About the Authors

Amy Kennedy

Affiliations School of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom, Department of Diabetes, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom

Krishnarajah Nirantharakumar

Affiliation Public Health, Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom

Myriam Chimen

Affiliation School of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom

Terence T. Pang

Affiliations School of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom, Department of Diabetes & Endocrinology, Dudley Group of Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Dudley, United Kingdom

Karla Hemming

Affiliation Public Health, Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom

Rob C. Andrews

Affiliations School of Clinical Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom, Department of Diabetes & Endocrinology, Taunton & Somerset NHS Foundation Trust, Taunton, United Kingdom

Parth Narendran

p.narendran@bham.ac.uk

Affiliations School of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom, Department of Diabetes, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have read the journal’s policy and have the following conflicts: AK has received sponsorship to attend a scientific meeting from NovoNordisk, RA has been on the advisory board for GSK, received honorariums and/or sponsorship to attend a scientific meeting from NovoNordisk, GSK, Sanofi Aventis and Lilly, KH has been an expert witness in several legal cases, and PN has received advisory board invitations and speaker honorariums from NovoNordisk. This declaration of interest does not alter the authors’ adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Designed study: AK KN MC TP KH RA PN. Performed searches and reviewed articles: AK KN MC PN. Analyzed the data: AK KN TP KH. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: KN KH. Wrote the paper: AK KN MC TP KH RA PN.