About the Authors

Shaomei He

Affiliations Energy Biosciences Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America, US Department of Energy (DOE) Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, California, United States of America

Natalia Ivanova

Affiliations Energy Biosciences Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America, US Department of Energy (DOE) Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, California, United States of America

Edward Kirton

Affiliation US Department of Energy (DOE) Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, California, United States of America

Martin Allgaier

Affiliations US Department of Energy (DOE) Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, California, United States of America, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin Center for Genomics in Biodiversity Research, Berlin, Germany

Claudia Bergin

Affiliation Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

Rudolf H. Scheffrahn

Affiliation Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Davie, Florida, United States of America

Nikos C. Kyrpides

Affiliations Energy Biosciences Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America, US Department of Energy (DOE) Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, California, United States of America

Falk Warnecke

Affiliations Energy Biosciences Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America, US Department of Energy (DOE) Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, California, United States of America

Susannah G. Tringe

Affiliation US Department of Energy (DOE) Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, California, United States of America

Philip Hugenholtz

p.hugenholtz@uq.edu.au

Affiliations Energy Biosciences Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America, US Department of Energy (DOE) Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, California, United States of America, Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences & Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Involved in discussion of the results and provided feedback on the manuscript: SH NI EK MA CB RHS NCK FW SGT PH.. Conceived and designed the experiments: PH FW NI NCK. Performed the experiments: FW MA CB RHS PH. Analyzed the data: SH NI EK MA. Wrote the paper: SH SGT PH.