About the Authors

Helge Niemann

helge.niemann@unibas.ch

Affiliations Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany

Peter Linke

Affiliations Sonderforschungsbereich 574, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany, Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, GEOMAR, Kiel, Germany

Katrin Knittel

Affiliation Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany

Enrique MacPherson

Affiliation Centro de Estudios Avanzados de Blanes (CEAB-CSIC), Blanes, Spain

Antje Boetius

Affiliations Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany, Alfred Wegener Institute for Marine and Polar Research, Bremerhaven, Germany

Warner Brückmann

Affiliations Sonderforschungsbereich 574, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany, Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, GEOMAR, Kiel, Germany

Gaute Larvik

Affiliation Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany

Klaus Wallmann

Affiliations Sonderforschungsbereich 574, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany, Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, GEOMAR, Kiel, Germany

Ulrike Schacht

Current address: CO2CRC, Australian School of Petroleum, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia

Affiliation Sonderforschungsbereich 574, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany

Enoma Omoregie

Affiliations Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany, Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC/INTA), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid, Spain

David Hilton

Affiliation Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, United States of America

Kevin Brown

Affiliation Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, United States of America

Gregor Rehder

Affiliations Sonderforschungsbereich 574, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany, Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde (IOW), Rostock, Germany

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: HN PL. Performed the experiments: HN PL GL KW EO. Analyzed the data: HN PL KK EM. Wrote the paper: HN PL KK EM AB WB GL KW US EO DH KB GR.