About the Authors

Sayoko Ueda

sykueda.ookami@gmail.com

Affiliations Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan, Wildlife Research Center of Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan

Gaku Kumagai

Affiliation Tama Zoological Park, Tokyo Zoological Park Society, Tokyo, Japan

Yusuke Otaki

Current address: Nogeyama Zoological Gardens, Yokohama, Japan

Affiliation Yokohama Zoological Gardens, Yokohama, Japan

Shinya Yamaguchi

Current address: Nogeyama Zoological Gardens, Yokohama, Japan

Affiliation Yokohama Zoological Gardens, Yokohama, Japan

Shiro Kohshima

Affiliation Wildlife Research Center of Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: SU SK. Performed the experiments: SU GK YO SY SK. Analyzed the data: SU SK. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: GK YO SY. Wrote the paper: SU SK.