDEMIOL COMMUN H, V46, P187, DOI 10.1136/jech.46.3.187
   Hulens M, 2001, INT J OBESITY, V25, P395, DOI 10.1038/sj.ijo.0801513
   KUSKOWSKAWOLK A, 1993, J EPIDEMIOL COMMUN H, V47, P103, DOI 10.1136/jech.47.2.103
   Lahti-Koski M, 2000, INT J OBESITY, V24, P1669, DOI 10.1038/sj.ijo.0801437
   Lahti-Koski M, 2001, INT J OBESITY, V25, P727, DOI 10.1038/sj.ijo.0801588
   Lewis CE, 2000, AM J EPIDEMIOL, V151, P1172
   Okasha M, 2003, INT J OBESITY, V27, P638, DOI 10.1038/sj.ijo.0802279
   Rasmussen F, 1999, ACTA PAEDIATR, V88, P431, DOI 10.1080/08035259950169837
   SHAH M, 1991, INT J OBESITY, V15, P499
   Silventoinen K, 2001, EUR J PUBLIC HEALTH, V11, P124, DOI 10.1093/eurpub/11.2.124
   Simmons G, 1996, NEW ZEAL MED J, V109, P90
   SORENSEN TIA, 1990, INT J OBESITY, V14, P411
   TOBIAS PV, 1977, MITTEILUNGEN ANTHR G, V103, P233
   Tremblay MS, 2002, INT J OBESITY, V26, P538, DOI 10.1038/sj/ijo/0801923
NR 21
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU MAN INDIA PUB
PI PATNA
PA 18 CHURCH ROAD, PATNA RANCHI-834 0, INDIA
SN 0025-1569
J9 MAN INDIA
JI Man India
PD JUL-DEC
PY 2004
VL 84
IS 3-4
BP 167
EP 177
PG 11
WC Anthropology
SC Anthropology
GA 924FQ
UT WOS:000228964800004
DA 2018-12-18
ER

PT J
AU Hagen, CA
   Fikree, FF
   Sherali, A
   Hoodbhoy, F
AF Hagen, CA
   Fikree, FF
   Sherali, A
   Hoodbhoy, F
TI Fertility and family planning trends in Karachi, Pakistan
SO INTERNATIONAL FAMILY PLANNING PERSPECTIVES
LA English
DT Article
AB Context: In Pakistan, total fertility rates are high, contraceptive prevalence is low and there is widespread disagreement over whether fertility has begun to decline. It is likely that any drop in births in Pakistan will be seen initially among urban, middle-class women.
   Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 3,301 households in urban Karachi collected information on the reproductive history and family planning knowledge and practices of 2,651 ever-married women aged 54 or younger. Birth-cohort analysis was used to identify time trends in fertility and use of modern contraceptives.
   Results: Respondents had more education and higher socioeconomic status than the national average. Their total fertility rate was 3.0 lifetime births per woman, the general fertility rate was 98.3 births per 1,000 women aged 15-49 and the crude birthrate was 23.2 births per 1,000 population. As recently as 1976, the TFR among the sample population had been 5.7 births per woman. Forty-two percent of married women aged 15-49 currently used a modern contraceptive method. Among women born in 1950-1954, 64% had ever used contraceptives, compared with 37% of women born in 1940-1944. The most commonly used contraceptive method among current users was the condom (40%), followed by tubal ligation (27%) and the IUD (12%). Overall, 53% of users obtained their method at pharmacies or markets, and 24% used private hospitals or clinics. Some 71% of currently married, nonpregnant respondents reported having achieved their desired family size.
   Conclusions: Among a relatively well-educated middle-class population in urban Karachi, there is a strong trend toward declining fertility and increasing utilization of contraceptives. However, considerable unmet need for family planning is still evident.
C1 Univ No British Columbia, Dept Community Hlth Sci, Prince George, BC V2L 5P2, Canada.
   Aga Khan Univ, Dept Community Hlth Sci, Karachi, Pakistan.
   Aga Khan Hlth Serv, Karachi, Pakistan.
RP Hagen, CA (reprint author), Univ No British Columbia, Dept Community Hlth Sci, Prince George, BC V2L 5P2, Canada.
CR Ahmed T., 1993, Demography India, V22, P31
   ASLAM A, 1993, POPULI          1108
   CERNADA GP, 1992, J FAM WELFARE, V38, P49
   FABRICANT SJ, 1993, B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN, V71, P341
   HAGEN CA, 1995, THESIS MCGILL U MONT
   Hanley JA, 1996, STUD FAMILY PLANN, V27, P220, DOI 10.2307/2137955
   *IRD MACR INT NAT, 1992, PAK DEM HLTH SURV 19
   *MIN POP WELF GOV, 1986, PAK CONTR PREV SURV
   *MIN POP WELF GOV, 1993, ACC POP WELF PLANN P
   *MIN POP WELF POP, 1995, PAK CONTR PREV SURV
   *PAK I DEV EC INT, 1981, POP LAB FORC MIGR SU
   Sathar Z A, 1993, Asian Pac Popul Forum, V6, P93
   Sathar Z.A., 1993, INT FAILY PLANNING P, V19, P142
   SATHAR ZA, 1996, HLTH POLICY PLANNING, V11, P30
   SATHAR ZA, 1994, POPUL DEV REV, V14, P415
   SHAH NM, 1986, PAKISTANI WOMEN SOCI
NR 16
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU ALAN GUTTMACHER INST
PI NEW YORK
PA 120 WALL STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10005 USA
SN 0162-2749
J9 INT FAM PLAN PERSPEC
JI Int. Fam. Plan. Perspect.
PD MAR
PY 1999
VL 25
IS 1
BP 38
EP 43
DI 10.2307/2991901
PG 6
WC Demography; Family Studies; Social Sciences, Biomedical
SC Demography; Family Studies; Biomedical Social Sciences
GA 179HB
UT WOS:000079319500007
DA 2018-12-18
ER

EF