About the Authors

Ethan A. Rossi

erossi@cvs.rochester.edu

Current address: Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America

Affiliation School of Optometry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America

Rebecca L. Achtman

Affiliation Rochester Center for Brain Imaging, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America

Arnaud Guidon

Affiliations Rochester Center for Brain Imaging, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America, Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America

David R. Williams

Affiliations Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America

Austin Roorda

Affiliation School of Optometry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America

Daphne Bavelier

Affiliations Rochester Center for Brain Imaging, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America, Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America

Joseph Carroll

Affiliations Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America, Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America, Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have read the journal’s policy and have the following conflicts: Austin Roorda is the sole inventor on a patents US 6,890,076 issued 05/10/2005, and US 7,118,216, issued on 10/10/2006. The AOSLO is one of the systems used in this manuscript. The patents are assigned to the University of Houston and the University of Rochester and has been licensed by a commercial entity. Austin Roorda may benefit financially from this licensing arrangement. David Williams is a co-inventor on the following patents and patent applications (including all foreign filings), which are assigned to the University of Rochester and has been licensed by multiple commercial entities: US 5,777,719, issued 07/07/1998; US 5,949,521, issued 09/07/1999; US 6,095,651, issued 08/01/2000; US 6,379,005, issued 04/30/2002; US 6,338,559, issued 01/15/2002; US 6,264,328, issued 07/24/2001; US 6,948,818, issued 09/27/2005; US 7,416,305 B2, issued 08/26/2008; US 6,199,986, issued 03/13/2001; US 6,299,311, issued 10/09/2001; US 6,827,444, issued 12/07/2004; US 6,511,180, issued 01/23/2003; US 8,226,236, issued 07/24/2012; US DIV 13/461,880, filed 05/02/2012. David Williams may benefit financially from these licensing arrangements. There are no further patents, products in development or marketed products to declare. This does not alter the authors′ adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: EAR RLA AG DRW AR DB JC. Performed the experiments: EAR RLA AG DB JC. Analyzed the data: EAR RLA AG AR DB JC. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: EAR RLA AG AR DB JC. Wrote the paper: EAR RLA AG DRW AR DB JC.