About the Authors

Steven Hawken

Affiliations ICES uOttawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

Jeffrey C. Kwong

Affiliations Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Shelley L. Deeks

Affiliations Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Natasha S. Crowcroft

Affiliations Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Robin Ducharme

Affiliations ICES uOttawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

Douglas G. Manuel

Affiliations ICES uOttawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, Department of Family Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

Kumanan Wilson

kwilson@ohri.ca

Affiliations ICES uOttawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, Department of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: SH KW. Analyzed the data: SH. Wrote the paper: SH KW. Contributed to interpretation of data, reviewed the manuscript, gave feedback on important intellectual content and approved the final version: SLD NSC JCK RD DGM.