About the Authors

Sarah Hanieh

haniehs@student.unimelb.edu.au

Affiliations Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom, Patan Academy Paediatric Research Unit, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal

Mainga Hamaluba

Affiliations Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom, Patan Academy Paediatric Research Unit, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal

Dominic F. Kelly

Affiliation Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom

Jane A. Metz

Affiliations Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom, Patan Academy Paediatric Research Unit, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal

Kelly L. Wyres

Affiliation Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Roberta Fisher

Affiliation Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Rahul Pradhan

Affiliation Patan Academy Paediatric Research Unit, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal

Disuja Shakya

Affiliation Patan Academy Paediatric Research Unit, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal

Lochan Shrestha

Affiliation Patan Academy Paediatric Research Unit, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal

Amrita Shrestha

Affiliation Patan Academy Paediatric Research Unit, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal

Anip Joshi

Affiliation Patan Academy Paediatric Research Unit, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal

Jocelyn Habens

Affiliation Patan Academy Paediatric Research Unit, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal

Bishnu D. Maharjan

Affiliation Patan Academy Paediatric Research Unit, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal

Stephen Thorson

Affiliation Patan Academy Paediatric Research Unit, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal

Erik Bohler

Affiliation Okhaldhunga Community Hospital, Okhaldhunga, Nepal

Ly-Mee Yu

Affiliation Nuffield Department of Primary Care and Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Sarah Kelly

Affiliation Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom

Emma Plested

Affiliation Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom

Tessa John

Affiliation Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom

Anja M. Werno

Affiliations Department of Pathology, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand, Canterbury Health Laboratories, Christchurch, New Zealand

Neelam Adhikari

Affiliation Patan Academy Paediatric Research Unit, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal

David R. Murdoch

Affiliations Department of Pathology, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand, Canterbury Health Laboratories, Christchurch, New Zealand

Angela B. Brueggemann

Affiliation Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Andrew J. Pollard

Affiliation Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

AJP conducts clinical trials on behalf of the University of Oxford that are sponsored by manufacturers of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines but does not receive any personal payments from them. The University of Oxford receives unrestricted educational grants for courses and conferences organised by AJP from vaccine manufacturers. DFK has received support to attend scientific meetings from GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals SA and Pfizer and holds research funding through the University of Oxford from GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals SA. We declare that authors AW and DRM are employed by Canterbury Health Laboratories. This does not alter the authors' adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: SH DFK ST LY SK AB AJP. Performed the experiments: SH MH JM KW RF RP DS LS AS AJ JH BM AW AB. Analyzed the data: SH MH DFK LY. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: ST EB EP TJ AW NA DRM ABB AJP. Wrote the paper: SH MH DFK JM AB AJP.