About the Authors

Daiki D. Horikawa

horikawadd@gmail.com (DDH); Lynn.J.Rothschild@nasa.gov (LJR)

Affiliations Biospheric Science Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, United States of America, NASA Astrobiology Institute

John Cumbers

Affiliations Biospheric Science Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, United States of America, Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America

Iori Sakakibara

Affiliations INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France, CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France

Dana Rogoff

Affiliation Biospheric Science Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, United States of America

Stefan Leuko

Current address: German Aerospace Center (DLR e.V.), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Radiation Biology Department, Linder Hoehe, Cologne (Koeln), Germany

Affiliation Biospheric Science Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, United States of America

Raechel Harnoto

Affiliation California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California, United States of America

Kazuharu Arakawa

Affiliation Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Fujisawa, Japan

Toshiaki Katayama

Affiliation Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

Takekazu Kunieda

Affiliation Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

Atsushi Toyoda

Affiliation Center for Information Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan

Asao Fujiyama

Affiliation Principles of Informatics Research Division, National Institute of Informatics, Tokyo, Japan

Lynn J. Rothschild

horikawadd@gmail.com (DDH); Lynn.J.Rothschild@nasa.gov (LJR)

Affiliations Biospheric Science Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, United States of America, NASA Astrobiology Institute, Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: DDH LJR. Performed the experiments: DDH JC IS RH . Analyzed the data: DDH JC IS KA IS. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: JC DR SL KA T. Katayama T. Kunieda AT AF. Wrote the paper: DDH LJR.