About the Authors

James D. Hale

j.hale@bham.ac.uk

Affiliation School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, United Kingdom

Gemma Davies

Affiliation Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, Lancashire, United Kingdom

Alison J. Fairbrass

Affiliation Centre for Urban Sustainability and Resilience, University College London, London, United Kingdom

Thomas J. Matthews

Affiliation School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom

Christopher D. F. Rogers

Affiliation School of Civil Engineering, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, United Kingdom

Jon P. Sadler

Affiliation School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Contributed to writing the manuscript: GD AJF TJM CDFR. Conceived and designed the experiments: JDH JPS. Performed the experiments: JDH AJF TJM. Analyzed the data: JDH GD JPS. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: JDH GD. Wrote the paper: JDH JPS.