About the Authors

Tadanobu Takahashi

Affiliations Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America, Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, and Global COE Program for Innovation in Human Health Sciences, Shizuoka, Japan

Jiasheng Song

Affiliation Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America

Takashi Suzuki

suzukit@u-shizuoka-ken.ac.jp (TS); kawaokay@svm.vetmed.wisc.edu (YK)

Affiliation Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, and Global COE Program for Innovation in Human Health Sciences, Shizuoka, Japan

Yoshihiro Kawaoka

suzukit@u-shizuoka-ken.ac.jp (TS); kawaokay@svm.vetmed.wisc.edu (YK)

Affiliations Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America, Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: TT TS YK. Performed the experiments: TT JS. Analyzed the data: TT TS YK. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: TT TS YK. Wrote the paper: TT.