About the Authors

Kristin Palmsten

kkp762@mail.harvard.edu

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Krista F. Huybrechts

Affiliation Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Helen Mogun

Affiliation Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Mary K. Kowal

Affiliation Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Paige L. Williams

Affiliation Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Karin B. Michels

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Institute for Prevention and Cancer Epidemiology, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany

Soko Setoguchi

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America

Sonia Hernández-Díaz

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Competing Interests

This work was supported by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) (Grant R01HS018533 to SHD). Kristin Palmsten is supported by Training Grant T32HD060454 in Reproductive, Perinatal and Pediatric Epidemiology from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health. The Pharmacoepidemiology Program at the Harvard School of Public Health receives funding from Pfizer and Asisa. SHD has consulted for GSK and Novartis. The sources of funding and potential conflicts of interest do not alter the authors' adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: KP KFH HM MKK SS SHD. Performed the experiments: KP KFH HM MKK. Analyzed the data: KP KFH HM. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: KFH SS SHD. Wrote the paper: KP. Interpretation of data: KP KFH HM MKK PLW KM SHD. Critically revised manuscript: KFH HM MKK PLW KM SS SHD.