About the Authors

Karoliina Wehkalampi

wehkalampi@helsinki.fi

Affiliations Department of Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Children’s Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland

Mari Muurinen

Affiliations Research Programs Unit, Molecular Medicine Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

Sara Bruce Wirta

Current address: IMS Health Sweden, Stockholm, Sweden

Affiliation Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Center for Biosciences, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden

Katariina Hannula-Jouppi

Affiliations Skin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland, Research Programs Unit, Molecular Medicine Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

Petteri Hovi

Affiliations Department of Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Children’s Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland

Anna-Liisa Järvenpää

Affiliation Children’s Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland

Johan G. Eriksson

Affiliations Department of Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Unit of General Practice, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland, Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, Folkhälsan Research Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

Sture Andersson

Affiliation Children’s Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland

Juha Kere

Affiliations Research Programs Unit, Molecular Medicine Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Center for Biosciences, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden

Eero Kajantie

Affiliations Department of Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Children’s Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: KW PH MM SBW JK EK. Performed the experiments: MM SBW EK. Analyzed the data: KW MM SBW PH JK EK. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: SBW EK JGE EK. Wrote the paper: KW MM KH-J PH JK EK SA JGE. Collected the participants and performed the clinical studies: PH A-LJ JGE SA EK.