About the Authors

Robert Trivers

trivers@rci.rutgers.edu

Affiliation Graduate Program in Ecology and Evolution, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America

Bernhard Fink

Affiliation Courant Research Centre, Evolution of Social Behavior & Institute of Psychology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany

Mark Russell

Affiliation Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom

Kristofor McCarty

Affiliation Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom

Bruce James

Affiliation MVP Track and Field Club, University of Technology, Kingston, Jamaica

Brian G. Palestis

Affiliation Department of Biological Sciences, Wagner College, Staten Island, New York, United States of America

Competing Interests

Bernhard Fink serves as an academic editor for PLOS ONE. This does not alter the authors’ adherence to PLOS ONE editorial policies and criteria. With regard to the affiliation of coauthor Bruce James: Mr. James has provided the authors with access to the sample of elite athletes of this present study; he has also been involved in the on-site measurement logistics and activities in Kingston. Aside from this, Mr. James had neither a financial interest nor an influence on the outcome of the study results. This does not alter the authors’ adherence to PLOS ONE editorial policies and criteria.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: RT. Performed the experiments: RT BF MR KM. Analyzed the data: BGP BF. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: RT BF MR KM BJ. Contributed to the writing of the manuscript: RT BGP BF. Provided access to elite Jamaican athletes: BJ.