About the Authors

Nobuo Okahashi

okahashi@dent.osaka-u.ac.jp

Affiliation Department of Oral Frontier Biology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita-Osaka, Japan

Tomoko Sumitomo

Affiliation Department of Oral and Molecular Microbiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita-Osaka, Japan

Masanobu Nakata

Affiliation Department of Oral and Molecular Microbiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita-Osaka, Japan

Atsuo Sakurai

Affiliation Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Oral Health Science Center hrc8, Tokyo Dental College, Chiba, Japan

Hirotaka Kuwata

Affiliation Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan

Shigetada Kawabata

Affiliation Department of Oral and Molecular Microbiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita-Osaka, Japan

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: NO. Performed the experiments: NO TS MN HK. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: TS MN AS SK. Wrote the paper: NO MN HK.