About the Authors

Travis A. Burgers

Affiliation Center for Skeletal Disease Research, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States of America

Martin F. Hoffmann

Affiliations Grand Rapids Medical Education Partners, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States of America, Trauma Center, Orthopaedic Associates of Michigan, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States of America

Caitlyn J. Collins

Affiliation Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America

Juraj Zahatnansky

Affiliation Center for Skeletal Disease Research, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States of America

Martin A. Alvarado

Affiliations Creston High School, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States of America, Grand Rapids Area Pre-College Engineering Program, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States of America

Michael R. Morris

Affiliation College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States of America

Debra L. Sietsema

Affiliations Trauma Center, Orthopaedic Associates of Michigan, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States of America, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States of America

James J. Mason

Affiliation Center for Skeletal Disease Research, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States of America

Clifford B. Jones

Affiliations Trauma Center, Orthopaedic Associates of Michigan, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States of America, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States of America

Heidi L. Ploeg

Affiliation Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America

Bart O. Williams

bart.williams@vai.org

Affiliation Center for Skeletal Disease Research, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: TAB DLS JJM CBJ BOW. Performed the experiments: TAB JZ MFH MRM MAA. Analyzed the data: TAB MFH CJC JJM HLP BOW. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: JJM BOW. Wrote the paper: TAB MFH JJM BOW.