About the Authors

Emma S. Garratt

Affiliation Academic Unit of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom

Mark H. Vickers

Affiliation Liggins Institute and the National Research Centre for Growth and Development, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand

Peter D. Gluckman

Affiliation Liggins Institute and the National Research Centre for Growth and Development, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand

Mark A. Hanson

Affiliation Academic Unit of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom

Graham C. Burdge

Contributed equally to this work with: Graham C. Burdge, Karen A. Lillycrop

Affiliation Academic Unit of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom

Karen A. Lillycrop

Contributed equally to this work with: Graham C. Burdge, Karen A. Lillycrop

kal@soton.ac.uk

Affiliation Centre for Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: KAL MHV PDG MAH GCB. Performed the experiments: ESG MHV KAL. Analyzed the data: ESG GCB KAL. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: ESG MHV GCB KAL. Wrote the paper: ESG MHV PDG MAH GCB KAL.