About the Authors

Tianyi Zhang

Affiliations Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America

Robert A. DeSimone

Affiliation Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America

Xiangmin Jiao

Affiliation Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America

F. James Rohlf

Affiliation Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America

Wei Zhu

Affiliation Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America

Qing Qing Gong

Affiliation Department of Medicine, Washington University-St. Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America

Steven R. Hunt

Affiliation Department of Surgery, Washington University-St. Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America

Themistocles Dassopoulos

Affiliation Department of Medicine, Washington University-St. Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America

Rodney D. Newberry

Affiliation Department of Medicine, Washington University-St. Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America

Erica Sodergren

Affiliation The Genome Institute, Washington University-St. Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America

George Weinstock

Affiliation The Genome Institute, Washington University-St. Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America

Charles E. Robertson

Affiliation Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America

Daniel N. Frank

Affiliation Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America

Ellen Li

Ellen.Li@stonybrook.edu

Affiliations Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America, Department of Medicine, Washington University-St. Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: SRH TD RDN DNF EL. Performed the experiments: QG GW ES. Analyzed the data: TZ RAD XJ FJR WZ CER DNF EL. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: TZ XJ SRH TD RDN CER DNF EL. Wrote the paper: TZ RAD XJ FJR WZ QG SRH TD RDN GW ES CER DNF EL.