About the Authors
- Matthijs J. H. M. van der Loos
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* E-mail: mvanderloos@ese.eur.nl
Affiliations Department of Applied Economics, Erasmus School of Economics, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Cornelius A. Rietveld
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Affiliations Department of Applied Economics, Erasmus School of Economics, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Niina Eklund
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Affiliations Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, Public Health Genomics Unit, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, The National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
- Philipp D. Koellinger
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Affiliations Department of Applied Economics, Erasmus School of Economics, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Fernando Rivadeneira
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Affiliations Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Gonçalo R. Abecasis
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Affiliation Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Georgina A. Ankra-Badu
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Affiliation Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Sebastian E. Baumeister
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Affiliation Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Daniel J. Benjamin
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Affiliation Department of Economics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
- Reiner Biffar
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Affiliation Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Gerodontology and Biomaterials, Centre of Oral Health, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Stefan Blankenberg
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Affiliation Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Dorret I. Boomsma
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Affiliation Netherlands Twin Register, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- David Cesarini
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Affiliation Center for Experimental Social Science, Department of Economics, New York University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Francesco Cucca
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Affiliation Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Cagliari, Italy
- Eco J. C. de Geus
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Affiliation Netherlands Twin Register, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- George Dedoussis
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Affiliation Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Panos Deloukas
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Affiliation Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- Maria Dimitriou
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Affiliation Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Guðny Eiriksdottir
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Affiliation Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- Johan Eriksson
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Affiliations Diabetes Prevention Unit, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland, Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland, Unit of General Practice, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland, Vaasa Central Hospital, Vaasa, Finland
- Christian Gieger
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Affiliation Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Vilmundur Gudnason
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Affiliations Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland, Department of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Birgit Höhne
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Affiliations Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Rolf Holle
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Affiliation Institute of Health Economics and Health Care Management, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Jouke-Jan Hottenga
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Affiliation Netherlands Twin Register, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Aaron Isaacs
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Affiliations Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Centre for Medical Systems Biology, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Marjo-Riitta Järvelin
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Affiliations Institute of Health Sciences and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Life Course and Services, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-HPA Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Magnus Johannesson
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Affiliation Department of Economics, Stockholm School of Economics, Stockholm, Sweden
- Marika Kaakinen
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Affiliation Institute of Health Sciences and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Mika Kähönen
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Affiliations Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland, Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland
- Stavroula Kanoni
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Affiliation Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- Maarit A. Laaksonen
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Affiliation Population Health Research Unit, Department of Health, Functional Capacity and Welfare, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
- Jari Lahti
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Affiliation Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Lenore J. Launer
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Affiliation Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Terho Lehtimäki
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Affiliations Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland, Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland
- Marisa Loitfelder
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Affiliation Division for Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Patrik K. E. Magnusson
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Affiliation Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Silvia Naitza
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Affiliation Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Cagliari, Italy
- Ben A. Oostra
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Affiliation Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Markus Perola
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Affiliations Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, Public Health Genomics Unit, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, The National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Katja Petrovic
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Affiliation Division of General Neurology, Department of Neurology, General Hospital and Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Lydia Quaye
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Affiliation Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Olli Raitakari
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Affiliations Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland, Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Samuli Ripatti
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Affiliations Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, Public Health Genomics Unit, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, The National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- Paul Scheet
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Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- David Schlessinger
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Affiliation National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Carsten O. Schmidt
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Affiliation Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Helena Schmidt
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Affiliation Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Reinhold Schmidt
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Affiliation Division for Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Andrea Senft
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Affiliation Institut für Medizinische Biometrie und Statistik, Universität zu Lübeck, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
- Albert V. Smith
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Affiliations Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland, Department of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Timothy D. Spector
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Affiliation Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Ida Surakka
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Affiliations Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, Public Health Genomics Unit, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, The National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
- Rauli Svento
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Affiliation Department of Economics, Oulu Business School, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Antonio Terracciano
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Affiliations National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America
- Emmi Tikkanen
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Affiliations Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, Public Health Genomics Unit, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, The National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
- Cornelia M. van Duijn
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Affiliations Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Centre for Medical Systems Biology, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Jorma Viikari
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Affiliations Department of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland, Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Henry Völzke
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Affiliation Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- H. -Erich Wichmann
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Affiliations Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Chair of Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany, Klinikum Grosshadern, Munich, Germany
- Philipp S. Wild
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Affiliations Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany, Department of Medicine 2, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Sara M. Willems
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Affiliation Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Gonneke Willemsen
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Affiliation Netherlands Twin Register, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Frank J. A. van Rooij
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Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Patrick J. F. Groenen
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Affiliation Econometric Institute, Erasmus School of Economics, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- André G. Uitterlinden
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Affiliations Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Albert Hofman
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Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- A. Roy Thurik
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Affiliations Department of Applied Economics, Erasmus School of Economics, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Panteia, Zoetermeer, The Netherlands, GSCM-Montpellier Business School, Montpellier, France
Competing Interests
The authors would like to declare financial support by Philips Medical Systems for the Gutenberg Health Study (GHS). Philips Medical Systems provided the ultrasound machines for the GHS and had no role in the current research. Hence, funding by Philips Medical Systems does not alter the authors' adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.
Author Contributions
Individual study design and management: GRA RB SB DIB DC FC EJCdG GD PD GE JE CG VG AH M-RJ MJ LJL BAO MP SR DS R. Schmidt COS TDS AT CMvD HV H-EW PSW GW. Data collection: SB DIB DC EJCdG MD JE RH M-RJ MJ M. Kähönen JL TL PKEM KP OR R. Schmidt AVS TDS FJAvR JV PSW GW. Genotyping: SB PD J-JH TL PKEM FR HS AVS AGU PSW GW. Genotype preparation: GRA J-JH TL PKEM FR HS AS AVS AGU. Phenotype preparation: GAA-B SEB SB DC NE BH M. Kähönen JL ML SN KP OR AVS AT MJHMvdL FJAvR JV PSW GW. Study data analysis: GRA SEB NE J-JH AI M. Kaakinen M. Kähönen SK MAL TL ML KP OR CAR AS PS AVS IS ET MJHMvdL JV SMW. Manuscript review: SEB DJB SB DIB DC GD GE NE PJFG AH RH J-JH MJ PDK MAL PKEM MP LQ FR DS R. Schmidt COS AS AVS R. Svento AT ART AGU FJAvR HV PSW. Analysis plan development: PDK MJHMvdL. Analysis plan review: FR FJAvR AGU. Meta-analyses: NE MJHMvdL. Manuscript preparation: CAR MJHMvdL. Heritability, accounted-for variance by common SNPs, and prediction analyses: CAR MJHMvdL. Review and interpretation of analyses: PJFG AH PDK CAR FR ART AGU MJHMvdL FJAvR. Conceived and designed the study: AH PDK ART. Organize and oversee consortium: AH ART.