About the Authors
- Antje Hammer
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* E-mail: antje.hammer@uk-koeln.de
Affiliation Institute for Medical Sociology, Health Services Research and Rehabilitation Science, Faculty of Human Science and Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Onyebuchi A. Arah
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Affiliations Department of Epidemiology, University of California Los Angeles Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, United States of America, University of California Los Angeles Center for Health Policy Research, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Maral DerSarkissian
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Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, University of California Los Angeles Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Caroline A. Thompson
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Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, University of California Los Angeles Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Russell Mannion
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Affiliation School of Social Policy, HSMC, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Cordula Wagner
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Affiliations NIVEL, Nederlands instituut voor onderzoek van de gezondheidszorg, Utrecht, The Netherlands, Department of Public and Occupational Health, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oliver Ommen
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Affiliation Institute for Medical Sociology, Health Services Research and Rehabilitation Science, Faculty of Human Science and Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Rosa Sunol
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Affiliations Avedis Donabedian Research Institute (FAD), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, Red de investigación en servicios de salud en enfermedades crónicas (REDISSEC), Spain
- Holger Pfaff
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Affiliation Institute for Medical Sociology, Health Services Research and Rehabilitation Science, Faculty of Human Science and Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- on behalf of the DUQuE Project Consortium
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¶Members of the DUQuE Project Consortium can be found in the acknowledgments.
Competing Interests
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Author Contributions
Conceived and designed the experiments: AH OAA MD CAT RM CW OO RS HP. Analyzed the data: AH MD CAT OAA. Wrote the manuscript: AH. Responsible for the data collection in Germany: AH HP. Observed and organized the whole data collection in the DUQUE-Project: RS. Followed and advised data collection: OAA MD CAT RM CW OO. Made numerous critiques and suggested specific wording and references: AH OAA MD CAT RM CW OO RS HP.