About the Authors
- Giulio Bernardi
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Affiliations Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy, Clinical Psychology Branch, University of Pisa, AOUP Santa Chiara, Pisa, Italy
- Emiliano Ricciardi
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Affiliations Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy, MRI Laboratory, Fondazione Regione Toscana/CNR ‘G.Monasterio’, Pisa, Italy
- Lorenzo Sani
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Affiliation Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Anna Gaglianese
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Affiliation Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Alessandra Papasogli
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Affiliation Formula Medicine, Viareggio, Italy
- Riccardo Ceccarelli
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Affiliation Formula Medicine, Viareggio, Italy
- Ferdinando Franzoni
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Affiliation Sport Medicine Unit, Department of Clinical and Sperimental Medicine, University of Pisa, AOUP Santa Chiara, Pisa, Italy
- Fabio Galetta
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Affiliation Sport Medicine Unit, Department of Clinical and Sperimental Medicine, University of Pisa, AOUP Santa Chiara, Pisa, Italy
- Gino Santoro
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Affiliation Sport Medicine Unit, Department of Clinical and Sperimental Medicine, University of Pisa, AOUP Santa Chiara, Pisa, Italy
- Rainer Goebel
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Affiliation Maastricht Brain Imaging Center, Universiteit Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Pietro Pietrini
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* E-mail: pietro.pietrini@med.unipi.it
Affiliations Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy, Clinical Psychology Branch, University of Pisa, AOUP Santa Chiara, Pisa, Italy
Competing Interests
The authors have read the journal's policy and have the following conflicts: Formula Medicine is a profit organization that provides training-facilities and medical assistance for professional drivers. RC and AP were paid employees of Formula Medicine at the time of data acquisition, and were directly involved in car racers recruitment and preliminary screening. No financial funding was received from Formula Medicine for this study. This does not alter the authors' adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.
Author Contributions
Conceived and designed the experiments: ER RC FF GS RG PP. Performed the experiments: GB ER LS. Analyzed the data: GB AG ER. Wrote the manuscript: GB ER PP. Enrolled and screened participants: GB ER AP RC FF GS FG PP.