About the Authors

Pratima Kunwar

Affiliations Viral Vaccine Program, Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Department of Global Health, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Natalie Hawkins

Affiliation Statistical Center for HIV Research and Prevention, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Warren L. Dinges

Affiliations Viral Vaccine Program, Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Polyclinic Infectious Disease, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Yi Liu

Affiliation Department of Microbiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Erin E. Gabriel

Affiliation Statistical Center for HIV Research and Prevention, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

David A. Swan

Affiliation Statistical Center for HIV Research and Prevention, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Claire E. Stevens

Affiliation Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Janine Maenza

Affiliation Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Ann C. Collier

Affiliation Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

James I. Mullins

Affiliations Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Department of Microbiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Tomer Hertz

Affiliation Statistical Center for HIV Research and Prevention, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Xuesong Yu

Affiliation Statistical Center for HIV Research and Prevention, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Helen Horton

helen.horton@seattlebiomed.org

Affiliations Viral Vaccine Program, Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Department of Global Health, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: PK HH. Performed the experiments: PK. Analyzed the data: YL PK NH XY WLD DAS EEG TH JIM. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: YL DAS TH JIM. Wrote the paper: PK HH. Oversaw clinical aspects of the PIC and supplied samples from subjects from early HIV-1-infection: CES JM ACC. Patient identification, selection and acquisition of appropriate time point samples for this study: CES JM ACC. Input re determination of estimated time of infection, viral load setpoint: CES JM ACC. Advised on the analysis of prevalence CS computation, intellectual input: JIM. Revising manuscript critically for important intellectual content and final approval of the version to be published: HH PK NH WLD YL EEG DAS CES JM ACC JIM TH XY.