About the Authors

Karita Negandhi

Affiliation Centre for Northern Studies (CEN) and Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Quebec, Canada

Isabelle Laurion

Affiliation Centre for Northern Studies (CEN) and Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Quebec, Canada

Michael J. Whiticar

Affiliation School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada

Pierre E. Galand

Affiliations UPMC Université Paris 06, (UMR 8222, LECOB), Observatoire Océanologique, Banyuls-sur-mer, France, CNRS, UMR 8222, LECOB, Observatoire Océanologique, Banyuls-sur-mer, France

Xiaomei Xu

Affiliation Department of Earth System Science, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America

Connie Lovejoy

connie.lovejoy@bio.ulaval.ca

Affiliation Département de biologie, Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes, Université Laval, and Takuvik (CNRS, UMI 3376), Quebec, Canada

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: KN IL CL. Performed the experiments: KN IL. Analyzed the data: KN IL XX MJW PEG. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: IL CL XX MJW. Wrote the paper: KN IL CL PEG XX MJW.