About the Authors

C. Andy Schuetz

andy.schuetz@archimedesmodel.com

Affiliation Archimedes, Inc., San Francisco, California, United States of America

Peter Alperin

Affiliation Archimedes, Inc., San Francisco, California, United States of America

Swathi Guda

Affiliation Archimedes, Inc., San Francisco, California, United States of America

Andrew van Herick

Affiliation Archimedes, Inc., San Francisco, California, United States of America

Bertrand Cariou

Affiliation Clinique d'Endocrinologie, l'Institut du Thorax, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France

David Eddy

Affiliation Archimedes, Inc., San Francisco, California, United States of America

Janusz Gumprecht

Affiliation Department of Internal Diseases, Diabetology and Nephrology, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland

Antonio Nicolucci

Affiliation Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Epidemiology, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro, Italy

Peter Schwarz

Affiliation Department of Medicine III Prevention and Care of Diabetes , University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany

Nick J. Wareham

Affiliation Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Daniel R. Witte

Affiliation Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark

Ulf Smith

Affiliation Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden

Competing Interests

CAS, PA, SG, AvH, and DE are employees of Archimedes Inc, and declare financial support for the submitted work from Novo Nordisk Company. BC has served on the advisory panel for Novo Nordisk, and received research support from Novo Nordisk. AN has board membership for Merck Sharp & Dohme, and Novartis, does consultancy of Novo Nordisk, and has research grants from Novo Nordisk, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Eli Lilly, and Sanofi Aventis. PS is a board member of EMPERRA GmbH. The remaining authors declare no support from any organization for the submitted work. This does not alter the authors' adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: CAS PA SG AvH BC DE JG AN PS NW DW US. Performed the experiments: CAS PA SG AvH BC DE JG AN PS NW DW US. Analyzed the data: CAS PA SG AvH BC DE JG AN PS NW DW US. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: CAS PA SG AvH. Wrote the paper: CAS PA SG AvH BC DE JG AN PS NW DW US.