About the Authors

Tina Shah

Contributed equally to this work with: Tina Shah, Jorgen Engmann, Caroline Dale, Sonia Shah, Jon White, Claudia Giambartolomei, Stela McLachlan, Delilah Zabaneh, Alana Cavadino, Chris Finan

t.shah@ucl.ac.uk

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, UCL Institute of Epidemiology & Health Care, University College London, London, United Kingdom

Jorgen Engmann

Contributed equally to this work with: Tina Shah, Jorgen Engmann, Caroline Dale, Sonia Shah, Jon White, Claudia Giambartolomei, Stela McLachlan, Delilah Zabaneh, Alana Cavadino, Chris Finan

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, UCL Institute of Epidemiology & Health Care, University College London, London, United Kingdom

Caroline Dale

Contributed equally to this work with: Tina Shah, Jorgen Engmann, Caroline Dale, Sonia Shah, Jon White, Claudia Giambartolomei, Stela McLachlan, Delilah Zabaneh, Alana Cavadino, Chris Finan

Affiliation Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

Sonia Shah

Contributed equally to this work with: Tina Shah, Jorgen Engmann, Caroline Dale, Sonia Shah, Jon White, Claudia Giambartolomei, Stela McLachlan, Delilah Zabaneh, Alana Cavadino, Chris Finan

Affiliation University College London Genetics Institute, Department of Genetics, Environment and Evolution, London, United Kingdom

Jon White

Contributed equally to this work with: Tina Shah, Jorgen Engmann, Caroline Dale, Sonia Shah, Jon White, Claudia Giambartolomei, Stela McLachlan, Delilah Zabaneh, Alana Cavadino, Chris Finan

Affiliation University College London Genetics Institute, Department of Genetics, Environment and Evolution, London, United Kingdom

Claudia Giambartolomei

Contributed equally to this work with: Tina Shah, Jorgen Engmann, Caroline Dale, Sonia Shah, Jon White, Claudia Giambartolomei, Stela McLachlan, Delilah Zabaneh, Alana Cavadino, Chris Finan

Affiliation University College London Genetics Institute, Department of Genetics, Environment and Evolution, London, United Kingdom

Stela McLachlan

Contributed equally to this work with: Tina Shah, Jorgen Engmann, Caroline Dale, Sonia Shah, Jon White, Claudia Giambartolomei, Stela McLachlan, Delilah Zabaneh, Alana Cavadino, Chris Finan

Affiliation Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Delilah Zabaneh

Contributed equally to this work with: Tina Shah, Jorgen Engmann, Caroline Dale, Sonia Shah, Jon White, Claudia Giambartolomei, Stela McLachlan, Delilah Zabaneh, Alana Cavadino, Chris Finan

Affiliation University College London Genetics Institute, Department of Genetics, Environment and Evolution, London, United Kingdom

Alana Cavadino

Contributed equally to this work with: Tina Shah, Jorgen Engmann, Caroline Dale, Sonia Shah, Jon White, Claudia Giambartolomei, Stela McLachlan, Delilah Zabaneh, Alana Cavadino, Chris Finan

Affiliation MRC Centre of Epidemiology for Child Health, Department of Population Health Sciences, UCL Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom

Chris Finan

Contributed equally to this work with: Tina Shah, Jorgen Engmann, Caroline Dale, Sonia Shah, Jon White, Claudia Giambartolomei, Stela McLachlan, Delilah Zabaneh, Alana Cavadino, Chris Finan

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, UCL Institute of Epidemiology & Health Care, University College London, London, United Kingdom

Andrew Wong

Affiliation MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, London, United Kingdom

Antoinette Amuzu

Affiliation Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

Ken Ong

Affiliations MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, London, United Kingdom, MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Tom Gaunt

Affiliation MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom

Michael V. Holmes

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, UCL Institute of Epidemiology & Health Care, University College London, London, United Kingdom

Helen Warren

Affiliation Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

Teri-Louise Davies

Affiliation MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom

Fotios Drenos

Affiliation Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Dept. of Medicine, British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Rayne Building, Royal Free and University College Medical School, London, United Kingdom

Jackie Cooper

Affiliation Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Dept. of Medicine, British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Rayne Building, Royal Free and University College Medical School, London, United Kingdom

Reecha Sofat

Affiliation Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom

Mark Caulfield

Affiliation William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London. Queen Mary's School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, United Kingdom

Shah Ebrahim

Affiliation Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

Debbie A. Lawlor

Affiliation MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom

Philippa J. Talmud

Affiliation Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Dept. of Medicine, British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Rayne Building, Royal Free and University College Medical School, London, United Kingdom

Steve E. Humphries

Affiliation Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Dept. of Medicine, British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Rayne Building, Royal Free and University College Medical School, London, United Kingdom

Christine Power

Affiliation MRC Centre of Epidemiology for Child Health, Department of Population Health Sciences, UCL Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom

Elina Hypponen

Affiliation MRC Centre of Epidemiology for Child Health, Department of Population Health Sciences, UCL Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom

Marcus Richards

Affiliation MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, London, United Kingdom

Rebecca Hardy

Affiliation MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, London, United Kingdom

Diana Kuh

Affiliation MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, London, United Kingdom

Nicholas Wareham

Affiliation MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Yoav Ben-Shlomo

Affiliation School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom

Ian N. Day

Affiliation MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom

Peter Whincup

Affiliation Division of Population Health Sciences and Education, St George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom

Richard Morris

Affiliation Department of Primary Care & Population Health, University College London, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom

Mark W. J. Strachan

Affiliation Metabolic Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Jacqueline Price

Affiliation Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Meena Kumari

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, UCL Institute of Epidemiology & Health Care, University College London, London, United Kingdom

Mika Kivimaki

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, UCL Institute of Epidemiology & Health Care, University College London, London, United Kingdom

Vincent Plagnol

Affiliation University College London Genetics Institute, Department of Genetics, Environment and Evolution, London, United Kingdom

Frank Dudbridge

Affiliation Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

John C. Whittaker

Affiliation Genetics Division, Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Harlow, United Kingdom

Juan P. Casas

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, UCL Institute of Epidemiology & Health Care, University College London, London, United Kingdom, Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

Aroon D. Hingorani

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, UCL Institute of Epidemiology & Health Care, University College London, London, United Kingdom, Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have the following interests. John C Whittaker is an employee of GlaxoSmithKline. This study was partly funded by Du Pont Pharma, Wilmington, USA, Bayer plc (Unrestricted Investigator Led Grant) and Pfizer plc (Unrestricted Investigator Led Grant). There are no patents, products in development or marketed products to declare. This does not alter the authors' adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials, as detailed online in the guide for authors.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: ADH JPC MK MK SEH DK EH CP RM SE PW JP TG IND YBS DAL. Performed the experiments: TS CD SS JW CG SM AC AW KO MVH TG. Analyzed the data: TS JE CD SS JW CG SM DZ AC CF HW AA TLD FD JC. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: ADH JPC MK MK SEH RH DH EH CP RM SE PW JP TG IND YBS DAL MC NW MWJS. Wrote the paper: TS JE CD SS JW CG SM DZ AC CF AW TG MVH HW FD RS PJT SEH EH IND RM JP MK MK VP FD JCW JPC ADH.