About the Authors

David A. X. Nayagam

dnayagam@bionicsinstitute.org

Affiliations Bionics Institute, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia

Richard A. Williams

Affiliations Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, Department of Anatomical Pathology, St Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia

Penelope J. Allen

Affiliations Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

Mohit N. Shivdasani

Affiliations Bionics Institute, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, Medical Bionics Department, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

Chi D. Luu

Affiliation Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

Cesar M. Salinas-LaRosa

Affiliation Department of Anatomical Pathology, St Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia

Sue Finch

Affiliation Statistical Consulting Centre, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia

Lauren N. Ayton

Affiliation Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

Alexia L. Saunders

Affiliation Bionics Institute, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

Michelle McPhedran

Affiliation Bionics Institute, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

Ceara McGowan

Affiliation Bionics Institute, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

Joel Villalobos

Affiliation Bionics Institute, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

James B. Fallon

Affiliations Bionics Institute, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, Medical Bionics Department, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

Andrew K. Wise

Affiliations Bionics Institute, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, Department of Otolaryngology, The University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, Medical Bionics Department, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

Jonathan Yeoh

Affiliations Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

Jin Xu

Affiliations Bionics Institute, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, The HEARing Cooperative Research Centre, The University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, Department of Otolaryngology, The University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

Helen Feng

Affiliations Bionics Institute, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, Department of Otolaryngology, The University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

Rodney Millard

Affiliation Bionics Institute, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

Melanie McWade

Affiliations Bionics Institute, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, Biomedical Engineering Department, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America

Patrick C. Thien

Affiliation Bionics Institute, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

Chris E. Williams

Affiliations Bionics Institute, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, Medical Bionics Department, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

Robert K. Shepherd

Affiliations Bionics Institute, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, Medical Bionics Department, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

Competing Interests

PA, MS, JV, and CW have assigned Bionic Vision Australia intellectual property to Bionic Vision Technologies (BVT) Pty Ltd in the field of Vision Prostheses. Patents: US 8583243 - Apparatus for stimulating and/or monitoring activity in tissue; and US 13/516752 - Method and apparatus for stimulating retinal nerve cells. There are no further patents, products in development or marketed products to declare. This does not alter the authors’ adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: DAXN RAW PJA MNS CDL CEW RKS. Performed the experiments: DAXN PJA MNS CDL LNA ALS M. McPhedran CM JBF AKW JY CEW RKS. Analyzed the data: DAXN RAW MNS CDL CMS SF LNA ALS M. McPhedran CM JV JBF M. McWade PCT CEW. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: JV JX HF RM. Wrote the paper: DAXN RAW MNS CDL SF LNA ALS CM JV JBF PCT CEW RKS.