About the Authors

Jeffery S. Pettis

Affiliation Bee Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, Maryland, United States of America

Elinor M. Lichtenberg

Affiliation Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, Maryland, United States of America

Michael Andree

Affiliation Cooperative Extension Butte County, University of California, Oroville, California, United States of America

Jennie Stitzinger

Affiliation Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, Maryland, United States of America

Robyn Rose

Affiliation USDA-APHIS, Riverdale, Maryland, United States of America

Dennis vanEngelsdorp

dennis.vanengelsdorp@gmail.com

Affiliation Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, Maryland, United States of America

Competing Interests

Dennis vanEngesldorp is a PLOS ONE Editor. All other authors have declared that no competing interests exist. This does not alter the authors' adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: JSP RR DV. Performed the experiments: JSP MA JS DV. Analyzed the data: EML DV. Wrote the paper: JP EML DV.