About the Authors
- Christian Hoffmann
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Affiliations Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiania, Goiás, Brazil
- Serena Dollive
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Affiliation Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Stephanie Grunberg
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Affiliation Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Jun Chen
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Affiliation Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Hongzhe Li
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Affiliations Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Gary D. Wu
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* E-mail: gdwu@mail.med.upenn.edu (GDW); lewisjd@mail.med.upenn.edu (JDL); bushman@mail.med.upenn.edu (FDB)
Affiliation Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- James D. Lewis
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* E-mail: gdwu@mail.med.upenn.edu (GDW); lewisjd@mail.med.upenn.edu (JDL); bushman@mail.med.upenn.edu (FDB)
Affiliations Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Frederic D. Bushman
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* E-mail: gdwu@mail.med.upenn.edu (GDW); lewisjd@mail.med.upenn.edu (JDL); bushman@mail.med.upenn.edu (FDB)
Affiliation Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
Competing Interests
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Author Contributions
Conceived and designed the experiments: CH GDW JDL FDB. Performed the experiments: CH SD SG. Analyzed the data: CH JC HL. Wrote the paper: CH FDB.