A Risk Function for Behavioral Disruption of Blainville’s Beaked Whales (Mesoplodon densirostris) from Mid-Frequency Active Sonar

• David Moretti ,

  * E-mail: david.moretti@navy.mil

  Affiliation Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Newport, Rhode Island, United States of America

  ⨯
• Len Thomas,

  Affiliation Centre for Research into Ecological and Environmental Modelling, University of St Andrews, St. Andrews, Scotland

  ⨯
• Tiago Marques,

  Affiliation Centre for Research into Ecological and Environmental Modelling, University of St Andrews, St. Andrews, Scotland

  ⨯
• John Harwood,

  Affiliation Centre for Research into Ecological and Environmental Modelling, University of St Andrews, St. Andrews, Scotland

  ⨯
• Ashley Dilley,

  Affiliation Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Newport, Rhode Island, United States of America

  ⨯
• Bert Neales,

  Affiliation Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Newport, Rhode Island, United States of America

  ⨯
• Jessica Shaffer,

  Affiliation Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Newport, Rhode Island, United States of America

  ⨯
• Elena McCarthy,

  Affiliation Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Newport, Rhode Island, United States of America

  ⨯
• Leslie New,

  Affiliation U.S. Marine Mammal Commission, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

  ⨯
• Susan Jarvis,

  Affiliation Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Newport, Rhode Island, United States of America

  ⨯
• Ronald Morrissey

  Affiliation Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Newport, Rhode Island, United States of America

  ⨯