About the Authors

Sydney M. Shaffer

Affiliation Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Min-Tzu Wu

Affiliation Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Marshall J. Levesque

Affiliation Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Arjun Raj

arjunraj@seas.upenn.edu

Affiliation Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Competing Interests

AR and SMS are inventors on a US provisional patent application (No. 61/842,201) entitled “A Method for Rapid Ribonucleic Acid Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization” that covers the material in this manuscript. AR, SMS, and MJL receive royalties from this and other related patents. AR receives consulting income from Biosearch Technologies on related methods to those described in this manuscript. This does not affect the authors’ adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on data sharing and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: AR SS MJL. Performed the experiments: SS MW. Analyzed the data: SS. Wrote the paper: AR SS.