About the Authors

Inger-Lise Mero

Contributed equally to this work with: Inger-Lise Mero, Marte W. Gustavsen

Affiliations Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway, Department of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway

Marte W. Gustavsen

Contributed equally to this work with: Inger-Lise Mero, Marte W. Gustavsen

Affiliations Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

Hanne S. Sæther

Affiliations Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway, Department of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway

Siri T. Flåm

Affiliation Department of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway

Pål Berg-Hansen

Affiliations Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

Helle B. Søndergaard

Affiliation The Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark

Poul Erik H. Jensen

Affiliation The Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark

Tone Berge

Affiliations Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

Anja Bjølgerud

Affiliations Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

Aslaug Muggerud

Affiliations Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

Jan H. Aarseth

Affiliation The Norwegian Multiple Sclerosis Registry and Biobank, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway

International Multiple Sclerosis Genetics Consortium

Membership of the International Multiple Sclerosis Genetics Consortium is provided in File S1.

Kjell-Morten Myhr

Affiliations The Norwegian Multiple Sclerosis Registry and Biobank, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway, KG Jebsen Centre for MS-research, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway

Elisabeth G. Celius

Affiliation Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway

Finn Sellebjerg

Affiliation The Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark

Jan Hillert

Affiliation Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, The Multiple Sclerosis Research Group, Center for Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden

Lars Alfredsson

Affiliation Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

Tomas Olsson

Affiliation Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, The Neuroimmunology Research Group, Stockholm, Sweden

Annette Bang Oturai

Affiliation The Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark

Ingrid Kockum

Affiliation Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, The Neuroimmunology Research Group, Stockholm, Sweden

Benedicte A. Lie

Affiliation Department of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway

Bettina Kulle Andreassen

Affiliations Department of Clinical Molecular Biology and Laboratory Sciences (EpiGen), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway, Department of Biostiatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

Hanne F. Harbo

h.f.harbo@medisin.uio.no

Affiliations Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Critically revised and approved the final manuscript: HSS STF HBS PEHJ TB AB AM JHA IMSGC KMM EGC FS JH LA TO ABO IK BAL BKA PBH. Conceived and designed the experiments: HFH ILM MWG BAL BKA TB. Performed the experiments: ILM MWG HFH PBH BAL BKA HSS AB STF. Analyzed the data: ILM MWG BKA BAL HFH HSS STF. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: IMSGC JH ABO PBH FS PEHJ HBS KMM JHA JH TO LA IK EGC HFH BAL BKA. Wrote the paper: ILM MWG HFH.