About the Authors

George E. Heimpel

heimp001@umn.edu

Affiliation Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America

Yi Yang

Affiliation Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Bárbara, California, United States of America

Jason D. Hill

Affiliation Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America

David W. Ragsdale

Affiliation Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors declare that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: GEH JDH YY. Performed the experiments: JDH YY. Analyzed the data: JDH YY GEH. Wrote the manuscript: GEH JH DWR.