About the Authors

Badri P. Maliwal

bpmal001@gmail.com (BPM); Ignacy.Gryczynski@unthsc.edu (IG)

Affiliation Center for Commercialization of Fluorescence Technologies, Department of Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States of America

Rafal Fudala

Affiliation Center for Commercialization of Fluorescence Technologies, Department of Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States of America

Sangram Raut

Affiliation Center for Commercialization of Fluorescence Technologies, Department of Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States of America

Rutika Kokate

Affiliation Department of Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States of America

Thomas J. Sørensen

Affiliation Nano-Science Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, København, Denmark

Bo W. Laursen

Affiliation Nano-Science Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, København, Denmark

Zygmunt Gryczynski

Affiliation Departments of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas, United States of America

Ignacy Gryczynski

bpmal001@gmail.com (BPM); Ignacy.Gryczynski@unthsc.edu (IG)

Affiliations Center for Commercialization of Fluorescence Technologies, Department of Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States of America, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Final manuscript: BPM RF SR RK TJS BWL ZG IG. Conceived and designed the experiments: BPM ZG. Performed the experiments: BPM RF IG. Analyzed the data: BPM RF IG. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: RK TJS SR BWL. Wrote the paper: BPM.