About the Authors

Austin J. Case

Current address: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United states of America

Affiliation Department of Crop and Soil Science, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America

Yukiko Naruoka

Affiliation Department of Crop and Soil Science, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America

Xianming Chen

Affiliation Wheat Genetics, Quality, Physiology, and Disease Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Pullman, Washington, United States of America

Kimberly A. Garland-Campbell

Affiliation Wheat Genetics, Quality, Physiology, and Disease Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Pullman, Washington, United States of America

Robert S. Zemetra

Affiliation Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America

Arron H. Carter

ahcarter@wsu.edu

Affiliation Department of Crop and Soil Science, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: AHC RSZ. Performed the experiments: AJC YN XC AHC. Analyzed the data: AJC YN KAGC AHC. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: AHC. Wrote the paper: AJC AHC.