About the Authors

Dorit Hammerling

Affiliation Statistical and Applied Mathematical Sciences Institute, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America

Matthew Cefalu

Affiliation Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Jessi Cisewski

Affiliation Department of Statistics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Francesca Dominici

Affiliation Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Giovanni Parmigiani

Affiliations Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Charles Paulson

Affiliation Puffinware LLC, State College, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Richard L. Smith

rls@email.unc.edu

Affiliations Statistical and Applied Mathematical Sciences Institute, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America, Department of Statistics and Operations Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America

Competing Interests

Charles Paulson is the owner of Puffinware LLC. The company is not involved in any consultancy, patents, or products (in development or on the market) relevant to this paper. This does not alter the authors' adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Analyzed the data: RS DH MC JC FD GP CP. Wrote the paper: RS DH MC JC FD GP CP.