About the Authors

Henry E. Wang

hwang@uabmc.edu

Affiliation Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America

Nathan I. Shapiro

Affiliation Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Monika M. Safford

Affiliation Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama School of Medicine Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America

Russell Griffin

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America

Suzanne Judd

Affiliation Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America

Joel B. Rodgers

Affiliation Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America

David G. Warnock

Affiliation Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America

Mary Cushman

Affiliation Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America

George Howard

Affiliation Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: HEW NIS MMS GH. Analyzed the data: RG HEW. Wrote the paper: HEW. Coordinated data collection: HEW MMS RG JBR. Contributed to the review and interpretation of results: HEW NIS MMS RG SJ JBR DGW MC GH. Contributed to the critical revision and final approval of the manuscript: HEW NIS MMS RG SJ JBR DGW MC GH.

.