About the Authors

Alessandra Di Penta

Contributed equally to this work with: Alessandra Di Penta, Asako Chiba

Affiliations Neurogenomiks Laboratory, University of Basque Country (UPV/ EHU), Zamudio, Spain, Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Zamudio, Spain

Asako Chiba

Contributed equally to this work with: Alessandra Di Penta, Asako Chiba

Affiliations Department of Immunology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan, Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

Iraide Alloza

Affiliations Neurogenomiks Laboratory, University of Basque Country (UPV/ EHU), Zamudio, Spain, Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Zamudio, Spain, IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain

Ane Wyssenbach

Affiliation Neurotek Laboratory, University of Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Zamudio, Spain

Takashi Yamamura

Affiliation Department of Immunology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan

Pablo Villoslada

Affiliation Center of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Biomedical Research August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS) – Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

Sachiko Miyake

Affiliations Department of Immunology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan, Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

Koen Vandenbroeck

k.vandenbroeck@ikerbasque.org

Affiliations Neurogenomiks Laboratory, University of Basque Country (UPV/ EHU), Zamudio, Spain, Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Zamudio, Spain, IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain

Competing Interests

The authors declare that Pablo Villoslada, as one of the co-authors of the manuscript, is a PLOS ONE Editorial Board. This does not alter the authors' adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Performed the experiments: AdP AC AW. Analyzed the data: AdP AC IA TY PV SM KV. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: KV PV SM TY. Wrote the manuscript: AdP AC SM KV. Carried out the microscopy, molecular studies, organotypic cultures, EAE model and performed the statistical analysis: AdP AC. Performed astrocytes cultures: AW. Participated in the design and interpretation of the study: AdP AC IA PV SM TY KV. Read and approved the final manuscript: AdP AC IA AW PV SM TY KV.